WO2021035815A1

WO2021035815A1 - Electric energy full-hydrogen flash reduction direct steelmaking system and process

Info

Publication number: WO2021035815A1
Application number: PCT/CN2019/105677
Authority: WO
Inventors: 李明明; 杨星; 李琳; 邹宗树; 邵磊; ***
Original assignee: 东北大学
Priority date: 2019-08-30
Filing date: 2019-09-12
Publication date: 2021-03-04
Also published as: CN110423854B; CN110423854A

Abstract

An electric energy full-hydrogen flash reduction direct steelmaking system and process. The system comprises an electrolytic water hydrogen production device, a cyclone flash reduction furnace, an electric heating melting furnace, and a tail gas post-treatment device. The process is as follows: hydrogen serving as reducing gas and oxygen are prepared by water electrolysis; the oxygen and steelmaking powder are sprayed into the cyclone flash reduction furnace, and meanwhile, the hydrogen is blown into the lower part thereof; the gas and solid phases undergo a reduction reaction at 500-1500°C during the countercurrent movement in the cyclone furnace to obtain pre-reduced iron powder/iron droplets having a metallization ratio greater than 80% which enter the electric heating melting furnace for melting; the hydrogen is blown into the bottom of the electric heating melting furnace to be stirred and molten for final reduction, and continuous steelmaking is carried out; tail gas is reduced and molten, and the power is pre-heated/pre-reduced, and dust removal purification is carried out; the tail gas is purified, the oxygen is preheated, and condensation separation is carried out; the hydrogen returns to the cyclone flash reduction furnace and condensed water returns to electrolytic water to produce hydrogen. The process completely utilizes electric energy for smelting without relying on fossil fuel, completely uses hydrogen as a reducing agent, and has no pollutant emission in the process, thereby realizing efficient and cyclic utilization of raw materials, and clean smelting.

Description

一种电能全氢闪速还原直接炼钢***及工艺Electric energy full hydrogen flash reduction direct steelmaking system and process

技术领域Technical field

本发明涉及冶金技术领域，特别涉及一种电能全氢闪速还原直接炼钢***及工艺。The invention relates to the technical field of metallurgy, in particular to a direct steelmaking system and process for electric energy full hydrogen flash reduction.

背景技术Background technique

烧结→高炉→转炉是目前粗钢生产的主要流程，该流程集烧结(或球团)、炼焦、高炉炼铁和转炉炼钢四个工艺环节，具有生产流程长、能耗高、强烈依赖化石燃料资源而对环境污染严重等缺点。在当前全球环境污染和资源、能源短缺问题愈演愈烈之际，实行节能减排、推行清洁生产已成为全球钢铁工业持续发展的必由之路。Sintering → blast furnace → converter is the main process of crude steel production at present. This process integrates four process links of sintering (or pelletizing), coking, blast furnace ironmaking and converter steelmaking. It has a long production process, high energy consumption, and a strong dependence on fossils. Fuel resources and serious environmental pollution and other shortcomings. At a time when global environmental pollution and resource and energy shortages are becoming more and more serious, the implementation of energy conservation and emission reduction and the implementation of cleaner production have become the only way for the sustainable development of the global steel industry.

针对传统高炉炼铁流程高污染、高能耗问题，熔融还原炼铁技术因可降低对造块、烧结、炼焦等高污染、高耗能工序的依赖，近年来得以发展，成为钢铁工业实现节能减排和清洁生产的重要技术途径，如COREX、FINEX和HIsarna等工艺。COREX法采用上部预还原竖炉进行铁矿预还原，得到金属化率为70％～90％的金属化球团(DRI)，然后将DRI送入下部熔化气化炉进行终还原。该工艺生产过程中仍需依靠块矿、球团矿、烧结矿和部分焦炭来维持炉况顺行。FINEX工艺以粉矿为原料，采用多级流化态反应器完成铁矿预还原，获得金属化率为90％左右的还原铁粉，还原铁粉和粉煤经热压块后作为炉料加入熔化气化炉进行熔融终还原。HIsarna工艺以粉矿为主要原料，采用旋风熔化炉对粉矿进行闪速熔炼，粉矿、熔剂、煤粉以氧气为载体沿炉体切线方向喷吹到旋风熔化炉内，粉矿在运动过程中被还原熔化，进而沿着炉壁流淌、滴落到熔融还原炉内进行终还原。In view of the high pollution and high energy consumption of the traditional blast furnace ironmaking process, smelting reduction ironmaking technology can reduce the dependence on high pollution and high energy consumption processes such as agglomeration, sintering, and coking. Important technological approaches for waste gas and cleaner production, such as COREX, FINEX and HIsarna processes. The COREX method uses the upper pre-reduction shaft furnace to perform the pre-reduction of iron ore to obtain metallized pellets (DRI) with a metallization rate of 70% to 90%, and then send the DRI to the lower melting gasifier for final reduction. In the production process of this process, lump ore, pellets, sintered ore and some coke are still needed to maintain the furnace condition. The FINEX process uses fine ore as the raw material, and uses a multi-stage fluidized reactor to complete the pre-reduction of iron ore to obtain reduced iron powder with a metallization rate of about 90%. The reduced iron powder and pulverized coal are heated to agglomerate and added as furnace charge for melting The gasification furnace performs smelting final reduction. The HIsarna process uses fine ore as the main raw material and uses a cyclone melting furnace to flash smelt the fine ore. The fine ore, flux, and coal powder are sprayed into the cyclone melting furnace along the tangential direction of the furnace body with oxygen as the carrier, and the fine ore is in motion. It is reduced and melted, and then flows along the furnace wall and drips into the smelting reduction furnace for final reduction.

专利CN101117650A提出熔融还原快速预还原细微铁矿粉的方法，将微米级铁矿粉在输送式反应器或快速流化床中580～750℃下预还原，预还原率为70％～85％的铁料经压块或喷粉导入熔融气化炉中进行终还原。专利CN102586527A提出一种氢碳熔融还原炼铁新工艺，铁矿粉经预热还原后，采用氢气和煤粉进行熔融还原。专利CN101906501A、CN101260448A、CN108374067A提出用粉矿和煤氧直接炼钢的工艺，铁矿粉经预还原后，与煤粉、氧气喷入炼钢炉内进行炼钢。Patent CN101117650A proposes a method of smelting reduction and rapid pre-reduction of fine iron ore powder. The micron-sized iron ore powder is pre-reduced in a conveyor reactor or a fast fluidized bed at 580-750°C, and the pre-reduction rate is 70%-85%. The iron material is introduced into the melting gasifier through briquetting or powder spraying for final reduction. Patent CN102586527A proposes a new process for hydrogen-carbon smelting reduction ironmaking. After iron ore powder is preheated and reduced, hydrogen and coal powder are used for smelting reduction. The patents CN101906501A, CN101260448A, and CN108374067A propose a direct steelmaking process using fine ore and coal oxygen. After pre-reduction, iron ore powder is sprayed with pulverized coal and oxygen into the steelmaking furnace for steelmaking.

综上所述，现阶段熔融还原炼铁/直接炼钢方法可在一定程度上实现钢铁生产的减排目标，然而其冶炼过程仍依赖煤基还原剂，还原过程温室气体和污染物排放量大，而且生产过程所需能源来源于化石燃料等不可再生资源，无法有效解决钢铁生产过程的能源消耗问题。In summary, the current smelting reduction/direct steelmaking method can achieve the emission reduction target of steel production to a certain extent, but its smelting process still relies on coal-based reductants, and the reduction process emits large amounts of greenhouse gases and pollutants. Moreover, the energy required for the production process comes from non-renewable resources such as fossil fuels, which cannot effectively solve the energy consumption problem in the steel production process.

2011年，德国联邦政府通过了第六能源研究计划-《面向环保、可靠和廉价的能源供应研究》，该研究正完美契合了冶金过程的能源消耗问题。在新兴能源的研究中，电能被放在了首要位置。电能的广泛应用可以在炼铁中很容易找到作为还原剂的碳的代替物质，即氢气。氢气可以通过电解水制备，而且还原铁氧化物后的产物是水，可以循环使用。目前，中核集团与清华大学、宝钢集团等相关单位，联合开展了核能制氢和氢能冶金结合的合作，而且“支持核能制氢与绿色冶金列入国家科技重大专项的建议”提案已经被提交。因此可以预见，在未来的发展中，电能氢冶金技术是实现钢铁工业清洁生产的重要技术途径，对冶金技术改革无疑是一种强有力的推动。In 2011, the German Federal Government passed the sixth energy research plan-"Environmentally friendly, reliable and cheap energy supply research", which perfectly fits the energy consumption problem of the metallurgical process. In the research of emerging energy, electric energy is put in the first place. The wide application of electric energy can easily find a substitute for carbon as a reducing agent in ironmaking, that is, hydrogen. Hydrogen can be produced by electrolysis of water, and the product after iron oxide reduction is water, which can be recycled. At present, China National Nuclear Corporation, Tsinghua University, Baosteel Group and other relevant units have jointly carried out cooperation on the combination of nuclear hydrogen production and hydrogen metallurgy, and the proposal of "supporting nuclear hydrogen production and green metallurgy to be included in major national science and technology projects" has been submitted . Therefore, it is foreseeable that in the future development, electric power hydrogen metallurgical technology is an important technical way to realize the clean production of the iron and steel industry, and it is undoubtedly a powerful impetus to the reform of metallurgical technology.

发明概述Summary of the invention

技术问题technical problem

问题的解决方案The solution to the problem

技术解决方案Technical solutions

本发明的技术任务是针对以上现有技术的不足，而提供一种电能全氢闪速还原直接炼钢***及工艺。The technical task of the present invention is to provide a direct steelmaking system and process for electric energy full hydrogen flash reduction in view of the above shortcomings of the prior art.

本发明一方面提供一种电能全氢闪速还原直接炼钢***，该***包括：电解水制氢装置、旋风闪速还原炉、电热熔分炉，以及尾气后处理设备，所述尾气后处理设备包括依次管道连接的预热/预还原装置、除尘净化装置及换热器；One aspect of the present invention provides a direct steelmaking system for electric energy full hydrogen flash reduction. The system includes: an electrolyzed water hydrogen production device, a cyclone flash reduction furnace, an electric melting furnace, and exhaust gas post-treatment equipment. The equipment includes a preheating/prereduction device, a dust removal and purification device and a heat exchanger connected by pipelines in sequence;

所述电解水制氢装置包括电解水制氢反应器、氢气储存罐和氧气储存罐，电解水制氢反应器通过管道与氢气储存罐和氧气储存罐相连；The electrolysis water hydrogen production device includes an electrolysis water hydrogen production reactor, a hydrogen storage tank and an oxygen storage tank, and the electrolysis water hydrogen production reactor is connected to the hydrogen storage tank and the oxygen storage tank through a pipeline;

所述旋风闪速还原炉顶部设有尾气出口，炉体上部设置有进料口，所述进料口下方设置有氢气喷嘴，所述氢气喷嘴通过管道与氢气储存罐连接，该旋风闪速还原炉底部与电热熔分炉连通；The top of the cyclone flash reduction furnace is provided with a tail gas outlet, the upper part of the furnace body is provided with a feed port, and a hydrogen nozzle is provided below the feed port. The hydrogen nozzle is connected to a hydrogen storage tank through a pipeline. The cyclone flash reduction The bottom of the furnace is connected with the electric melting furnace;

所述电热熔分炉设有电极、出钢口、出渣口和底吹元件，所述底吹元件通过管道连接氢气储存罐；The electric melting furnace is provided with an electrode, a steel tapping port, a slag tapping port and a bottom blowing element, and the bottom blowing element is connected to a hydrogen storage tank through a pipeline;

所述预热/预还原装置具有入气口、出气口、入料口、出料口，所述入气口与旋风闪速还原炉尾气出口连接，所述出气口连接除尘净化装置，所述入料口用于加入铁矿粉和熔剂粉剂，所述出料口通过进料管道与旋风闪速还原炉进料口连接；The preheating/pre-reduction device has an air inlet, an air outlet, a material inlet, and a material outlet. The air inlet is connected to the tail gas outlet of the cyclone flash reduction furnace, and the air outlet is connected to a dust removal and purification device. The port is used to add iron ore powder and flux powder, and the discharge port is connected to the feed port of the cyclone flash reduction furnace through a feed pipe;

所述除尘净化装置具有尾气入口、尾气出口以及除灰尘出料口，所述尾气入口连接预热/预还原装置，尾气出口与换热器连接，所述除尘灰出料口与进料管道连通；The dust removal and purification device has a tail gas inlet, a tail gas outlet, and a dust removal discharge port, the tail gas inlet is connected to a preheating/prereduction device, the tail gas outlet is connected to a heat exchanger, and the dust removal ash discharge port is connected to a feed pipe ；

所述换热器具有第一进气口、第一出气口、第二进气口、第二出气口，所述第一进气口与除尘净化装置尾气出口连接，所述第一出气口与氢气储存罐管道连接，所述第二进气口与氧气储存罐管道连接，所述第二出气口与进料管道连通；The heat exchanger has a first air inlet, a first air outlet, a second air inlet, and a second air outlet. The first air inlet is connected to the exhaust outlet of the dust removal and purification device, and the first air outlet is connected to The hydrogen storage tank is connected to the pipeline, the second air inlet is connected to the oxygen storage tank, and the second air outlet is connected to the feed pipeline;

所述氧气储存罐与换热器连接的管道上设有氧气流量调节阀，所述氢气储存罐与氢气喷嘴连接的管道上、以及氢气储存罐与电热熔分炉的底吹元件连接的管道上皆设有氢气流量调节阀。The pipeline connecting the oxygen storage tank and the heat exchanger is provided with an oxygen flow regulating valve, the hydrogen storage tank is connected to the hydrogen nozzle, and the hydrogen storage tank is connected to the bottom blowing element of the electric melting furnace. All are equipped with a hydrogen flow regulating valve.

进一步地，所述换热器底部还设有冷凝水出口，所述冷凝水出口与电解水制氢反应器的进水口连接。Further, the bottom of the heat exchanger is also provided with a condensed water outlet, and the condensed water outlet is connected to the water inlet of the electrolyzed water hydrogen production reactor.

进一步地，所述旋风闪速还原炉的进料口沿炉体正切向布置。Further, the feed inlet of the cyclone flash reduction furnace is arranged along the tangential direction of the furnace body.

进一步地，所述预热/预还原装置为单个或多个串联的流化床反应器，且该预热/预还原装置的入料口与铁矿粉进料斗和熔剂粉剂进料斗连通。Further, the preheating/prereduction device is a single or multiple fluidized bed reactors connected in series, and the inlet of the preheating/prereduction device is in communication with the iron ore powder feed hopper and the flux powder feed hopper. .

进一步地，所述底吹元件至少一个，可以是喷管或者透气砖中的任意一种。Further, at least one bottom blowing element may be any one of a nozzle or a breathable brick.

本发明另一方面提供一种基于上述***的电能全氢闪速还原直接炼钢工艺，该工艺包括如下步骤：Another aspect of the present invention provides a direct steelmaking process based on the above-mentioned system for electric energy full-hydrogen flash reduction. The process includes the following steps:

步骤1.将液态水加入电解水制氢装置，进行水电解得到纯净的氢气和氧气，所制得氢气纯度＞99％，氧气纯度＞99％，氢气通过管道输送到氢气储存罐，氧气通过管道输送到氧气储存罐； Step 1. Add liquid water to the electrolyzed water hydrogen production device, and perform water electrolysis to obtain pure hydrogen and oxygen. The purity of the hydrogen produced is >99%, and the purity of oxygen is >99%. The hydrogen is transported to the hydrogen storage tank through the pipeline, and the oxygen passes through the pipeline. Transport to the oxygen storage tank;

步骤2.氧气储存罐中的氧气进入换热器，得到预热的氧气；铁矿粉和熔剂粉剂进入预热/预还原装置，得到预热/预还原粉料；粉料与预热氧气一同喷入旋风闪速还原炉，同时从氢气喷嘴吹入氢气，控制还原炉内温度为500～1500℃；粉料与氢气在炉内逆流运动过程中发生还原反应，得到金属化率＞80％的预还原铁粉/铁滴和预还原尾气； Step 2. The oxygen in the oxygen storage tank enters the heat exchanger to obtain the preheated oxygen; the iron ore powder and the flux powder enter the preheating/prereduction device to obtain the preheating/prereduction powder; the powder and the preheating oxygen are together Inject into the cyclone flash reduction furnace, while blowing in hydrogen from the hydrogen nozzle, control the temperature in the reduction furnace to be 500-1500℃; the powder and hydrogen undergo a reduction reaction during the countercurrent movement in the furnace to obtain a metallization rate> 80% Pre-reduced iron powder/iron droplets and pre-reduced tail gas;

步骤3.旋风闪速还原炉内形成的预还原铁粉/铁滴沿炉壁旋转运动过程中因重力作用直接落入与其下部连通的电热熔分炉，控制电热熔分炉内温度为1550～1700℃，对预还原铁粉进行电热熔分；同时从电热熔分炉底部向熔池喷吹氢气，喷吹强度为0.01～0.5m ³/(tFe·min)，进行熔池搅拌和熔融终还原；进行连续炼钢过程，得到钢水、炉渣和熔炼尾气，熔渣和钢水分别从电热熔分炉出渣口、出钢口连续或间歇排出； Step 3. The pre-reduced iron powder/iron droplets formed in the cyclone flash reduction furnace fall directly into the electric melting furnace connected to the lower part due to gravity during the rotating movement along the furnace wall, and control the temperature in the electric melting furnace to 1550～ At 1700℃, the pre-reduced iron powder is electrothermally fused; at the same time, hydrogen is sprayed into the molten pool from the bottom of the electrothermal smelting furnace, and the blowing intensity is 0.01～0.5m ³ /(tFe·min), and the molten pool is stirred and melted. Reduction; continuous steelmaking process to obtain molten steel, slag and smelting tail gas, molten slag and molten steel are discharged continuously or intermittently from the slag tap and steel tap of the electric melting sub-furnace respectively;

步骤4.旋风闪速还原炉内产生的预还原尾气和电热熔分炉内的熔炼尾气从旋风闪速还原炉的尾气出口排出，首先高温尾气经过预热/预还原装置，利用余热预热/预还原铁矿粉和熔剂粉剂，降温后的尾气送入除尘净化装置，净化除尘后，得到净化尾气和除尘灰，除尘灰返回旋风闪速还原炉，净化尾气进入换热器，进行余热利用，预热氧气，同时降温冷凝后，分离出氢气和冷凝水，氢气通过管路输送到氢气储存罐，作为还原气返回到旋风闪速还原炉和电热熔分炉循环使用，冷凝水通过管路输送到电解水反应器进行电解，循环使用。Step 4. The pre-reduction tail gas generated in the cyclone flash reduction furnace and the smelting tail gas in the electric melting furnace are discharged from the tail gas outlet of the cyclone flash reduction furnace. First, the high-temperature tail gas passes through the preheating/pre-reduction device and uses the waste heat to preheat/ The iron ore powder and flux powder are pre-reduced, and the cooled tail gas is sent to the dust removal purification device. After purification and dust removal, purified tail gas and dust removal ash are obtained. The dust removal ash is returned to the cyclone flash reduction furnace, and the purified tail gas enters the heat exchanger for waste heat utilization. After preheating the oxygen, cooling and condensing at the same time, the hydrogen and condensed water are separated, and the hydrogen is transported to the hydrogen storage tank through the pipeline, and returned to the cyclone flash reduction furnace and the electric melting furnace as the reducing gas for recycling, and the condensate is transported through the pipeline To the electrolysis water reactor for electrolysis and recycling.

进一步地，所述熔剂粉剂为炼钢造渣料石灰、萤石、白云石中的一种或几种，所述铁矿粉全铁TFe含量为30～70wt％；铁矿粉及熔剂粉剂粒度均≤1000μm。Further, the flux powder is one or more of lime, fluorite, and dolomite as steelmaking slagging materials, and the total iron TFe content of the iron ore powder is 30-70wt%; the particle size of the iron ore powder and the flux powder Both are ≤1000μm.

进一步地，所述铁矿粉与氧气以质量比1∶(1～10)进入旋风闪速还原炉内。Further, the iron ore powder and oxygen enter the cyclone flash reduction furnace at a mass ratio of 1: (1-10).

进一步地，以电热熔分炉内熔渣的二元碱度为0.8～3.0的标准控制熔剂粉剂的加入量。Further, the addition amount of the flux powder is controlled according to the standard that the binary basicity of the slag in the electric melting furnace is 0.8-3.0.

进一步地，旋风闪速还原炉进料口吹入的氧气量与氢气喷嘴吹入的氢气量，体积之比为(1～10)∶100。Furthermore, the volume ratio of the amount of oxygen blown into the feed port of the cyclone flash reduction furnace and the amount of hydrogen blown into the hydrogen nozzle is (1-10):100.

本发明提出一种电能全氢闪速还原直接炼钢装置及工艺，该工艺以电解水反应器、旋风闪速还原炉、电热熔分炉为主体设备，利用电解水反应器制取还原气体氢气，同时得到附加气体氧气；氧气与含铁粉料从旋风炉上部进料口沿炉体切线方向喷吹到旋风闪速还原炉内，同时还原气体氢气从进料口下方吹入，部分氢气燃烧放热为炉内提供部分热量，气固两相在旋风闪速还原炉内逆流运动过程中发生还原反应，得到金属化率＞80％的预还原铁粉/铁滴；预还原铁粉/铁滴落入与旋风闪速还原炉底部连通的电热熔分炉，进行电热熔分，同时从电热熔分炉底部喷吹氢气进行熔池搅拌和熔炼终还原，实现连续炼钢，钢、渣分别从出钢口、出渣口排出；高温还原及熔炼尾气预热/预还原铁矿粉和熔剂粉剂，并经除尘净化后，除尘灰返回旋风闪速还原炉，净化尾气进入换热器，利用余热预热氧气/氢气，经冷却后分离得到冷凝水和氢气，冷凝水返回电解水***，氢气送入氢气储存罐，实现资源循环利用。新工艺使用全电能冶炼，避免了化石燃料等非可再生能源的使用，还原气完全使用氢气且循环利用，过程无污染，实现了原料的高效、循环利用及产品的清洁生产。The present invention provides a direct steelmaking device and process for electric energy full hydrogen flash reduction. The process uses an electrolyzed water reactor, a cyclone flash reduction furnace, and an electric melting furnace as the main equipment, and uses the electrolyzed water reactor to produce the reducing gas hydrogen. At the same time, additional gas oxygen is obtained; oxygen and iron-containing powder are sprayed from the upper feed port of the cyclone furnace into the cyclone flash reduction furnace along the tangential direction of the furnace body, while the reducing gas hydrogen is blown in from below the feed port, and part of the hydrogen is burned The exotherm provides part of the heat in the furnace, and the gas-solid two phases undergo a reduction reaction during the countercurrent movement in the cyclone flash reduction furnace to obtain pre-reduced iron powder/iron droplets with a metallization rate> 80%; pre-reduced iron powder/iron Drops into the electric melting furnace connected to the bottom of the cyclone flash reduction furnace for electric melting. At the same time, hydrogen is sprayed from the bottom of the electric melting furnace for molten pool stirring and smelting final reduction to achieve continuous steelmaking. Steel and slag are separated. It is discharged from the steel tap and slag outlet; high temperature reduction and smelting tail gas preheating/pre-reduction of iron ore powder and flux powder, and after dust removal and purification, the dust removal ash returns to the cyclone flash reduction furnace, and the purified tail gas enters the heat exchanger for use The waste heat preheats the oxygen/hydrogen, and the condensed water and hydrogen are separated after cooling. The condensed water is returned to the electrolysis water system, and the hydrogen is sent to the hydrogen storage tank to realize resource recycling. The new process uses all-electric smelting, avoiding the use of non-renewable energy sources such as fossil fuels. The reducing gas completely uses hydrogen and is recycled, and the process is pollution-free, realizing the high efficiency and recycling of raw materials and the clean production of products.

发明的有益效果The beneficial effects of the invention

有益效果Beneficial effect

现有方法相比，本发明具有以下有益效果：Compared with the existing methods, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

(1)与传统钢铁冶炼工艺相比，本发明完全采用电能作为冶炼过程供能，取代了煤等化石燃料这些非可再生资源；电能可由核能、太阳能、生物质能等可再生、清洁能源产生，有利于缓解能源短缺问题；(1) Compared with the traditional steel smelting process, the present invention completely uses electric energy as the energy for the smelting process, replacing non-renewable resources such as coal and other fossil fuels; electric energy can be generated by renewable and clean energy such as nuclear energy, solar energy, and biomass energy. , Is conducive to alleviating the problem of energy shortage;

(2)本发明完全采用氢气作为还原气体，氢气的导热系数远大于一氧化碳的导热系数，因此可加速气固两相对流换热，而且氢气的还原能力强于一氧化碳的还原能力，有利于获得高金属化率的还原铁粉；氢气还原产物为水蒸气，无CO ₂排放，水蒸气可返回到电解水制氢***，循环利用，不仅减轻环境负荷，而且可实现清洁生产； (2) The present invention completely uses hydrogen as the reducing gas. The thermal conductivity of hydrogen is much greater than that of carbon monoxide, so it can accelerate the heat exchange between gas and solid, and the reducing ability of hydrogen is stronger than that of carbon monoxide, which is beneficial to obtain high Reduced iron powder with metallization rate; the hydrogen reduction product is water vapor, no CO ₂ emission, and the water vapor can be returned to the electrolyzed water hydrogen production system for recycling, which not only reduces the environmental load, but also realizes clean production;

(3)本发明充分利用粉矿资源，摆脱了炼焦、烧结、造球等工序，不需要转炉脱碳，从而简化炼钢流程，而且有望改善传统冶炼工艺引起的高污染、高能耗问题；(3) The present invention makes full use of fine ore resources, gets rid of coking, sintering, pelletizing and other processes, does not require converter decarburization, thereby simplifying the steelmaking process, and is expected to improve the high pollution and high energy consumption problems caused by traditional smelting processes;

(4)本发明采用旋风闪速还原炉进行铁矿粉的预还原，铁矿粉在旋风闪速还原炉内沿炉壁做圆周旋转向下运动，可延长粉剂在炉内的停留时间及其与还原气体的接触时间，有利于提高还原率。(4) The present invention uses a cyclone flash reduction furnace to perform the pre-reduction of iron ore powder. The iron ore powder rotates downward along the furnace wall in the cyclone flash reduction furnace, which can extend the residence time of the powder in the furnace and its The contact time with the reducing gas is beneficial to increase the reduction rate.

对附图的简要说明Brief description of the drawings

附图说明Description of the drawings

图1是本发明所述***结构示意图；Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the system structure of the present invention;

附图标记：1-电解水制氢反应器，2-氢气储存罐，3-氧气储存罐，4-铁矿粉进料斗，5-熔剂粉剂进料斗，6-旋风闪速还原炉，7-电热熔分炉，8-旋风闪速还原炉氧气流量调节阀，9-旋风闪速还原炉氢气流量调节阀，10-电热熔分炉氢气流量调节阀，11-预热/预还原装置，12-除尘净化装置，13-换热器，14-进料管道；Reference signs: 1- Hydrogen production reactor by electrolysis of water, 2- Hydrogen storage tank, 3- Oxygen storage tank, 4- Iron ore powder feed hopper, 5- Flux powder feed hopper, 6- Cyclone flash reduction furnace, 7-Electric melting furnace, 8-cyclone flash reduction furnace oxygen flow control valve, 9-cyclone flash reduction furnace hydrogen flow control valve, 10-electric melting furnace hydrogen flow control valve, 11-preheating/pre-reduction device , 12-Dust removal and purification device, 13-heat exchanger, 14-feeding pipeline;

其中，旋风闪速还原炉包括：601-进料口，602-氢气喷嘴，603-尾气出口；Among them, the cyclone flash reduction furnace includes: 601-feeding port, 602-hydrogen nozzle, 603-exhaust gas outlet;

其中，电热熔分炉包括：701-电极，702-底吹元件，703-出钢口，704-出渣口；Among them, the electric melting furnace includes: 701-electrode, 702-bottom blowing element, 703-steel outlet, 704-slag outlet;

其中，换热器包括，1301-第一进气口，1302-第一出气口，1303-第二进气口，1304-第二出气口，1305-冷凝水出口；Among them, the heat exchanger includes, 1301-first air inlet, 1302-first air outlet, 1303-second air inlet, 1304-second air outlet, 1305-condensate water outlet;

A-铁矿粉，B-熔剂粉剂，C-液态水，D-氢气，E-氧气，F-炉渣，G-钢水，H-尾气，I-预热/预还原的粉料，J-降温含尘尾气，K-除尘灰；A-iron ore powder, B-flux powder, C-liquid water, D-hydrogen, E-oxygen, F-slag, G-molten steel, H-tail gas, I-preheating/pre-reduction powder, J-cooling Dust-containing exhaust gas, K-dust removal;

图2是本发明所述工艺流程图。Figure 2 is a process flow diagram of the present invention.

发明实施例Invention embodiment

本发明的实施方式Embodiments of the present invention

为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合附图及实施例，对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。In order to make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, the following further describes the present invention in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention, but not used to limit the present invention.

如图1所示，本发明提供一种电能全氢闪速还原直接炼钢***，该***包括：电解水制氢装置、旋风闪速还原炉、电热熔分炉，以及尾气后处理设备，所述尾气后处理设备包括依次管道连接的预热/预还原装置、除尘净化装置及换热器；As shown in Figure 1, the present invention provides a direct steelmaking system for electric energy full hydrogen flash reduction. The system includes: an electrolyzed water hydrogen production device, a cyclone flash reduction furnace, an electric melting furnace, and exhaust gas after-treatment equipment. The exhaust gas post-treatment equipment includes a pre-heating/pre-reduction device, a dust removal and purification device and a heat exchanger connected by pipelines in sequence;

所述电解水制氢装置包括电解水制氢反应器1、氢气储存罐2和氧气储存罐3，电解水制氢反应器通过管道与氢气储存罐和氧气储存罐相连；The electrolysis water hydrogen production device includes an electrolysis water hydrogen production reactor 1, a hydrogen storage tank 2 and an oxygen storage tank 3. The electrolysis water hydrogen production reactor is connected to the hydrogen storage tank and the oxygen storage tank through a pipeline;

所述旋风闪速还原炉6顶部设有尾气出口603，炉体上部设置有进料口601，所述进料口沿旋风闪速还原炉正切向布置，该进料口下方设置有氢气喷嘴602，所述氢气喷嘴通过管道与氢气储存罐连接，连接管道上设有氢气流量调节阀9，所述旋风闪速还原炉底部与电热熔分炉7连通；The top of the cyclone flash reduction furnace 6 is provided with a tail gas outlet 603, the upper part of the furnace body is provided with a feed port 601, the feed port is arranged along the tangential direction of the cyclone flash reduction furnace, and a hydrogen nozzle 602 is provided below the feed port , The hydrogen nozzle is connected to a hydrogen storage tank through a pipeline, a hydrogen flow regulating valve 9 is provided on the connecting pipeline, and the bottom of the cyclone flash reduction furnace is in communication with the electric melting sub-furnace 7;

所述电热熔分炉设有电极701、出钢口703、出渣口704和底吹元件702，所述出钢口设置在炉壁底部，所述出渣口设置在炉渣层下方，所述底吹元件通过管道连接氢气储存罐，连接管道上设有氢气流量调节阀10；The electric melting furnace is provided with an electrode 701, a tapping port 703, a slag tapping port 704, and a bottom blowing element 702. The tapping port is set at the bottom of the furnace wall, and the slag tapping port is set below the slag layer. The bottom blowing element is connected to the hydrogen storage tank through a pipeline, and a hydrogen flow regulating valve 10 is provided on the connecting pipeline;

所述预热/预还原装置11采用单个或多个串联的流化床反应器，具有入气口、出气口、入料口、出料口，所述入气口与旋风闪速还原炉尾气出口连接，所述出气口连接除尘净化装置12，所述入料口用于加入铁矿粉和熔剂粉剂，且该入料口与铁矿粉进料斗4和熔剂粉剂进料斗5连通，所述出料口通过进料管道14与旋风闪速还原炉进料口连接；The preheating/pre-reduction device 11 adopts a single or multiple fluidized bed reactors connected in series, and has an air inlet, an air outlet, a material inlet, and a material outlet, and the air inlet is connected to the tail gas outlet of the cyclone flash reduction furnace , The air outlet is connected to the dust removal and purification device 12, the inlet is used to add iron ore powder and flux powder, and the inlet is in communication with the iron ore powder feed hopper 4 and the flux powder feed hopper 5. The discharge port is connected to the feed port of the cyclone flash reduction furnace through the feed pipe 14;

所述除尘净化装置具有尾气入口、尾气出口以及除灰尘出料口，所述尾气入口连接预热/预还原装置，尾气出口与换热器13连接，所述除尘灰出料口与进料管道连通；The dust removal and purification device has a tail gas inlet, a tail gas outlet, and a dust removal discharge port. The tail gas inlet is connected to a preheating/prereduction device, the tail gas outlet is connected to the heat exchanger 13, and the dust removal ash discharge port is connected to a feed pipe Connected

所述换热器具有第一进气口1301、第一出气口1302、第二进气口1303、第二出气口1304，所述第一进气口与除尘净化装置尾气出口连接，所述第一出气口与氢气储存罐管道连接，所述第二进气口与氧气储存罐管道连接，连接管道上设有氧气流量调节阀8，所述第二出气口与进料管道连通。The heat exchanger has a first air inlet 1301, a first air outlet 1302, a second air inlet 1303, and a second air outlet 1304. The first air inlet is connected to the exhaust outlet of the dust removal and purification device. An air outlet is connected with the hydrogen storage tank pipeline, the second air inlet is connected with the oxygen storage tank pipeline, an oxygen flow regulating valve 8 is provided on the connecting pipeline, and the second air outlet is connected with the feed pipeline.

其中，所述电热熔分炉底吹元件至少一个，可以是喷管或者透气砖中的任意一种。Wherein, at least one bottom blowing element of the electrothermal melting sub-furnace can be any one of a nozzle or a breathable brick.

作为技术方案的改进，所述换热器底部还设有冷凝水出口1305，所述冷凝水出口与电解水制氢反应器的进水口连接。As an improvement of the technical solution, the bottom of the heat exchanger is also provided with a condensed water outlet 1305, and the condensed water outlet is connected to the water inlet of the electrolyzed water hydrogen production reactor.

本发明提供了一种基于上述***的电能全氢闪速还原直接炼钢工艺，工艺流程如图2所示，包括如下步骤：The present invention provides a direct steelmaking process based on the above-mentioned system for electric energy full-hydrogen flash reduction. The process flow is shown in Figure 2 and includes the following steps:

步骤1.将液态水加入电解水制氢装置，进行水电解得到纯净的氢气D和氧气E，所制得氢气纯度＞99％，氧气纯度＞99％，氢气通过管道输送到氢气储存罐，氧气通过管道输送到氧气储存罐； Step 1. Add liquid water to the electrolyzed water hydrogen production device, and perform water electrolysis to obtain pure hydrogen D and oxygen E. The purity of the hydrogen produced is >99%, and the purity of oxygen is >99%. The hydrogen is transported to the hydrogen storage tank through the pipeline, and the oxygen Transported to oxygen storage tank through pipeline;

步骤2.氧气储存罐中的氧气进入换热器，经高温净化尾气预热，得到预热的氧气；铁矿粉A和熔剂粉剂B从进料斗进入预热/预还原装置，经高温尾气预热/预还原，得到预热/预还原粉料和净化尾气；粉料与预热氧气一同从进料口沿炉体切线方向喷入旋风闪速还原炉，同时氢气储存罐中的氢气从位于进料口下方的氢气喷嘴吹入旋风闪速还原炉，炉内温度控制在500～1500℃；粉料与氢气在炉内逆流运动过程中发生还原反应，得到金属化率＞80％的预还原铁粉/铁滴和预还原尾气；同时部分氢气与氧气发生燃烧反应放热，为炉内还原过程提供部分物理热； Step 2. The oxygen in the oxygen storage tank enters the heat exchanger, and the high-temperature purified tail gas is preheated to obtain pre-heated oxygen; iron ore powder A and flux powder B enter the preheating/pre-reduction device from the feed hopper, and pass the high-temperature tail gas Preheating/pre-reduction to obtain pre-heating/pre-reduction powder and purified tail gas; the powder and pre-heating oxygen are sprayed into the cyclone flash reduction furnace from the feed port along the tangential direction of the furnace body, and the hydrogen in the hydrogen storage tank is from The hydrogen nozzle located below the feed port is blown into the cyclone flash reduction furnace, and the temperature in the furnace is controlled at 500-1500℃; the powder and hydrogen undergo a reduction reaction during the countercurrent movement in the furnace to obtain a metallization rate> 80%. Reduced iron powder/iron droplets and pre-reduction tail gas; at the same time, part of the hydrogen and oxygen generate heat from the combustion reaction, which provides part of the physical heat for the reduction process in the furnace;

步骤3.旋风闪速还原炉内形成的预还原铁粉/铁滴沿炉壁旋转运动过程中因重力作用直接落入与旋风闪速还原炉下部连通的电热熔分炉，电热熔分炉通过电极加热，炉温控制在1550～1700℃，对预还原铁粉进行电热熔分；同时从电热熔分炉底部向熔池喷吹氢气，进行熔池搅拌和熔融终还原，氢气喷吹强度为0.01～0.5m ³/(tFe·min)；进行连续炼钢过程，得到钢水G、炉渣F和熔炼尾气，炉渣和钢水分别从电热熔分炉的出渣口、出钢口连续或间歇排出； Step 3. The pre-reduced iron powder/iron droplets formed in the cyclone flash reduction furnace fall directly into the electric melting furnace connected to the lower part of the cyclone flash reduction furnace during the rotating movement along the furnace wall due to gravity, and the electric melting furnace passes through Electrode heating, the furnace temperature is controlled at 1550 ~ 1700 ℃, the pre-reduced iron powder is electrothermally fused; at the same time, hydrogen is sprayed from the bottom of the electrothermal smelting furnace to the molten pool to perform molten pool stirring and melting final reduction. The hydrogen blowing intensity is 0.01～0.5m ³ /(tFe·min); Continuous steelmaking process is carried out to obtain molten steel G, slag F and smelting tail gas. The slag and molten steel are discharged continuously or intermittently from the slag outlet and steel outlet of the electric melting furnace;

步骤4.旋风闪速还原炉内产生的还原尾气和电热熔分炉内的熔炼尾气从位于旋风闪速还原炉顶部的尾气出口排出，首先高温尾气H经过预热/预还原装置，利用余热预热/预还原铁矿粉和熔剂粉剂，得到预热/预还原粉料I，降温后的含尘尾气J送入除尘净化装置，净化除尘后，得到净化尾气和除尘灰K，除尘灰返回旋风闪速还原炉，净化尾气进入换热器，进行余热利用，预热氧气，同时降温冷凝后，分离出氢气和冷凝水，氢气通过管路输送到氢气储存罐，作为还原气返回到旋风炉和电炉循环使用，冷凝水通过管路输送到电解水反应器进行电解，循环使用。Step 4. The reduction tail gas produced in the cyclone flash reduction furnace and the smelting tail gas in the electric melting furnace are discharged from the tail gas outlet located at the top of the cyclone flash reduction furnace. First, the high temperature tail gas H passes through the preheating/prereduction device, and the waste heat is used for preheating. Heat/pre-reduced iron ore powder and flux powder to obtain pre-heated/pre-reduced powder I. After cooling, the dust-containing tail gas J is sent to the dust removal purification device, after purification and dust removal, purified tail gas and dust removal ash K are obtained, and the dust removal ash returns to the cyclone In the flash reduction furnace, the purified tail gas enters the heat exchanger for waste heat utilization, preheats the oxygen, and after cooling and condensation, the hydrogen and condensed water are separated. The hydrogen is transported to the hydrogen storage tank through the pipeline, and is returned to the cyclone furnace as reducing gas. The electric furnace is recycled, and the condensed water is transported to the electrolysis water reactor through the pipeline for electrolysis and recycled.

其中，所述熔剂粉剂为造渣料石灰、萤石、白云石中的一种，所述铁矿粉全铁TFe含量为30～70wt％；铁矿粉及熔剂粉剂粒度均≤1000μm。Wherein, the flux powder is one of slagging materials lime, fluorite, and dolomite, the total iron TFe content of the iron ore powder is 30-70 wt%; the particle size of the iron ore powder and the flux powder are both ≤ 1000 μm.

其中，所述铁矿粉与氧气以质量比1∶(1～10)进入旋风闪速还原炉内。Wherein, the iron ore powder and oxygen enter the cyclone flash reduction furnace at a mass ratio of 1: (1-10).

其中，以电炉内熔渣的二元碱度为0.8～3.0的标准控制熔剂的加入量。Among them, the amount of flux added is controlled by the standard that the binary basicity of the slag in the electric furnace is 0.8-3.0.

其中，旋风闪速还原炉进料口吹入的氧气量与氢气喷嘴吹入的氢气量，体积之比为(1～10)∶100。Among them, the volume ratio of the amount of oxygen blown into the feed port of the cyclone flash reduction furnace and the amount of hydrogen blown into the hydrogen nozzle is (1-10):100.

其中，所述全氢闪速还原直接炼钢工艺，整个***(包括电解水装置、电热熔分炉)所需能量来源于电能，电能产生方式可为核能、太阳能、水力等任意非化石燃料发电。Wherein, in the full hydrogen flash reduction direct steelmaking process, the energy required by the entire system (including water electrolysis device, electric melting furnace) comes from electric energy, and the electric energy generation method can be any non-fossil fuel power generation such as nuclear energy, solar energy, and hydraulic power. .

其中，所述全氢闪速还原直接炼钢工艺，电解水来自于内部循环，损失部分由外部供给。Wherein, in the full hydrogen flash reduction direct steelmaking process, the electrolyzed water comes from the internal circulation, and the loss part is supplied from the outside.

其中，所述全氢闪速还原直接炼钢的方法，所述的旋风闪速还原炉炉内温度控制在500～1500℃，炉内热量一部分来源于炉内氢气燃烧放热，一部分来源于旋风闪速还原炉下部电热熔分炉加热。Wherein, in the method for direct steelmaking with full hydrogen flash reduction, the temperature in the cyclone flash reduction furnace is controlled at 500-1500°C, and part of the heat in the furnace comes from the heat generated by the combustion of hydrogen in the furnace, and part comes from the cyclone The lower part of the flash reduction furnace is heated by an electric melting furnace.

其中，所述全氢闪速还原直接炼钢的方法，电热熔分炉温度控制在1550～1700℃，热量由电能提供。Wherein, in the method of direct steelmaking with full hydrogen flash reduction, the temperature of the electric melting furnace is controlled at 1550-1700°C, and the heat is provided by electric energy.

实施例1Example 1

一种采用上述***及工艺的电能全氢闪速还原直接炼钢工艺，各步骤中涉及工艺参数具体如下：A direct steelmaking process with electric energy full hydrogen flash reduction using the above system and process. The process parameters involved in each step are as follows:

步骤1.将液态水加入电解水制氢装置，进行水电解得到纯净的氢气和氧气，所制得氢气纯度＞99％，氧气纯度＞99％； Step 1. Add liquid water to the electrolysis water hydrogen production device, and perform water electrolysis to obtain pure hydrogen and oxygen. The purity of the hydrogen produced is> 99%, and the purity of oxygen is> 99%;

步骤2.将铁矿粉和熔剂粉剂加入预热/预还原装置，所述铁矿粉全铁TFe含量为30wt％，粒度≤1000μm，得到预热/预还原的粉料，铁矿粉和熔剂粉剂同预热氧气一同喷入旋风闪速还原炉，其中铁矿粉与氧气的质量比为1∶5，氢气喷嘴吹入氢气，氢气喷吹量与氧气喷吹量的体积比为100∶5，控制还原炉内温度为500～1500℃；粉料与氢气在旋风闪速还原炉内逆流运动过程中发生还原反应，得到金属化率＞80％的预还原铁粉/铁滴和预还原尾气； Step 2. Add iron ore powder and flux powder to the preheating/pre-reduction device, the total iron TFe content of the iron ore powder is 30wt%, and the particle size is less than or equal to 1000 μm to obtain preheated/pre-reduced powder, iron ore powder and flux The powder is sprayed into the cyclone flash reduction furnace together with preheated oxygen, the mass ratio of iron ore powder to oxygen is 1:5, the hydrogen nozzle is blown into hydrogen, and the volume ratio of hydrogen injection to oxygen injection is 100:5 , Control the temperature in the reduction furnace to 500～1500℃; the powder and hydrogen undergo a reduction reaction during the countercurrent movement in the cyclone flash reduction furnace to obtain pre-reduced iron powder/iron droplets and pre-reduced tail gas with a metallization rate> 80% ；

步骤3.控制电热熔分炉内温度为1700℃，同时控制熔剂加入量使电热熔分炉内炉渣的二元碱度为0.8，造渣剂为石灰粉，粒度≤1000μm；电热熔分炉底部喷吹强度为0.05m ³/(tFe·min)的氢气，进行熔池搅拌，同时完成熔融终还原，终还原得到的钢水和炉渣分别从出钢口和出渣口排出；制得的钢水为C的质量分数为0.01～0.40％、温度为1700℃的钢水，用于后续精炼工序，生产超纯净钢； Step 3. Control the temperature in the electric melting sub-furnace to 1700℃, and at the same time control the amount of flux added so that the binary alkalinity of the slag in the electric melting sub-furnace is 0.8, the slagging agent is lime powder, the particle size is less than 1000μm; the bottom of the electric melting sub-furnace Inject hydrogen with a strength of 0.05m ³ /(tFe·min) to stir the molten pool and complete the final reduction of melting at the same time. The molten steel and slag obtained from the final reduction are discharged from the tapping port and the slag tapping port respectively; the prepared molten steel is The molten steel with a mass fraction of C of 0.01 to 0.40% and a temperature of 1700°C is used in the subsequent refining process to produce ultra-pure steel;

步骤4.还原及熔炼尾气预热/预还原粉料并除尘净化，净化尾气预热氧气并冷凝分离，氢气返回旋风闪速还原炉，冷凝水返回电解水制氢。Step 4. Reduction and smelting tail gas preheating/pre-reduction powder and dust removal purification, purification tail gas preheating oxygen and condensing and separating, the hydrogen is returned to the cyclone flash reduction furnace, and the condensed water is returned to the electrolyzed water to produce hydrogen.

实施例2Example 2

一种采用上述***及工艺的电能全氢闪速还原直接炼钢工艺，各步骤中涉及工艺参数具体如下：A direct steelmaking process with electric energy full hydrogen flash reduction using the above-mentioned system and process, and the specific process parameters involved in each step are as follows:

步骤2.将铁矿粉和熔剂粉剂加入预热/预还原装置，所述铁矿粉全铁TFe含量为50wt％，粒度≤1000μm，铁矿粉和熔剂粉剂同预热氧气一同吹入旋风闪速还原炉，其中铁矿粉与氧气的质量比为1∶7，氢气喷嘴吹入氢气，氢气喷吹量与氧气喷吹量的体积比为100∶7，控制还原炉内温度为500～1500℃；粉料与氢气在旋风闪速还原炉内逆流运动过程中发生还原反应，得到金属化率＞80％的预还原铁粉/铁滴和预还原尾气； Step 2. Add iron ore powder and flux powder to the preheating/pre-reduction device. The total iron TFe content of the iron ore powder is 50wt% and the particle size is ≤1000μm. The iron ore powder and flux powder are blown into the cyclone flash together with the preheated oxygen. Rapid reduction furnace, in which the mass ratio of iron ore powder to oxygen is 1:7, hydrogen is injected into the hydrogen nozzle, the volume ratio of hydrogen injection to oxygen injection is 100:7, and the temperature in the reduction furnace is controlled to be 500～1500 ℃; the powder and hydrogen undergo a reduction reaction during the countercurrent movement in the cyclone flash reduction furnace to obtain pre-reduced iron powder/iron droplets and pre-reduced tail gas with a metallization rate> 80%;

步骤3.控制电热熔分炉内温度为1650℃，同时控制熔剂加入量使电热熔分炉内炉渣的二元碱度为2.0，造渣剂为石灰粉，粒度≤1000μm；电热熔分炉底部喷吹强度为0.1m ³/(tFe·min)的氢气，进行熔池搅拌，同时完成熔融终还原，终还原得到的钢水和炉渣分别从出钢口和出渣口排出；制得的钢水为C的质量分数为0.01～0.40％、温度为1650℃的钢水，用于后续精炼工序，生产超纯净钢； Step 3. Control the temperature in the electric melting sub-furnace to 1650℃, and at the same time control the amount of flux added so that the binary alkalinity of the slag in the electric melting sub-furnace is 2.0, the slag-forming agent is lime powder, and the particle size is ≤1000μm; the bottom of the electric melting sub-furnace Inject hydrogen with a strength of 0.1m ³ /(tFe·min) to stir the molten pool and complete the final reduction of melting at the same time. The molten steel and slag obtained from the final reduction are discharged from the tapping port and the slag tapping port respectively; the molten steel produced is The molten steel with a mass fraction of C of 0.01 to 0.40% and a temperature of 1650°C is used in the subsequent refining process to produce ultra-pure steel;

实施例3Example 3

步骤2.将铁矿粉和熔剂粉剂加入预热/预还原装置，所述铁矿粉全铁TFe含量为70wt％，粒度≤1000μm，铁矿粉和熔剂粉剂同预热氧气一同吹入旋风闪速还原炉，其中铁矿粉与氧气的质量比为1∶10，氢气喷嘴吹入氢气，氢气喷吹量与氧气喷吹量的体积比为100∶10，控制还原炉内温度为500～1500℃；粉料与氢气在旋风闪速还原炉内逆流运动过程中发生还原反应，得到金属化率＞80％的预还原铁粉/铁滴和预还原尾气； Step 2. Add iron ore powder and flux powder to the preheating/pre-reduction device. The total iron TFe content of the iron ore powder is 70wt% and the particle size is ≤1000μm. The iron ore powder and flux powder are blown into the cyclone flash together with the preheated oxygen. Rapid reduction furnace, in which the mass ratio of iron ore powder to oxygen is 1:10, hydrogen is injected into the hydrogen nozzle, the volume ratio of hydrogen injection to oxygen injection is 100:10, and the temperature in the reduction furnace is controlled to be 500～1500 ℃; the powder and hydrogen undergo a reduction reaction during the countercurrent movement in the cyclone flash reduction furnace to obtain pre-reduced iron powder/iron droplets and pre-reduced tail gas with a metallization rate> 80%;

步骤3.控制电热熔分炉内温度为1550℃，同时控制熔剂加入量使电热熔分炉内熔渣的二元碱度为3.0，造渣剂为石灰粉，粒度≤1000μm；电热熔分炉底部喷吹强度为0.2m ³/(tFe·min)的氢气，进行熔池搅拌，同时完成熔融终还原，终还原得到的钢水和炉渣分别从出钢口和出渣口排出；制得的钢水为C的质量分数为0.01～0.40％、温度为1550℃的钢水，用于后续精炼工序，生产超纯净钢； Step 3. Control the temperature in the electric melting sub-furnace to 1550℃, and control the amount of flux added so that the binary basicity of the slag in the electric melting sub-furnace is 3.0, the slag-forming agent is lime powder, and the particle size is ≤1000μm; the electric melting sub-furnace Inject hydrogen with a strength of 0.2m ³ /(tFe·min) from the bottom to stir the molten pool and complete the final reduction of melting. The molten steel and slag obtained from the final reduction are discharged from the tapping port and the slag tapping port respectively; the prepared molten steel The molten steel with a mass fraction of C of 0.01 to 0.40% and a temperature of 1550°C is used in the subsequent refining process to produce ultra-pure steel;

以上技术方案阐述了本发明的技术思路，不能以此限定本发明的保护范围，凡是未脱离本发明技术方案的内容，依据本发明的技术实质对以上技术方案所作的任何改动及修饰，均属于本发明技术方案的保护范围。The above technical solutions illustrate the technical ideas of the present invention, and cannot be used to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. Any changes and modifications made to the above technical solutions based on the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the technical solutions of the present invention belong to The protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

一种电能全氢闪速还原直接炼钢***，其特征在于，该***包括：电解水制氢装置、旋风闪速还原炉、电热熔分炉，以及尾气后处理设备，所述尾气后处理设备包括依次管道连接的预热/预还原装置、除尘净化装置及换热器；An electric energy full hydrogen flash reduction direct steelmaking system, which is characterized in that the system comprises: an electrolyzed water hydrogen production device, a cyclone flash reduction furnace, an electric melting furnace, and exhaust gas post-treatment equipment. The exhaust gas post-treatment equipment Including pre-heating/pre-reduction device, dust removal and purification device and heat exchanger connected by pipeline in sequence;

所述电解水制氢装置包括电解水制氢反应器、氢气储存罐和氧气储存罐，电解水制氢反应器通过管道与氢气储存罐和氧气储存罐相连；The electrolyzed water hydrogen production device includes an electrolyzed water hydrogen production reactor, a hydrogen storage tank and an oxygen storage tank, and the electrolyzed water hydrogen production reactor is connected to the hydrogen storage tank and the oxygen storage tank through a pipeline;

所述旋风闪速还原炉顶部设有尾气出口，炉体上部设置有进料口，所述进料口下方设置有氢气喷嘴，所述氢气喷嘴通过管道与氢气储存罐连接，该旋风闪速还原炉底部与电热熔分炉连通；The top of the cyclone flash reduction furnace is provided with a tail gas outlet, the upper part of the furnace body is provided with a feed port, and a hydrogen nozzle is provided below the feed port. The hydrogen nozzle is connected to a hydrogen storage tank through a pipeline. The cyclone flash reduction The bottom of the furnace is connected with the electric melting furnace;

所述电热熔分炉设有电极、出钢口、出渣口和底吹元件，所述底吹元件通过管道连接氢气储存罐；The electric melting furnace is provided with an electrode, a steel tapping port, a slag tapping port and a bottom blowing element, and the bottom blowing element is connected to a hydrogen storage tank through a pipeline;

所述预热/预还原装置具有入气口、出气口、入料口、出料口，所述入气口与旋风闪速还原炉尾气出口连接，所述出气口连接除尘净化装置，所述入料口用于加入铁矿粉和熔剂粉剂，所述出料口通过进料管道与旋风闪速还原炉进料口连接；The preheating/pre-reduction device has an air inlet, an air outlet, a material inlet, and a material outlet. The air inlet is connected to the tail gas outlet of the cyclone flash reduction furnace, and the air outlet is connected to a dust removal and purification device. The port is used to add iron ore powder and flux powder, and the discharge port is connected to the feed port of the cyclone flash reduction furnace through a feed pipe;

所述除尘净化装置具有尾气入口、尾气出口以及除灰尘出料口，所述尾气入口连接预热/预还原装置，尾气出口与换热器连接，所述除尘灰出料口与旋风闪速还原炉进料管道连通；The dust removal and purification device has a tail gas inlet, a tail gas outlet, and a dust removal discharge port, the tail gas inlet is connected to a preheating/prereduction device, the tail gas outlet is connected to a heat exchanger, and the dust removal ash discharge port is connected to the cyclone flash reduction The furnace feed pipeline is connected;

所述换热器具有第一进气口、第一出气口、第二进气口、第二出气口，所述第一进气口与除尘净化装置尾气出口连接，所述第一出气口与氢气储存罐管道连接，所述第二进气口与氧气储存罐管道连接，所述第二出气口与进料管道连通；The heat exchanger has a first air inlet, a first air outlet, a second air inlet, and a second air outlet. The first air inlet is connected to the exhaust outlet of the dust removal and purification device, and the first air outlet is connected to A hydrogen storage tank pipeline connection, the second air inlet is connected with an oxygen storage tank pipeline, and the second air outlet is connected with a feed pipeline;

所述氧气储存罐与换热器连接的管道上设有氧气流量调节阀，所述氢气储存罐与氢气喷嘴连接的管道上、以及氢气储存罐与电热熔分炉的底吹元件连接的管道上皆设有氢气流量调节阀。The pipeline connecting the oxygen storage tank and the heat exchanger is provided with an oxygen flow regulating valve, the hydrogen storage tank is connected to the hydrogen nozzle, and the hydrogen storage tank is connected to the bottom blowing element of the electric melting furnace. All are equipped with a hydrogen flow regulating valve.
根据权利要求1所述的一种电能全氢闪速还原直接炼钢***，其特征在于，所述换热器底部还设有冷凝水出口，所述冷凝水出口与电解水制氢反应器的进水口连接。The direct steelmaking system for electric energy full hydrogen flash reduction according to claim 1, wherein the bottom of the heat exchanger is also provided with a condensed water outlet, and the condensed water outlet is connected to the electrolytic water hydrogen production reactor. Water inlet connection.
根据权利要求1所述的一种电能全氢闪速还原直接炼钢***，其特征在于，所述旋风闪速还原炉的进料口沿炉体正切向布置。The electric energy full hydrogen flash reduction direct steelmaking system according to claim 1, wherein the feed inlet of the cyclone flash reduction furnace is arranged along the tangential direction of the furnace body.
一种基于权利要求2或3所述***的电能全氢闪速还原直接炼钢工艺，其特征在于，该工艺包括如下步骤：A direct steelmaking process based on the system of claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the process includes the following steps:

步骤1.将液态水加入电解水制氢反应器，进行水电解得到纯净的氢气和氧气，所制得氢气纯度＞99％，氧气纯度＞99％，氢气通过管道输送到氢气储存罐，氧气通过管道输送到氧气储存罐；Step 1. Add liquid water to the electrolyzed water hydrogen production reactor and perform water electrolysis to obtain pure hydrogen and oxygen. The purity of the hydrogen produced is greater than 99%, and the purity of oxygen is greater than 99%. The hydrogen is transported to the hydrogen storage tank through a pipeline, and the oxygen passes through Piped to the oxygen storage tank;

步骤2.氧气储存罐中的氧气进入换热器，得到预热的氧气；铁矿粉和熔剂粉剂进入预热/预还原装置，得到预热/预还原粉料；粉料与预热氧气一同喷入旋风闪速还原炉，同时从氢气喷嘴喷吹氢气，控制还原炉内温度为500～1500℃；粉料与氢气在炉内逆流运动过程中发生还原反应，得到金属化率＞80％的预还原铁粉/铁滴和预还原尾气；Step 2. The oxygen in the oxygen storage tank enters the heat exchanger to obtain the preheated oxygen; the iron ore powder and the flux powder enter the preheating/prereduction device to obtain the preheating/prereduction powder; the powder and the preheating oxygen are together Inject into the cyclone flash reduction furnace, and at the same time inject hydrogen from the hydrogen nozzle, control the temperature in the reduction furnace to 500～1500℃; the powder and hydrogen undergo a reduction reaction during the countercurrent movement in the furnace, and the metallization rate is more than 80%. Pre-reduced iron powder/iron droplets and pre-reduced tail gas;

步骤3.旋风闪速还原炉内形成的预还原铁粉/铁滴沿炉壁旋转运动过程中因重力作用直接落入与其下部连通的电热熔分炉，控制电热熔分炉内温度为1550～1700℃，对预还原铁粉进行电热熔分；同时从电热熔分炉底部向熔池喷吹氢气，喷吹强度为0.01～0.5m ³/(tFe·min)，进行熔池搅拌和熔融终还原；进行连续炼钢过程，得到钢水、炉渣和熔炼尾气，熔渣和钢水分别从电热熔分炉出渣口、出钢口连续或间歇排出； Step 3. The pre-reduced iron powder/iron droplets formed in the cyclone flash reduction furnace fall directly into the electric melting furnace connected to the lower part due to gravity during the rotating movement along the furnace wall, and control the temperature in the electric melting furnace to 1550～ At 1700℃, the pre-reduced iron powder is electrothermally fused; at the same time, hydrogen is sprayed into the molten pool from the bottom of the electrothermal smelting furnace, and the blowing intensity is 0.01～0.5m ³ /(tFe·min), and the molten pool is stirred and melted. Reduction; continuous steelmaking process to obtain molten steel, slag and smelting tail gas, molten slag and molten steel are discharged continuously or intermittently from the slag tap and steel tap of the electric melting sub-furnace respectively;

步骤4.旋风闪速还原炉内产生的预还原尾气和电热熔分炉内的熔炼尾气从旋风闪速还原炉的尾气出口排出，首先高温尾气经过预热/预还原装置，利用余热预热/预还原铁矿粉和熔剂粉剂，降温后的尾气送入除尘净化装置，净化除尘后，得到净化尾气和除尘灰，除尘灰返回旋风闪速还原炉，净化尾气进入换热器，进行余热利用，预热氧气，同时降温冷凝后，分离出氢气和冷凝水，氢气通过管路输送到氢气储存罐，作为还原气返回到旋风闪速还原炉和电热熔分炉循环使用，冷凝水通过管路输送到电解水反应器进行电解，循环使用。Step 4. The pre-reduction tail gas produced in the cyclone flash reduction furnace and the smelting tail gas in the electric melting furnace are discharged from the tail gas outlet of the cyclone flash reduction furnace. First, the high-temperature tail gas passes through the preheating/pre-reduction device and uses the waste heat to preheat/ The iron ore powder and flux powder are pre-reduced, and the cooled tail gas is sent to the dust removal purification device. After purification and dust removal, purified tail gas and dust removal ash are obtained. The dust removal ash is returned to the cyclone flash reduction furnace, and the purified tail gas enters the heat exchanger for waste heat utilization. After preheating the oxygen, cooling and condensing at the same time, the hydrogen and condensed water are separated, and the hydrogen is transported to the hydrogen storage tank through the pipeline, and returned to the cyclone flash reduction furnace and the electric melting furnace as the reducing gas for recycling, and the condensate is transported through the pipeline To the electrolysis water reactor for electrolysis and recycling.
根据权利要求4所述的一种电能全氢闪速还原直接炼钢工艺，其特征在于，步骤2中所述熔剂粉剂为炼钢造渣料石灰、萤石、白云石中的一种或几种，所述铁矿粉的全铁TFe含量为30～70wt％；铁矿粉及熔剂粉剂粒度均≤1000μm。The direct steelmaking process with electric energy and hydrogen flash reduction according to claim 4, wherein the flux powder in step 2 is one or more of lime, fluorite, and dolomite, which is a steelmaking slagging material. The total iron TFe content of the iron ore powder is 30-70 wt%; the particle size of the iron ore powder and the flux powder are both ≤ 1000 μm.
根据权利要求5所述的一种电能全氢闪速还原直接炼钢工艺，其特征在于，所述铁矿粉与氧气以质量比1∶(1～10)进入旋风闪速还原炉内。The direct steelmaking process of electric energy full hydrogen flash reduction according to claim 5, characterized in that the iron ore powder and oxygen enter the cyclone flash reduction furnace at a mass ratio of 1: (1-10).
根据权利要求5所述的一种电能全氢闪速还原直接炼钢工艺，其特征在于，以电热熔分炉内炉渣的二元碱度为0.8～3.0的标准控制熔剂粉剂的加入量。The electric energy full hydrogen flash reduction direct steelmaking process according to claim 5, characterized in that the amount of flux powder added is controlled by the standard that the binary basicity of the slag in the electric melting furnace is 0.8-3.0.
根据权利要求4所述的一种电能全氢闪速还原直接炼钢工艺，其特征在于，旋风闪速还原炉进料口吹入的氧气量与氢气喷嘴吹入的氢气量，体积之比为(1～10)∶100。The direct steelmaking process of electric energy full hydrogen flash reduction according to claim 4, characterized in that the ratio of the volume of oxygen blown from the feed port of the cyclone flash reduction furnace to the volume of hydrogen blown by the hydrogen nozzle is (1～10): 100.
根据权利要求4所述的一种电能全氢闪速还原直接炼钢工艺，其特征在于，所述电热熔分炉炉内热量由电能提供，所述旋风闪速还原炉炉内热量来源为：炉内氢气燃烧放热以及下部电热熔分炉加热。The direct steelmaking process of electric energy full hydrogen flash reduction according to claim 4, wherein the heat in the electric heating furnace is provided by electric energy, and the heat source in the cyclone flash reduction furnace is: The hydrogen combustion in the furnace releases heat and the lower part is heated by an electric melting furnace.
根据权利要求4所述的一种电能全氢闪速还原直接炼钢工艺，其特征在于，所述电解水制氢反应器中所用电解水部分来自于内部循环，损失部分由外部供给。The direct steelmaking process with full hydrogen flash reduction of electrical energy according to claim 4, wherein the electrolyzed water used in the electrolyzed water hydrogen production reactor partly comes from the internal circulation, and the loss part is supplied from the outside.