CN105993259B - Host material and restorative procedure for mining area hillock restoration of the ecosystem - Google Patents
Host material and restorative procedure for mining area hillock restoration of the ecosystem Download PDFInfo
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- CN105993259B CN105993259B CN201610315970.XA CN201610315970A CN105993259B CN 105993259 B CN105993259 B CN 105993259B CN 201610315970 A CN201610315970 A CN 201610315970A CN 105993259 B CN105993259 B CN 105993259B
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- gangue
- hillock
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- root system
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
- Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a kind of host material for the exposed hillock slope ecological reparation in mining area.Host material sprouts layer by seed and root system inducing layer two parts are formed, and is mainly made up of the gangue after loam, acidifying, Inorganic nonmetal mineral, string, water-loss reducer, granule agent, disinfectant, composite fertilizer, seed mix etc..Good, the anti-erosion with water conservation, fertilizer conservation, stability, and the features such as plant easy planting；By the use of gangue the like waste as main matrix material, soil moved in improve the original use can be effectively reduced, improves the soil environment of abandoned mine, reduces environmental pollution, save the cost of ecological recovery.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Ecological Restoration Project, more particularly to a kind of host material for mining area hillock restoration of the ecosystem and
The method of restoration of the ecosystem.
Background technology
Along with coal mining construction, a large amount of exposed hillock side slopes are formed, and easily produce landslide, avalanche, mud-rock flow etc.
Geological hazards, it is badly in need of ecological management.Hillock side slope top layer does not have the soil that plant normal growth is developed, vegetation growth hair
Moisture and nutrient necessary to educating are unable to normal supply, and hillock slope ecological recovery key is to create soil on side slope surface
Condition, it can stablize and lasting provide nutrient and moisture guarantee for plant growth.
Existing mining area hillock restoration of the ecosystem is mainly covering with new soil, and the soil horizon nutrient content formed is low, soil moisture conservation
Poor performance, soil stability is poor, and plant is not easy quick planting, easily callapsed landslide, and due to being largely derived under condition of raining
Vegetable soil in locality arable land, not only causes the destruction of limited soil resource, and considerably increase the cost of construction.
Gangue is the discarded object in coal mining and washing process, and gangue is stored up for a long time, takes a large amount of soils, pollution
Water quality, the gangue of bulk deposition have also occupied increasing arable land, constitute the dual destruction to ecology and environment；It is another
Aspect, gangue are a kind of natural resources for being available for developing and utilizing again.Gangue (mining and select coal tailing) is containing richer
Trace element in silicon, copper, zinc, iron, manganese etc. necessary to rich organic carbon (organic matter) and crop growth, it is native available for improving
Earth structure, strengthen the fertility of soil, make increasing crop yield, improve quality of agricultural product.
The content of the invention
It is a kind of for the host material of mining area hillock restoration of the ecosystem and the side of restoration of the ecosystem present invention aims at providing
Method, the host material and method can substitute part soil as main matrix material by the use of gangue the like waste, not be only to plant
Thing growth provides good matrix environment, and can also reduce rainfall erosion and wind erosion, reduces the runoff loss of water and soil, and can drop
The cost of low coal gangue hill restoration of the ecosystem.
To achieve the above object, technical solution provided by the invention is：
A kind of host material for mining area hillock restoration of the ecosystem provided by the invention, layer is sprouted by seed and root system lures
Conducting shell in mass ratio 1: 2-6 forms；Seed sprouts layer and mainly promotes seed quick-speed germination, meets the stable moisture of Seedling Stage and battalion
Supply is supported, is taken root for seedling and stable space is provided, ensures that plant seedlings endanger from soil pest and disease damage；Root system inducing layer mainly promotees
Enter the quick of root system of plant to build up, meet plant late growing stage process moisture and nutrient demand, promote root system of plant with it is domatic
Anchor connection, ensure plant in Rock Slope Stability planting.
The seed sprouts the raw material of layer as mass fraction：Loam 70-80, expanded vermiculite 10-15, string
10-15, water-loss reducer 0.1-0.3, granule agent 0.1-0.2, disinfectant 0.01-0.03, composite fertilizer 0.5-0.8, seed mix 1-
2；
The raw material of the root system inducing layer are as mass fraction：Gangue 30-50, mineral after loam 20-40, acidifying
Mixture 5-15, expanded vermiculite 5-15, string 10-15, water-loss reducer 0.1-0.3, granule agent 0.1-0.2, disinfectant 0.01-
0.03rd, composite fertilizer 0.5-1.2,
Described loam is local ground surface soil, further preferably through air-dried, crushing, crosses 5mm sieves, soil sand grains content exists
3-5%, water content 12-16% local ground surface soil.
Gangue after described acidifying, obtained by the way that method is produced by below：By mass fraction by gangue 75~95,
Concave-convex clay rod 5~20 and magnesia 0.2~2, which are inputted in mixer, to be stirred, and it is 1~10% dilute sulphur to be slow added into concentration
Acid, carry out acidification；By the mixture after acidification, it is transported in swinging drying oven and is calcined, at 235~360 DEG C
Roasting 2~3 hours, product water content≤3% after roasting, the gangue semi-finished product after being as acidified；By mass fraction will half into
Product 90~99, quick dissolved sodium silicate 0.2~3, polyvinyl alcohol 0.2~6, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose 0.02~2 and sodium carbonate 0.5~
It is milled in 2.5 input grinders, grain fineness≤3 millimeter, the powder after milling is the gangue after being acidified.After acidifying
Gangue can improve coal gangue hill due to alkalescence situation that is too strong and being not suitable for revegetation, be provided well for plant growth
Matrix environment.
Described mineral intermixture is that mass ratio is apatite：Orthoclase：Medical stone=1.5-2：2-3：1 and cross 5mm
The mixture of sieve.Main function is the structure for the matrix material mixture for improving injection, in favor of the growth of plant, and is supplied to
Nutrient (phosphorus, potassium, trace element) needed for plant long term growth.
Described seed mix is shrub in mass ratio: draft=20-30: 70-80 is prepared, native country vegetation and plant species
Seed mix.
Described expanded vermiculite, is function packing material, unit weight about 0.2g/cm3, absorb water about 3 times, vermiculite particle diameter is less than 1-
3mm, there is water retention property, buffer volume variation caused by water-loss reducer, lift the infiltrating performance of moisture.
Described string, it is with straw (one kind or several of the stalk such as corn, wheat, straw, sorghum, cereal
Kind) be raw material, it is 2-3cm to be ground into length, spontaneous fermentation, decomposed is handled 20-50 days.It mainly plays improved soil and supplies plant
Long-term nutrient demand needed for thing growth.
Described water-loss reducer can provide moisture for plant growth, ensure that maintenance can be stored in root rapidly with water and natural rainfall
It is in layer, root system of plant can be released to when plant needs moisture to supply, main component is that polyacrylic acid potassium-polyacrylamide is common
Aggressiveness, 0.9% saline solution-absorbency multiplying power 50-100, particle diameter 0.2-0.5mm, service life more than 3 years.
Described granule agent is advantageous to the formation of the crumb structure of host material, and main component is polyacrylamide, molecule
Measure 800w, particle diameter 0.2-0.5mm, anionic.
Described disinfectant is root zone mixture sterilization material, can stablize the microflora of root zone mixture, subtract
For few disease with going mouldy, main component is nitrolim, is a kind of green soil disinfectant of combination of pesticide and fertilizer, has high-efficiency sustained-release nitrogen
Fertile function, it can largely provide calcium ion, noresidue after decomposition.
Described composite fertilizer be mainly used to supply plant growth needed for a great number of elements (nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium), composite fertilizer it is various
Effective element mass fraction ratio is N：P：K=15：30：15.Various effective elements in chemical fertilizer are carried by following substances respectively
For：Nitrogen is taken from urea or/and ammonium sulfate or/and Diammonium phosphate (DAP), phosphorus are taken from calcium superphosphate or/and Diammonium phosphate (DAP) or/and phosphorus
Acid dihydride potassium, potassium are taken from potassium sulfate or/and potassium chloride or/and potassium dihydrogen phosphate.
A kind of method of mining area hillock restoration of the ecosystem provided by the invention, step are：
1) first the raw material of root system inducing layer are mixed by above-mentioned defined quality proportioning, stirs, sprayed with spray seeder
Broadcast on exposed hillock side slope surface, thickness is 8~15cm；
2) after root system inducing layer sows grass seeds by duster completion 18-22 hours, then by the raw material of seed sprouting layer by above-mentioned defined
Quality proportioning mixes, and stirs, and is sowed grass seeds by duster with spray seeder and induces layer surface in root system, thickness is 3~5cm；
3) and then carry out regular moisture maintenance management 3-6 month.
Beneficial effects of the present invention：
Present invention material based on gangue and other discarded objects, through suitable processing and proportioning, is formulated as matrix material
Material, using the teaching of the invention it is possible to provide the reasonable physical structure needed for plant growth, nutrient and the moisture balance between supply and demand of plant long term growth are ensured, with
Plant collective effect, closing is domatic, resists rainfall erosion and wind erosion, improves hillock slope stability.Host material to
The present situation that soil moved in improve the original is largely used in current mining area hillock revegetation is substituted, reduces mining area vegetation Resuming agent, while also
The recycling of hillock discarded object can be achieved.The present invention can not only solve the native problem of mining area hillock revegetation, reduce
Mine ecology reconstructed cost, the problem of environmental pollution caused by hillock the like waste is also solved, meet society to improving ore deposit
The demand of mountain hillock ecological environmental condition, there is certain society, ecology and economic benefit.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 host materials of the present invention are used for mining area hillock restoration of the ecosystem schematic diagram, in figure：1- host materials, 2- seeds
Sprout layer, 3- root system inducing layers, 4- hillock side slopes.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
(1) preparation of matrix raw material：
Loam：Local ground surface soil is chosen, air-dries, crush, crossing 5mm sieves, 3%, water content exists soil sand grains content
12%；
Mineral intermixture：Apatite, orthoclase, medical stone crush, and cross 5mm sieves, each component mass ratio is apatite：It is positive long
Stone：Medical stone=2：3：1；
Expanded vermiculite：Unit weight about 0.2g/cm3, absorb water about 3 times, vermiculite particle diameter is less than 3mm；
String is using corn and wheat stalk as primary raw material, and length is 3cm after crushing, corn and wheat stalk
Ratio is 2: 8, spontaneous fermentation, decomposed processing 30 days is carried out to stalk mixture, with as plant fiber-based matter；
Water-loss reducer：Composition is polyacrylic acid potassium-polyacrylamide amine copolymer, 0.9% saline solution-absorbency multiplying power 50-100,
Particle diameter 0.3mm, service life more than 3 years；
Granule agent：Polyacrylamide, molecular weight 800w, particle diameter 0.2mm, anionic；
Disinfectant：Nitrolim；
Composite fertilizer：N：P：K=15：30：15.
Gangue after acidifying：Gangue 85, Concave-convex clay rod 13 and magnesia 2 are inputted into mixer by mass fraction
Middle stirring, it is 6% dilute sulfuric acid to be slow added into concentration, carries out acidification；By the mixture after acidification, revolution is transported to
It is calcined, is calcined 3 hours at 300 DEG C, product water content≤3% after roasting in formula drying oven, the gangue after being as acidified half
Finished product；By mass fraction by semi-finished product 95, quick dissolved sodium silicate 1.5, polyvinyl alcohol 1.5, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose 0.5 and carbonic acid
Sodium 1.5 is inputted in grinder and is milled, grain fineness≤3 millimeter, and the powder after milling is the gangue after being acidified.
(2) root system inducing layer is prepared with sowing grass seeds by duster
Raw material are as mass fraction：Gangue 45, mineral intermixture 7 after loam 25, acidifying, expanded vermiculite 7, plant
Fiber 15, water-loss reducer 0.1, granule agent 0.1, disinfectant 0.01, composite fertilizer 0.79；
Mixing, stirs, is sowed grass seeds by duster by spray seeder in bare rock surface, thickness 12cm.
(3) seed is sprouted layer and prepared with sowing grass seeds by duster
Raw material are as mass fraction：Loam 70, expanded vermiculite 15, string 13.2, water-loss reducer 0.1, granule agent
0.1st, disinfectant 0.01, composite fertilizer 0.5, seed mix (caragana microphylla: alfalfa=30%: 70%) 1.09；
Mixing, stir, by spray seeder sow grass seeds by duster root system induce layer surface, thickness 3cm, seed sprout the layer time with
Root system inducing layer injecting time differs 18 hours.
(4) regular moisture maintenance management is then carried out 3 months.
After 6 months, good vegetation cover is formd, vegetation coverage reaches more than 93%, and vegetation is covered after implementing 3 years
Cover degree is stable more than 87%.
Embodiment 2：
(1) preparation of matrix raw material, with embodiment 1.
(2) raw material of root system inducing layer are as mass fraction：Gangue 40, mineral intermixture after loam 30, acidifying
10th, string 12, remaining is the same as embodiment 1；
Mixing, stirs, is sowed grass seeds by duster by spray seeder in bare rock surface, thickness 10cm.
(3) seed sprouts the raw material of layer as mass fraction：Loam 75, expanded vermiculite 10, remaining is the same as embodiment 1；
Mixing, stir, by spray seeder sow grass seeds by duster root system induce layer surface, thickness 3cm, seed sprout the layer time with
Root system inducing layer injecting time differs 18 hours, finally carries out regular moisture maintenance management 3 months.
After 6 months, vegetation coverage reaches more than 93%, and after implementing 3 years, vegetation coverage is stable more than 85%.
Embodiment 3：
(1) preparation of matrix raw material：Apatite：Orthoclase：Medical stone=1.5：2：1；Remaining is the same as embodiment 1.
(2) raw material of root system inducing layer are as mass fraction：Gangue 35, other same implementations after loam 35, acidifying
Example 1.
Mixing, stirs, is sowed grass seeds by duster by spray seeder in bare rock surface, thickness 12cm.
(3) seed sprouts the raw material of layer as mass fraction：Loam 72, expanded vermiculite 13, other are the same as embodiment 1.
Mixing, stir, by spray seeder sow grass seeds by duster root system induce layer surface, thickness 2cm, seed sprout the layer time with
Root system inducing layer injecting time differs 18 hours, finally carries out regular moisture maintenance management 3 months.
After 6 months, vegetation coverage reaches more than 92%, and after implementing 3 years, vegetation coverage is stable more than 86%.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of host material for mining area hillock restoration of the ecosystem, it is characterised in that layer is sprouted by seed and root system induces
Layer in mass ratio 1: 2-6 forms；The seed sprouts the raw material of layer as mass fraction：Loam 70-80, expanded vermiculite 10-
15th, string 10-15, water-loss reducer 0.1-0.3, granule agent 0.1-0.2, disinfectant 0.01-0.03, composite fertilizer 0.5-0.8, kind
Sub- mixture 1-2；The raw material of the root system inducing layer are as mass fraction：Loam 20-40, acidifying after gangue 30-50,
Mineral intermixture 5-15, expanded vermiculite 5-15, string 10-15, water-loss reducer 0.1-0.3, granule agent 0.1-0.2, disinfectant
0.01-0.03, composite fertilizer 0.5-1.2；
Described loam is through air-dried, crushing, crosses 5mm sieves, and soil sand grains content is worked as in 3-5%, water content 12-16%'s
Ground ground surface soil；
Described seed mix is shrub in mass ratio: seeds that draft=20-30: 70-80 is prepared, native country vegetation and plant species
Mixture；
Gangue after described acidifying, obtained by the way that method is produced by below：By mass fraction by gangue 75~95, concavo-convex
Rod stone clay 5~20 and magnesia 0.2~2, which are inputted in mixer, to be stirred, and it is 1~10% dilute sulfuric acid to be slow added into concentration, is entered
Row acidification；By the mixture after acidification, it is transported in swinging drying oven and is calcined, 2 are calcined at 235~360 DEG C
~3 hours, product water content≤3% after roasting, the gangue semi-finished product after being as acidified；By mass fraction by semi-finished product 90~
99th, quick dissolved sodium silicate 0.2~3, polyvinyl alcohol 0.2~6, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose 0.02~2 and sodium carbonate 0.5~2.5 are defeated
Enter in grinder and be milled, grain fineness≤3 millimeter, the powder after milling is the gangue after being acidified；
Described mineral intermixture is that mass ratio is apatite：Orthoclase：Medical stone=1.5-2：2-3：1 and cross 5mm sieve
Mixture；
Described string, it is using straw as raw material, is ground into 2-3cm, the decomposed string of spontaneous fermentation.
2. it is used for the host material of mining area hillock restoration of the ecosystem as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that described water conservation
Agent is absorbency 50-100, particle diameter 0.2-0.5mm polyacrylic acid potassium-polyacrylamide amine copolymer.
3. it is used for the host material of mining area hillock restoration of the ecosystem as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that described granule
Agent is molecular weight 800w, particle diameter 0.2-0.5mm, the polyacrylamide of anionic.
A kind of 4. method of mining area hillock restoration of the ecosystem, it is characterised in that step is：
1) first the raw material of root system inducing layer as claimed in claim 1 are mixed by quality proportioning, stirs, use spray seeder
Sow grass seeds by duster on exposed hillock side slope surface, thickness is 8~15cm；
2) after root system inducing layer sows grass seeds by duster completion 18-22 hours, then the raw material by seed as claimed in claim 1 sprouting layer
Mix, stir by quality proportioning, sowed grass seeds by duster with spray seeder and induce layer surface in root system, thickness is 3~5cm；
3) and then carry out regular moisture maintenance management 3-6 month.
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| CN105993259B true CN105993259B (en) | 2017-12-05 |
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