CN105997213B - 股骨自锁髓内钉 - Google Patents

股骨自锁髓内钉 Download PDF

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CN105997213B
CN105997213B CN201610456277.4A CN201610456277A CN105997213B CN 105997213 B CN105997213 B CN 105997213B CN 201610456277 A CN201610456277 A CN 201610456277A CN 105997213 B CN105997213 B CN 105997213B
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CN105997213A (zh
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陈学东
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Suzhou Jimei Rui Medical Equipment Ltd By Share Ltd
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/56Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/68Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
    • A61B17/72Intramedullary pins, nails or other devices
    • A61B17/7233Intramedullary pins, nails or other devices with special means of locking the nail to the bone
    • A61B17/725Intramedullary pins, nails or other devices with special means of locking the nail to the bone with locking pins or screws of special form
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/56Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/68Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
    • A61B17/72Intramedullary pins, nails or other devices
    • A61B17/7216Intramedullary pins, nails or other devices for bone lengthening or compression
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/56Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/68Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
    • A61B17/72Intramedullary pins, nails or other devices
    • A61B17/7233Intramedullary pins, nails or other devices with special means of locking the nail to the bone
    • A61B17/7241Intramedullary pins, nails or other devices with special means of locking the nail to the bone the nail having separate elements through which screws pass
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/56Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B17/58Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor for osteosynthesis, e.g. bone plates, screws, setting implements or the like
    • A61B17/68Internal fixation devices, including fasteners and spinal fixators, even if a part thereof projects from the skin
    • A61B17/74Devices for the head or neck or trochanter of the femur
    • A61B17/742Devices for the head or neck or trochanter of the femur having one or more longitudinal elements oriented along or parallel to the axis of the neck
    • A61B17/744Devices for the head or neck or trochanter of the femur having one or more longitudinal elements oriented along or parallel to the axis of the neck the longitudinal elements coupled to an intramedullary nail
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/56Surgical instruments or methods for treatment of bones or joints; Devices specially adapted therefor
    • A61B2017/564Methods for bone or joint treatment

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Orthopedic Medicine & Surgery (AREA)
  • Surgery (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明提供一种股骨自锁髓内钉,涉及骨科用医疗器械技术领域。包括主钉、辅钉、螺旋刀片钉、孔道和尾帽,主钉远端设有连接部,螺旋刀片钉套接在连接部上,且螺旋刀片钉通过连接部能自由旋转,主钉远端周向均匀设置有向外发散的孔道,辅钉插置于主钉内,辅钉为由对应孔道数量的刚性针组成的束状体,且刚性针自对应孔道穿出,主钉近端为敞口结构,尾帽连接于主钉的敞口结构处并在主钉内与辅钉连接。本发明可充分对骨折线加压,有效防止骨头旋转错位。

Description

股骨自锁髓内钉
技术领域
本发明涉及骨科用医疗器械技术领域,具体涉及一种股骨自锁髓内钉。
背景技术
骨折是指由于外伤或病理等原因致使骨质部分或完全断裂的一种疾病。骨折的治疗遵循复位、固定、功能锻炼这三项基本原则。复位是将骨折后发生移位的骨折断端重新恢复正常或接近原有正常位置,以重新恢复骨骼的支架作用。骨折复位后,若无牢固固定,容易发生再移位,因此应在骨折复位后给予相应固定以促进骨折愈合。
骨折常用的固定方法分为外固定和内固定。随着内固定材料、手术方法不断改进以及人们对骨折治疗方法观念的转变,现今骨折多趋向于手术内固定治疗。内固定物可以大体分为髓外固定装置及髓内固定装置,从19世纪开始,接骨板与髓内钉逐步用于长管状骨骨折的治疗中。
髓内钉是一种医疗用的骨科内固定器械,中国专利“一种股骨绞锁髓内钉”(授权公告号CN203468719U)公开了一种股骨绞锁髓内钉,它包括近端和钉杆,二者为一体结构且为空心;该钉杆末端为远端;该近端呈水平放置,该钉杆与该近端所在水平面呈一第一角度,该近端与该钉杆所在竖直平面呈一第二角度;该近端设有若干个通孔,末端设有连接孔;该远端设有若干个通孔。该专利可起到部分防止骨折断端扭转作用,但是不能完全控制骨折断端的旋转、横向微动等问题。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一种充分对骨折线加压、有效防止骨头旋转错位的股骨自锁髓内钉。
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明提供一种股骨自锁髓内钉,包括主钉、辅钉、螺旋刀片钉、孔道和尾帽,所述主钉远端设有连接部,所述螺旋刀片钉套接在所述连接部上,且所述螺旋刀片钉通过所述连接部能自由旋转,所述主钉远端周向均匀设置有向外发散的孔道,所述辅钉插置于所述主钉内,所述辅钉为由对应所述孔道数量的刚性针组成的束状体,且所述刚性针自对应孔道穿出,所述主钉近端为敞口结构,所述尾帽连接于所述主钉的敞口结构处并在所述主钉内与所述辅钉连接,本发明的螺旋刀片钉与主钉连接可以自由旋转,主钉置入过程中,螺旋刀片钉打入远端松骨折后能够提供足够提拉力,保证将骨折缝隙提拉消除。
优选的,所述螺旋刀片钉包括钉头、尾套和销钉,所述钉头设有抗旋鳍,背向所述抗旋鳍一侧设有所述尾套,所述尾套为圆柱形中空结构,所述尾套侧面开有销钉孔,所述销钉孔与销钉相配合,此结构的螺旋刀片钉在主钉置入过程中,更容易打入远端松骨折并能够提供足够提拉力。
优选的,所述连接部为圆柱形结构,所述圆柱形结构与所述圆柱形中空结构间隙配合,且圆柱形结构周向开有环形凹槽,所述销钉通过销钉孔与所述环形凹槽间隙配合,此结构保证了螺旋刀片钉的旋转。
优选的,所述辅钉为由三根刚性针组成的束状体,且所述主钉的远端周向均匀设置三个孔道,本发明的辅钉通过主钉的孔道在远端分叉开来,***远端松骨折,可以有效防止远端骨折块旋转,防止复位失效。
优选的,所述孔道由内向外呈发散状穿透主钉,且在主钉表面形成辅钉槽,此结构方便辅钉的安装与取出。
优选的,所述螺旋刀片钉上设有与所述辅钉槽相配合的凹槽,所述凹槽沿螺旋刀片钉周向均匀分布,辅钉通过主钉的孔道在远端分叉开来,***远端松骨折后,辅钉卡在尾套上的凹槽中限制螺旋刀片钉旋转。
优选的,还包括近端锁钉和锁钉孔,所述主钉近端设有至少一个锁钉孔,所述尾帽上设有与所述锁钉孔相对应的通孔,所述锁钉孔和通孔贯穿有近端锁钉,骨折线合缝后打入近端锁钉,有效保证骨折处加压受力,同时可以保证主钉在髓腔内不旋转。
优选的,所述主钉的形状为弧形,所述弧形的弧度与股骨髓腔解剖形状的弧度相同。
本发明的有益效果:
1)原有股骨自锁钉使用上对骨折线加压不充分,本发明的螺旋刀片钉与主钉连接可以自由旋转,主钉置入过程中,螺旋刀片钉打入远端松骨折需要保证其能够自由旋转,打入松骨折后能够提供足够提拉力,保证将骨折缝隙提拉消除。
2)原有股骨自锁钉远端固定不稳定,抗旋转能力差,本发明的辅钉通过主钉的孔道在远端分叉开来,***远端松骨折,可以有效防止远端骨折块旋转,防止复位失效。
3)本发明设置的尾帽有效防止软组织长入股骨自锁髓内钉的空心型腔内。
4)本发明的主钉的外形为符合股骨髓腔解剖角度的形状,方便手术。
附图说明
附图用来提供对本发明的进一步理解,并且构成说明书的一部分,与本发明的实施例一起用于解释本发明,并不构成对本发明的限制。在附图中:
图1为本发明股骨自锁髓内钉的结构示意图;
图2为本发明股骨自锁髓内钉的螺旋刀片钉结构示意图;
图3为本发明股骨自锁髓内钉的连接部结构示意图;
图4为本发明股骨自锁髓内钉的远端结构示意图;
图5为本发明股骨自锁髓内钉的近端结构示意图;
图6为本发明股骨自锁髓内钉的辅钉结构示意图。
图中标记为:1、主钉;2、辅钉;21、刚性针;3、螺旋刀片钉;31、钉头;32、尾套;4、尾帽;41、通孔;5、连接部;51、环形凹槽;6、孔道;61、辅钉槽;62、凹槽;7、销钉孔;8、销钉;9、锁钉孔;10、近端锁钉。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图描述本发明的优选实施方式。
如图1至图6所示,本发明的一种股骨自锁髓内钉,包括主钉1、辅钉2、螺旋刀片钉3、尾帽4和孔道6,主钉1远端设有连接部5,螺旋刀片钉3套接在连接部5上,且螺旋刀片钉3通过连接部5能自由旋转,主钉1远端周向均匀设置有向外发散的孔道6,辅钉2插置于主钉1内,辅钉2为由对应孔道6数量的刚性针21组成的束状体,且刚性针21自对应孔道6穿出,主钉1近端为敞口结构,尾帽4连接于主钉1的敞口结构处并在主钉1内与辅钉2连接,本发明的螺旋刀片钉3与主钉1连接可以自由旋转,主钉1置入过程中,螺旋刀片钉3打入远端松骨折后能够提供足够提拉力,保证将骨折缝隙提拉消除。
螺旋刀片钉3包括钉头31、尾套32和销钉8,钉头31设有抗旋鳍,背向抗旋鳍一侧设有尾套32,尾套32为圆柱形中空结构,尾套32侧面开有销钉孔7,销钉孔7与销钉8相配合,此结构的螺旋刀片钉3在主钉1置入过程中,更容易打入远端松骨折并能够提供足够提拉力。
连接部5为圆柱形结构,圆柱形结构与圆柱形中空结构间隙配合,且圆柱形结构周向开有环形凹槽51,销钉8通过销钉孔7与环形凹槽51间隙配合,此结构保证了螺旋刀片钉3的旋转。
辅钉2为由三根刚性针21组成的束状体,且主钉1的远端周向均匀设置三个孔道6,本发明的辅钉2通过主钉1的孔道6在远端分叉开来,***远端松骨折,可以有效防止远端骨折块旋转,防止复位失效。
孔道6由内向外呈发散状穿透主钉1,且在主钉1表面形成辅钉槽61,此结构方便辅钉2的安装与取出。
螺旋刀片钉3上设有与辅钉槽61相配合的凹槽62,凹槽62沿螺旋刀片钉3周向均匀分布,辅钉2通过主钉1的孔道6在远端分叉开来,***远端松骨折后,辅钉2卡在尾套32上的凹槽62中限制螺旋刀片钉3旋转。
还包括锁钉孔9和近端锁钉10,主钉1近端设有至少一个锁钉孔9,尾帽4上设有与锁钉孔9相对应的通孔41,锁钉孔9和通孔41贯穿有近端锁钉10,骨折线合缝后打入近端锁钉10,有效保证骨折处加压受力,同时可以保证主钉1在髓腔内不旋转。
本发明的工作方式:
在进行实际手术时,医生先于股骨开孔,将主钉1插置股骨内腔至对应位置,螺旋刀片钉3打入远端松骨折,沿主钉1腔底部插置辅钉2,主钉1的一端设有等分周向的三个孔道6,孔道6由内向外呈发散状穿透主钉1,辅钉2为三个刚性针21组成的束状体,刚性针21自对应孔道6穿出,接入尾帽4,抵压尾帽4将辅钉2沿主钉1内腔的敞口处***,尾帽4对辅钉2束状体底端产生压力,使得辅钉2的三个刚性针21固定安插于股骨内腔壁,骨折线合缝后打入近端锁钉10并固接于股骨腔。本发明增加远端可旋转螺旋刀片钉3,打入远端松骨折中能够有效连接,通过器械提拉,充分对骨折线加压,主钉1内部三根辅钉2通过远端分叉***远端松质骨内可以有效防止骨头旋转错位,提高了骨科手术质量。
以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已,并不用于限制本发明,尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明,对于本领域的技术人员来说,其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (6)

1.一种股骨自锁髓内钉,其特征在于:包括主钉、辅钉、螺旋刀片钉、孔道和尾帽,所述主钉远端设有连接部,所述螺旋刀片钉套接在所述连接部上,且所述螺旋刀片钉通过所述连接部能自由旋转,所述主钉远端周向均匀设置有向外发散的孔道,所述辅钉插置于所述主钉内,所述辅钉为由对应所述孔道数量的刚性针组成的束状体,且所述刚性针自对应孔道穿出,所述主钉近端为敞口结构,所述尾帽连接于所述主钉的敞口结构处并在所述主钉内与所述辅钉连接,所述螺旋刀片钉包括钉头、尾套和销钉,所述钉头设有抗旋鳍,背向所述抗旋鳍一侧设有所述尾套,所述尾套为圆柱形中空结构,所述尾套侧面开有销钉孔,所述销钉孔与销钉相配合,所述连接部为圆柱形结构,所述圆柱形结构与所述圆柱形中空结构间隙配合,且圆柱形结构周向开有环形凹槽,所述销钉通过销钉孔与所述环形凹槽间隙配合。
2.根据权利要求1所述的股骨自锁髓内钉,其特征在于:所述辅钉为由三根刚性针组成的束状体,且所述主钉的远端周向均匀设置三个孔道。
3.根据权利要求1所述的股骨自锁髓内钉,其特征在于:所述孔道由内向外呈发散状穿透主钉,且在主钉表面形成辅钉槽。
4.根据权利要求3所述的股骨自锁髓内钉,其特征在于:所述螺旋刀片钉上设有与所述辅钉槽相配合的凹槽,所述凹槽沿螺旋刀片钉周向均匀分布。
5.根据权利要求1所述的股骨自锁髓内钉,其特征在于:还包括近端锁钉和锁钉孔,所述主钉近端设有至少一个锁钉孔,所述尾帽上设有与所述锁钉孔相对应的通孔,所述锁钉孔和通孔贯穿有近端锁钉。
6.根据权利要求1所述的股骨自锁髓内钉,其特征在于:所述主钉的形状为弧形,所述弧形的弧度与股骨髓腔解剖形状的弧度相同。
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