CN106017407B - The formation displacement measuring equipment and method for measurement of a kind of apparent and internal measurement of combination - Google Patents
The formation displacement measuring equipment and method for measurement of a kind of apparent and internal measurement of combination Download PDFInfo
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- CN106017407B CN106017407B CN201610289659.2A CN201610289659A CN106017407B CN 106017407 B CN106017407 B CN 106017407B CN 201610289659 A CN201610289659 A CN 201610289659A CN 106017407 B CN106017407 B CN 106017407B
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- outer tube
- soil body
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C5/00—Measuring height; Measuring distances transverse to line of sight; Levelling between separated points; Surveyors' levels
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- Testing Or Calibration Of Command Recording Devices (AREA)
- Excavating Of Shafts Or Tunnels (AREA)
- Investigation Of Foundation Soil And Reinforcement Of Foundation Soil By Compacting Or Drainage (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses the formation displacement measuring equipment and method for measurement of a kind of apparent and internal measurement of combination, the device includes chamber, the colored soil body, measurement system and tunnel excavation simulator；Chamber is to visualize tempered glass case, the built-in chromatic colour soil body of chamber；Tunnel excavation simulator includes drawing instrument, inner and outer tubes；Measurement system includes sedimentation component, displacement sensor, data collecting instrument and computer；The present invention produces Stratum Loss by discharging land movement and is excavated come simulation tunnel, and the direct monitoring of formation displacement at different buried depth is realized by laying colored soil layer in transparent tempered glass case.Since the present invention passes through the measurement to experiment casing inside formation displacement, the displacement of each measuring point in outer tube drawing process has been obtained with the relation of drilling depth, and then the functional relation of each measuring point displacement and outer tube left end position is determined, the tentative prediction of the possible follow-up developments of colored soil movement at babinet edge can be realized using the functional relation.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to colleges and universities' experimental modelling and the soil test field of scientific research, particularly a kind of formation displacement measures
Device and method for measurement.
Background technology
In tunnel excavation work progress, the tunnel upper soil body is influenced be subject to excavation disturbance, produces certain sedimentation position
Move, bring certain damage to building in earth's surface and ground, influence its normal use, to probe into stratum position under the conditions of constructing tunnel
The settlement law of shifting, laboratory test are most important.The measurement in laboratory test on formation displacement is carried out using instrument more at present
Measure indirectly, and certain error is brought since the pertinent instruments of embedment inevitably have an impact the soil body, and X-ray and nuclear-magnetism are total to
The technology of formation displacement can directly be observed by shaking etc., because of the technology that its required expensive instrument expense and difficulty are larger, fail by
Extensive use.Therefore, find it is a kind of cheap and easy can intuitively observe varying law of soil displacement, while again can be exactly
The experimental rig and method for fitting formation displacement subsidence curve have great importance.
The content of the invention
To solve the above problem existing in the prior art, the present invention, which will design one kind, can intuitively observe land movement change
Law, and the formation displacement measuring equipment and its method for measurement of formation displacement subsidence curve can be fitted exactly.
To achieve these goals, technical scheme is as follows：A kind of stratum position of the apparent and internal measurement of combination
Move measuring equipment, including chamber, the colored soil body, measurement system and tunnel excavation simulator；
The chamber is visualization tempered glass case, and glass box band bottom is simultaneously open, and pre- on two opposite walls
Drilling hole, " recessed " shape stainless steel sliding slot is set on the outside of the wall, for installing glass baffle plate outside the periphery of hole；The experiment
Four walls of case have the dimension line of accurate scale；
The built-in chromatic colour soil body of the chamber, the top layer of the colored soil body are less than the opening face of chamber；
The colored soil body placement in layers is in the reference mark in chamber, monitored as soil movement subsidence curve；
The tunnel excavation simulator includes drawing instrument, inner and outer tubes；The block of the inner tube simulation tunnel
Lining, outer tube simulate the shield shell of shield machine；The inner and outer tubes nest together, and are horizontally arranged in the hole of chamber；
Gap is left between the inner and outer tubes, both ends are sealed with foam ring；The inner tube runs through babinet, left end and chamber
On glass baffle plate immediately, right end stretch out chamber outside；The outer tube left end is stretched out away from chamber left wall 10-30cm, right end
The outer 20cm of chamber；Circumferentially uniformly distributed round, the drawing instrument are connected to outer tube to outer tube right end extension by rope
Circular hole on；The outer tube has scale mark axially outside；
The measurement system includes sedimentation component, displacement sensor, data collecting instrument and computer；The sedimentation group
Part have it is multiple, respectively in the colored soil body more than outer tube, below colored soil body top layer, the upper end of the sedimentation component with
Displacement sensor connects；The displacement sensor is arranged on colored soil body top layer；The displacement sensor passes through data
Line is connected with data collecting instrument, and the data collecting instrument is connected with computer.
Further, the hole height that four walls are set in the chamber is different, and hole diameter is bigger than outer pipe outside diameter
0.1-0.2mm。
Further, installation in " recessed " the shape stainless steel sliding slot set on the outside of the chamber wall outside the periphery of hole
Glass baffle plate.
Further, the sedimentation component is made of threaded metal bar, smooth casing and plastic plate, screw thread gold
The outside for belonging to bar is cased with smooth casing, and its underpart is fixed on plastic plate, and its upper part is connected with displacement sensor.
Further, the outer tube is pvc pipe or steel pipe, and the inner tube is pvc pipe or steel pipe, the smooth set
Manage as pvc pipe or copper pipe.
Further, the colored soil body has the characteristic identical with experiment soil.
A kind of method for measurement of the formation displacement measuring equipment of the apparent and internal measurement of combination, comprises the following steps：
A, the placement in layers colour soil body；
During the colored soil body loads, by experiment demand by the soil body placement in layers of different colour-codeds to installation in advance
In the chamber of good tunnel excavation simulator, make the mark layer of the different colored soil bodys and corresponding size scale on experiment tank wall
Intact coincidence, observation and record for different colored soil movements；
B, the measurement system of colored inside soil body is laid；
Monitoring surface position and measuring point landfill depth are determined according to experiment demand, measuring point landfill depth is filled in the colored soil body
Sedimentation component is laid during position, the colored soil body, which fills, to be finished, and displacement sensor is connected to the top of sedimentation component, and by displacement
Sensor is connected to computer through data collecting instrument；
C, the excavation of simulation tunnel；
By the uniform drawing outer tube of drawing instrument, land movement, the Stratum Loss of generation are progressively discharged with uniform drilling depth
The digging process of simulation tunnel.
D, the processing of test data；
The processing of test data includes babinet edge colour soil movement and box house land movement, and specific steps are such as
Under：
D1, selection can reflect the array measuring point of experiment casing edge colour solum settlement curve overall profile, according to experiment
Size scale on tank wall, measures the coordinate of each layer measuring point, and each measuring point coordinate input data fitting software origin is obtained
Accurate matched curve；
D2, extraction displacement sensor collection each drilling depth after displacement data, make each layer measuring point displacement on into
The time-history curves of ruler, i.e., each measuring point displacement and the functional relation S of outer tube left end positioni=fi(y)；Y is outer tube left end in formula
The horizontal distance of section where position and measuring point, drawing direction are forward direction, and measuring point position is origin, SiFor measuring point i
Displacement, fi(y) displacement for measuring point i and the functional relation of outer tube left end position, i is different measuring point label；
D3, utilize above-mentioned function fi(y), the distance of section and hole place glass according to where outer tube left end, predicts
The displacement S of edge colour soil layeri=fi(y).Prediction result and the observation curve described in step D1 are compared and analyzed, and
Measurement is modified using the line style of observation curve.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the advantages that：
1st, due to the present invention by discharge land movement produce Stratum Loss come simulation tunnel excavate, by transparent steel
Changing the colored soil layer of laying in glass box realizes the direct monitoring of formation displacement at different buried depth.
2nd, since the present invention is by the measurement to experiment casing inside formation displacement, obtained respectively surveying in outer tube drawing process
The displacement of point and then determines the functional relation of each measuring point displacement and outer tube left end position, utilizes this with the relation of drilling depth
Functional relation can realize the tentative prediction of the possible follow-up developments of colored soil movement at babinet edge.
3rd, since the present invention is indirect with reference to the apparent observation of babinet edge formation displacement and the formation displacement of box house
Measure, carry out the amendment in certain line style and error to measurement by observed result, meanwhile, utilize measurement institute body
Rule in existing time-histories, can also realize the follow-up prediction of observation.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structure diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the sedimentation component structure diagram of the present invention.
In figure：1st, chamber, 2, dimension line, 3, outer tube, 4, inner tube, 5, colored soil body top layer, 6, the colored soil body, 7, displacement
Sensor, 8, data collecting instrument, 9, computer, 10, threaded metal bar, 11, smooth casing, 12, plastic plate.
Embodiment
The features of the present invention is further illustrated with specific embodiment below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings：As shown in Figs. 1-2, it is a kind of to combine
The formation displacement measuring equipment of apparent and internal measurement, including chamber 1, the colored soil body 6, measurement system and tunnel excavation simulation
Device；
The chamber 1 is visualization tempered glass case, and glass box band bottom is simultaneously open, and pre- on two opposite walls
Drilling hole, " recessed " shape stainless steel sliding slot is set on the outside of the wall, for installing glass baffle plate outside the periphery of hole；The experiment
Four walls of case 1 have the dimension line 2 of accurate scale；
The built-in chromatic colour soil body 6 of the chamber, the top layer of the colored soil body 6 are less than the opening face of chamber；
In in chamber 1, the reference as the monitoring of soil movement subsidence curve is marked for 6 placement in layers of the colored soil body
Will；
The tunnel excavation simulator includes drawing instrument, inner tube 4 and outer tube 3；4 simulation tunnel of inner tube
Lining-up, outer tube 3 simulate the shield shell of shield machine；The inner tube 4 and outer tube 3 nests together, and is horizontally arranged at the hole of chamber
In hole；Gap is left between the inner tube 4 and outer tube 3, both ends are sealed with foam ring；The inner tube 4 runs through babinet, left end
With the glass baffle plate in chamber 1 immediately, right end is stretched out outside chamber；3 left end of outer tube is away from chamber left wall 10-
30cm, right end stretch out the outer 20cm of chamber；Circumferentially uniformly distributed round, the drawing instrument pass through 3 right end extension of outer tube
Rope is connected on the circular hole of outer tube 3；The outer tube 3 has scale mark axially outside；
The measurement system includes sedimentation component, displacement sensor 7, data collecting instrument 8 and computer 9；Described is heavy
Part of coming down to a lower group have it is multiple, respectively in the colored soil body 6 below 5 of outer tube more than 3, colored soil body top layer, the sedimentation component
Upper end be connected with displacement sensor 7；The displacement sensor 7 is arranged on colored soil body top layer 5；The displacement sensing
Device 7 is connected by data cable with data collecting instrument 8, and the data collecting instrument 8 is connected with computer 9.
Further, the hole height that four walls are set in the chamber 1 is different, and hole diameter is bigger than 3 outside diameter of outer tube
0.1-0.2mm。
Further, peace in " recessed " the shape stainless steel sliding slot set on the outside of 1 wall of chamber outside the periphery of hole
Glaze baffle.
Further, the sedimentation component is made of threaded metal bar 10, smooth casing 11 and plastic plate 12, described
The outside of threaded metal bar 10 is cased with smooth casing 11, and its underpart is fixed on plastic plate 12, and its upper part connects with displacement sensor 7
Connect.
Further, the outer tube 3 is pvc pipe or steel pipe, and the inner tube 4 is pvc pipe or steel pipe, and described is smooth
Casing 11 is pvc pipe or copper pipe.
Further, the colored soil body 6 has the characteristic identical with experiment soil.
A kind of measuring method of the formation displacement measuring equipment of the apparent and internal measurement of combination, comprises the following steps：
A, the placement in layers colour soil body 6；
During the colored soil body 6 loads, by experiment demand by the soil body placement in layers of different colour-codeds to peace in advance
Install in the chamber 1 of tunnel excavation simulator, make the mark layer of the different colored soil bodys 6 and corresponding ruler on 1 wall of chamber
The very little intact coincidence of scale, observation and record for different colored soil movements；
B, the measurement system inside the colored soil body 6 is laid；
Monitoring surface position and measuring point landfill depth are determined according to experiment demand, it is deep to fill measuring point landfill in the colored soil body 6
Sedimentation component is laid when spending position, the colored soil body 6, which fills, to be finished, and displacement sensor 7 is connected to the top of sedimentation component, and will
Displacement sensor 7 is connected to computer 9 through data collecting instrument 8；
C, the excavation of simulation tunnel；
By the uniform drawing outer tube 3 of drawing instrument, land movement, the Stratum Loss of generation are progressively discharged with uniform drilling depth
The digging process of simulation tunnel.
D, the processing of test data；
The processing of test data includes babinet edge colour soil movement and box house land movement, and specific steps are such as
Under：
D1, selection can reflect the array measuring point of 1 body edge colour solum settlement curve overall profile of chamber, according to experiment
Size scale on 1 wall of case, measures the coordinate of each layer measuring point, and each measuring point coordinate input data fitting software origin is obtained
To accurate matched curve；
D2, extraction displacement sensor 7 gather each drilling depth after displacement data, make each layer measuring point displacement on into
The time-history curves of ruler, i.e., each measuring point displacement and the functional relation S of 3 left end position of outer tubei=fi(y)；Y is left for outer tube 3 in formula
The horizontal distance of section where holding position and measuring point, drawing direction are forward direction, and measuring point position is origin, SiFor measuring point
The displacement of i, fi(y) displacement for measuring point i and the functional relation of 3 left end position of outer tube, i is different measuring point label；
D3, utilize above-mentioned function fi(y), the distance of section and hole place glass according to where 3 left end of outer tube, predicts
The displacement S of edge colour soil layeri=fi(y).Prediction result and the observation curve described in step D1 are compared and analyzed, and
Measurement is modified using the line style of observation curve.
Claims (7)
- A kind of 1. formation displacement measuring equipment of the apparent and internal measurement of combination, it is characterised in that：Including chamber (1), colour The soil body (6), measurement system and tunnel excavation simulator；The chamber (1) is visualization tempered glass case, and glass box band bottom is simultaneously open and prefabricated on two opposite walls Hole, " recessed " shape stainless steel sliding slot is set on the outside of the wall, for installing glass baffle plate outside the periphery of hole；The chamber (1) four walls have the dimension line (2) of accurate scale；The built-in chromatic colour soil body (6) of the chamber, the top layer of the colored soil body (6) are less than the opening face of chamber；The colored soil body (6) placement in layers is in chamber (1), the reference mark as the monitoring of soil movement subsidence curve Will；The tunnel excavation simulator includes drawing instrument, inner tube (4) and outer tube (3)；Described inner tube (4) simulation tunnel Lining-up, outer tube (3) simulate shield machine shield shell；The inner tube (4) and outer tube (3) nests together, and is horizontally arranged at examination In the hole of tryoff；Gap is left between the inner tube (4) and outer tube (3), both ends are sealed with foam ring；The inner tube (4) babinet is run through, with the glass baffle plate in chamber (1) immediately, right end stretches out outside chamber left end；The outer tube (3) is left Away from chamber left wall 10-30cm, right end stretches out the outer 20cm of chamber at end；Outer tube (3) right end extension circumferentially uniformly distributed round, The drawing instrument is connected to by rope on the circular hole of outer tube (3)；The outer tube (3) has graduated scale axially outside Note；The measurement system includes sedimentation component, displacement sensor (7), data collecting instrument (8) and computer (9)；Described Sedimentation component have it is multiple, it is described respectively more than outer tube (3), in the colored soil body (6) of colored soil body top layer (5) below The upper end of sedimentation component is connected with displacement sensor (7)；The displacement sensor (7) is arranged on colored soil body top layer (5)； The displacement sensor (7) is connected by data cable with data collecting instrument (8), the data collecting instrument (8) and computer (9) connect.
- A kind of 2. formation displacement measuring equipment of the apparent and internal measurement of combination according to claim 1, it is characterised in that： The hole height that four walls are set in the chamber (1) is different, and hole diameter is bigger 0.1-0.2mm than outer tube (3) outside diameter.
- A kind of 3. formation displacement measuring equipment of the apparent and internal measurement of combination according to claim 1, it is characterised in that： Installation glass baffle plate in " recessed " the shape stainless steel sliding slot set on the outside of described chamber (1) wall outside the periphery of hole.
- A kind of 4. formation displacement measuring equipment of the apparent and internal measurement of combination according to claim 1, it is characterised in that： The sedimentation component is made of threaded metal bar (10), smooth casing (11) and plastic plate (12), the threaded metal bar (10) outside is cased with smooth casing (11), and its underpart is fixed on plastic plate (12), and its upper part connects with displacement sensor (7) Connect.
- A kind of 5. formation displacement measuring equipment of the apparent and internal measurement of combination according to claim 4, it is characterised in that： The outer tube (3) is pvc pipe or steel pipe, and the inner tube (4) is pvc pipe or steel pipe, and the smooth casing (11) is PVC Pipe or copper pipe.
- A kind of 6. formation displacement measuring equipment of the apparent and internal measurement of combination according to claim 1, it is characterised in that： The colored soil body (6) has the characteristic identical with experiment soil.
- A kind of 7. method for measurement of the formation displacement measuring equipment of the apparent and internal measurement of combination, it is characterised in that：Including following Step：A, the placement in layers colour soil body (6)；During the colored soil body (6) loads, by experiment demand by the soil body placement in layers of different colour-codeds to installation in advance In the chamber (1) of good tunnel excavation simulator, make the mark layer of the different colored soil bodys (6) corresponding on chamber (1) wall The intact coincidence of size scale, observation and record for different colored soil movements；B, the internal measurement system of the colored soil body (6) is laid；Monitoring surface position and measuring point landfill depth are determined according to experiment demand, measuring point landfill depth is filled in the colored soil body (6) Sedimentation component is laid during position, the colored soil body (6), which is filled, to be finished, and displacement sensor (7) is connected to the top of sedimentation component, and Displacement sensor (7) is connected to computer (9) through data collecting instrument (8)；C, the excavation of simulation tunnel；By the uniform drawing outer tube (3) of drawing instrument, land movement, the Stratum Loss mould of generation are progressively discharged with uniform drilling depth Intend the digging process in tunnel；D, the processing of test data；The processing of test data includes babinet edge colour soil movement and box house land movement, comprises the following steps that：D1, selection can reflect the array measuring point of chamber (1) body edge colour solum settlement curve overall profile, according to chamber (1) size scale on wall, measures the coordinate of each layer measuring point, and each measuring point coordinate input data fitting software origin is obtained To accurate matched curve；Displacement data after each drilling depth that D2, extraction displacement sensor (7) gather, makes each layer measuring point displacement on drilling depth Time-history curves, i.e., the functional relation S of each measuring point displacement and outer tube (3) left end positioni=fi(y)；Y is outer tube (3) in formula The horizontal distance of section where left end position and measuring point, drawing direction are forward direction, and measuring point position is origin, SiTo survey The displacement of point i, fi(y) displacement for measuring point i and the functional relation of outer tube (3) left end position, i is different measuring point mark Number；D3, utilize above-mentioned function fi(y), the distance of section and hole place glass according to where outer tube (3) left end, predicts side The displacement S of edge colour soil layeri=fi(y)；Prediction result and the matched curve described in step D1 are compared and analyzed, and profit Measurement is modified with the line style of matched curve.
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