CN111248053A

CN111248053A - Ecological restoration method for high and steep step slope of open-pit quarry

Info

Publication number: CN111248053A
Application number: CN202010107965.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 汤锦宏; 巢苗萍; 沈建波; 范舜才; 彭建兵; 卫泽彬
Original assignee: Guangdong Jingshenglong Ecological Environment Restoration Engineering Co Ltd; Guangzhou Shunxing Stone Field Co ltd; Jiangmen Xinhui District Taisheng Shichang Co Ltd; Guangdong Dongsheng Industrial Group Co Ltd; South China Agricultural University
Current assignee: Guangdong Jingshenglong Ecological Environment Restoration Engineering Co Ltd; Guangzhou Shunxing Stone Field Co ltd; Jiangmen Xinhui District Taisheng Shichang Co Ltd; Guangdong Dongsheng Industrial Group Co Ltd; South China Agricultural University
Priority date: 2020-02-21
Filing date: 2020-02-21
Publication date: 2020-06-09

Abstract

The invention relates to an ecological restoration method for a high and steep step slope of an open-pit quarry, which comprises the following steps of: the method of drilling, charging and blasting to excavate the rock is adopted to lower the high and steep steps into the low and steep steps; and (3) slope treatment: mechanically and manually cleaning broken stones and soil generated by blasting from top to bottom; step surface bar planting: planting reinforcing steel bars on the step surface; pouring a retaining wall; step surface soil covering: fully and uniformly stirring the compound fertilizer, the mine stripping surface soil, the humus soil and the organic matter mixed material to obtain nutrient soil, paving the nutrient soil on a step surface between the retaining wall and the step slope surface, and enabling the paving thickness of the nutrient soil to be more than 100 cm; irrigation engineering: digging an irrigation ditch or paving an irrigation water pipe on the paved nutrient soil; and (3) vegetation planting: planting plants on the nutrient soil; later maintenance; and (5) information monitoring. The invention can restore the ecology in a very friendly way, can realize the safe and long-acting treatment effect, is very convenient to maintain, and is very easy to popularize and apply.

Description

Ecological restoration method for high and steep step slope of open-pit quarry

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of mine restoration, in particular to an ecological restoration method for a high and steep step side slope of an open-pit quarry.

Background

At present, in the open-air quarrying process, a high and steep step slope is generally formed and generally made of rocks, so that ecological damage is very large. And under long-term rain erosion, landslide, debris flow and other conditions are easy to occur, and great potential safety hazards exist. Therefore, ecological restoration of the high and steep step slope is necessary.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the problems and the defects and provides an ecological restoration method for a high and steep step side slope of an open-pit quarry, which can restore the ecology in a very friendly way, can realize a safe and long-acting treatment effect, is very convenient to maintain and is very easy to popularize and apply.

The technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:

an ecological restoration method for a high and steep step slope of a surface quarrying mine is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method of drilling, charging and blasting to excavate the rock is adopted to lower the high and steep steps into the low and steep steps; and (3) slope treatment: mechanically and manually cleaning broken stones and soil generated by blasting from top to bottom; step surface bar planting: planting reinforcing steel bars on the step surface; pouring a retaining wall: pouring a retaining wall on the basis of the embedded steel bars; step surface soil covering: fully and uniformly stirring the compound fertilizer, the mine stripping surface soil, the humus soil and the organic matter mixed material to obtain nutrient soil, paving the nutrient soil on a step surface between the retaining wall and the step slope surface, and enabling the paving thickness of the nutrient soil to be more than 100 cm; irrigation engineering: digging an irrigation ditch or paving an irrigation water pipe on the paved nutrient soil; and (3) vegetation planting: planting plants on the nutrient soil; and (3) later-stage maintenance: maintaining the planted vegetation by workers; information monitoring: the ecological restoration is monitored by workers and/or monitoring equipment.

The invention has the beneficial effects that: in the invention, the slope body can be stable, natural and smooth through slope treatment, which can create favorable conditions for later vegetation reconstruction. Through planting the reinforcing bar at the step face to pour the barricade on the basis of planting the reinforcing bar, can improve the structural strength of barricade like this effectively, thereby help improving the reliability and the security of low abrupt slope. The nutrient soil is obtained by fully and uniformly mixing the compound fertilizer, the mine stripping surface soil, the humus soil and the organic matter mixed material, and is laid on the step surface between the retaining wall and the step slope surface, so that a very good limiting effect can be achieved on the laid nutrient soil, and the deformation and instability of the laid nutrient soil are prevented; the method is adopted to obtain the nutrient soil, the waste soil generated in the mining process of the mine is reasonably utilized, and the obtaining cost is very low; the nutrient soil is also quite sufficient in nutrients, so that sufficient nutrients can be provided for the growth of vegetation; the thickness of the laid nutrient soil is larger than 100cm, so that sufficient growth space can be provided for the vegetation, the stability of vegetation growth is improved, and the method is very reliable. By digging irrigation canals or laying irrigation pipes on the laid nutrient soil, the planted plants can be watered well, which is helpful for improving the growth stability of the vegetation. By planting plants on nutrient soil, the purpose of stabilizing water and soil can be achieved through the plants, the stability of the mountain is improved, and the planted plants can also recover an ecosystem of an injured exposed mountain and beautify the environment. Through later maintenance, the stability and the reliability of vegetation growth are improved, and the ecological restoration efficiency is improved. The ecological restoration condition is monitored through workers and/or monitoring equipment, problems can be found, the ecological restoration can be prevented from being affected, the ecological restoration can be restored in a very friendly mode, the probability of dangerous accidents such as landslide and debris flow can be greatly reduced, and the safety of a mountain is enhanced. The method of the invention is safe, long-acting, suitable for local conditions, ecological priority, convenient to maintain, honors plants, gives consideration to landscape, and is very easy to popularize and apply. The method can effectively fix the soil on the high and steep step slope of the open-pit quarry and prevent the soil from loosening and losing; the method is suitable for ecological restoration engineering of the high and steep step side slope of the newly built, reconstructed and expanded open-cast quarry in the process of producing and closing the pit, and can meet the requirements of 'side mining and treatment'.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The invention relates to an ecological restoration method for a high and steep step slope of an open-pit quarry, which comprises the following steps of: the method of drilling, charging and blasting to excavate the rock is adopted to lower the high and steep steps into the low and steep steps; and (3) slope treatment: mechanically and manually cleaning broken stones and soil generated by blasting from top to bottom; step surface bar planting: planting reinforcing steel bars on the step surface; pouring a retaining wall: pouring a retaining wall on the basis of the embedded steel bars; step surface soil covering: fully and uniformly stirring the compound fertilizer, the mine stripping surface soil, the humus soil and the organic matter mixed material to obtain nutrient soil, paving the nutrient soil on a step surface between the retaining wall and the step slope surface, and enabling the paving thickness of the nutrient soil to be more than 100 cm; irrigation engineering: digging an irrigation ditch or paving an irrigation water pipe on the paved nutrient soil; and (3) vegetation planting: planting plants on the nutrient soil; and (3) later-stage maintenance: maintaining the planted vegetation by workers; information monitoring: the ecological restoration is monitored by workers and/or monitoring equipment. In the invention, the slope body can be stable, natural and smooth through slope treatment, which can create favorable conditions for later vegetation reconstruction. Through planting the reinforcing bar at the step face to pour the barricade on the basis of planting the reinforcing bar, can improve the structural strength of barricade like this effectively, thereby help improving the reliability and the security of low abrupt slope. The nutrient soil is obtained by fully and uniformly mixing the compound fertilizer, the mine stripping surface soil, the humus soil and the organic matter mixed material, and is laid on the step surface between the retaining wall and the step slope surface, so that a very good limiting effect can be achieved on the laid nutrient soil, and the deformation and instability of the laid nutrient soil are prevented; the method is adopted to obtain the nutrient soil, the waste soil generated in the mining process of the mine is reasonably utilized, and the obtaining cost is very low; the nutrient soil is also quite sufficient in nutrients, so that sufficient nutrients can be provided for the growth of vegetation; the thickness of the laid nutrient soil is larger than 100cm, so that sufficient growth space can be provided for the vegetation, the stability of vegetation growth is improved, and the method is very reliable. By digging irrigation canals or laying irrigation pipes on the laid nutrient soil, the planted plants can be watered well, which is helpful for improving the growth stability of the vegetation. By planting plants on nutrient soil, the purpose of stabilizing water and soil can be achieved through the plants, the stability of the mountain is improved, and the planted plants can also recover an ecosystem of an injured exposed mountain and beautify the environment. Through later maintenance, the stability and the reliability of vegetation growth are improved, and the ecological restoration efficiency is improved. The ecological restoration condition is monitored through workers and/or monitoring equipment, problems can be found, the ecological restoration can be prevented from being affected, the ecological restoration can be restored in a very friendly mode, the probability of dangerous accidents such as landslide and debris flow can be greatly reduced, and the safety of a mountain is enhanced. The method of the invention is safe, long-acting, suitable for local conditions, ecological priority, convenient to maintain, honors plants, gives consideration to landscape, and is very easy to popularize and apply. The method can effectively fix the soil on the high and steep step slope of the open-pit quarry and prevent the soil from loosening and losing; the method is suitable for ecological restoration engineering of the high and steep step side slope of the newly built, reconstructed and expanded open-cast quarry in the process of producing and closing the pit, and can meet the requirements of 'side mining and treatment'.

Wherein, the drilling and blasting reduction order conforms to the construction of blasting design and strictly conforms to the regulations of GB 6722-2014 blasting safety regulations. The main process comprises the following steps: perforating, charging, blasting, danger removing, shoveling, transporting and the like.

When drilling and blasting order reduction is carried out, a special emergency plan is required, and the content of the emergency plan is required to be complete; emergency organization should be sound, and emergency supplies, materials, tool and tool reserves should meet the requirements of emergency plans.

The high steep step is cut down to be the low steep step by the drilling and blasting method, and the drilling and blasting step-down rear step mainly requires: the height of the step is not more than 10m, the width of the safe platform is preferably 3m, and the width of the cleaning platform is preferably 6 m. The slope stability and long-term safety are ensured, the collapse and landslide of slope rocks and soil layers are prevented, and potential safety hazards are eliminated.

When the step surface is cleaned, a protective fence can be added on the outer edge of the step surface, then the step surface is cleaned, and then the rolling stones and the floating soil on the slope surface are cleaned. The reinforcing treatment can be carried out by adopting an anchoring technology without removing but reinforcing, and sealing engineering measures such as grouting can be carried out on dangerous stone cracks.

In order to prevent safety accidents caused by slope deformation, the slope can be reinforced by reinforcing technologies such as anti-slide piles, anchor (cable) rods, lattice reinforcement, shotcrete net support, grouting reinforcement and the like during design.

Wherein, the side slope treatment is carried out by adopting a top-down construction method or a partial top-down construction method of segmental groove jumping and timely support. And strictly forbidding unordered excavation and unordered blasting operation.

Wherein the basic requirements for cleaning the low and steep steps are as follows: the step surface is smooth, the slope surface has no pumice, umbrella eave and root, and the step width, height and slope surface angle meet the design requirements.

And steel bars are planted on the step surface to enhance the stability of the reinforced concrete retaining wall. And before construction, a drilling machine type is reasonably selected according to the designed aperture, the rock property and the embedded steel bar depth. The bore diameter and the bore depth of the drill hole are required to be not less than the design values, the drill hole is generally drilled to the depth of 25-30cm, and the drill hole is required to be drilled to be 2-3cm beyond the drill hole in order to ensure the depth of the embedded steel bar. The main process comprises the following steps: measurement and positioning → drilling → hole washing → glue injection → bar planting → curing and curing → anti-pulling test (spot check).

When steel bars are planted on the surface of the step, holes are drilled on the surface of the step, then high-strength steel bar planting glue is injected, the steel bars are inserted, and the steel bars and the bedrock are bonded.

The position of steel bar planting is on the outer side edge of the step surface, so that the retaining wall poured on the basis of the steel bar planting is located on the outer side edge of the step surface, and a groove body filled with soil can be formed between the retaining wall and the step slope surface.

And pouring the retaining wall on the basis of the planted bars to support the filling between the retaining wall and the step slope surface and prevent the filling or the soil body from deforming and destabilizing. The main process comprises the following steps: measuring and paying off → cushion layer construction → reinforcing steel bar manufacturing and installing → erecting a template → pouring concrete → maintaining and removing the template.

The retaining wall meets the standard of DZ/T0219-2006 landslide prevention engineering design and construction technical specification. The material and structure should be designed permanently. The safety requirement of the most unfavorable working condition is met.

The mixed materials of the surface soil of the mine stripping, the humus soil, the organic matter, the compound fertilizer and the like are fully and uniformly stirred, and then the mixture is conveyed and backfilled between the step surface and the retaining wall, wherein the backfilling depth is about 100 cm. The main process comprises the following steps: soil mixing → shovel loading → transportation → laying nutrient soil.

Wherein the laying of the nutrient soil is carried out by adopting a standard

The quality requirement is as follows: the planting nutrient soil must have good physicochemical properties, and the quality requirements of the nutrient soil are shown in table 1. The content of pollutants in the nutrient soil is lower than a corresponding risk screening value in management and control standards (trial) for soil pollution risks in agricultural land according to soil environment quality standards GB 15618.

TABLE 1 quality requirements of nutrient soils

The thickness requirement is as follows: the volume of the planting soil per square meter of coverage area is not less than 0.3-0.8m 3. The thickness of the planting soil layer is determined according to the selected plant species for greening (see table 2), and the higher the index of the volume of the nutrient soil per unit greening area is, the better the plant growth and ecological restoration effects are.

TABLE 2 nutrient soil thickness requirements of different plants

Plant type	Herbal medicine	Bush	Arbor
				Depth of nutrient soil (cm)	30	45	80

When irrigation engineering is carried out, the loss of water in the water delivery process is reduced to the maximum extent by means of engineering technology, and the water utilization efficiency is improved. The main process comprises the following steps: pipe ditch excavation → pipe network laying → spray head installation → earthing and ditch filling.

When irrigation engineering is carried out, the steep step surface is unfavorable for plant growth due to high height, steep and water shortage. The irrigation mode is preferably an efficient and water-saving irrigation mode (such as sprinkling irrigation, micro-irrigation and the like). The irrigation design should achieve reliable water source, good water quality, even water supply, system blockage prevention and pipeline pressure bearing. The others should meet the standard of GB 50288 and 2018 'design Standard of irrigation and drainage engineering'.

Wherein, on the low and steep steps, a drainage structure can be arranged, and the design of the drainage structure conforms to the standard of DZ/T0219-2006 technical Specification for landslide prevention and control engineering design and construction. This further improves the safety of the low and steep steps.

Wherein, the vegetation planting can be carried out according to the following standards,

(1) quality of nursery stock

The quality of the selected seeds reaches the specification of GB 7908. The seedlings are grown for 1 to 3 years according to the quality grading of main broad-leaved tree species seedlings in Guangdong province, and are nutritional bag seedlings which grow robustly, have plump terminal buds, developed root systems and do not have forest pests.

(2) Density of planting

The planting density of shrubs and herbs is determined according to actual conditions, the planting density of trees is generally not less than 166 plants/mu (2 x 2m), the planting density of shrubs is generally not less than 297 plants/mu (1.5 x 1.5m), and the coverage rate of herbaceous plants is generally not less than 80%.

(3) Treatment of nursery stock

Before planting, according to the characteristics of the seedlings, the seedlings can be treated by methods such as tip cutting, stem cutting, root pruning, leaf cutting, bud picking, seedling root soaking, slurry dipping and the like; the nursery stock can also be treated by root promoting agent, transpiration inhibitor, water retention agent and the like.

(4) Time of planting

The bare-rooted seedlings are usually afforested after 2-5 months of rain. The container seedlings are afforested after 4-5 months of rain, and the shrub, grass and vine plants are planted before 5 months.

(5) Planting method

Generally, planting is carried out by directly digging planting pits on covering soil, and container seedlings are suitable for transplanting seedlings in unnatural planting seasons. The main process comprises the following steps: digging a planting pit → paving base fertilizer → sprinkling water before planting → planting nursery stock → filling soil and filling pit → watering and raising nursery stock → monitoring and management.

When watering, the loss caused by washing the soil is avoided, and 3 times of watering and water permeation are needed within 10 days after planting.

When selecting a plant, it can be selected according to the following criteria

(1) Arbor, shrub, grass and vine are combined according with local climatic conditions to build a three-dimensional ecology.

(2) The selected plants have good stress resistance such as drought resistance, disease and pest resistance and the like, and can adapt to local climate.

(3) High survival rate, barren resistance, extensive management resistance and strong natural reproduction capability.

(4) The plant has developed root system, can effectively fix the soil and prevent the soil from loosening and losing.

(5) The green growth cycle of the plant is long, the green period is not less than 270 days, the plant grows for many years, and the effect of perennial covering or shielding can be achieved.

(6) The cultivation sowing period is long, and the sowing period of the plants is long, so that the cultivation sowing period meets the requirements of mining and governing at the same time.

(7) Preferably, indigenous plants are selected, nitrogen-fixing plants are combined with non-nitrogen-fixing plants, and harmful species are avoided.

Wherein the maintenance operation adopts the conventional technical means of the existing vegetation maintenance.

When the later-period maintenance is carried out, the workers operate the irrigation equipment to maintain the vegetation, and the workers control the plant diseases and insect pests of the vegetation.

Wherein, the design service life of maintenance facilities such as irrigation equipment and the like is not less than 5 years, and the maintenance work which is responsible for construction units (or self-maintenance of owners) is not less than 2 years from the completion date.

Wherein, the green coverage rate after ecological restoration is more than 50% in one year from the completion date, more than 70% at the end of the two-year maintenance period, and more than 85% in three years.

As shown in figure 1, the stope side slope is a slope surface inclined to a stope and composed of steps, a transportation pit line and the like, a step slope surface angle is an included angle gamma between the step slope surface and a lower flat plate, a high steep step is a step with the vertical height not less than 15m and the step slope surface angle gamma not less than 42 degrees, a low steep step is a step with the vertical height less than 15m and the step slope surface angle gamma not less than 42 degrees, the stope height is a vertical distance H between a highest slope top line and a lowest slope bottom line, a step height is a vertical distance h between an upper flat plate and a lower flat plate of the step, a stope side slope angle is an included angle β between the slope surface and a horizontal plane and composed of a slope bottom line of a bottommost step and a slope top line of a topmost step.

In actual practice, the following criteria may be used.

GB 6722 blasting safety regulations

GB 7908 forest seed quality grading

GB 14161 mine safety sign

GB 15618 soil environmental quality agricultural land soil pollution risk control standard (trial)

GB 16423 safety regulations for metal and non-metal mine

GB 50014 design standard for outdoor drainage

GB50141 standard for construction and acceptance of water supply and drainage structures

GB 50288 irrigation and drainage engineering design standard

GB50300 unified standard for construction quality acceptance of constructional engineering

GB50330 building side slope engineering technical specification

GB50367 concrete structure reinforcing design specification

GB 50395 video security monitoring system engineering design specification

GB 50433 production and construction project water and soil conservation technical standard

GB 51016 non-coal strip mine slope engineering technical specification

GB/T15772 general rule for comprehensive treatment and soil and water conservation

GB/T15773 comprehensive treatment acceptance standard for soil and water conservation

GB/T50564-2010 metal and nonmetal mine mining drawing standard

GB/T50951 design documentation standard for nonferrous metal mine engineering construction project

GBZ 1-2015 design sanitary standard for industrial enterprise

AQ 1008-2007 mine rescue protocol

AQ/T2050.1 metal and nonmetal mine safety standard specification

CJJ/T82-2012 landscaping engineering construction and acceptance specification

DZ/T0219 landslide prevention and control engineering design and construction technical specification

DZ/T0223 mine geological environment protection and recovery treatment scheme compilation specification

Green mine construction standard of DZ/T0316 sandstone industry

Wherein the operation can be carried out according to the following requirements in the implementation process

Drilling and blasting order reduction

(1) A special construction scheme for auditing and approving according to the regulation should be provided;

(2) the step surface is smooth, and the slope surface is smooth. The slope surface has no pumice, umbrella eave and root, and the width, height and slope surface angle of the step meet the design requirements.

(3) Emergency management

A special emergency plan should be provided, and the content of the emergency plan should be complete; emergency organization should be sound, and emergency supplies, materials, tool and tool reserves should meet the requirements of emergency plans.

(4) Other references refer to the regulations of blasting safety regulations (GB 6722-2014).

Slope management

(1) A special construction scheme should be compiled in the slope management project; the special construction scheme is examined and approved according to the regulation; the surrounding environment or construction conditions of the side slope change, and the special construction scheme needs to be audited and approved again.

(2) The slope treatment project should have safety protection: the height of the side slope is 2m or more, and protective railings are arranged at the positions of the top of the slope, the streets and the like according to the standard requirements.

(3) The operation environment of the slope treatment project is as follows: the safety distance between the slope top earthwork machine and the constructor is in accordance with the standard requirement; protective measures should be taken for vertical operation;

(4) the effect of side slope treatment: the step slope is free of pumice, rolling stones and loose soil. The step surface is smooth, and the slope surface is smooth;

(5) emergency plan for danger elimination on grade slope: emergency plans for eliminating dangers in the grade slope are compiled according to requirements, and the contents of the emergency plans are complete; emergency organization should be sound, emergency supplies, materials, tool and tool should meet the requirements of emergency plan;

(6) other references refer to the relevant provisions of the technical Specification of slope engineering for buildings (GB 50330-2002).

Step surface bar planting

(1) A special construction scheme should be compiled in the step surface bar planting engineering; the special construction scheme is examined and approved according to the regulation; the surrounding environment or construction conditions of the side slope change, and the special construction scheme needs to be audited and approved again.

(2) The step surface bar planting engineering should have safety protection: the height of the side slope is 2m or more, and protective railings are arranged at the positions of the top of the slope, the streets and the like according to the standard requirements.

(3) The working environment of the step surface bar planting engineering is as follows: the safe distance between the construction machinery and the constructors is in accordance with the standard requirement; protective measures should be taken for vertical operation;

(4) the quality requirement of the step surface bar planting concealment is as follows: the quality of the base material meets the design requirements. The position, depth and diameter of the anchor hole meet the design requirements. The quality of the bar planting glue meets the design requirement. And (4) sampling to carry out on-site anchoring bearing capacity inspection when the curing time of the adhesive for bar planting reaches the day of 7 d.

(5) Emergency plan of step surface bar planting: emergency plans for eliminating dangers in the grade slope are compiled according to requirements, and the contents of the emergency plans are complete; emergency organization should be sound, emergency supplies, materials, tool and tool should meet the requirements of emergency plan;

(6) other references are GB 50367-2013 & lt & ltdesign Specification for reinforcing concrete structures & gt.

Pouring retaining wall

(1) A special construction scheme should be compiled in the retaining wall casting project; the special construction scheme is examined and approved according to the regulation; the surrounding environment or construction conditions of the side slope change, and the special construction scheme needs to be audited and approved again.

(2) The retaining wall casting project should have safety protection: the height of the side slope is 2m or more, and protective railings are arranged at the positions of the top of the slope, the streets and the like according to the standard requirements.

(3) Pouring the operation environment of the retaining wall project: the safe distance between the construction machinery and the constructors is in accordance with the standard requirement; protective measures should be taken for vertical operation;

(4) steel bar concealment requirement: the quality of the base material meets the design requirement, the thickness of the protective layer meets the design requirement, the type and the diameter of the steel bar meet the design requirement, and the space and the binding of the steel bar meet the design requirement

(4) And (3) pouring the quality requirement of the retaining wall: the strength of the concrete and the appearance of the retaining wall meet the design requirements.

(5) Pouring an emergency plan of a retaining wall: emergency plans for eliminating dangers in the grade slope are compiled according to requirements, and the contents of the emergency plans are complete; emergency organization should be sound, emergency supplies, materials, tool and tool should meet the requirements of emergency plan;

(6) other references are related to GB50300-2013 'unified Standard for construction quality acceptance of building engineering'.

Step surface soil covering

(1) The soil (humus soil) has good physical and chemical properties, loose structure, strong ventilation, water retention and fertility preservation;

(2) the proportion of the soil and the fertilizer meets the design requirement (proper fertilizer needs to be added when the surface soil is excavated);

(3) the thickness of the covering soil layer accords with the design thickness;

(4) other refer to CJJ/T82-2012 'Specifications for landscaping engineering construction and acceptance'.

Irrigation works

(1) The water source and the water quality meet the design requirements;

(2) the pipe network laying meets the design requirements;

(3) the quality of the pipe and the nozzle meets the design requirements;

(4) the nozzle installation meets the design requirements.

(5) Other references are made to the relevant regulations of GB 50141-2008 'Water supply and drainage Structure construction and acceptance Standard'.

Vegetation planting

(1) The fixed point and the line of the planted plants are needed to be dug before the digging of holes and grooves.

(2) The inspection and acceptance of the planting groove are carried out before the planting soil is filled.

(3) The planting material, planting soil, etc. should be checked and accepted in batches by supervision or supervision according to the specification and quality requirements before planting.

(4) And respectively filling in an acceptance record, and signing and confirming an experience accepting party and a construction party.

Coverage rate

First, stone field facade coverage rate

(1) Sampling: the samples were taken with a digital camera, and about every 2 steps a 100m digital photograph was taken as a sample.

(2) And (3) calculating: the digital photos are imported into AutoCAD, the area of the photos is counted in the program, then the area of the green plant part is counted, and then the sample coverage rate is calculated according to the formula: area of green plant part ÷ photo area ═ sample coverage. Then, the average coverage is calculated based on the statistical results.

Second, ground coverage rate

(1) Sampling: one sample was taken for each bench at site at 50m greenfield. The ruler measures the area of the land and the green land.

(2) And (3) calculating: trace area ÷ green area ═ sample coverage. Then, the average coverage is calculated based on the statistical results.

Later maintenance engineering

(1) The greening coverage rate of the step vertical surface in one year can reach more than 50 percent from the completion date.

The greening coverage rate of the step vertical surface reaches more than 80 percent after 2 years of maintenance.

(2) Other references were made to "urban landscaping maintenance standards" (DB 11/T213-2003).

Information monitoring

(1) Cable acceptance

And (4) checking and accepting the cable installation, laying and test results of the system. The cable construction drawing, the actual trend, the length, the specification and the installation quality need to meet the design requirements.

(2) Single equipment

The method comprises the steps of testing before installation, installing equipment in place and testing the quality after an electrification test. The branch distributor, the terminal and the like, the monitoring camera equipment and the detection equipment all meet the design requirements.

(3) Subsystem function

The subsystem functions should meet design requirements.

(4) System linkage

The system linkage function under the normal operation condition of each subsystem is in accordance with the design requirement.

(5) Delivery of information monitoring system

And (4) checking and accepting content: and checking the completion report and the handed-over file data, evaluating the project quality, and evaluating, identifying and reviewing the advancement, rationality and economy of the system design. Checking the completion report and signing the acceptance report.

Table 3 in the actual planting process, plants in the following table may be selected:

Claims

1. an ecological restoration method for a high and steep step slope of an open-pit quarry is characterized by comprising the following steps:

drilling and blasting to reduce the rank: the method of drilling, charging and blasting to excavate the rock is adopted to lower the high and steep steps into the low and steep steps;

and (3) slope treatment: mechanically and manually cleaning broken stones and soil generated by blasting from top to bottom;

step surface bar planting: planting reinforcing steel bars on the step surface;

pouring a retaining wall: pouring a retaining wall on the basis of the embedded steel bars;

step surface soil covering: fully and uniformly stirring the compound fertilizer, the mine stripping surface soil, the humus soil and the organic matter mixed material to obtain nutrient soil, paving the nutrient soil on a step surface between the retaining wall and the step slope surface, and enabling the paving thickness of the nutrient soil to be more than 100 cm;

irrigation engineering: digging an irrigation ditch or paving an irrigation water pipe on the paved nutrient soil;

and (3) vegetation planting: planting plants on the nutrient soil;

and (3) later-stage maintenance: maintaining the planted vegetation by workers;

information monitoring: the ecological restoration is monitored by workers and/or monitoring equipment.