CN104377375B - A kind of integral coal gasification melting carbonate fuel cell generation system - Google Patents
A kind of integral coal gasification melting carbonate fuel cell generation system Download PDFInfo
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- CN104377375B CN104377375B CN201410608387.9A CN201410608387A CN104377375B CN 104377375 B CN104377375 B CN 104377375B CN 201410608387 A CN201410608387 A CN 201410608387A CN 104377375 B CN104377375 B CN 104377375B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04007—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids related to heat exchange
- H01M8/04014—Heat exchange using gaseous fluids; Heat exchange by combustion of reactants
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0662—Treatment of gaseous reactants or gaseous residues, e.g. cleaning
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0662—Treatment of gaseous reactants or gaseous residues, e.g. cleaning
- H01M8/0668—Removal of carbon monoxide or carbon dioxide
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
- H01M8/0662—Treatment of gaseous reactants or gaseous residues, e.g. cleaning
- H01M8/0675—Removal of sulfur
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/22—Fuel cells in which the fuel is based on materials comprising carbon or oxygen or hydrogen and other elements; Fuel cells in which the fuel is based on materials comprising only elements other than carbon, oxygen or hydrogen
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Abstract
A kind of integral coal gasification melting carbonate fuel cell generation system, including air separation unit, the outlet of air separation unit connects gasification furnace entrance, high-temperature heat-exchanging is passed through in gasification furnace outlet, particulate matter removing device, desulfurizer, mercury removal device, water-gas shift device reconnects fused carbonate fuel battery anode entrance after connecting waste-heat recoverer, molten carbonate fuel cell output connects AC network or electrical equipment by DC/AC transducer, from gasification furnace synthesis gas out through high-temperature heat-exchanging, reclaim heat, high-temperature molten carbonate fuel cell it is passed through again after gas purification;And air first passes through compressor boost, promoting turbine power generation after high-temperature heat-exchanging and cryogenic heat exchanger heat, making full use of converting heat is electric energy, and the present invention improves system thermal utilization rate and system effectiveness.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to molten carbonate fuel cell technical field, particularly relate to a kind of integral coal gasification melting carbonate fuel cell generation system.
Background technology
Molten carbonate fuel cell (Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell, MCFC) has that generating efficiency is high, disposal of pollutants is low and many-sided advantage such as fuel tolerance is wide.In electric station, the field such as military affairs and Aero-Space has broad application prospects.Molten carbonate fuel cell runs under the hot conditions of 650 DEG C, and the waste gas that battery pile produces can form combined cycle with small size gas turbine, reclaims heat further, and system generating efficiency reaches more than 50%, significantly larger than thermal power plant.The advantage the lowest owing to having the discharge capacity of noise and pollutant, molten carbonate fuel cell can be placed in power supply near office block, hospital etc. as distributed power source.
The fuel ratio of molten carbonate fuel cell is relatively flexible, can use the periodic off-gases of synthetic gas, natural gas, hydrogen-rich gas, chemical plant carbon containing or hydrogen as fuel, the highest to the interdependency of the Fossil fuels such as coal.Molten carbonate fuel cell combines with Coal Gasification Technology, build integral coal gasification fuel cell (Integrated Gasification Fuel Cell, IGFC) electricity generation system, the capacity and the efficiency that not only make fuel cell power generation increase, the clean utilization of coal resources can also be realized, be an important directions of 21 century Clean Coal Power Generating Technologies.
Currently for IGFC systematic research still in development demonstration phase.Calendar year 2001, the U.S. builds up the large-scale coal gasification combined circulation power station project of the preposition fuel cell of Kai Mudeng, this electricity generation system is the large-scale integrated coal gasification combined cycle station (IGCC) of a preposition molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC), but owing to molten carbonate fuel cell needs work under high pressure so that battery life is substantially reduced.In order to improve the operation characteristic of battery, Kentucky, United States advanced person's energy in 2003 is cooperated with Fuel Cell Energy company, and IGFC electricity generation system of demonstrating in Wabash river IGCC power station, MCFC is rearmounted battery system, and power reaches 2MW.Domestic, Shanghai Communications University it is also proposed melting carbonate fuel battery combustion turbine top-level cycle and bottom circulation electricity generation system, and it is further proposed that with heat and freeze the cold, heat and electricity triple supply molten carbonate fuel cell system combined.But in existing research, carbonate fuel cell system, all as an independent module, fails in view of effective utilization of heat in whole system.Therefore, under conditions of keeping fuel cell power generation efficiency certain, improve the efficiency of utilization of system further, system effectiveness can be improved further.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the shortcoming of above-mentioned prior art, it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of integral coal gasification melting carbonate fuel cell generation system, improve system thermal utilization rate and system effectiveness.
In order to achieve the above object, the system schema that the present invention uses is:
nullA kind of integral coal gasification melting carbonate fuel cell generation system,Including air separation unit 1,The entrance of air separation unit 1 is passed through air,The oxygen outlet of air separation unit 1 connects the oxygen intake of gasification furnace 2,The nitrogen outlet of air separation unit 1 connects nitrogen storage device,The coal entrance of gasification furnace 2 adds coal,The high-temperature gas outlet of gasification furnace 2 is connected to the high-temperature gas entrance of high-temperature heat-exchanging 3,The cryogenic gas entrance of high-temperature heat-exchanging 3 connects the outlet of compressor 13,The entrance of compressor 13 is passed through air,The high-temperature gas outlet of high-temperature heat-exchanging 3 connects the entrance of particulate matter removing device 4,The cryogenic gas outlet of high-temperature heat-exchanging 3 connects the cryogenic gas entrance of cryogenic heat exchanger 11,The outlet of particulate matter removing device 4 connects the entrance of desulfurizer 5,The outlet of desulfurizer 5 connects the entrance of mercury removal device 6,The outlet of mercury removal device 6 connects the entrance of water-gas shift device 7,The outlet of water-gas shift device 7 connects the cryogenic gas entrance of waste-heat recoverer 10,The cryogenic gas outlet of waste-heat recoverer 10 connects molten carbonate fuel cell 8 anode inlet,The high-temperature gas entrance of waste-heat recoverer 10 connects molten carbonate fuel cell 8 cathode outlet,The high-temperature gas outlet of waste-heat recoverer 10 is waste gas,Emptying,Molten carbonate fuel cell 8 anode export connects the first entrance of catalytic burner 9,Molten carbonate fuel cell 8 cathode inlet connects the outlet of cryogenic heat exchanger 11 high-temperature gas,Molten carbonate fuel cell 8 exports electric energy and connects the entrance of DC/AC transducer 12,DC/AC transducer 12 outlet connects AC network or electrical equipment,Catalytic burner 9 outlet connects cryogenic heat exchanger 11 high-temperature gas entrance,The cryogenic gas outlet of cryogenic heat exchanger 11 connects the entrance of turbine 14,The outlet of turbine 14 connects the second entrance of catalytic burner 9,Electromotor 15 and turbine 14 coaxially connected output electric energy.
Oxygen in air and nitrogen are separated by described air separation unit 1 by Deep Cooling Method, and oxygen is transported in gasification furnace 2.
In described gasification furnace 2, reaction generates synthesis gas, and it is H that synthesis gas mainly becomes2、H2O、CO、CO2、CH4、H2S, COS etc..
Described high-temperature heat-exchanging 3, waste-heat recoverer 10 and cryogenic heat exchanger 11 include that high-temperature gas runner and low-temperature gas flow passage, high-temperature gas and cryogenic gas are separated by heat exchanger fin and pass through heat exchanger fin heat-shift.
Described particulate matter removing device 4 uses sack cleaner or electric cleaner, the particulate matter in removing synthesis gas so that mine dust content is less than 200mg/Nm3。
Described desulfurizer 5 uses low-temp methanol method or NHD method so that exit H2S, COS content is less than 1ppm.
Described mercury removal device 6 uses the hydrargyrum in activated carbon method removing synthesis gas so that in exit gas, mercury content is less than 0.03mg/Nm3。
Described water-gas shift device 7 uses catalyst by CO and H in synthesis gas2O reaction generates CO2And H2So that in exit gas, CO ratio is less than 0.5%.
Described molten carbonate fuel cell 8 is made up of anode, negative electrode, electrolyte membrance, negative electrode and anode are respectively in electrolyte membrance both sides, fuel and oxidant each lead in anode and cathode chamber, and there is electrochemical reaction, produce electric energy and heat, battery operating temperature is at 650 DEG C, and the scale of battery is realized by multiple battery pile connection in series-parallel.
Described catalytic burner 9 makes the H in gas by catalyst2With O2Chemical reaction is occurred to generate H2O also discharges heat.
Described compressor 13, turbine 14 and electromotor 15 are installed on same axis, turbine 14 rotational band under the impact of pressure high temperature hot gas moves compressor 13 and electromotor 15 rotates, compressor 13 increase makes the pressure of air be increased to more than 1Mpa by normal pressure, and electromotor 15 then produces electric energy.
The present invention, compared with existing technology, is sufficiently used the heat of synthesis gas for heating pressure-air, and does work eventually through turbine, the heat being sufficiently used in system.Meanwhile use the high-temperature molten carbonate fuel cell that generating efficiency is high such that it is able to the clean and effective realizing coal resources utilizes, and generating efficiency is up to more than 50%, and pollutant emission is substantially reduced, particulate matter < 4.5mg/Nm3、SO2< 20mg/Nm3, NOx < 30mg/Nm3、Hg<0.003mg/Nm3。
Accompanying drawing explanation
Accompanying drawing 1 is the structural representation of the present invention.
Detailed description of the invention
1 the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
nullReferring to the drawings 1,A kind of integral coal gasification melting carbonate fuel cell generation system,Including air separation unit 1,The entrance of air separation unit 1 is passed through air,The oxygen outlet of air separation unit 1 connects the oxygen intake of gasification furnace 2,The nitrogen outlet of air separation unit 1 connects nitrogen storage device,The coal entrance of gasification furnace 2 adds coal,The high-temperature gas outlet of gasification furnace 2 is connected to the high-temperature gas entrance of high-temperature heat-exchanging 3,The cryogenic gas entrance of high-temperature heat-exchanging 3 connects the outlet of compressor 13,The entrance of compressor 13 is passed through air,The high-temperature gas outlet of high-temperature heat-exchanging 3 connects the entrance of particulate matter removing device 4,The cryogenic gas outlet of high-temperature heat-exchanging 3 connects the cryogenic gas entrance of cryogenic heat exchanger 11,The outlet of particulate matter removing device 4 connects the entrance of desulfurizer 5,The outlet of desulfurizer 5 connects the entrance of mercury removal device 6,The outlet of mercury removal device 6 connects the entrance of water-gas shift device 7,The outlet of water-gas shift device 7 connects the cryogenic gas entrance of waste-heat recoverer 10,The cryogenic gas outlet of waste-heat recoverer 10 connects molten carbonate fuel cell 8 anode inlet,The high-temperature gas entrance of waste-heat recoverer 10 connects molten carbonate fuel cell 8 cathode outlet,The high-temperature gas outlet of waste-heat recoverer 10 is waste gas,Emptying,Molten carbonate fuel cell 8 anode export connects the first entrance of catalytic burner 9,Molten carbonate fuel cell 8 cathode inlet connects the outlet of cryogenic heat exchanger 11 high-temperature gas,Molten carbonate fuel cell 8 exports electric energy and connects the entrance of DC/AC transducer 12,DC/AC transducer 12 outlet connects AC network or electrical equipment,Catalytic burner 9 outlet connects cryogenic heat exchanger 11 high-temperature gas entrance,The cryogenic gas outlet of cryogenic heat exchanger 11 connects the entrance of turbine 14,The outlet of turbine 14 connects the second entrance of catalytic burner 9,Electromotor 15 and turbine 14 coaxially connected output electric energy.
Oxygen in air and nitrogen are separated by described air separation unit 1 by Deep Cooling Method, and oxygen is transported in gasification furnace 2.
In described gasification furnace 2, reaction generates synthesis gas, and it is H that synthesis gas mainly becomes2、H2O、CO、CO2、CH4、H2S, COS etc..
Described high-temperature heat-exchanging 3, waste-heat recoverer 10 and cryogenic heat exchanger 11 include that high-temperature gas runner and low-temperature gas flow passage, high-temperature gas and cryogenic gas are separated by heat exchanger fin and pass through heat exchanger fin heat-shift.
Described particulate matter removing device 4 uses sack cleaner or electric cleaner, the particulate matter in removing synthesis gas so that mine dust content is less than 200mg/Nm3。
Described desulfurizer 5 uses low-temp methanol method or NHD method so that exit H2S, COS content is less than 1ppm.
Described mercury removal device 6 uses the hydrargyrum in activated carbon method removing synthesis gas so that in exit gas, mercury content is less than 0.03mg/Nm3。
Described water-gas shift device 7 uses catalyst by CO and H in synthesis gas2O reaction generates CO2And H2So that in exit gas, CO ratio is less than 0.5%.
Described molten carbonate fuel cell 8 is made up of anode, negative electrode, electrolyte membrance, negative electrode and anode are respectively in electrolyte membrance both sides, fuel and oxidant each lead in anode and cathode chamber, and there is electrochemical reaction, produce electric energy and heat, battery operating temperature is at 650 DEG C, and the scale of battery is realized by multiple battery pile connection in series-parallel.
Described catalytic burner 9 makes the H in gas by catalyst2With O2Chemical reaction is occurred to generate H2O also discharges heat.
Described compressor 13, turbine 14 and electromotor 15 are installed on same axis, turbine 14 rotational band under the impact of pressure high temperature hot gas moves compressor 13 and electromotor 15 rotates, compressor 13 increase makes the pressure of air be increased to more than 1Mpa by normal pressure, and electromotor 15 then produces electric energy.
The operation principle of the present invention is: coal and oxygen are passed through gasification furnace 2 and produce synthesis gas, and the temperature of synthesis gas is 900 DEG C, and component is CO > 40%, H2> 30%, CO223%.Synthesis gas first passes around high-temperature heat-exchanging 3 heat exchange, and temperature is reduced to less than 100 DEG C, then passes to electric dust collector 4 so that particulate matter component is less than 200mg/Nm3;It is passed through desulfurizer 5 again so that H2S and COS concentration is less than 1ppm;It is passed through mercury removal device 6 again, makes mercury content in gas be less than 0.3mg/Nm3, then pass through water-gas shift device 7 and convert synthesis gas to H2And CO2Make CO ratio less than 0.5%, it is then passed through waste-heat recoverer 10 pre-heating fuel gas to more than 300 DEG C, finally it is passed into the anode of molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC) 8, meanwhile, air passes through compressor 13 to 5Mpa, be then passed through high-temperature heat-exchanging 3, cryogenic heat exchanger 11 improves the temperature of air to more than 800 DEG C, then air is done work and decrease temperature and pressure by turbine 14, and is passed into further in catalytic burner 9 and unreacted H in molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC) 8 anode outlet gases2Chemical reaction is occurred to release heat, improve gas temperature to more than 900 DEG C, then it is passed through molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC) 8 cathode chamber after being lowered the temperature by cryogenic heat exchanger 11, electrochemical reaction is there is in fuel and oxidant in molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC) 8, produce unidirectional current, be converted into alternating current through DC/AC converter 12.
Claims (7)
1. an integral coal gasification melting carbonate fuel cell generation system, including air separation unit (1), its
Being characterised by: the entrance of air separation unit (1) is passed through air, the oxygen outlet of air separation unit (1) connects gasification furnace
(2) oxygen intake, the nitrogen outlet of air separation unit (1) connects nitrogen storage device, gasification furnace (2)
Coal entrance adds coal, and the high-temperature gas outlet of gasification furnace (2) is connected to the high-temperature gas of high-temperature heat-exchanging (3)
Entrance, the cryogenic gas entrance of high-temperature heat-exchanging (3) connects the outlet of compressor (13), compressor (13)
Entrance be passed through air, the outlet of the high-temperature gas of high-temperature heat-exchanging (3) connects particulate matter removing device (4)
Entrance, the cryogenic gas outlet of high-temperature heat-exchanging (3) connects the cryogenic gas entrance of cryogenic heat exchanger (11),
The outlet of particulate matter removing device (4) connects the entrance of desulfurizer (5), the outlet of desulfurizer (5)
Connecting the entrance of mercury removal device (6), the outlet of mercury removal device (6) connects water-gas shift device (7)
Entrance, the outlet of water-gas shift device (7) connects the cryogenic gas entrance of waste-heat recoverer (10), remaining
The cryogenic gas outlet of heat regenerator (10) connects molten carbonate fuel cell (8) anode inlet, waste heat
The high-temperature gas entrance of withdrawer (10) connects molten carbonate fuel cell (8) cathode outlet, waste heat recovery
The high-temperature gas outlet of device (10) is waste gas, emptying, and molten carbonate fuel cell (8) anode export is even
Connecing the first entrance of catalytic burner (9), molten carbonate fuel cell (8) cathode inlet connects low temperature and changes
Hot device (11) high-temperature gas exports, and molten carbonate fuel cell (8) output electric energy connects DC/AC conversion
The entrance of device (12), DC/AC transducer (12) outlet connects AC network or electrical equipment, catalytic burner (9)
Outlet connects cryogenic heat exchanger (11) high-temperature gas entrance, and the cryogenic gas outlet of cryogenic heat exchanger (11) connects
The entrance of turbine (14), the outlet of turbine (14) connects the second entrance of catalytic burner (9), generating
Machine (15) and turbine (14) coaxially connected output electric energy;
Described high-temperature heat-exchanging (3), waste-heat recoverer (10) and cryogenic heat exchanger (11) include high-temperature gas
Runner and low-temperature gas flow passage, high-temperature gas and cryogenic gas are separated by heat exchanger fin and pass through heat exchanger fin exchanged heat
Amount.
A kind of integral coal gasification melting carbonate fuel cell generation system the most according to claim 1,
It is characterized in that: described particulate matter removing device (4) uses sack cleaner or electric cleaner, removing synthesis
Particulate matter in gas so that mine dust content is less than 200mg/Nm3。
A kind of integral coal gasification melting carbonate fuel cell generation system the most according to claim 1,
It is characterized in that: described desulfurizer (5) uses low-temp methanol method or NHD method so that exit H2S、
COS content is less than 1ppm.
A kind of integral coal gasification melting carbonate fuel cell generation system the most according to claim 1,
It is characterized in that: described mercury removal device (6) uses the hydrargyrum in activated carbon method removing synthesis gas so that outlet
In gas, mercury content is less than 0.03mg/Nm3。
A kind of integral coal gasification melting carbonate fuel cell generation system the most according to claim 1,
It is characterized in that: described water-gas shift device (7) uses catalyst by CO and H in synthesis gas2O reacts
Generate CO2And H2So that in exit gas, CO ratio is less than 0.5%.
A kind of integral coal gasification melting carbonate fuel cell generation system the most according to claim 1,
It is characterized in that: described molten carbonate fuel cell (8) is made up of anode, negative electrode, electrolyte membrance,
Negative electrode and anode each lead into anode and cathode chamber at electrolyte membrance both sides, fuel and oxidant respectively
In, and there is electrochemical reaction, produce electric energy and heat, battery operating temperature at 650 DEG C, the scale of battery
Realized by multiple battery pile connection in series-parallel.
A kind of integral coal gasification melting carbonate fuel cell generation system the most according to claim 1,
It is characterized in that: described compressor (13), turbine (14) and electromotor (15) are installed on same axis,
Turbine (14) rotational band under the impact of pressure high temperature hot gas moves compressor (13) and electromotor (15) rotates,
Compressor (13) makes the pressure of air be increased to more than 1Mpa by normal pressure, and electromotor (15) then produces electricity
Energy.
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CN108963304A (en) * | 2018-07-17 | 2018-12-07 | 陈二东 | A kind of integral coal gasification molten carbonate fuel cell power generator |
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