CN106006978A - Substrate improving material for high-organic-matter bottom mud shallow lake and preparation method thereof, and repairing method - Google Patents

Substrate improving material for high-organic-matter bottom mud shallow lake and preparation method thereof, and repairing method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN106006978A
CN106006978A CN201610390321.6A CN201610390321A CN106006978A CN 106006978 A CN106006978 A CN 106006978A CN 201610390321 A CN201610390321 A CN 201610390321A CN 106006978 A CN106006978 A CN 106006978A
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substrate
lake
bed mud
top layer
shallow lake
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CN106006978B (en
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吴振斌
张义
贺锋
徐栋
刘子森
刘碧云
周巧红
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Institute of Hydrobiology of CAS
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/32Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02FTREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F11/00Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a substrate improving material for a high-organic-matter bottom mud shallow lake and a preparation method thereof, and a repairing method; the substrate improving material is composed of clay, kaolin, environmental-protection ceramic filter balls and calcium peroxide. The preparation method comprises the steps: 1) selecting the clay, kaolin, environmental-protection ceramic filter balls and calcium peroxide as raw materials; 2) placing the environmental-protection ceramic filter balls in dilute hydrochloric acid, soaking, washing with clear water to be neutral, and drying; and 3) mixing evenly the clay, the kaolin, calcium peroxide and the processed ceramic filter balls according to a certain proportion, to prepare the substrate improving material. The repairing method comprises the steps: A) bamboo sticks are arranged in a lake bottom substrate improved region; B) the substrate improving material is sprinkled to the bottom of the lake from the surface of the lake; and C) submerged plants are planted on the substrate improved region, and the submerged plants are managed and maintained. The method is easy to implement and simple to operate, effectively solves the problems that the submerged plants are difficult to fixedly plant and ecological restoration projects are difficult to implement in a soft-surface high-organic-matter bottom mud lake, and accelerates the recovery of a lake ecosystem.

Description

The substrate improved materials of a kind of high organic bed mud shallow lake and preparation method and repair Compound recipe method
Technical field
The invention belongs to the ecological restoration technical field in lake, be more particularly to a kind of top layer soft high organic bed mud shallow The substrate improved materials in water lake, further relates to the system of the substrate improved materials of a kind of top layer soft high organic bed mud shallow lake Preparation Method, also relates to the restorative procedure of a kind of top layer soft high organic bed mud shallow lake, can be applicable to top layer soft The Ecological Restoration Project of high organic bed mud shallow lake.
Background technology
Submerged plant planting and recovery technique are the key technologies of Ecological Restoration Project, utilize aquatic macrophyte to repair water Body and sediment pollution are to administer, regulate and one of the effective way suppressing body eutrophication.The whole growth course of submerged plant All living in water, root, stem, leaf can absorb the nutrient substance in water, and its growth and development process absorbs water Middle nutrition exactly The process of material, defines the hugest environmental carrying capacity and strong self-purification capacity.And rhizosphere microorganism degradable is organic Pollutant, constantly purify water and repair bed mud.But for black smelly bed mud river course, black smelly bed mud is not covered and transforms Processing, submerged plant is difficult to survive, and Ecological Restoration Project is difficult to popularization and application.But many natural shallow lake sediments pines Soft, the content of organic matter is high, this special substrate is unfavorable for submerged plant growth field planting, typically can not directly plant planting submerged plant, Or submerged plant survival rate is low, and Ecological Restoration Project is difficult to popularization and application.
Clay be a kind of containing the grains of sand seldom, have the soil of stickiness, can be as environment-friendly type substrate transformation materials application in lake Substrate improvement project, but the clay of consolidation easily hardens and causes anaerobic environment, causes submerged plant root system to be difficult to grow and rot. The space of substrate can be increased by adding loose porous modified ceramic filter bulb, add mineral improver Kaolin and can accelerate at the bottom of pond Organic matter or the conversion of Humus, in Kaolin, trace element can promote root system of plant field planting and growth, and modified ceramic filter bulb With Kaolin, there is strong absorption property, adsorbable bed mud and the nutritive salt such as Water, phosphorus, while repairing bed mud be in position Submerged plant primary growth provides nutrient source, the biomembrane of ceramic filtration ball surface formation and submerged plant rhizosphere microorganism degradable Mineralising Organic substance.Calper calcium peroxide is as the oxygenation agent of a kind of high-efficiency environment friendly simultaneously, can increase bed mud and the dissolved oxygen of bottom water body Concentration, is conducive to improving water quality, accelerates organic removal in bed mud, promotes plant growing further.It is contemplated that pass through Clay, Kaolin, enviroment protective ceramic filter bulb and calper calcium peroxide are mixed by a certain percentage and is applied to top layer as substrate improved materials In the recovery project of soft high organic bed mud shallow lake, improve demonstration area living environment so that it is be suitable for submerged plant growth, Effectively solve the problems such as submerged plant survival in soft high organic bed mud pool lake, top layer is difficult, the most floating, bed mud is had simultaneously The pollutant such as machine thing carry out adsorbing in situ so that it is accelerate recovery and the structure of ecosystem.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to be difficult to apply restoration of the ecosystem work for above-mentioned top layer soft high organic bed mud shallow lake The problem of journey, is the substrate improved materials that there are provided a kind of top layer soft high organic bed mud shallow lake, and this material has There is formula reasonable, easy to use, with low cost, environmental friendliness, the advantages such as substrate improved effect is good, repaiied by substrate improvement substrate Good living environment is built for submerged plant growth while rehydration body and bed mud.
Another object of the present invention is to there are provided a kind of top layer soft high organic bed mud shallow lake substrate to change The preparation method of good timber material, this preparation method technological operation is simple, environmental friendliness.
Another object of the present invention is to there are provided the reparation of a kind of top layer soft high organic bed mud shallow lake Method, this restorative procedure is easy and simple to handle, ecological, environmental protective, can improve substrate living environment so that it is be suitable for submerged plant growth, effectively Solve submerged plant in soft high organic bed mud lake, top layer and be difficult to the problems such as Survival and growth, simultaneously to dirts such as bed mud Organic substances Dye thing carries out removing in situ, the beneficially recovery of water area ecological environment so that it is recovery and the health of accelerating lake ecosystem are sent out Exhibition.
In order to realize above-mentioned purpose, the present invention by the following technical solutions:
The substrate improved materials of a kind of top layer soft high organic bed mud shallow lake, it is by the mass fraction of following raw material Make:
Wherein: a kind of enviroment protective ceramic filter bulb, it is made up of the mass fraction of following raw material:
Described enviroment protective ceramic filter bulb is with industrial residue magnesium slag, flyash, gangue, clay as raw material, then addition The magnesium slag enviroment protective ceramic that the dispensings such as hole agent (granules of polystyrene) and binding agent (carboxymethyl cellulose and Ludox) are fired (relevant preparation detailed process asks for an interview pottery journal, in March, 2010, the 1st phase of volume 31, magnesium slag porous ceramic filter materials pore to filter bulb The regulation and control of rate);
Described clay be containing the grains of sand seldom, have the soil of stickiness, there is preferable plasticity.General clay is all by silicon Formed after the air slaking at the earth's surface of hydrochlorate mineral.Composition is mainly silicon oxide and aluminium oxide, Se Bai and fire-resistant, for preparation china clay it Primary raw material;
Described Kaolin is nature a kind of clay mineral common, very important.Main component be kaolinite and Halloysite, also includes other a small amount of Ores and trace element.There is high, the good plasticity of the soft Baidu of quality, firm Numerous physicochemical characteristicss such as binding type, good antiacid dissolubility and relatively low cation exchange capacity (CEC).
The substrate improved materials of a kind of top layer soft high organic bed mud shallow lake, it is by the raw material of following mass fraction Make (preferable scope):
Wherein: a kind of enviroment protective ceramic filter bulb, it is made up of the raw material of following mass fraction:
The substrate improved materials of a kind of top layer soft high organic bed mud shallow lake, it is by the raw material of following mass fraction Make (good scope):
Wherein: a kind of enviroment protective ceramic filter bulb, it is made up of the raw material of following mass fraction:
The substrate improved materials of a kind of top layer soft high organic bed mud shallow lake, it is by the raw material of following mass fraction Make: (best scope):
Wherein: a kind of enviroment protective ceramic filter bulb, it is made up of the raw material of following mass fraction:
The substrate improved materials of a kind of top layer soft high organic bed mud shallow lake, it is by the raw material of following mass fraction Make (optimum):
Wherein: a kind of enviroment protective ceramic filter bulb, it is made up of the raw material of following mass fraction:
The preparation method of the substrate improved materials of a kind of top layer soft high organic bed mud shallow lake, the steps include:
1) raw material selecting clay, Kaolin, enviroment protective ceramic filter bulb and calper calcium peroxide to be substrate improvement;
2) after enviroment protective ceramic filter bulb is placed in dilute hydrochloric acid mass fraction 5%-10% immersion 2-5h, in being washed till with clear water Property, dry (moisture content is less than 5%);The preparation of a kind of enviroment protective ceramic filter bulb is prior art for process, and enviroment protective ceramic filter bulb is With industrial residue magnesium slag, flyash, gangue, clay as raw material, then add pore former (granules of polystyrene) and binding agent (carboxylic Methylcellulose and Ludox) etc. the magnesium slag enviroment protective ceramic filter bulb fired of dispensing (relevant preparation detailed process asks for an interview pottery Journal, in March, 2010, the 1st phase of volume 31, the regulation and control of the magnesium slag porous ceramic filter materials porosity);
3) ceramic filtration ball after clay, Kaolin, calper calcium peroxide and process is mixed by a certain percentage, make substrate improvement Material.
Described dilute hydrochloric acid, the i.e. mass fraction hydrochloric acid less than 20%.Achromaticity and clarification liquid.Highly acid.Irritant gas Taste.Belong to pharmaceutic adjuvant, pH value regulator.Can be used for scale removal, produce carbon dioxide (laboratory preparation method).Glass should be placed in Seal in glass bottle and preserve.
The restorative procedure of a kind of top layer soft high organic bed mud shallow lake, the steps include:
A) improveing region rational height in lakebed substrate is that the close of 30-50cm knits bamboo let (those of ordinary skill in the art All can prepare), prevent from improveing substrate diffusion and running off;
B) the ecological matrix material prepared being spilled into and sunk to lakebed on lake surface uniformly, it is 10-that paving spills thickness 20cm;
C) plant planting submerged plant and improve region in substrate, submerged plant is managed and maintenance, overcast and rainy or transparency Lower region is increased water surface intensity of illumination 5000-10000lx by additional light source, is carried out the pruning of plant leaf and decaying and plant Thing: the residual branch that rots, death or withered plant remove salvage.In soft high organic bed mud lake, top layer, submerged plant becomes Motility rate up to more than 90%, repair district water body be improved significantly, water transparency can improve more than 15cm, bed mud top layer (0- 10cm) Organic substance, total nitrogen and total tp removal rate can reach 55%, 10% and more than 25%.
Described submerged plant planting method is: wraps up above-mentioned substrate improved materials with degradable nonwoven fabrics and is prepared as plantation Carrier, is transplanted to submerged plant in carrier, sheds into river bed in lake surface;
Described submerged plant be water caltrop, Herba vallisneriae Spiralis, Haloragidaceae Myriophyllum spicatum, p.malaianus, Potamogeton maackianu, hornwort, she Happy algae and black algae is therein a kind of or the combination in any of two to eight kinds.
The present invention compared with prior art, has the following advantages and effect:
1, technological operation is simple, with low cost, environmental benefit and good in economic efficiency;
2, can effectively solve submerged plant in soft high organic bed mud lake, top layer to be difficult to field planting, be difficult to carry out ecology and repair Return to work the problems such as journey;
3, Kaolin contains the multiple macro-and trace-element useful to biological growth and development, is of value to determining of submerged plant Plant and multiply and the stablizing of water environment.Calper calcium peroxide can increase bed mud and the dissolved oxygen concentration of bottom water body, is conducive to improving Water quality, accelerates organic removal in bed mud, promotes plant growing further.The structure of enviroment protective ceramic filter bulb porous makes plant roots System will not rot because of anoxia, and improvement substrate can adsorb and accelerate the pollutant such as mineralising bed mud Organic substance in situ, and repaiies in position There is provided nutrient source for submerged plant primary growth while multiple bed mud, promote that root system of plant field planting and growth, beneficially waters are raw The recovery of state environment, accelerates recovery and the structure of whole ecosystem;
4, in top layer soft high organic bed mud lake, submerged plant survival rate, up to more than 90%, is repaired district's water body and is obtained Being obviously improved, water transparency can improve more than 15cm, bed mud top layer (0-10cm) Organic substance, total nitrogen and total tp removal rate up to To 55%, 10% and more than 25%.
Detailed description of the invention
In order to be better understood from the present invention, it is further elucidated with present disclosure below in conjunction with embodiment, but the present invention Content is not limited solely to the following examples.
Embodiment 1:
The substrate improved materials of a kind of top layer soft high organic bed mud shallow lake, it is by the raw material of following mass fraction Make:
Wherein: a kind of enviroment protective ceramic filter bulb, it is made up of the raw material of following mass fraction:
The preparation method of the substrate improved materials of a kind of top layer soft high organic bed mud shallow lake, the steps include:
1) raw material selecting clay, Kaolin, enviroment protective ceramic filter bulb and calper calcium peroxide to be substrate improvement;
2) enviroment protective ceramic filter bulb is placed in after dilute hydrochloric acid (mass fraction 5%) soaks 5h, is washed till neutrality with clear water, dry Standby;Enviroment protective ceramic filter bulb is with industrial residue magnesium slag, flyash, gangue, clay as raw material, then adds pore former (polyphenyl Ethylene granule) and the magnesium slag enviroment protective ceramic filter bulb fired of the dispensing such as binding agent (carboxymethyl cellulose and Ludox) (relevant Preparation detailed process asks for an interview pottery journal, in March, 2010, the 1st phase of volume 31, the regulation and control of the magnesium slag porous ceramic filter materials porosity);
3) ceramic filtration ball after clay, Kaolin, calper calcium peroxide and process is mixed by above-mentioned mass percent, be prepared as Substrate improvement ecological matrix material;
Described enviroment protective ceramic filter bulb is with industrial residue magnesium slag, flyash, gangue, Low-quality clay as raw material, then Add the dispensing such as pore former (granules of polystyrene) and binding agent (carboxymethyl cellulose and Ludox) to fire according to the above ratio and form (relevant preparation detailed process asks for an interview pottery journal, in March, 2010, the 1st phase of volume 31, the magnesium slag porous ceramic filter materials porosity Regulation and control).
The substrate improved materials of a kind of top layer soft high organic bed mud shallow lake, it is by the raw material of following mass fraction Make (%):
Embodiment 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Clay 70 70 65 65 65 62 60 60 60
Kaolin 20 20 15 15 18 18 20 20 18
Enviroment protective ceramic filter bulb 18 15 15 16 12 18 15 16 18
Calper calcium peroxide 2 5 5 4 5 2 5 4 4
Amount to 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
Its preparation process is same as in Example 1.
The restorative procedure of a kind of top layer soft high organic bed mud shallow lake, the steps include:
1) knit bamboo let at the close of lakebed substrate improvement region rational height about 30 or 35 or 40 or 45 or 50cm, prevent from changing The diffusion of well-founded matter and loss;
2) Ecological Restoration Area at top layer, Zhejiang Province soft high organic bed mud shallow lake implements the present invention, The host material prepared is spilled on this demonstration area lake surface uniformly lakebed, paving spill thickness be 10 13 or 15 or 17 or 20cm;
3), after paving spills 1 or 2d, wrap up above-mentioned substrate improved materials with degradable nonwoven fabrics and be prepared as planting carrier, will be about 5cm water caltrop, Herba vallisneriae Spiralis, Haloragidaceae Myriophyllum spicatum, p.malaianus, Potamogeton maackianu, hornwort, waterweed and black algae seedling replanting arrive In carrier, uniformly shed into lakebed in lake surface that (planting density is 60 strains/m2).Initial planting is overcast and rainy or transparency lower region (transparency is less than 0.5m) increases water surface intensity of illumination 5000lx by additional light source, and carries out periodic monitoring and maintenance, plantation After completing first 2 weeks, the monitoring cycle is every 2 days 1 time, the 3rd or 4 or 5 or 6 or 7 or 8 week, and the monitoring cycle is 1 times a week, hereafter Monthly monitoring 1 time.Monitoring index is: submerged plant growth situation, cover degree, Biomass etc..The most clear for field monitoring situation Except salvaging rot residual branch and dead or floating plant.
After planting 6 months, water caltrop, Herba vallisneriae Spiralis, Haloragidaceae Myriophyllum spicatum, p.malaianus, Potamogeton maackianu, hornwort, waterweed And black algae survival rate 90%, planting area 70% is covered by water plant, and reparation district, lake bed mud top layer (0-10cm) has Machine thing, total nitrogen and total tp removal rate respectively reach 55%, 10% and more than 20%.

Claims (7)

1. a substrate improved materials for the soft high organic in top layer bed mud shallow lake, it is by the mass fraction system of following raw material Become:
The steps include:
1) raw material selecting clay, Kaolin, enviroment protective ceramic filter bulb and calper calcium peroxide to be substrate improvement;
2) after enviroment protective ceramic filter bulb is placed in dilute hydrochloric acid mass fraction 5%-10% immersion 2-5h, it is washed till neutrality with clear water, dries;
3) ceramic filtration ball after clay, Kaolin, calper calcium peroxide and process is mixed by a certain percentage, make substrate improved materials.
The substrate improved materials of a kind of top layer the most according to claim 1 soft high organic bed mud shallow lake, it is special Levy and be:
The substrate improved materials of a kind of top layer the most according to claim 1 soft high organic bed mud shallow lake, it is special Levy and be:
The substrate improved materials of a kind of top layer the most according to claim 1 soft high organic bed mud shallow lake, it is special Levy and be:
The substrate improved materials of a kind of top layer the most according to claim 1 soft high organic bed mud shallow lake, it is special Levy and be:
The substrate improved materials of a kind of top layer the most according to claim 1 soft high organic bed mud shallow lake, it is special Levy and be:
7. the restorative procedure of a kind of top layer soft high organic bed mud shallow lake described in claim 1, the steps include:
A) improveing region rational height in lakebed substrate is that the close of 30-50cm knits bamboo let, prevents from improveing substrate diffusion and running off;
B) the ecological matrix material prepared being spilled into and sunk to lakebed on lake surface uniformly, it is 10-20cm that paving spills thickness;
C) plant planting submerged plant and improve region in substrate, submerged plant is managed and maintenance, overcast and rainy or transparency region Water surface intensity of illumination 5000-10000lx, the pruning carrying out plant leaf and the plant that decays is increased: rot residual by additional light source Branch, dead or withered plant remove salvage;
Described submerged plant planting method is: be prepared as planting carrier with non-woven wraps above-mentioned substrate improved materials, will be heavy Water plant transplantation, in carrier, is shed into river bed in lake surface;
Described submerged plant is water caltrop, Herba vallisneriae Spiralis, Haloragidaceae Myriophyllum spicatum, p.malaianus, Potamogeton maackianu, hornwort, waterweed And black algae is therein a kind of or the combination in any of two to eight kinds.
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Cited By (8)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107673478A (en) * 2017-10-31 2018-02-09 中冶华天工程技术有限公司 A kind of restoration methods of the changeable waters submerged plant of lake hydrological
CN108358682A (en) * 2018-02-09 2018-08-03 中国科学院水生生物研究所 A kind of ecological environment-friendly type submerged plant growth accelerating agent and preparation method and application
CN108781580A (en) * 2018-06-11 2018-11-13 中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所 The new method for excavating partially hard deposit lake clear water type ecosystem rapid build
CN108849468A (en) * 2018-06-11 2018-11-23 中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所 A kind of ecological recovery method of urban lakes submerged plant
CN108849294A (en) * 2018-06-11 2018-11-23 中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所 A kind of method of the fast quick-recovery submerged plant in high organic deposit lake
CN109534632A (en) * 2017-09-21 2019-03-29 天津大学 A kind of submerged plant-improver joint improves the in-situ remediation method of black-odor riverway bed mud
CN110818107A (en) * 2019-11-30 2020-02-21 中冶南方都市环保工程技术股份有限公司 Phosphorus-fixing oxygen-releasing material and preparation method and application thereof
CN113711887A (en) * 2020-05-25 2021-11-30 中国科学院水生生物研究所 Submerged plant grid type modular planting carrier, method and device

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CN101525165A (en) * 2009-04-20 2009-09-09 河北科技大学 Calcium peroxide preparation used for water fast oxygenation and preparation method thereof
CN104193126A (en) * 2014-08-28 2014-12-10 中国科学院水生生物研究所 Ecological substrate for hard-substrate shallow lake as well as preparation method for ecological substrate and substrate improving method

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JPS60261600A (en) * 1984-06-07 1985-12-24 Sumitomo Cement Co Ltd Bottom quality improving composition and its technique
CN101525165A (en) * 2009-04-20 2009-09-09 河北科技大学 Calcium peroxide preparation used for water fast oxygenation and preparation method thereof
CN104193126A (en) * 2014-08-28 2014-12-10 中国科学院水生生物研究所 Ecological substrate for hard-substrate shallow lake as well as preparation method for ecological substrate and substrate improving method

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109534632A (en) * 2017-09-21 2019-03-29 天津大学 A kind of submerged plant-improver joint improves the in-situ remediation method of black-odor riverway bed mud
CN107673478A (en) * 2017-10-31 2018-02-09 中冶华天工程技术有限公司 A kind of restoration methods of the changeable waters submerged plant of lake hydrological
CN108358682A (en) * 2018-02-09 2018-08-03 中国科学院水生生物研究所 A kind of ecological environment-friendly type submerged plant growth accelerating agent and preparation method and application
CN108781580A (en) * 2018-06-11 2018-11-13 中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所 The new method for excavating partially hard deposit lake clear water type ecosystem rapid build
CN108849468A (en) * 2018-06-11 2018-11-23 中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所 A kind of ecological recovery method of urban lakes submerged plant
CN108849294A (en) * 2018-06-11 2018-11-23 中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所 A kind of method of the fast quick-recovery submerged plant in high organic deposit lake
CN108781580B (en) * 2018-06-11 2021-09-07 中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所 Method for quickly constructing lake clear water type ecosystem by newly excavated hard sediments
CN110818107A (en) * 2019-11-30 2020-02-21 中冶南方都市环保工程技术股份有限公司 Phosphorus-fixing oxygen-releasing material and preparation method and application thereof
CN113711887A (en) * 2020-05-25 2021-11-30 中国科学院水生生物研究所 Submerged plant grid type modular planting carrier, method and device

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