CN106021692B - A kind of steam turbine Integrated design between performance and reliability method - Google Patents
A kind of steam turbine Integrated design between performance and reliability method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of steam turbine Integrated design between performance and reliability methods, comprising: determines the technical specification and its number value or range of steam turbine；The molded line data and aerodynamic data for calculating steam turbine flow passage component, are divided into two class functional component of core and attachment for functional component, determine the distribution pattern and parameter value of core functional components performance design parameter；It extracts each performance design parameter multiple groups and calculates separately the stress and vibration frequency of its corresponding core functional components；Calculate the reliability of each core functional components under each performance design parameter role, the reliability of further comprehensive accounting different core functional component；Calculate each attachment function components reliability；Establish steam turbine system reliability model and computing system reliability；By the system dependability being calculated compared with design objective, if not satisfied, then returning to thermodynamic property design phase adjustment key design parameter.The present invention solves the disconnection problem of performance design and reliability design.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to steam turbine design fields, particularly relate to a kind of steam turbine Integrated design between performance and reliability
Method.
Background technique
Steam turbine is the rotary power equipment for the energy of steam being converted to mechanical work, will by working medium of superheated steam
Thermal energy is mechanical energy, is mainly used as prime mover of power generation, can also directly drive various pumps, blower, compressor and ship
Propeller etc. is widely used in large ship equipment.A kind of power device of the steam turbine as large ship, performance and can
Ship System efficiency is had a major impact by property level.
The country can not be used in combination with performance specification and reliability specification new in steam turbine design process
Method, the method still separately carried out using performance design and reliability design.The phenomenon that this design disconnects to design
Steam turbine quality safety cannot often ensure, in some instances it may even be possible to cause catastrophic failure.The development work of steam turbine is normal
It often lays particular emphasis on performance design and ignores reliability design, performance design fails effectively to merge with reliability design, hinders steaming
The promotion of steam turbine quality and the development of technology.
Currently, perhaps only considering how to improve steam turbine performance or only consider during developing steam turbine
Its reliability how is improved, or only carries out the design of performance or reliability to steam turbine functional component, fails to mention
The performance of steam turbine system/reliability integrated design method out.The disconnection of steam turbine performance design and reliability design
It is high to will lead to steam turbine integrity problem protrusion, repair rate, also greatly increases its lead time, expense and workload.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is a kind of steam turbine Integrated design between performance and reliability method is provided,
It solves the problems, such as that performance design and reliability design disconnect, under conditions of guaranteeing that steam turbine performance is optimal, makes it can
Also meet the requirement of design objective by property index.
A kind of steam turbine Integrated design between performance and reliability method provided by the invention, comprising the following steps:
Step 1, the technical specification and its number value or range for determining steam turbine, calculate the flow passage component heating power of steam turbine
Performance is learned, the declared working condition of flow passage component and the material parameter of 20% operating condition, molded line data and aerodynamic data are obtained.The skill
Art specification includes steam turbine power, revolving speed, operating condition, main steam pressure, temperature, throttle flow, ahead stage number and the steam consumption.
Step 2, steam turbine is angularly evaluated from fault occurrence frequency and influence, design difficulty, processing and manufacturing and cost
Functional component is divided into core functional components and attachment function component, determines core functional components performance design by functional component
The distribution pattern and its parameter value of parameter.Wherein, the performance design parameter of core functional components includes the elasticity modulus of blade, cuts
Shear modulu, density, installation value and height, the density of wheel disc and working speed with and the density of rotor, elasticity modulus, Poisson's ratio,
Bearing rigidity deviation and span changing value.
Step 3, each performance design parameter several groups are extracted using Monte Carlo simulation method, the present embodiment is with 500 groups
Example explanation, according to the molded line data and aerodynamic data of flow passage component, calculates separately the corresponding core function of each performance design parameter
The stress and vibration frequency of energy component simultaneously calculate specific distribution parameter.
Step 4, the corresponding reliability of each performance design parameter is calculated using Stress-Strength Interference Model；According to each performance
Design parameter relationship obtains the reliability model of each core functional components and calculates the reliability of each core functional components；In conjunction with
Reliability-failure rate model and each attachment function unit failure rate data, calculate the reliability of each attachment function component.
Step 5, in conjunction with the design feature and work relationship of each functional component of steam turbine, each function part of steam turbine is obtained
The system engineering figure of part establishes steam turbine system reliability model and computing system reliability.
Step 6, by the system dependability being calculated compared with design objective；If meeting the requirements, steam turbine is completed
Integrated design between performance and reliability；If being unsatisfactory for requiring, need to return to the thermodynamic property design phase, adjustment is crucial
Design parameter.
Adjust key design parameter detailed process are as follows:
Each functional component is calculated to the significance level of steam turbine system reliability effect, selects the maximum function of different degree
Component calculates each performance design parameter to the significance level of the reliability effect of the maximum functional component of the different degree, incites somebody to action
Most important performance design parameter is set to the key design parameter of the functional component, probes into key design parameter to thermodynamics and strong
The influence for spending performance, determines the adjustment direction and size of key design parameter.
By key design parameter adjusted substitute into again thermodynamic property, strength character calculate in, repeat thermodynamics set
Meter calculating, Calculation of Strength Design and calculation of reliability design, then compared with the requirement of steam turbine design objective；If meeting design
Index request then completes Integrated design between performance and reliability；If not satisfied, then continuous loop iteration, until steam turbine can
Until meeting index request by property.
Optionally, in the step 3, specific distribution is calculated using normal distribution, logarithm normal distribution or Weibull distribution
Parameter.
In the step 3, using the stress of the corresponding core functional components of each performance design parameter of Finite element arithmetic, adopt
The intrinsic frequency and the vibration of each rank of the corresponding core functional components of each performance design parameter are calculated with energy method and pilkey model
Frequency.
The invention has the benefit that method provided by the invention is from the thermodynamic property of steam turbine functional component, vibration
The calculating of dynamic and fatigue strength performance is set out, and the performance of functional component is calculated and is organically connected with fail-safe analysis calculating,
The reliability of each functional component of steam turbine is calculated in analysis, establishes the system reliability model of steam turbine, and then be calculated
The reliability of steam turbine system, contrast verification system reliability meet the requirement of steam turbine reliability design index, have
It solves the problems, such as to effect that the design of steam turbine performance and reliability disconnects, improves the reliability level of steam turbine.In addition,
Method provided by the invention can significantly improve the design efficiency of steam turbine, shorten the steam turbine lead time, reduction expense, subtract
Few workload.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 steam turbine Integrated design between performance and reliability process of the embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 2 embodiment of the present invention naval vessel steam turbine system engineering drawing；
The reliability block diagram model of Fig. 3 embodiment of the present invention naval vessel steam turbine system.
Specific embodiment
Steam turbine Integrated design between performance and reliability process: input design parameter first carries out each function of steam turbine
The thermodynamic property of energy component calculates, the input that thermodynamic property calculated result is calculated as vibration, fatigue strength performance, right
Each functional component carries out strength character accounting, exports the mean value and variance of vibration frequency and stress, by vibration, Calculation of Fatigue Strength
As a result the corresponding reliability model for importing each component calculates the reliability of each functional component, and by the reliability of steam turbine point
Analysis, establishes the system reliability model of steam turbine, then calculate the system dependability of steam turbine.The vapor wheel that will be calculated
Machine reliability completes performance and reliability one if meeting design objective requirement with steam turbine reliability design Indexes Comparison
Bodyization design passes through critical function component and key design parameter point if not satisfied, then needing in the constraint of performance indicator
Analysis, finds the key design parameter of critical function component, it is indicated that the optimization direction of Integrated design between performance and reliability, constantly repeatedly
Generation, until meeting design objective requirement.
It is steam turbine of embodiment of the present invention Integrated design between performance and reliability process shown in referring to Fig.1, it is specific to wrap
Include following steps:
Step 1, thermodynamic property design calculates
Step 1.1, determine that steam turbine main technical specification, steam turbine main technical specification include steam turbine function
Rate, revolving speed, operating condition, main steam pressure, temperature, throttle flow, ahead stage number and steam consumption etc..
Step 1.2, it designs flow passage component basic structure: according to steam turbine power, the requirement of efficiency, designing each grade blade
The flow passage components base such as stator blade root diameter, stator blade height, stator blade exit angle, movable vane root diameter, movable vane height and movable vane exit angle
This geometric data.
Step 1.3, according to the basic geometric data of steam turbine flow passage component, thermodynamics is carried out to steam turbine flow passage component
The accounting of performance parameter such as obtains steam turbine power, efficiency, material parameter, the molded line data of declared working condition and 20% operating condition
With aerodynamic data etc..
Step 2, strength character analytical calculation
Step 2.1, vapor wheel is angularly evaluated from fault occurrence frequency and influence, design difficulty, processing and manufacturing and cost
Machine functional component, and functional component is divided into core functional components and attachment function component.Choose the core function of steam turbine
Component capabilities design parameter: elasticity modulus, modulus of shearing, density, installation value and the blade height of blade, the density and work of wheel disc
Make revolving speed, the density of rotor, elasticity modulus, Poisson's ratio, bearing rigidity deviation, span changing value；Select core in steam turbine
The thermodynamic property design parameter of functional component, determines its distribution pattern and its parameter value；Determine each performance design parameter distribution
Type and parameter value, the present embodiment use but are not limited to normal distribution.The set of core functional components performance design parameter composition
For independent variable X, it is shown below:
X={ Xy, Xl, Xz}
={ EY,, GY,, ρY,, bY,, hY,, ρl, nl, ρz, Ez, vz, gz, kz}
Wherein, Xy, Xl, XzRespectively Blade Properties design parameter collection, wheel disc performance design parameter set, rotor performance design
Parameter set；EY,For the elasticity modulus of seven grade blades, the present embodiment is by elasticity modulus distribution, therefore the springform of each grade blade
Amount is not quite similar, such as EY, 1Indicate the elasticity modulus of the first grade blade, and so on；GY,For the modulus of shearing of seven grade blades,
ρY,For the density of seven grade blades, bY,For the installation value of seven grade blades, hY,For the blade height of seven grade blades, ρlFor wheel disc
Density, nlFor the revolving speed of rotor, ρzFor the density of rotor, EzFor the elasticity modulus of rotor, vzFor the Poisson's ratio of rotor, gzFor rotor
Bearing rigidity deviation kzFor the span changing value of rotor.
Step 2.2, using Monte Carlo Method, each performance design parameter several groups are extracted, the present embodiment is to extract 500
It is illustrated for group, calculates separately the stress and vibration frequency of the corresponding core functional components of 500 groups of performance design parameters, counted
Calculation method is as follows:
Step 2.2.1, the molded line data calculated based on thermodynamic property, aerodynamic data and each sectional position, calculating are examined
Consider the total stress of each blade profile admission after nature reverses, outlet point and back, more each section admission, outlet point and back
The total stress size in portion selects the maximum section of total stress as dangerouse cross-section, and compare dangerouse cross-section admission, outlet point and
The total stress of back three selects the stress of total stress maximum position as maximum stress.
Step 2.2.2, calculates intrinsic frequency using energy method, calculates each rank vibration frequency using pilkey model, according to
The intrinsic frequency of steam turbine judges Dangerous Frequency, selects the vibration frequency order closest to intrinsic frequency as Dangerous Frequency.
Pstress={ PStress, y, PStress, l, PStress, z}
Wherein, PstressFor strength character, including oscillation intensity and/or fatigue strength, PStress, y, PStress, l, PStress, z
The respectively strength character of blade, wheel disc and rotor.
PStress, y=f1(Xy)
PStress, l=f2(Xl)
PStress, z=f3(Xz)
Step 2.3, each functional component distribution pattern and parameter are determined: according to 500 groups of Dangerous Frequencies, the meter of maximum total stress
It calculates as a result, calculate its mean value and variance, determines the vibration frequency of each functional component of steam turbine, the distribution pattern of stress and specific
Parameter, the present embodiment uses but is not limited to normal distribution, and calculates the stress nargin of core functional components and rate is avoided in vibration.
Step 3, fail-safe analysis calculates
Step 3.1, each functional component Calculation of Reliability of steam turbine；
Step 3.1.1 calculates its resonant frequency according to the working speed of steam turbine, according to blade, wheel disc and rotor
Material obtains its fatigue strength limit, and the failure rate of each attachment function component can then predict according to handbook and, as steam
The basis of each functional component fail-safe analysis of turbine.The collection of attachment function unit failure rate composition is combined into independent variable Y.
Y={ λspring, λbolt, λmotor, λseal}
Wherein, λspringFor the failure rate of spring, λboltFor the failure rate of bolt connection piece, λmotorFor the failure rate of motor,
λsealFor the failure rate of sealing element.
Step 3.1.2 interferes relationship founding mathematical models using working frequency-resonant frequency, and obtain blade vibration can
By property, the fatigue reliability of blade is obtained using stress-strength interference relationship founding mathematical models, according to the vibration of blade with it is tired
The relationship of labor reliability, the comprehensive dependability parameter for obtaining each grade blade；For the reliability of wheel disc and rotor, stress-is utilized
Strength Interference relationship establishes the reliability model of wheel disc and rotor.
Ry=g1(PStress, y)
Rl=g2(PStress, l)
Rz=g3(PStress, z)
Wherein, R is reliability, g1, g2, g3For different mapping rules, PStress, y, PStress, l, PStress, zRespectively leaf
The strength character of piece, wheel disc and rotor.
Step 3.1.3 utilizes reliability-failure rate model according to the failure-rate data of steam turbine attachment function component
Calculate attachment function part reliability parameter.
Each attachment function components reliability are as follows:
Rspring=g4(λspring)
Rbolt=g4(λbolt)
Rmotor=g4(λmotor)
Rseal=g4(λseal)
Wherein, R is reliability；g4To map rule, four attachment function components use identical mapping relations.
Step 3.2, steam turbine system Calculation of Reliability；
Step 3.2.1 considers the physical relation and work relationship of each functional component in steam turbine, it is each to provide steam turbine
The system engineering figure of functional component interaction relationship, as shown in Figure 2.
Step 3.2.2 establishes steam turbine system reliability block diagram model, such as referring to the system engineering figure of steam turbine
Shown in Fig. 3, steam turbine system Reliable Mathematics model is obtained, as follows:
Wherein, RsystemFor the system dependability of steam turbine；RyFor the reliability of blade；RlFor the reliability of wheel disc；Rz
For the reliability of shaft；RspringFor the reliability of spring；RboltFor the reliability of bolt connection piece；RmotorFor the reliable of motor
Degree；RsealFor the reliability of sealing element；X is the set of the performance design parameter of core functional components；Y is attachment function component
The set of crash rate.
The reliability of each functional component is substituted into reliability models, steam turbine is calculated by step 3.2.3
System dependability.
The system dependability being calculated is compared by step 3.2.4 with steam turbine reliability design index, such as full
The reliability design index request of sufficient steam turbine, then complete the Integrated design between performance and reliability of steam turbine；If discontented
Foot then needs to return to thermodynamic property design, adjusts key design parameter.It should be noted that steam turbine reliability is set
Meter index MTBF should meet GJB1371 and be required using availability, and the steam turbine service life obeys exponential distribution rule, after can must converting
Reliability.
Optimization aim: Rsystem≥Rdesign
Constraint condition: Pstress≥Pdesign
Wherein, RdesignFor steam turbine reliability design index；
PdesignFor steam turbine performance design index.
Step 4, critical function component key parameter is analyzed: calculating each functional component to steam turbine system reliability shadow
Loud significance level determines that the calculation formula of key feature is as follows:
Wherein, i is blade, wheel disc, rotor, spring, bolt connection piece, motor or sealing element.
It selects the maximum functional component of significance level as critical function component, calculates the various performances of critical function component
Influence of the design parameter to its reliability selects most important performance design parameter to join as the key Design of the functional component
Number, the influence according to key design parameter to thermodynamics and strength character determine the adjustment direction and size of key design parameter.
Step 5, thermodynamic property, strength character and reliability are optimized；By key design parameter weight adjusted
It is new to substitute into thermodynamics and strength character calculating, thermodynamic Design calculating, Calculation of Strength Design and calculation of reliability design are repeated,
Compared with being required again with steam turbine design objective, continuous loop iteration, until system reliability meets index request.When circulation changes
After generation is multiple, if system reliability cannot be made to meet the requirements always, manual decision need to be carried out.In the present embodiment, circulation changes
The number in generation is five times.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of steam turbine Integrated design between performance and reliability method, it is characterised in that: the following steps are included:
Step 1, the technical specification and its number value or range for determining steam turbine, calculate the flow passage component thermodynamics of steam turbine
Can, obtain the power of flow passage component, material parameter, molded line data and the aerodynamic force of efficiency, declared working condition and 20% declared working condition
Data；Wherein, technical specification number value or range be steam turbine power, revolving speed, operating condition, main steam pressure, temperature, throttle flow,
The value or value range of ahead stage number and the steam consumption；
Step 2, functional component is divided into core functional components and attachment function component, determines core functional components performance design
The distribution pattern and its parameter value of parameter；
Step 3, each performance design parameter several groups are extracted using Monte Carlo simulation method, according to the molded line data of flow passage component
With aerodynamic data, calculates separately the stress of the corresponding core functional components of each performance design parameter and vibration frequency and calculate tool
Body distribution parameter；
Step 4, the corresponding reliability of each performance design parameter is calculated using Stress-Strength Interference Model；According to each performance design
Parameters relationship obtains the reliability model of each core functional components and calculates the reliability of each core functional components；In conjunction with reliable
Property-failure rate model and each attachment function unit failure rate data, calculate the reliability of each attachment function component；
Step 5, in conjunction with the design feature and work relationship of each functional component of steam turbine, each functional component of steam turbine is obtained
System engineering figure establishes steam turbine system reliability model and computing system reliability；
Step 6, by the system dependability being calculated compared with design objective；If meeting the requirements, the property of steam turbine is completed
It can be with reliability integrated design；If being unsatisfactory for requiring, needs to return to the thermodynamic property design phase, adjust key Design
Parameter；
Wherein, key design parameter includes elasticity modulus, modulus of shearing, density, installation value and height, the density of wheel disc of blade
And density, elasticity modulus, Poisson's ratio, bearing rigidity deviation and the span changing value of working speed and rotor.
2. steam turbine Integrated design between performance and reliability method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: adjustment is closed
Key design parameter detailed process are as follows:
Each functional component is calculated to the significance level of steam turbine system reliability effect, selects the maximum function part of different degree
Part, calculates each performance design parameter to the significance level of the reliability effect of the maximum functional component of the different degree, will most
Important performance design parameter is set to the key design parameter of the functional component, probes into key design parameter to thermodynamics and intensity
The influence of performance determines the adjustment direction and size of key design parameter；
By key design parameter adjusted substitute into again thermodynamic property, strength character calculate in, repeat thermodynamic Design meter
Calculation, Calculation of Strength Design and calculation of reliability design, then compared with the requirement of steam turbine design objective；If meeting design objective to want
It asks, then completes Integrated design between performance and reliability；If not satisfied, then continuous loop iteration, until steam turbine reliability is full
Until sufficient index request.
3. steam turbine Integrated design between performance and reliability method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the step
In rapid 3, specific distribution parameter is calculated using normal distribution, logarithm normal distribution or Weibull distribution.
4. steam turbine Integrated design between performance and reliability method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the step
In rapid 3, using the stress of the corresponding core functional components of each performance design parameter of Finite element arithmetic, using energy method and
Pilkey model calculates the intrinsic frequency and each rank vibration frequency of the corresponding core functional components of each performance design parameter.
5. steam turbine Integrated design between performance and reliability method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the skill
Art specification includes steam turbine power, revolving speed, operating condition, main steam pressure, temperature, throttle flow, ahead stage number and the steam consumption.
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