CN105993475B - Planting method for red soil hills with linear steep and steep slopes and terraced soil with two creeping rows at one high zone - Google Patents
Planting method for red soil hills with linear steep and steep slopes and terraced soil with two creeping rows at one high zone Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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Abstract
The red soil hill linear type steep and abrupt slope terraced soil one-high-belt two creeping planting method comprises the following steps: (1) selecting linear steep and abrupt slope ladder soil in a red soil hilly area, applying base fertilizer on the ladder surface, turning the land and leveling the ladder surface; (2) dibbling the corns; (3) in the sweet potato cutting period, 1 row of sweet potatoes are respectively cut on the inner side and the outer side of the step surface; or the watermelon is sown in the same period with the corn, and the watermelon is planted in 1 row outside the step surface; (4) and (5) performing field management on crops. The method selects the linear steep and steep hillside dry farmland terraced soil with the red soil hillside bank high enough as the object for implementing the high-belt two-creeping planting method, so that the area of the crops planted in the linear steep and steep hillside terraced fields of the red soil hillside is greatly increased, the land utilization rate is improved, the recycling and high-efficiency utilization of the land which is difficult to utilize are really realized, and the situations that the local land utilization rate is not high, the economy is laggard and the income of farmers is low can be changed.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a linear type steep and steep slope terraced soil one-high-belt two-creeping-row planting method, in particular to a linear type steep and steep slope terraced soil one-high-belt two-creeping-row planting method for a red soil hillock.
Background
Regarding the background technology of the red soil hill linear type steep and steep slope terraced soil one-high zone two creeping row planting method, firstly two concepts are clarified, namely steep and steep slopes, and secondly, the section optimization parameters of the horizontal terraced fields (soil).
The gradient is an important factor reflecting the steepness of the dry ploughed land. Agricultural strategies, land management (such as crop planting and fertilization, planting systems, returning to farming, etc.) and gradient are closely related. Therefore, dry ploughed lands are generally divided into 4 grades according to the gradient size, namely a flat slope (<8 degrees), a gentle slope (8 degrees to 15 degrees), a steep slope (15 degrees to 25 degrees) and a steep slope (>25 degrees). According to investigation, the proportion of the dry farmland steep slope in the red soil hilly region is maximum and reaches 51.32%; the gentle slope time accounts for 31.47%: the abrupt slope is third, accounting for 15.82%; the proportion of the flat slope is small, 1.39%, and the characteristic of multiple hills and steep slopes is reflected. The steep slope and abrupt slope dry farmland accounts for 67.14 percent and 2/3 percent, so that the steep and abrupt slope dry farmland is the main body of the red soil hill dry farmland, and the improvement of the utilization technical level of the steep and abrupt slope red soil dry farmland is emphasized.
The horizontal terraced soil is a land block with an equal height terraced surface, the construction of the horizontal terraced soil is to determine the terraced soil surface width and a ridge construction line (ridge height) according to the gradient of an original sloping field, and the terraced soil is required to be paid off along a contour line, and a large bend is taken as a place and a small bend is taken as a straight line; in actual construction, the economical and reasonable soil surface width and soil (stone) ridge height are selected according to the terrain so as to ensure the stability of the ridge, the leveling of the soil surface, the small land occupation of the ridge, the high land utilization rate, the small labor for constructing the ridge and backfilling, the convenient cultivation and management and the like. The relation between ridge height, soil surface width and gradient, namely the optimization parameters of the section of the horizontal terrace (soil) are shown in table 1 (xie court life, 2008).
The red soil hilly and steep dry farmland is a main body, parameters are optimized according to the section of a horizontal terrace (soil), the terrace (soil) surface width is 2-5m, and the ridge height is 1.5-2.0 m; although the terrace (soil) surface width is 2-5m, the ditch is arranged in the terrace surface, the ridge is arranged outside the terrace surface, the actual terrace surface is few, or the difference of the terrace surface and the ridge height area of the ridge is not large, only one plane is arranged, and the other plane is a vertical plane, and the plane can be used for planting crops, but in the prior art, the vertical plane cannot be utilized, so that the resource waste is caused.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of overcoming the defects of the prior art and provides a red soil hill linear steep and abrupt slope terraced soil one-high-belt two creeping planting method which can utilize the vertical surface of the soil and enlarge the planting area.
The technical scheme adopted for solving the technical problems is that the red soil hillock linear steep and abrupt slope terraced soil one-high-belt two-creeping row planting method comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting linear steep and abrupt slope ladder soil in a red soil hilly area, applying base fertilizer on the ladder surface, turning the land and leveling the ladder surface;
(2) dibbling corn (preferably 3-5 rows) (a high band);
(3) in the sweet potato cutting period, 1 row of sweet potatoes are respectively cut on the inner side and the outer side of the step surface; or planting watermelon, if planting watermelon and corn, seeding in the same period, only planting 1 row outside the step surface; (two crawl)
(4) And (5) performing field management on crops.
In the step (1), the terraced soil of the straight-line steep and steep dry-land in the red soil hilly area is straight-line, steep and steep, and the ridge is high enough only when the sloping field with the 2 factors becomes a ladder; certainly, the hilly land also has steep and steep slopes, and because the whole terrain of the hilly land is gentle and the cultivation rate is high, the hilly land and the hilly land are not cultivated generally and cannot become a ladder.
During the test, the steep slope terraces in hilly areas in Ningxiang county in Hunan province have the original slope of 17.9-22.6 degrees, the slope direction (south slope), the slope position (middle slope), the slope shape (linear slope), the thickness of the terraces of 50-70cm and the ridge height (inclined plane) of 1.94 m.
The step surface base fertilizer application, land turning and leveling are that half-decomposed organic fertilizer is applied to the soil surface, 37.5t-45t, 750 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and 760kg of potassium chloride are applied to each hectare, then 20-25Cm is dug deeply (the depth is dug as far as possible to increase the water storage volume), the leveling step surface is inclined inwards due to the fact that the outside height is high, and bamboo joint ditches are dug.
In the step (2), the corn is dibbled (in a high zone) in various modes, such as equal row spacing, small row spacing, high-density planting, large and small ridge intercropping and the like; the corn is planted on the flat ground, and the corn is planted at equal row spacing, small row spacing and high density, so that ventilation and light transmission are not facilitated, and large and small ridge intercropping is mostly adopted; the land of the invention is terraced soil, 3-5 rows of corns are terraced, the difference between terraced is more than 2m, the ventilation and light transmission are good, therefore, the land adopts the mode of equal row spacing, the plant row spacing is 0.3-0.36 multiplied by 0.6m, the density is 4.5-5.5 multiplied by 104The square meter is square meter per hour. If the step surface is wide, the corn is planted in more than 5 rows, or the corn is planted in large and small ridges, the large row spacing is 80-l 00cm, the small row spacing is 40-50 cm, and the density is (4.5-4.6) multiplied by 104The square meter is square meter per hour.
And (3) cutting 1 line of sweet potatoes (two creeping lines) on the inner side and the outer side of the terrace respectively, wherein a certain cutting method needs to be mastered for cutting, and the yield of the sweet potatoes is closely related to the planting node position, the node number and the density. The test result of the standardized cultivation technology shows that (abalone and chrysanthemum, 2014) the degree of the determination of the yield by each factor is the cuttage node (A)>Density (C)>Number of cutting nodes (B), level of each factorThe best combination of the method is ABC, namely the cutting node position is 12, the cutting node number is 3, and the density is 8.125 multiplied by 104The yield of the purple cloud sweet potatoes detoxified under the condition is 28.512t/h square meter (1900.79 kg/667 square meter), namely, every square meter per square meter (5417/667 square meter), firstly, the invention needs to make a test on the aspect of the sweet potato cuttage method, because the invention utilizes the vertical surface of the ridge (the ladder wall), the row spacing of the sweet potatoes is sufficient, so the density is changed into the plant spacing; test results show that the best combination is 8-10 cutting nodes, the number of the cutting nodes is 3, and the plant spacing is 10-15 Cm; in addition, the watermelon has the characteristics of continuous cropping, waterlogging, drought, developed root system and the like, if the land conditions are deficient, sweet potatoes are preferably planted, and the biggest benefit of planting the sweet potatoes is that the full coverage of the land can be realized, and the water and soil loss can be reduced.
In the step (4), two points should be noted in the field management of the crops, namely, the potassium content of the red soil hills is generally low, and the corn and the sweet potatoes are potassium-loving crops (the potassium deficiency in the corn field cannot be effectively controlled and the yield is reduced by 50%), so that the fertilizer is required to be applied well, and a sufficient amount of potassium should be applied to avoid the potassium deficiency of the corn from the source. Secondly, the sweet potato is suitable for cutting density, and the discussion is provided here because when the density is high, the small potatoes are more, the large potatoes are less and the yield is higher; when the density is small, small potatoes are few, and large potatoes are many, but the high yield is not always high. Therefore, when the potatoes are planted, density tests, mainly plant spacing density tests, are required, and the row spacing does not have the size, so that 1 ladder only can be used for planting 2 rows, and sufficient space is provided for the vines to climb.
The technical scheme of the invention can be subjected to benefit analysis, and the ecological benefit, the social benefit and the economic benefit brought by the invention are comprehensively analyzed, so that a decision basis is provided for the reasonable utilization of the red soil hilly linear steep and abrupt slope terrace.
Further improved optimization scheme.
In order to better achieve the full coverage of the land, the Chinese alpine rush is planted on the ladder wall, 1 line is planted at the bottom of the ladder wall, and 1 line is planted between 30 to 40Cm until the top of the ladder wall to form the Chinese alpine rush quilt.
The invention improves the soil contribution rate of the red soil hillock linear steep and abrupt slope terraced soil from another way, which not only enlarges the planting area (the utilization of the vertical surface of the soil), but also skillfully utilizes the agronomic characters of crops (the climbing edge of the lianas only needs space, whether the climbing edge is a plane or the vertical surface), provides a high-band two-creeping planting method which is suitable for the hillock linear steep and abrupt slope terraced fields (soil) and the red soil hillock linear steep and abrupt slope terraced fields (soil), so as to fully utilize the ridge bank of the red soil hillock steep and abrupt slope terraced fields (soil), develop the characteristic agriculture, relieve the human-land contradiction in the red soil hillock region and revive the local economy. The invention utilizes the vertical surface, plants crops and improves the land output.
The method selects the linear steep and steep hillside dry land terraced soil with the red soil hillside bank high enough as an object for implementing a high-belt two-creeping-row planting method, and adopts the measures of deep ploughing and soil preparation, multiple application of organic fertilizer, multiple application of potassium fertilizer, bamboo joint ditch digging, timely transplanting, improvement of planting modes (corn large and small ridge intercropping, reasonable cuttage node position of sweet potato, cuttage node number, density), fertilizer and water management and the like, so that the area of the linear steep and hillside terraced field crop with the red soil hillside is greatly increased, the land utilization rate is improved, the recycling and efficient utilization of the land which is difficult to utilize is really realized (compared with single corn, the corn yield difference is not obvious, the additionally harvested sweet potato is 30-40 t/h), and the local land utilization rate and economic lag can be changed, and the local area with low income of farmers can be changed.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples.
Example 1
1. And (6) selecting the land.
(1) And (4) selecting a slope type. The slope type of the sloping field can be generally divided into 5 types, such as a linear slope, a concave slope, a convex slope, a step slope, a mixed slope and the like; the slope surfaces of the slopes with different slopes are different from each other in the ratio of the step sills, the straight-line slopes are more consistent, the similarity is good, and the invention selects the straight-line steep and steep slope terraces as the implementation time.
(2) And (4) selecting stubble. When the watermelon is planted, the crops can be reasonably rotated (without continuous cropping) and the crops with early harvest and longer idle period are selected, and the crops with bean and peanut are forbidden (due to the serious blight).
(3) And (4) selecting the terrain. The dry land crops are not wet or waterlogging, and the dry and cool land is selected, so that any terraced soil is provided, and only ditches need to be opened and communicated without waterlogging.
(4) And (4) selecting irrigation. The terraced soil has a certain irrigation capacity, and particularly when crops requiring more water such as watermelons and the like are planted, the irrigation is more important, however, steep and steep slope terraced fields are provided with irrigation facilities, the self-flow irrigation is less, and the only method for solving the irrigation is to dig a large pit (reservoir) in the terraced fields or places easy to accumulate water so as to accumulate rainwater and snow water, and connect a plurality of reservoirs by using water diversion ditches so as to accumulate more rainwater for crop utilization.
Land preparation:
(1) and (5) land preparation test design. In 2007, a land preparation test was performed in the maple bridge county in Ningxiang county; the test is designed with 4 treatments, namely applying base fertilizer, deeply digging the ground (20-25Cm), digging the bamboo joint ditch (treatment 1), not applying the base fertilizer, deeply digging the ground, digging the bamboo joint ditch (treatment 2), applying the base fertilizer, shallowly digging the ground (10-12Cm), digging the bamboo joint ditch (treatment 3), applying the base fertilizer, deeply digging the ground (20-25Cm), and not digging the bamboo joint ditch (treatment 4). All are cell tests, the area of a cell is 10x20m =200 square meters, and no repetition is set; 1.2m wide protection rows are arranged around the test area, and 1 runoff pool is built in each cell; and (4) measuring runoff sediment, corn yield and sweet potato yield.
(2) And (5) comparing soil preparation effects. 4 whole land method comparison, runoff, treatment 1< treatment 2< treatment 3< treatment 4, and the flow reduction rate of treatment 1 is 15.8%, 45.5% and 50.7% compared with that of treatment 2, treatment 3 and treatment 4 respectively; the corn and sweet potato yields are respectively 5.6%, 19.8% and 98.5% in the treatment 1, the treatment 4, the treatment 3 and the treatment 2, and 7.8%, 24.3% and 87.3% in the treatment 1, the treatment 4, the treatment 3 and the treatment 2 (table 2).
Sweet potato yield refers to fresh sweet potato without breaking raw grain.
2. And D, dibbling the corns. The red soil hill straight-line steep and abrupt slope terrace soil seed corn belongs to the dry-land corn, and practices prove that the drought-resistant cultivation technology can improve the utilization rate of the dry-land corn to natural rainfall, and is an important means for stably increasing the yield.
(1) And (5) sowing. The red soil hilly land regular autumn drought threatens the dry land corn greatly, and the threatens of the autumn drought are reduced, so that the sowing period can be advanced; however, in the red soil hilly area, the suitable sowing period of the corn is 4 middle ten days (half a month later than that in the red soil hilly area), how to carry out early sowing period and how to carry out seedling culture in a nutrition pot is a good method, and tests show that the corn can be sowed 1 month early, the early growth period is 12-16 days, and the yield per unit area is improved by 9.7 percent (which means the normal mature value).
(2) Density. The density is the comprehensive embodiment of the cultivation level and is limited by various factors such as soil, rainfall, fertilization, illumination and the like. The density test result shows that the density of the red soil hillock linear steep hillside terraced soil corn is (4.5-5.5) multiplied by 104The corn is suitable for square meter per hour, compact and short in growing period, and the density of the corn is 5.5 multiplied by 104The corn with the square meter per hour has the flat and flat shape and the corn with the longer growing period has the density of 4.5 multiplied by 104The corn density is 5.5 multiplied by 10 when the square meter is planted per hour and the soil fertility is high4The corn with low fertility has a density of 4.5 multiplied by 10 per square meter4The square meter is square meter per hour.
(3) And (6) fertilizing. The invention applies 60-70% of nitrogen fertilizer, the whole phosphorus-potassium fertilizer and the rest 30-40% of nitrogen fertilizer as additional fertilizer.
(4) Chemical weeding. The corn has large exposed soil area, the weeds grow fast, even in intertillage, the threat of the grassy wasteland is still large, the chemical weeding is needed, the grassy wasteland can be avoided firstly, the intertillage labor can be avoided secondly, the mechanical seedling damage can be reduced thirdly, and the soil moisture consumed by the grassy is reduced fourthly; by applying herbicide tests, the corn ear 2250-4500 ears can be increased per hectare, and the water content of a soil layer with the thickness of 0-20Cm is increased by 1.7-3.5%.
3. And (5) cutting sweet potatoes.
(1) Summary of the cutting sweet potato test. Test site-the maple bridge county of northwest county of xiang; test variety-Shuangwan No. 2 (high-yield high-starch sweet potato); the test soil-granite red soil has moderate fertility; test time-cuttage in 6 months and 7 days in 2008; harvested in 10 months and 25 days.
(2) And (5) carrying out cuttage sweet potato test design. Taking cutting node positions (A), cutting node numbers (B) and cutting plant spacing (C) as investigation factors; each factor is set at 3 levels, and the factor and level settings are as shown in table 3.
3 factors (A, B, C) plus 3 levels, according to L9(34) Orthogonal experimental design, total of 9 factor level combinations (treatments), A1B1C1(treatment 1) A1B2C2(treatment 2) A1B3C3(treatment 3) A2B1C2(treatment 4) A2B2C3(treatment 5) A2B3C1(treatment 6) A3B1C3(treatment 7) A3B2C1(treatment 8) A3B3C2(processing 9), repeating for 3 times, wherein the total number of the cells is 27, the length of each cell is 5m, the width of each cell is 2m, the area of each cell is 10 square meters, and the cells are randomly arranged in blocks; a1.0 m walk is left in the treatment room, the interval is 50cm, each hole is used for planting a single plant, and the yield (g) of the single plant is measured at the time of harvesting and converted into the yield per unit area.
(3) And (5) cutting sweet potato test results. The average single-output amplitude of each treatment is 13296.6-29874.9 kg/h square meter, and the yield is treated from low to high in sequence by 3<Process 1<Treatment 2<Treatment 5<Treatment 4<Treatment 6<Treatment 7<Process 9<Treatment 8; by taking the treatment 3(A1B3C3) with the lowest yield as a base number (0), compared with each treatment, the treatment 8 (A3B 2C 1) is improved by 124.7 percent and is improved by more than 1 time than the treatment 3, namely, the cuttage node position is 10, the cuttage node number is 3, and the factor horizontal combination of the plant spacing is 10Cm is the best; the yield was slightly inferior to that of treatment 9(A3B3C2), which was 114.8% higher than that of treatment 3 and was also 1-fold higher, i.e., skewerThe cutting node position is 10, the cutting node number is 4, and the horizontal combination of the factors with the plant spacing of 20Cm is good; the 3 rd bits are treatment 7(A3B1C3) and treatment 6(A2B3C1), which are 70.1-78.1% higher than treatment 3; treatment 1 (A)1B1C1) The yield increase rate of the cutting is only 4.2% compared with that of the cutting 3, the difference is not obvious, namely, the horizontal combination of the factors with the cutting node position of 2, the cutting node number of 2 and the plant spacing of 10Cm is equivalent to that of the factors with the cutting node position of 2, the cutting node number of 4 and the plant spacing of 30Cm, and the horizontal combination is not good, and meanwhile, the relationship that the cutting node number and the plant spacing are restricted with each other is shown in the table 4.
4. And (5) field management.
(1) Summary of potassium fertilizer tests. In 2008, potassium fertilizer dosage tests of red soil hilly and hilly terraced soil corn (1 high belt) and sweet potatoes (2 crawl rows) are performed in maple bridge village in the county of Ningxiang county in North Hunan province. Let N20P5K10(treatment 1) N20P5K7.5(treatment 2) N20P5K5(treatment 3) and the like for 3 treatments; all are cell tests, the area of the cell is 20x10m =200 square meters, and no repetition is set; transplanting corn nutrition pot seedlings in 2008 in 4 and 9 days, and cutting sweet potatoes in 6 and 3 days; measuring yield of corn and sweet potato.
(2) And (5) testing results of potassium fertilizer. The yield of the corn and the sweet potato is treatment 1, treatment 2 and treatment 3; the corn yield increased by 11.6% and 19.7% for treatment 1 compared with treatment 2 and treatment 3, respectively, and the sweet potato yield increased by 16.1% and 34.4% for treatment 1 compared with treatment 2 and treatment 3, respectively (table 5).
The sweet potato is fresh potato and is not folded into raw grain.
5. And (6) analyzing benefits. The red soil hill linear type steep and steep hillside terraced soil one-high-belt two-creeping-row planting method can not only excavate the ecological potential (utilization of vertical surface) of the soil seed crop, but also increase the ground coverage and reduce the water and soil loss, and compared with the traditional planting method, the method has the advantages of high crop yield and high yield; meanwhile, the labor force can be fully exerted, the labor efficiency is improved, and the method is a new way for surplus labor force in rural areas.
(1) And (4) ecological benefit. The most obvious ecological benefit is to increase the ground coverage and reduce the water and soil loss. The flow reducing benefits of different land preparation methods when the red soil hillock linear steep and steep slope terraced soil is used for implementing a high-belt two-creeping planting method are explained in the foregoing, and the flow reducing benefits of the method for applying base fertilizer, deeply digging the ground and digging the bamboo joint ditches are 50.7 percent, 45.5 percent and 15.8 percent (see the land preparation part of a specific implementation mode) compared with the method for applying the base fertilizer, deeply digging the ground and digging the bamboo joint ditches; compared with the traditional planting method, the red soil hill linear type steep and steep slope terraced soil is applied with a high-belt two-creeping-row planting method, because two creeping-row sweet potatoes are added, the ground coverage rate is improved by 62.7 percent (sweet potato coverage is superior to corn in both coverage thickness and coverage time), surface runoff passes through the ground coverage, most of the surface runoff is intercepted except a small part of the surface runoff is absorbed, the surface runoff is dispersed and flows out, and the scouring force is greatly weakened, so that the water and soil loss of terraced soil is reduced. According to analysis of experimental data in 2009 from 2008-; under the condition of one rainfall of 51.3mm (7 months and 22 days), the surface runoff is reduced by 88.7 percent, and the soil erosion amount is reduced by 94.3 percent (the difference of reducing the flow and the sand by 2 times is completely the difference of covering in red works). The high-belt two-creeping planting method can provide preferable conditions for water and soil conservation, has high coverage, can reach more than 80 percent before sweet potatoes are harvested in autumn, can effectively intercept rainfall, avoids raindrops from directly striking the ground surface, and is favorable for maintaining water and soil; and secondly, the root system is increased, according to survey, the average root weight is increased by 132.7 percent compared with the average root weight of the traditional planting, and the root system can play a role in consolidating the soil and enhancing the corrosion resistance of the soil. Thirdly, because the sweet potatoes have a small amount of fallen leaves (corn is basically not existed), a certain amount of dry branches and fallen leaves are provided for the ground surface every year, the average dry weight of the fallen leaves per year is 32g per square meter, and the fallen leaves can slow down the runoff of the ground surface on one hand and provide a rich organic matter source for the ground surface on the other hand. Improving the living coverage, reducing the water and soil loss and fertilizing the soil fertility, which is the ecological benefit of the planting method of creeping rows with two rows in a high area.
(2) Social benefits. From the aspect of land utilization, the method of planting the high-area two creeping rows is the reutilization of the land, because the gradient of the vertical surface (the wall) of the terraced soil is too large, the land is rarely used for agriculture in the past, and only a few of grass seeds are prevented from being corroded; the vertical surface is agricultural and used as a climbing space for the vines of the creeping crops, so that the effect of covering and scour prevention can be achieved, the available land area can be enlarged, the invention is undoubtedly a social public benefit invention for mountainous areas with few cultivated lands, and the invention is also an important measure for comprehensively treating the environment and realizing efficient utilization of the land.
(3) And (4) economic benefits. On the whole, the one-high-belt two-creeping planting method enables terraced soil ground conditions to tend to be optimized, and enhances the capability of agriculture to resist natural disasters, thereby laying the foundation of crop production, improving the yield of corn and sweet potato and ensuring the yield of grain. According to the test, in the same land, the single high-belt double-creeping planting method is used for planting the corn in a single mode, the yield of the corn is not reduced (the difference is not significant), 30-40t/h of sweet potatoes are additionally harvested, namely every 667 square meter is converted into 2000 plus one square meter of 2700kg, the cost is deducted, the pure profit of 4500 plus one square meter of 5000 yuan per h is increased every year, and the pure profit is equivalent to the pure profit of 5700 yuan per h of the single corn per year, namely, 1 hectare terraced soil corn, and if the single high-belt double-creeping planting method is implemented, the value (grain yield, production value, pure profit and the like) of 2 hectare can be created.
Claims (6)
1. The red soil hill linear type steep and abrupt slope terraced soil one-high-belt two creeping planting method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) selecting linear steep and abrupt slope ladder soil in a red soil hilly area, applying base fertilizer on the ladder surface, turning the land and leveling the ladder surface;
(2) dibbling the corns;
(3) in the sweet potato cutting period, sweet potatoes are respectively cut on the inner side and the outer side of the trapezoidal surface; or the watermelon is sown in the same period with the corn, and the watermelon is only planted outside the step surface;
(4) performing crop field management;
the Chinese alpine rush is planted on the ladder wall, 1 line is planted at the bottom of the ladder wall, and 1 line is planted again at the interval of 30-40Cm until the top of the ladder wall is reached to form the Chinese alpine rush quilt.
2. The linear steep slope one-high-zone two-creeping planting method for the red soil hills in the step (1), which is characterized in that in the step (1), base fertilizer is applied to the terraces, the soil is turned over, and the half-rotten organic fertilizer is applied to the soil surface, 37.5t-45t per hectare, 760kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and 760kg of potassium chloride are applied per hectare, the terraces are deeply dug for 20-25Cm, the leveling terraces are inclined inwards due to the fact that the terraces are high outside, and bamboo ditches are dug.
3. The linear steep slope terraced soil-high belt two-creeping row planting method for red soil hills according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the step (2) is to dibble seeding 3-5 rows of corns.
4. The linear steep hilly and abrupt slope terraced soil-high belt two-creeping row planting method of the red soil hilly land of claim 1 or 2, wherein the corn in the 3 nd to 5 th row in the step (2) is a ladder, the difference of the ladder is more than 2m, the mode of equal row spacing is adopted, the row spacing of the plants is (0.3 to 0.36) x 0.6m, and the density is (4.5 to 5.5) x104Every square meter is square; if the step surface is wide, the corn is planted in more than 5 rows, large and small ridges are used for intercropping, the large row spacing is 80-l 00cm, the small row spacing is 40-50 cm, and the density is (4.5-4.6) multiplied by 104The square meter is square meter per hour.
5. The red soil hill linear steep slope terraced soil one-high zone two-creeping row planting method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that in step (3), 1 row of sweet potatoes are respectively planted inside and outside the terraced surface, the planting node position is 8-10, the number of planting nodes is 3, and the planting distance is 10-15 Cm.
6. The red soil hill straight steep, hilly terraced soil one high zone two crawl planting method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, in the step (4), the crop field management, a sufficient amount of potassium is applied.
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Effective date of registration: 20210802 Address after: 410004 Hunan Institute of economic geography, No. 506, Qingyuan Road, Tianxin District, Changsha City, Hunan Province Patentee after: Xie Tingsheng Patentee after: Hunan Jingdi Technology Development Co.,Ltd. Address before: 410004 Hunan Institute of economic geography, No. 506, Qingyuan Road, Tianxin District, Changsha City, Hunan Province Patentee before: Xie Tingsheng |