CN105972848A - 水冷却的微通道冷凝器 - Google Patents

水冷却的微通道冷凝器 Download PDF

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CN105972848A
CN105972848A CN201610136283.1A CN201610136283A CN105972848A CN 105972848 A CN105972848 A CN 105972848A CN 201610136283 A CN201610136283 A CN 201610136283A CN 105972848 A CN105972848 A CN 105972848A
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condenser
shell
microchannel
refrigeration system
circulation
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史蒂夫·菲斯特
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Heatcraft Refrigeration Products LLC
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Heatcraft Refrigeration Products LLC
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B39/00—Evaporators; Condensers
    • F25B39/04—Condensers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
    • F25B9/002—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the refrigerant
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B7/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, with cascade operation, i.e. with two or more circuits, the heat from the condenser of one circuit being absorbed by the evaporator of the next circuit
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
    • F28D21/0001—Recuperative heat exchangers
    • F28D21/0003—Recuperative heat exchangers the heat being recuperated from exhaust gases
    • F28D21/0005—Recuperative heat exchangers the heat being recuperated from exhaust gases for domestic or space-heating systems
    • F28D21/0007—Water heaters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/08—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being otherwise bent, e.g. in a serpentine or zig-zag
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2309/00—Gas cycle refrigeration machines
    • F25B2309/06—Compression machines, plants or systems characterised by the refrigerant being carbon dioxide
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2339/00—Details of evaporators; Details of condensers
    • F25B2339/04—Details of condensers
    • F25B2339/046—Condensers with refrigerant heat exchange tubes positioned inside or around a vessel containing water or pcm to cool the refrigerant gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2339/00—Details of evaporators; Details of condensers
    • F25B2339/04—Details of condensers
    • F25B2339/047—Water-cooled condensers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
    • F25B2400/07—Details of compressors or related parts
    • F25B2400/075—Details of compressors or related parts with parallel compressors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
    • F25B2400/23—Separators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
    • F25B9/002—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the refrigerant
    • F25B9/008—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the refrigerant the refrigerant being carbon dioxide
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
    • F28D2021/0019—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
    • F28D2021/0068—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for refrigerant cycles
    • F28D2021/007—Condensers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2260/00—Heat exchangers or heat exchange elements having special size, e.g. microstructures
    • F28F2260/02—Heat exchangers or heat exchange elements having special size, e.g. microstructures having microchannels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/22—Arrangements for directing heat-exchange media into successive compartments, e.g. arrangements of guide plates

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Sorption Type Refrigeration Machines (AREA)

Abstract

本申请提供一种用于级联制冷***的冷凝器。该冷凝器可包括一个外壳、一个微通道盘管、流过所述微通道盘管的氨制冷剂，以及流动穿过所述外壳用于与所述氨制冷剂热交换的基于水的冷却剂。

Description

水冷却的微通道冷凝器
技术领域
本申请及由此产生的专利通常涉及制冷***，并且尤其涉及用于高侧的基于氨的冷却循环的具有水冷却的微通道冷凝器的级联制冷***。
背景技术
级联制冷***通常包括第一侧冷却循环，即高侧，和第二侧冷却循环，即低侧冷却循环。两个冷却循环通过普通热交换器，即级联蒸发器-冷凝器，接合。级联制冷***可在非常低的温度以高效方式提供冷却。
目前的制冷趋势促使采用二氧化碳、氨和其他类型的天然制冷剂而非惯常的基于氟烃的制冷剂。此外，至少相较于基于氟烃的***，有兴趣改进这种基于天然制冷剂的制冷***的整体效率。此外，希望限制在那些制冷***中使用的氨的整体充注量以降低成本及潜在的使用风险等。
因此，希望一种改进的制冷***，例如一种级联制冷***，其使用天然制冷剂以提高的效率提供冷却。此外，希望这种改进的级联制冷***以安全有效的方式限制基于氨的制冷剂在***中的整体充注量。
发明内容
本申请及由此产生的专利因此提供一种用于级联制冷***的冷却器。该冷凝器可包括一个外壳、一个微通道盘管、流过所述微通道盘管的氨制冷剂，以及流动穿过所述外壳用于与所述氨制冷剂热交换的基于水的冷却剂。
本申请及由此产生的专利在此进一步提供一种级联制冷***。该级联制冷***可包括一个低侧循环和一个高侧循环。所述高侧循环可包括一个水冷却的微通道热交换器。
本申请及由此产生的专利在此进一步提供一种级联制冷***。该级联制冷***可包括一个具有二氧化碳制冷剂的低侧循环和一个具有氨制冷剂的高侧循环。所述高侧循环可包括一个内有微通道盘管的水冷却的冷凝器。
当结合附图及所附权利要求书阅读下面详细的说明书，本申请及由此产生的专利的这些和其他特征及改进将对本领域技术人员是显而易见的。
附图说明
图1是具有高侧循环和低侧循环的级联制冷***的示意图。
图2是本文描述的水冷却的微通道冷凝器的示意图。
图3是图2中的水冷却的微通道冷凝器的侧视图。
图4是图2的水冷却的微通道冷凝器的侧剖面图。
图5是本文描述的水冷却的微通道冷凝器的替换实施例的透视图。
具体实施方式
现在参照附图，在所有这些图中相同的数字指代相同的元件。图1示出级联制冷***100的一个例子。级联制冷***100可被用来对在例如超市、冷储存等中使用的任何类型的室进行冷却。级联制冷***100也可应用于加热、通风和空气调节和/或不同类型的商业或工业应用。整体级联制冷***100可具有任何合适的尺寸、形状、配置或制冷量。
通常来说，级联制冷***可包括第一侧即高侧循环110和第二侧即低侧循环120。高侧循环110可包括一个或多个高侧压缩机130、一个高侧冷凝器140和一个高侧膨胀阀150。额外的组件也可在此使用。高侧循环110可包括天然制冷剂160的流。天然制冷剂160可包括氨170的流。其他类型的制冷剂可在此使用。高侧循环110及其内的组件可具有任何合适的尺寸、形状、配置或制冷量。其他组件和其他配置可此使用。
在最为知晓的级联制冷***内，高侧冷凝器140典型地可以是铜焊板热交换器，铜管及铝散热片热交换器等。高侧冷凝器140可以通过基于水180和/或乙二醇的混合物的流进行水冷却。这种已知的冷凝器可具有有限的操作温度变化率(gradient)。
低侧循环120可包括一个或多个低侧压缩机190、一个低侧蒸气分离器罐200、一个中间温度回路210和一个低温回路220。中间温度回路210可包括一个泵230和一个或多个中间温度蒸发器240。低温回路220可包括一个低侧膨胀阀250和一个或多个低温蒸发器260。额外的组件也可在此使用。低侧循环120可包括以流动的二氧化碳270及类似物的形式的天然制冷剂160。其他类型的制冷剂可在此使用。低侧循环120的组件可具有任何合适的尺寸、形状、配置或容量。其他组件和其他配置可在此使用。
上述两个循环110、120可通过级联蒸发器/冷凝器280接合。具体地，制冷剂170、270各自的流可通过级联蒸发器/冷凝器280交换热量。级联蒸发器/冷凝器280可具有任何合适的尺寸、形状、配置或容量。其他组件和其他配置可在此使用。
氨170的流可被高侧压缩机130压缩并在高侧冷凝器140内被冷凝。氨170的流可流过高侧膨胀阀150并在级联蒸发器/冷凝器280内交换热量。同样，二氧化碳制冷剂270可被低侧压缩机190压缩并流过级联蒸发器/冷凝器280来在那里交换热量。二氧化碳制冷剂270可在蒸气分离器罐200内分离并流过中间温度回路210及低温回路220。各制冷循环于是可在此重复。
图2-4示出水冷却的微通道冷凝器300的一个例子。水冷却的微通道冷凝器300可包括一个外壳310。在该例子中，外壳310可采用板状或蛤壳状的外观315。其他形状和配置可在此使用。外壳310可在其内限定出一个内部流体空间320。水冷却的微通道冷凝器300也可包括微通道盘管330。微通道盘管330可以全部或部分由铝和/或铝合金制成用于从其通过的良好热交换。微通道盘管330可延伸穿过外壳310并进入内部流体空间320。微通道盘管330可被视为在内部流体空间320内“漂浮”。
水冷却的微通道冷凝器300可包括壳流体入口340和壳流体出口350。壳流体入口340和壳流体出口350可与内部流体空间320连通。多个壁板分流器(web flow diverters)360可设置在内部流体空间320内以便促进流体在其内的搅拌。水冷却的微通道冷凝器300可包括微通道流体入口370和微通道流体出口380。微通道流体入口370和微通道流体出口380可与微通道盘管330连通。水冷却的微通道冷凝器300及其组件可具有任何合适的尺寸、形状、配置或容量。其他组件及其他配置可在此使用。
使用中，氨170的流经由高侧压缩机130流向水冷却的微通道冷凝器300。氨170的流经由微通道流体入口370进入，在内部流体空间320内穿过微通道盘管330，并经由微通道流体出口380离开。同样地，水或其他冷却剂的流经由壳流体入口340进入水冷却的微通道冷凝器300。水180充满内部流体空间320并与微通道盘管330内的氨170的流交换热量。壁板分流器360可在内部流体空间内造成湍流以用于增加热量转移。水180的流随后经由微通道流体出口380离开内部流体空间320。水180的流可按适当方式被再次使用或再循环。
图5示出本文描述的可替换实施例的水冷却的微通道冷凝器400。代替掉上文描述的“蛤壳”形的外壳310，在本例子中外壳410可采用更接近圆筒形420及类似形状。外壳410可采用其他形状及尺寸。圆筒420限定了用于微通道盘管330以及相关的入口340、370和出口350、380的内部流体空间320。其他组件及其他配置可在此使用。
水冷却的微通道冷凝器300、400的使用可为整体级联制冷***100提供改进的效率。已知其内的横截面积减小，微通道盘管330的使用相较于惯常的冷凝器减少了氨的充注量。此外，如果使用铝，微通道盘管330可提供更高的整体操作温度变化率。这种以较少的氨充注量而效率得以改进因而可确保本文所述的整体成本上的优势。
除氨170的流外，二氧化碳或其他制冷剂的流可在此使用。如果使用二氧化碳，微通道盘管330可被使用但不被称为冷凝器。相反地，微通道盘管330可设置在外壳310内，在这种情况下可被描述为流体(二氧化碳及类似物)对流体(水及类似物)热交换器。其他组件及其他配置可在此使用。
显然，上文仅涉及本申请及由此产生的专利的某些实施方式。在不脱离下面的权利要求及其等同方式所限定的本发明的一般精神及范围的情况下，本领域技术人员可在此作出多种改变和改进。

Claims (15)

1.一种用于级联制冷***的冷凝器，包括：
一个外壳；
一个微通道盘管；
流过所述微通道盘管的氨制冷剂；以及
流动穿过所述外壳用于与所述氨制冷剂热交换的基于水的冷却剂。
2.如权利要求1所述的冷凝器，其中所述外壳包括板状形状。
3.如权利要求1所述的冷凝器，其中所述外壳包括圆筒状形状。
4.如权利要求1所述的冷凝器，其中所述外壳包括内部流体空间。
5.如权利要求1所述的冷凝器，其中所述外壳包括壳流体入口和壳流体出口。
6.如权利要求1所述的冷凝器，其中所述外壳包括其内的多个流体导向器。
7.如权利要求1所述的冷凝器，其中所述微通道盘管包括铝。
8.如权利要求1所述的冷凝器，其中所述微通道盘管包括微通道流体入口和微通道流体出口。
9.如权利要求1所述的冷凝器，其中所述微通道盘管漂浮在所述外壳内。
10.如权利要求1所述的冷凝器，其中所述基于水的冷却剂包括乙二醇。
11.如权利要求1所述的冷凝器，其中所述氨制冷剂在所述外壳内与基于水的冷却剂交换热量。
12.如权利要求1所述的冷凝器，其中所述氨制冷剂在所述外壳内冷凝。
13.一种级联制冷***，包括：
一个低侧循环；和
一个高侧循环；
所述高侧循环包括一个水冷却的微通道热交换器。
14.如权利要求13所述的级联制冷***，其中所述高侧循环包括氨制冷剂或二氧化碳制冷剂。
15.如权利要求13所述的级联制冷***，其中所述水冷却的微通道热交换器包括一个外壳和外壳内的一个微通道盘管。
CN201610136283.1A 2015-03-11 2016-03-10 水冷却的微通道冷凝器 Pending CN105972848A (zh)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US14/644,265 US20160265814A1 (en) 2015-03-11 2015-03-11 Water Cooled Microchannel Condenser
US14/644,265 2015-03-11

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CN105972848A true CN105972848A (zh) 2016-09-28

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