CN105961827A - Quinoa straw biological feed and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Quinoa straw biological feed and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN105961827A CN105961827A CN201610315680.5A CN201610315680A CN105961827A CN 105961827 A CN105961827 A CN 105961827A CN 201610315680 A CN201610315680 A CN 201610315680A CN 105961827 A CN105961827 A CN 105961827A
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- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 78
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- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
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Landscapes
- Fodder In General (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a quinoa straw biological feed and a preparation method thereof. The biological feed is prepared by taking quinoa straws as main raw materials, and carrying out enzymolysis and fermentation. The biological feed is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 70 percent-80 percent of quinoa straws, 10 percent-15 percent of rice bran and 10 percent-15 percent of corn flour. The quinoa straw biological feed takes high-yield quinoa straws as the main raw materials and has the advantages of low cost, high nutritional value and high digestion rate. Through the preparation method of the quinoa straw biological feed, a fermentation technique is adopted; the nutrition of the feed is enriched; the nutrition materials in the feed are metabolized to be more digestible and absorbable materials; after the quinoa straw biological feed is fermented, the fragrance in the feed is improved; the palatability of the feed is improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to biological feedstuff field, in particular to a kind of Quinoa biological feedstuff of stalk and
Its preparation method.
Background technology
Quinoa, originates in mountain area, South America Andean, for annual herb plant, is that print adds original inhabitants residence
The main conventional food of the people, has the 5000-7000 plantation history of many years.In recent years, Quinoa is in China
Plant experimentally successfully and widelyd popularize, and the Quinoa plantation processing industry chain that the scale that defines is the most complete.
But after Quinoa seed harvest, substantial amounts of straw is arbitrarily abandoned or is burned, and not only causes great environment
Pollute, affect the quality of life of peasant, also result in the significant wastage of Quinoa straw biomass resource simultaneously.
At present, biological feedstuff of stalk is mainly with rice straw, Jerusalem artichoke straw, corn straw, Rhizoma Solani tuber osi seedling
Deng for primary raw material, domestic have no the biological feedstuff of stalk using Quinoa straw as raw material.
In view of this, the special proposition present invention.
Summary of the invention
The first object of the present invention is to provide a kind of Quinoa biological feedstuff of stalk, described Quinoa straw
Biological feedstuff, with China's huge Quinoa straw of yield as primary raw material, has low cost, nutriture value
Value advantages of higher, it is to avoid cause the waste of Quinoa straw.
The second object of the present invention is to provide the preparation method of a kind of described Quinoa biological feedstuff of stalk
, Quinoa straw is carried out biofermentation by the method, has that technique is simple, facilitate the advantages such as operation,
And the biological feedstuff that the method produces has good palatability, it is also possible to improve disappearing of straw feed
Rate.
In order to realize the above-mentioned purpose of the present invention, spy by the following technical solutions:
A kind of Quinoa biological feedstuff of stalk, described biological feedstuff mainly with Quinoa straw as raw material, passes through
Make after enzymolysis, fermentation.
Quinoa, originates in mountain area, South America Andean, is the main conventional food printing and adding aborigines,
There is abundant, the comprehensive nutritive value of uniqueness.Quinoa is full paddy full nutrition adequate proteins base-forming food,
Endosperm accounts for the 68% of seed, and has nutritional activities, and protein content is up to 16%-22% (beef 20%),
Quality and milk powder and meat are suitable, rich in several amino acids, wherein have needed by human whole 9 kinds must
Needing aminoacid, ratio suitably and is prone to absorb, and is especially enriched in plant the lysine lacked, calcium, magnesium,
The mineral matter nutritional content such as phosphorus, potassium, ferrum, zinc, selenium, manganese, copper is high, rich in unsaturated fatty acid,
Flavonoid, vitamin B group and vitamin E, choline, glycine betaine, folic acid, alpha-linolenic acid, β-Portugal
The multiple beneficial compounds such as polysaccharide, dietary fiber cellulose content is up to 7.1%, and cholesterol is 0, without bran
Matter, low fat, (305kcal/100g) low in calories, low glycemic (the glycemic value of GI 35, low liter of Standard for Sugars
It is 55), it is nearly all classic in common food.
Along with Quinoa based food is more and more welcome, the thing followed be substantial amounts of Quinoa straw this such as
Where is managed, and traditional crop straw burning pollutes the environment, and is also one to nutritious Quinoa straw simultaneously
Plant waste.The nutritional labeling of Quinoa straw is also far above corn straw etc., animal edible Quinoa straw system
After standby feedstuff, digestibility is good, is favorably improved the quality of animal.
Preferably, described Quinoa biological feedstuff of stalk, according to percent by weight, described biology is raised
The raw material of material includes: Quinoa straw 70%-80%, Testa oryzae 10%-15% and Semen Maydis powder 10%-15%.
Oryza glutinosa shell to be removed and account for the peel of gross weight about 10%, kind during being processed into polished rice
Skin, perisperm, mush layer and embryo, traditional Testa oryzae i.e. existing national standards Testa oryzae mainly by
Peel, seed coat, perisperm, aleurone and embryo are processed into, and are the principal by product of paddy processing.
Rich in various nutrients and biological active substances in Testa oryzae, the nutrition of feedstuff, meanwhile, rice can be enriched
Bran can be with strengthening the spleen and stomach and swelling diuretic, it is also possible to reduce cost.
Semen Maydis powder is the side-product after the extracted starch of corn kernel, is made up of zein, its albumen
Matter rich content, possibly together with a small amount of starch and fiber, and has special taste and color and luster, available
Doing protein feed raw material to use, its resources advantage is obvious, and feeding value is high.Zein powder is used as to raise
Advantage in material is that this product antinutritional factor is few, nutritious, feed safety performance is good.
The preparation method of a kind of described Quinoa biological feedstuff of stalk, comprises the steps:
Raw material is put into after cell wall degradation enzymatic solution processes, obtain enzymolysis material；
Sequentially pass through after described enzymolysis material is mixed with the compoiste fermented microbial inoculum of described activation fermentation,
Dry, obtain Quinoa biological feedstuff of stalk.
Cell wall degradation enzymatic solution can obtain major part Quinoa straw with the cell wall of hydrolyzing straw
Cytoplasm, the fermentation for feedstuff is prepared.The main component of straw is fiber, focuses primarily upon thin
Cell wall, cell wall content accounts for more than 70%, is made up of cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin；Acidity is washed
Wash fiber to be made up of cellulose and lignin.Cellulose, hemicellulose can be fine in the cud of cattle and sheep
Dimension decomposer acidolysis, generates volatile fatty acid, such as acetic acid, propanoic acid, butanoic acid etc., is absorbed by cattle and sheep
As utilization of energy.In cud, antibacterial can not decompose lignin.Cellulose in straw, hemicellulose and
Lignin is bound tightly together, and makes the digestibility of straw be affected.Straw is ripe must be the oldest,
Degree of lignification is the highest, and the digestibility of straw is the poorest.Herba chenopodii after cell wall degradation enzymatic solution processes
Wheat Straw biological feedstuff, it is easier to digested by poultry, improves the digestibility of Quinoa biological feedstuff of stalk.
Compoiste fermented microbial inoculum by two or more and mutually the most not the microorganism fungus kind of antagonism make micro-
Biological preparation.Compoiste fermented microbial inoculum is mixed with white sugar water, cultivates, the compound bacteria used by activation fermentation
Agent.Then Quinoa enzymolysis straw is mixed with the compoiste fermented microbial inoculum of activation, ferment, dries,
Obtain Quinoa biological feedstuff of stalk.
The biological feedstuff using the method to prepare, effectively make use of Quinoa straw, and by Quinoa straw
Stalk and biofermentation technique effectively combine, and are possible not only to retain the nutrition in all Quinoa straws, simultaneously
The absorption of Quinoa straw feed can also be promoted.
Preferably, the preparation method of described Quinoa biological feedstuff of stalk, described cell wall degrading enzyme is molten
Liquid is 1:(300-600 with the mass ratio of described Quinoa stalk section), and described cell wall degradation enzymatic solution,
Specifically include the following component in terms of mass concentration:
Cellulase 80000-1000000U/L, hemicellulase 80000-1000000U/L, pectase
80000-1000000U/L。
Cell wall degradation enzymatic solution is 1:(300-600 with the mass ratio of described Quinoa stalk section) to ensure
Cell wall fully dissolves.Wherein, cellulase (β-Isosorbide-5-Nitrae-glucosan-4-glucan hydrolase) is
The general name of the glucogenic one group of enzyme of degraded cellulose, it is not monomeric enzyme, but plays synergism
Multicomponent enzyme system, be a kind of compound enzyme, mainly by circumscribed 1,4 beta-glucanase, inscribe beta glucan
Enzyme and beta-glucosidase etc. form, and also have the xylanase of the highest vigor.Act on cellulose and
The product being derived from cellulose.Microbial cellulase becomes glucose at conversion insoluble fibrin
And in fruit and vegetable juice destroy cell wall thus improve the aspects such as fruit juice yield and there is very important meaning
Justice.Hemicellulase is a kind of polysaccharose substance (cellulose and fruit that can hydrolyze and constitute plant cell membrane
Except glue material) enzyme, be used for processing Quinoa straw, the digestibility of Quinoa straw can be improved.
Pectase refers to decompose the enzyme of plant main component pectic substance, it is possible to obtain thin in more Quinoa
Kytoplasm, promotes that fermentation reaction is carried out, improves the utilization rate of Quinoa Middle nutrition material.
Preferably, described raw material, before putting into cell wall degradation enzymatic solution, also includes: by Quinoa straw
Stalk is cut into the Quinoa stalk section of 2-5 centimetre, and mixes all with Testa oryzae and the Semen Maydis powder of set weight proportion
Even.
The a length of 2-5cm of Quinoa straw, facilitates Quinoa straw to mix homogeneously with Testa oryzae and Semen Maydis powder, conveniently
Processing, can improve the speed of fermentation simultaneously.
Preferably, specifically include: photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria and yeast；
Wherein, described photosynthetic bacteria, described lactic acid bacteria are (1.0-2.0) with described saccharomycetic kind amount ratio:
(1.0-2.5): (1.0-2.0)；
And/or；
Described raw material is (10-10000) with the mass ratio of the compoiste fermented microbial inoculum of described activation: 1.
It is furthermore preferred that every gram containing useful total bacteria count >=1,000,000,000/g.
Described Quinoa enzymolysis stalk section with the mass ratio of the compoiste fermented microbial inoculum of described activation is
(10-10000):1。
This type of microbial inoculum typically has that kind is complete, compatibility is reasonable, functional strong advantage.Quinoa straw warp
After crossing the tired fermentation of above-mentioned probiotic bacteria, the nutritional labeling being more easy to absorb can be changed into, improve Quinoa straw
Utilization rate.Preferably, the preparation method of described Quinoa biological feedstuff of stalk, the temperature of described process
Degree is for 25-40 DEG C, and the time is 10-12 hour.
Use cell wall degradation enzymatic solution to process Quinoa straw under warm water, the activity of enzyme can be improved, with
Time, it is to avoid enzyme inactivates under low temperature or excessive temperature, affects the process technique of Quinoa straw, thus shadow
Ring follow-up sweat, affect nutrient content and the absorbance of straw.
Preferably, the preparation method of described Quinoa biological feedstuff of stalk, it is characterised in that described
The activation process of ferment composite bacteria agent capable specifically includes: be the white sugar of 8-15% to 90L-100L mass fraction
Water adds compoiste fermented microbial inoculum, cultivates 2-4 hour at 20-25 DEG C, obtain the fermenting compound fungus of activation
Agent.
White sugar water can be that fermenting compound fungus agent provides enough nutrition so that compoiste fermented microbial inoculum has
The best activity.Cultivate at 20-25 DEG C, be the active temperature range of compoiste fermented microbial inoculum, be conducive to
Enzyme is in the abundant fermentation of high-activity fermented state, beneficially Quinoa straw, may advantageously facilitate Quinoa straw
The nutrient substance of stalk is more easy to be absorbed by poultry.
Preferably, the process of described fermentation, specifically include following steps:
Described enzymolysis material is mixed with the compoiste fermented microbial inoculum of described activation, then piles width
1.0-1.5 rice, high 1-1.5 rice, length is about the bar stack of 800-900 rice, with plastic sheeting cloth lid
Living, carry out the fermentation of 3-5 days, fermentation is to brown or pitchy, and water content is at 60-70%.
Fermentation, to brown or pitchy, illustrates that fermentation completely, is one determination methods intuitively.
Preferably, during described drying, it is specially and drying materials after fermentation is less than to water content
15%.
Dry to water content less than 15%, it is simple to store and transport.
Compared with prior art, the invention have the benefit that
1), the present invention provide Quinoa biological feedstuff of stalk, be main with the Quinoa straw that yield is huge
Raw material, have low cost, be of high nutritive value, the advantage such as digestibility is good.
2), the preparation method of Quinoa biological feedstuff of stalk that provides of the present invention, use fermentation technique, rich
The rich nutrition of feedstuff, and make the nutrient substance in feedstuff be metabolised to thing that is more easy to digest and that absorb
Matter, after fermentation, can tart up in feedstuff, improves the palatability of feedstuff.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with embodiment, embodiment of the present invention are described in detail, but this area skill
Art personnel are it will be appreciated that the following example is merely to illustrate the present invention, and are not construed as limiting the present invention
Scope.Unreceipted actual conditions person in embodiment, the condition advised according to normal condition or manufacturer
Carry out.Agents useful for same or instrument unreceipted production firm person, being can be by commercially available purchase acquisition
Conventional products.
Embodiment 1
Quinoa biological feedstuff of stalk provided by the present invention, including following component:
Quinoa straw 1000kg.
The preparation method of this Quinoa biological feedstuff of stalk, comprises the following steps:
Raw material is put into after cell wall degradation enzymatic solution processes, obtain enzymolysis material；
Sequentially pass through fermentation after being mixed with the compoiste fermented microbial inoculum of activation by described enzymolysis material, dry,
Obtain Quinoa biological feedstuff of stalk.
Embodiment 2
Quinoa biological feedstuff of stalk provided by the present invention, including following component:
Quinoa straw 800kg, Testa oryzae 100kg, Semen Maydis powder 100kg.
The preparation method of this Quinoa biological feedstuff of stalk, specifically includes following steps:
S21, Quinoa straw is cut into the Quinoa stalk section of 2-5 centimetre, then mixes with Testa oryzae and Semen Maydis powder
After closing uniformly, put in cell wall degradation enzymatic solution, process 10 hours at 25 DEG C, obtain Quinoa enzyme
Solve straw；
Wherein, cell wall degradation enzymatic solution, specifically include the following component in terms of mass concentration: fiber
Element enzyme 80000U/L, hemicellulase 80000U/L, pectase 80000U/L；
S22, it is that 8% white sugar water mixes by compoiste fermented for 80kg microbial inoculum and 8000kg, mass concentration,
Cultivate 2 hours at 20 DEG C, obtain the compoiste fermented microbial inoculum of activation；By above-mentioned Quinoa enzymolysis straw and work
The compoiste fermented microbial inoculum mix homogeneously changed, piles wide 1.0 meters, high 1 meter, the bar shaped of length 800 meters
Heap, covers with plastic sheeting cloth, ferments 3 days, and fermentation is to brown or pitchy, and water content reaches 60%；
When drying to water content is 15%, obtain Quinoa biological feedstuff of stalk；
Wherein, compoiste fermented microbial inoculum specifically includes following component: photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria and yeast；
Wherein, described photosynthetic bacteria, described lactic acid bacteria and described saccharomycetic kind amount are than for 1.0:1.0:
1.0。
Embodiment 3
Quinoa biological feedstuff of stalk provided by the present invention, including following component:
Quinoa straw 1000kg, Testa oryzae 100kg, Semen Maydis powder 100kg.
The preparation method of this Quinoa biological feedstuff of stalk, specifically includes following steps:
S31, Quinoa straw is cut into the Quinoa stalk section of 3 centimetres, then mixes with Testa oryzae and Semen Maydis powder
After Jun Yun, put in cell wall degradation enzymatic solution, process 11 hours at 30 DEG C, obtain Quinoa enzymolysis
Straw；
Wherein, cell wall degradation enzymatic solution, specifically include the following component in terms of mass concentration: fiber
Element enzyme 100000U/L, hemicellulase 100000U/L, pectase 100000U/L；
S32, it is that 12% white sugar water mixes by compoiste fermented for 0.1kg microbial inoculum and 1000kg, mass concentration,
Cultivate 3 hours at 22 DEG C, obtain the compoiste fermented microbial inoculum of activation；By above-mentioned Quinoa enzymolysis straw and work
The compoiste fermented microbial inoculum mix homogeneously changed, piles wide 1.5 meters, high 1.5 meters, the bar of length 900 meters
Shape heap, covers with plastic sheeting cloth, ferments 4 days, and fermentation is to brown or pitchy, and water content reaches
60%；When drying to water content is 10%, obtain Quinoa biological feedstuff of stalk；
Wherein, compoiste fermented microbial inoculum specifically includes following component: photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria and yeast；
Wherein, described photosynthetic bacteria, described lactic acid bacteria and described saccharomycetic kind amount are than for 2.0:1.0:
2.0。
Embodiment 4
Quinoa biological feedstuff of stalk provided by the present invention, including following component:
Quinoa straw 700kg, Testa oryzae 150kg, Semen Maydis powder 150kg.
The preparation method of this Quinoa biological feedstuff of stalk, specifically includes following steps:
S41, Quinoa straw is cut into the Quinoa stalk section of 5 centimetres, then mixes with Testa oryzae and Semen Maydis powder
After Jun Yun, put in cell wall degradation enzymatic solution, process 12 hours at 40 DEG C, obtain Quinoa enzymolysis
Straw；
Wherein, cell wall degradation enzymatic solution, specifically include the following component in terms of mass concentration: fiber
Element enzyme 1000000U/L, half agent dimension element enzyme 1000000U/L, pectase 1000000U/L；
S42, it is that 15% white sugar water mixes by compoiste fermented for 2kg microbial inoculum and 2000kg, mass concentration,
Cultivate 4 hours at 25 DEG C, obtain the compoiste fermented microbial inoculum of activation；By above-mentioned Quinoa enzymolysis straw and work
The compoiste fermented microbial inoculum mix homogeneously changed, piles wide 1.3 meters, high 1.3 meters, the bar of length 850 meters
Shape heap, covers with plastic sheeting cloth, ferments 5 days, and fermentation is to brown or pitchy, and water content reaches
65%；Dry to water content when 70%, obtain Quinoa biological feedstuff of stalk；
Wherein, compoiste fermented microbial inoculum specifically includes following component: photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria and yeast；
Wherein, described photosynthetic bacteria, described lactic acid bacteria and described saccharomycetic kind amount are than for 2.0:2.5:
2.0。
Experimental example 1 Quinoa biological feedstuff of stalk nutritional labeling is tested
The nutrient composition content of the Quinoa biological feedstuff of stalk being provided this law inventive embodiments 1-4 enters
Row test, experimental result is as shown in table 1, and with broomcorn straw and cornstalk biological feedstuff carry out right
Ratio, the biological feedstuff in comparative example uses conventional method of the prior art to be prepared from.
Table 1 biological feedstuff nutritional labeling is tested
It is demonstrated experimentally that the Quinoa straw feed that the present invention provides, crude protein, fat and gross energy are the highest
In broomcorn straw feedstuff and corn straw feedstuff.Content of ashes is less, and crude fibre after treatment
Content reduces, and is favorably improved the digestibility of Quinoa biological feedstuff of stalk.
The external the average digestibility of experimental example 2 Quinoa biological feedstuff of stalk is tested
The external the average digestibility of the Quinoa biological feedstuff of stalk that this law inventive embodiments 1-4 is provided
Testing, experimental result is as shown in table 2, and carries out with broomcorn straw and cornstalk biological feedstuff
Contrast, the biological feedstuff in comparative example uses conventional method of the prior art to be prepared from.
As shown in Table 2, the every Vitro Digestibility of Quinoa straw feed that the present invention provides is above Semen Maydis
Biological feedstuff of stalk and broomcorn straw biological feedstuff, contribute to digestion and the absorption of poultry, improves Quinoa
The nutritive value of straw feed.
In sum, the Quinoa biological feedstuff of stalk that the present invention provides, with the Quinoa straw that yield is huge
For primary raw material, have low cost, be of high nutritive value, the advantage such as digestibility is good.The present invention provides
The preparation method of Quinoa biological feedstuff of stalk, uses fermentation technique, enriches the nutrition of feedstuff, and
The nutrient substance in feedstuff is made to be metabolised to material that is more easy to digest and that absorb, after fermentation, meeting in feedstuff
Tart up, improve the palatability of feedstuff.
Although illustrate and describing the present invention with specific embodiment, but it will be appreciated that and do not carrying on the back
May be made that in the case of the spirit and scope of the present invention many other change and amendment.Therefore,
This means all these changes including belonging in the scope of the invention in the following claims and repair
Change.
Claims (10)
1. a Quinoa biological feedstuff of stalk, it is characterised in that
Described biological feedstuff is mainly with Quinoa straw as raw material, by making after enzymolysis, fermentation.
Quinoa biological feedstuff of stalk the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that according to weight
Percent meter, the raw material of described biological feedstuff includes:
Quinoa straw 70%-80%, Testa oryzae 10%-15% and Semen Maydis powder 10%-15%.
The preparation method of Quinoa biological feedstuff of stalk the most according to claim 1 and 2, its feature
It is, comprises the steps:
Raw material is put into after cell wall degradation enzymatic solution processes, obtain enzymolysis material；
Sequentially pass through fermentation after being mixed with the compoiste fermented microbial inoculum of activation by described enzymolysis material, dry,
Obtain Quinoa biological feedstuff of stalk.
The preparation method of Quinoa biological feedstuff of stalk the most according to claim 3, it is characterised in that
Described cell wall degradation enzymatic solution is 1:(300-600 with the mass ratio of described raw material), and described cell
Containing cellulase 80000-1000000U/L, hemicellulase in wall degrading enzyme solution
80000-1000000U/L, pectase 80000-1000000U/L.
The preparation method of Quinoa biological feedstuff of stalk the most according to claim 3, it is characterised in that
Described raw material, before putting into cell wall degradation enzymatic solution, also includes: Quinoa straw is cut into 2-5 li
The Quinoa stalk section of rice, and mix homogeneously with Testa oryzae and the Semen Maydis powder of set weight proportion.
The preparation method of Quinoa biological feedstuff of stalk the most according to claim 3, it is characterised in that
Described compoiste fermented microbial inoculum, specifically includes: photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria and yeast；
Wherein, described photosynthetic bacteria, described lactic acid bacteria are (1.0-2.0) with described saccharomycetic kind amount ratio:
(1.0-2.5): (1.0-2.0)；
And/or；
Described raw material is (10-10000) with the mass ratio of the compoiste fermented microbial inoculum of described activation: 1.
The preparation method of Quinoa biological feedstuff of stalk the most according to claim 3, it is characterised in that
The temperature of described process is 25-40 DEG C, and the time is 10-12 hour.
The preparation method of Quinoa biological feedstuff of stalk the most according to claim 3, it is characterised in that
The activation process of described compoiste fermented microbial inoculum specifically includes: be 8-15%'s to 90L-100L mass fraction
White sand sucrose solution adds described compoiste fermented microbial inoculum, cultivates 2-4 hour at 20-25 DEG C, obtain activation
Compoiste fermented microbial inoculum.
The preparation method of Quinoa biological feedstuff of stalk the most according to claim 3, it is characterised in that
The process of described fermentation, specifically includes following steps:
Described enzymolysis material is mixed with the compoiste fermented microbial inoculum of described activation, then piles width
1.0-1.5 rice, high 1-1.5 rice, length is about the bar stack of 800-900 rice, with plastic sheeting cloth lid
Living, carry out the fermentation of 3-5 days, fermentation is to brown or pitchy, and water content is 60-70%.
10. according to the preparation method of the Quinoa biological feedstuff of stalk described in any one of claim 3-9,
It is characterized in that, during described drying, be specially and drying materials after fermentation is less than to water content
15%.
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| CN108402279A (en) * | 2018-05-22 | 2018-08-17 | 中国科学院西北高原生物研究所 | A kind of breeds differentiation wet sheep feed and preparation method thereof |
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