CN106024405B - A kind of method that no template electric-sedimentation method prepares cobaltous selenide super capacitor material - Google Patents

A kind of method that no template electric-sedimentation method prepares cobaltous selenide super capacitor material Download PDF

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CN106024405B
CN106024405B CN201610372815.1A CN201610372815A CN106024405B CN 106024405 B CN106024405 B CN 106024405B CN 201610372815 A CN201610372815 A CN 201610372815A CN 106024405 B CN106024405 B CN 106024405B
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吕建国
杨杰
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Zhejiang University ZJU
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Abstract

The present invention discloses a kind of no template electric-sedimentation method and prepares Co0.85The method of Se super capacitor materials, the material are nanometer flower structure.The Co0.85Se nano materials synthesize no template electric-sedimentation method, mainly include:1)Configure Na2SeO3With Co (CH3COO)2Solution adds CH3COOLi solution mixes, and obtains precursor solution;2)Nickel screen is immersed in precursor solution, with electrochemical deposition method by Co0.85Se depositing nano-materials are to nickel screen surface;3)By product respectively with deionized water, dry after alcohol flushing to get.Present invention operation and equipment it is simple and without template can large area prepare, the Co of formation0.85Se nano flowers are evenly distributed.Co0.85Se nano material electrodes are tested under three-electrode system, and the height ratio capacity of 1065F/g is shown under the current density of 1A/g, and Charge-transfer resistance is 0.43 Ω/cm2.Co prepared by the present invention0.85Se nano-electrode materials have excellent electrochemistry high rate performance and stable circulation performance, have expanded the preparation method and application field of electrochemical capacitor material.

Description

A kind of method that no template electric-sedimentation method prepares cobaltous selenide super capacitor material
Technical field
The present invention relates to electrode material for super capacitor more particularly to the electrodes of the selenides ultracapacitor of nanostructured Material Field.
Background technology
The energy is the basis that human society is depended on for existence and development.With the progress of science and technology and the development of social economy And the continuous improvement of living standard, the mankind are growing to energy demand.Since the new century, with oil, natural gas With the continuous consumption of the non-renewable energy resources such as coal, the contradiction between economic development and energy resource supply is substantially aggravated, and due to changing The environmental problems such as greenhouse effects also become increasingly conspicuous caused by stone fuel combustion, in order to improve the ecological environment, realize holding for society Continuous sexual development, the center of gravity of the energy resource supply structure of human society will be gradually to the cleanings such as wind energy, solar energy, tide energy and renewable New energy form transfer.Therefore the new energy and new energy storage and occupation mode are existing to solve there is an urgent need for developing Some crises meet new growth requirement.In energy storage and energy supply, traditional battery and capacitor can not provide high-energy simultaneously Density and high power density, thus can not meet the needs of using.Ultracapacitor is a kind of new energy storage device, has work( Rate density is high, the charging time is short, the advantages that having extended cycle life, is environmentally protective, and with higher energy density, can apply On energy storage device, dynamic power system and many electronic equipments, it is expected to as the energy stores instrument of a new generation.
Electrode material is the core and key of ultracapacitor, and the performance of ultracapacitor is mainly by electrode active material Composition and structures shape, the selecting of new material, rational structure design can effectively improve the chemical property of electrode.At present, Electrode material for super capacitor mainly has carbon material, conducting polymer, oxide, sulfide etc., but these materials respectively have it is scarce Point, if carbon material specific capacitance is low, conducting polymer cyclical stability is poor, and oxide resistor rate is high, sulfide also have resistivity compared with The shortcomings that high, thus a kind of high specific capacitance of searching, low-resistivity, the electrode material for super capacitor of good circulation stability become People study the target with industrialization.
Selenides is a kind of potential super capacitor material, and people are used for electrode of super capacitor material to selenides at present The research and development of material is also very rare, is rarely reported.Cobaltous selenide all has advantage, high activity in capacitance and electric conductivity Surface be also beneficial to being obviously improved for chemical property, thus cobaltous selenide will be a kind of super capacitor with excellent properties Device electrode material will cause the extensive concern of people.At present, researchers tentatively synthesize base by several limited modes In the nanometer sheet of cobaltous selenide and the nanostructured of nanotube, the specific capacitance of characterization capacitance size is about 200F/g-300F/g. In the case where electrode material composition determines, rational structure design can effectively improve the chemical property of electrode, such as The contact area of electrode active material and electrolyte can be increased by obtaining higher specific surface area, and specific membrane structure is also favourable In the electro-chemical activity for promoting material, so as to effectively improve the utilization rate of active material, many electricity such as specific capacitance are then improved Chemical property index.In addition, seek low cost, the electrode material preparation method of methods simplification, the production for ultracapacitor Industry is also very necessary.The present invention has synthesized the Co of nano flower-like structure using the method for electrochemical deposition0.85Se nanometers Material has excellent electrochemistry high rate performance and stable circulation performance, and operation is simple, is provided for super capacitor material New better choice, it is expected to be greatly facilitated the development of ultracapacitor, expand its application field.
The content of the invention
As a kind of exploration of the electrode material for super capacitor of excellent properties, it is contemplated that micro- by rational material Structure design realizes Co using a kind of preparation method easy to operate, inexpensive0.85Se nanometers of multidimensional structure, effectively carries The specific surface area and space availability ratio of high electrode material, so as to promote the specific capacitance of electrode material.
The present invention provides Co prepared by a kind of no template electric-sedimentation method0.85Se super capacitor materials, the Co0.85Se Nano material is nanometer flower structure, by being evenly distributed, arranging close Co0.85Se nano flowers form, and nanometer petal thickness is not More than 10nm, nanometer petal is interlaced to form the space pore space structure largely connected, is conducive to the diffusion and migration of ion, huge Big specific surface area is conducive to the absorption of ion, ensures to be subsequently formed the bigger serface structure electrode material of high capacitance performance. The present invention is designed by rational material microstructure, and is realized the nanostructured using simple and practicable preparation method, multidimensional Nanostructured add the specific surface area of electrode and the attaching space of electrode material and electrolyte, reach and effectively improve electrode The effect of the specific capacitance of material.Wherein, nanotopography controls, and is collecting when being directly related to the material as electrode of super capacitor Cladding thickness on fluid, the increase of cladding thickness directly increase the load thickness of electrode active material, this will undoubtedly be improved The capacitance of unit area collector plays significant effect to the capacitive property for improving ultracapacitor.
Further, Co produced by the present invention0.85Se nano materials are in the test of ultracapacitor three-electrode system, than electricity Capacitance can reach 875~1065F/g, have very excellent specific capacitance.
The present invention also provides prepare above-mentioned Co0.85The method of Se nano materials, includes the following steps:
(1)It is dried after cleaning foam nickel screen using dilute hydrochloric acid, deionized water and ethyl alcohol successively;
(2)Configure Na2SeO3Solution and Co (CH3COO)2Solution adds CH3COOLi solution is uniformly mixed, and obtains presoma Solution;
(3)By step(1)In nickel screen immerse precursor solution in, and using this nickel screen as reaction working electrode, use Electrochemical deposition method is by Co0.85Se depositing nano-materials are to this nickel screen surface;
(4)After the completion of reaction, by product respectively with deionized water, dry after alcohol flushing to get.
Further, the step(2)In Na2SeO3Solution and Co (CH3COO)2Solution concentration for 0.005 ~ 0.02mol/L, CH3The concentration of COOLi solution is 0.05 ~ 0.2mol/L.
Further, the step(3)The technological parameter of middle electrochemical deposition is:Depositing temperature is 25 ~ 75 DEG C, from- 1.2V starts with the sedimentation rate scanning of 5 ~ 20mV/s to 0.2V, and cycle-index is 10 ~ 20 times.Depositing temperature and sedimentation rate are straight It connects and is related to the control to form nanotopography, depositing temperature is too low cannot to form required nanostructured;And depositing temperature is excessively high, Then nanostructured can change;Similary sedimentation rate control is also critically important, and rate is too low, and the loaded article on electrode is very little;Speed Rate is too fast, and the load on electrode is excessive, and easily forms nanometer and reunite, and reduces specific surface area;Suitable cycle-index, for reason Think that the formation of microstructure is also most important.
Further, the step(4)Middle drying temperature is 60 DEG C, when drying time is 6 small.
The useful achievement of the present invention is:
1)It is by nanometer flower that the present invention prepares Co0.85Se electrode material for super capacitor by no template electric-sedimentation method Structure forms, and nanometer petal thickness is no more than 10nm, is evenly distributed, arranges closely, and the interlaced formation of nanometer petal largely connects Logical space pore space structure, is conducive to the diffusion and migration of ion, and huge specific surface area is conducive to the absorption of ion.
2)Co prepared by the present invention0.85Se nano materials are shown very in the electrode test applied to ultracapacitor Excellent specific capacitance is tested under the conditions of constant current density is 1A/g, and specific capacitance can reach 1065F/g;And its charge and discharge Good cycle in current density under 20A/g, by the charge and discharge cycles of 5000 times, remains to keep more than 80% specific capacitance Value;Co produced by the present invention simultaneously0.85When Se nano-electrode materials are applied to ultracapacitor, also with relatively low electric charge transfer Impedance, test value are 0.43 Ω/cm2
3)The present invention it is easy to operate, complex device is not required, it is of low cost, and without template can large area prepare, very It is suitable for industrialized batch production.
Description of the drawings
Co made from Fig. 1 embodiments 10.85The low power scanning electron microscope of Se super capacitor materials(SEM)Figure.
Co made from Fig. 2 embodiments 10.85The high power scanning electron microscope of Se super capacitor materials(SEM)Figure.
Co made from Fig. 3 embodiments 10.85The transmission electron microscope of Se super capacitor materials(TEM)Figure.
Co made from Fig. 4 embodiments 10.85The XRD diagram of Se super capacitor materials.
Co made from Fig. 5 embodiments 10.85Se super capacitor material electrode cycle charging and discharging curves
Co made from Fig. 6 embodiments 10.85The cyclic voltammetry curve of Se super capacitor material electrodes.
Co made from Fig. 7 embodiments 10.85The constant current charge-discharge curve of Se super capacitor material electrodes.
Co made from Fig. 8 embodiments 20.85The constant current charge-discharge curve of Se super capacitor material electrodes.
Co made from Fig. 9 embodiments 30.85The constant current charge-discharge curve of Se super capacitor material electrodes.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is further illustrated.
Embodiment 1
It is dried after cleaning foam nickel screen using dilute hydrochloric acid, deionized water and ethyl alcohol successively:Configure 0.02mol/L Na2SeO3 Solution and 0.02mol/L Co (CH3COO)2Solution adds 0.1mol/L CH3COOLi solution is uniformly mixed, and it is molten to obtain presoma Liquid;Nickel screen after cleaning is immersed in precursor solution, with electricity of the rate of 10mV/s from -1.2V scannings to 0.2V at 25 DEG C It under the conditions of chemical deposition, scans 15 times, it is observed that nickel screen surface is gradually covered by the substance of one layer of black, reaction is completed Afterwards, by product respectively with deionized water, after alcohol flushing 60 DEG C it is dry 6 it is small when to get.
Embodiment 2
It is dried after cleaning foam nickel screen using dilute hydrochloric acid, deionized water and ethyl alcohol successively:Configure 0.01mol/L Na2SeO3 Solution and 0.01mol/L Co (CH3COO)2Solution adds 0.05mol/L CH3COOLi solution is uniformly mixed, and obtains presoma Solution;Nickel screen after cleaning is immersed in precursor solution, is scanned at 50 DEG C with the rate of 20mV/s from -1.2V to 0.2V's Under the conditions of electrochemical deposition, scan 10 times, it is observed that nickel screen surface is gradually covered by the substance of one layer of black, reacted Cheng Hou, by product respectively with deionized water, after alcohol flushing 60 DEG C it is dry 6 it is small when to get.
Embodiment 3
It is dried after cleaning foam nickel screen using dilute hydrochloric acid, deionized water and ethyl alcohol successively:Configure 0.005mol/L Na2SeO3 Solution and 0.005mol/L Co (CH3COO)2Solution adds 0.2mol/L CH3COOLi solution is uniformly mixed, and obtains presoma Solution;Nickel screen after cleaning is immersed in precursor solution, is scanned at 75 DEG C with the rate of 5mV/s from -1.2V to 0.2V's Under the conditions of electrochemical deposition, scan 20 times, it is observed that nickel screen surface is gradually covered by the substance of one layer of black, reacted Cheng Hou, by product respectively with deionized water, after alcohol flushing 60 DEG C it is dry 6 it is small when to get.
Chemical raw material Co (the CH used in above example3COO)2 、Na2SeO3、CH3COOLi be analysis it is pure, go from Sub- water resistance is 18.0~18.5M Ω.
Performance test:
1)SEM is tested:The various embodiments described above are prepared into final Co obtained0.85Se nano materials are in low power and high power SEM It is observed under scanning electron microscope.It is respectively Co made from embodiment 1 as shown in Figure 1, Figure 20.85The low power and high power of Se nano materials are swept Electron microscope is retouched, the Co of nanometer flower structure is can see in figure0.85Se nano materials, nanometer petal thickness are no more than 10nm, nanometer Flower is evenly distributed, arranges closely, and the space pore space structure that the interlaced formation of nanometer petal largely connects, and is conducive to ion Diffusion and migration, achieve the effect that the specific capacitance for effectively improving electrode material.
2)TEM is tested:The various embodiments described above are prepared into final Co obtained0.85Se nano materials are in transmission electron microscope(TEM) Under observed.Such as Fig. 3 Co made from embodiment 10.85The transmission electron microscope picture of Se nano materials, what can be become apparent from finds out Co0.85Se nanometers of petal thickness are no more than 10nm.
3)XRD is tested:By Co made from the various embodiments described above0.85Se nano materials carry out X-ray diffraction(XRD)Test, Such as Fig. 4 Co made from embodiment 10.85The X-ray diffractogram that Se nano wire sample tests obtain, PDF cards 52-1008 in figure Corresponding hexagonal phase Co0.85Se therefore deduces that the nano material is by pure Co0.85Se phase compositions.
4)Cycle charge discharge electrical testing:By the last Co obtained of the various embodiments described above0.85Electrode is respectively prepared in Se nano materials Piece is assembled into three-electrode system and carries out charge and discharge cycles test.Such as Fig. 5 Co made from embodiment 10.85Se nano-electrode materials Cycle charge-discharge curve when current density is 20A/g, it can be seen that the Co0.85Se nano material electrodes cycle 5000 times Afterwards, remain to keep more than 80% specific volume.
5)Cyclic voltammetry:It will be by the last Co obtained of the various embodiments described above0.85Electrode is respectively prepared in Se nano materials Piece is assembled into three-electrode system and carries out cyclic voltammetry, in 2mV/s, 5mV/s, 8mV/s, 10mV/s, 15mV/s different scanning Volt-ampere curve under rate, such as the Co made from embodiment 1 of attached drawing 60.85The cyclic voltammetry curve figure of Se nano material electrodes, from The apparent redox peaks of it can be seen from the figure that, show Co0.85Se nano materials are fake capacitance material.
6)Specific capacitance is tested:By the last Co obtained of the various embodiments described above0.85It is on chip that electrode is respectively prepared in Se nano materials It is made into three-electrode system and carries out constant current charge-discharge test, current density is tested under conditions of being 1A/g, if attached drawing 7 is embodiment 1 Co obtained0.85The constant current charge-discharge graph of Se nano material electrodes, can be calculated its specific capacitance value according to curve is 1065F/g;Attached drawing 8 and attached drawing 9 are respectively the constant current charge and discharge that embodiment 2 and embodiment 3 are tested when constant current density is 1A/g Electric graph, by that can be calculated in figure, Co0.85The specific capacitance value of Se nano material electrodes be respectively 875F/g and 928F/g。

Claims (6)

1. a kind of Co prepared by no template electric-sedimentation method0.85Se super capacitor materials, it is characterised in that:The Co0.85Se is super Capacitor material is nano material, by being evenly distributed, arranging close Co0.85Se nano flowers form, and the petal of nano flower is thick Degree is no more than 10nm, the interlaced formation cavernous structure of nanometer petal.
2. Co according to claim 10.85The application of Se super capacitor materials, it is characterised in that:Co0.85Se super capacitors When equipment material is used as the electrode material of ultracapacitor, in the test of ultracapacitor three-electrode system, specific capacitance value can reach To 875~1065F/g.
3. prepare Co prepared by a kind of no template electric-sedimentation method described in claim 10.85The method of Se super capacitor materials, It is characterized in that including the following steps:
1)It is dried after cleaning foam nickel screen using dilute hydrochloric acid, deionized water and ethyl alcohol successively;
2)Configure Na2SeO3Solution and Co (CH3COO)2Solution adds CH3COOLi solution is uniformly mixed, and it is molten to obtain presoma Liquid;
3)By step 1)In nickel screen immerse in precursor solution, with electrochemical deposition method by Co0.85Se depositing nano-materials are to nickel Net surface, and during this, electrochemical deposition working electrode is the nickel screen;
4)After the completion of reaction, by product respectively with deionized water, dry after alcohol flushing to get.
4. a kind of no template electric-sedimentation method according to claim 3 prepares Co0.85The method of Se super capacitor materials, It is characterized in that:The step 2)In Na2SeO3Solution and Co (CH3COO)2Solution concentration is 0.005 ~ 0.02mol/L, CH3The concentration of COOLi solution is 0.05 ~ 0.2mol/L.
5. a kind of no template electric-sedimentation method according to claim 3 prepares Co0.85The method of Se super capacitor materials, It is characterized in that:The step 3)The technological parameter of middle electrochemical deposition is:Depositing temperature is 25 ~ 75 DEG C, since -1.2V with 5 ~ To 0.2V, cycle-index is 10 ~ 20 times for the sedimentation rate scanning of 20mV/s.
6. a kind of no template electric-sedimentation method according to claim 3 prepares Co0.85The method of Se super capacitor materials, It is characterized in that:The step(4)Middle drying temperature is 60 DEG C, when drying time is 6 small.
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