A kind of dry powder fire extinguishing agent and preparation method
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of fire control, more particularly to a kind of dry powder fire extinguishing agent and preparation method.
Background technique
Dry powder fire extinguishing agent is a kind of common extinguishing chemical, has drying, Yi Liudong, good moisture resistance and caking performance etc. special
Point is widely used in oil field, oil depot, oil plant, chemical plant, chemical industry warehouse, ship, airport and industrial and mining enterprises.
Dry powder fire extinguishing agent used at present is broadly divided into 3 classes: the first kind, can be with using sodium chloride, potassium chloride or barium chloride as main material
Including organic matter etc., it is mainly used for D class fire.Dry sodium chloride, potassium chloride or barium chloride heating conduction are poor, and combustion can be absorbed
The heat of the metal surface of burning simultaneously anchors at metal surface, while organic matter in dry powder etc. is by the high temperature action point of metal surface
Solution forms coating in the metal surface of burning together with chloride and metal and air exclusion is played the role of fire extinguishing.
Second class is multipurpose dry powder fire extinguishing agent, also known as ABC powder extinguishing agent, using phosphoric acid by salts substances as main material,
Can containing vulcanization by or phosphoric acid press ingredient, such dry powder fire extinguishing agent can be used for ABCE class fire.Phosphoric acid absorbs heat in burning by salt
Decomposite ammonia and phosphoric acid, free ammonia therein can be reacted with flame combustion in the OH radical reaction that generates, reduce and terminate combustion
It burns reaction to generate free radicals, reduces combustion rate, play the role of fire extinguishing.In addition, phosphoric acid is decomposed by salt under high temperature, it can be with
One layer of vitreous film is generated in solid matter surface, is covered in comburant surface, forming brittleness covering after cooling makes to burn
Surface and air exclusion can prevent re-ignition when covering reaches certain thickness.Third class is common dry powder fire extinguishing agent, also known as
BC dry powder fire extinguishing agent, using sodium bicarbonate or saleratus as main material, such dry powder fire extinguishing agent is only used for BCE class fire;It is main
It to be decomposed using the bicarbonate in dry powder by high temperature action, discharge a large amount of carbon dioxide and water, played certain cold
But with dilution fuel gas effect.
Publication number CN 101444659A(application number 200810148019.5) Chinese patent literature disclose a kind of phosphoric acid
Ammonium salt dry powder fire extinguishing agent, by weight by phosphoric acid by wet process monoammonium 1-300, thermal phosphoric acid monoammonium 200-800, ammonium sulfate 1-
400, calcium carbonate 10-20, atlapulgite 15-30, mountain flour 150-200, White Carbon black 5-20, compound 5-15 raw material system of silicone oil
At.102512779 A(application number 201110378093.8 of application publication number CN) Chinese patent literature disclose a kind of dry powder
Extinguishing chemical, the dry powder fire extinguishing agent include the inorganic salts containing the crystallization water of 60wt%-92wt%, the calcium carbonate of 3wt%-15wt%,
The anti-blushing agent of 3wt%-8wt%, the talcum powder of lwt%-9wt% and the atlapulgite of lwt%-8wt%.Application publication number CN
103768752 A(application number 201410056985.X) Chinese patent literature disclose it is a kind of dry containing smectite powder
Powder extinguishing chemical, is made from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 70-90 parts of smectite powder, 5-10 parts of mica powder, hydration zinc sulphide
10-15 parts, 3-5 parts of calcium hydroxide, 5-8 parts of magnesium stearate, silicone oil 3-5 parts nitrogenous, 2-3 parts of expansible graphite, magnesite 2-3
Part, 2-3 parts of urea, 5-8 parts of calcium lignosulfonate, 3-5 parts of bamboo charcoal fiber, 2-3 parts of industrial essence, 2-4 parts of zinc borate, chlorination stone
1-3 parts of wax, 8-10 parts of diatomite.
There are various complex situations for usual scene of fire, not only have plane fire, also have stereo burning type fire, stand
The generation of volumetric combustion type fire is more universal and fire extinguishing difficulty is big.Existing dry powder fire extinguishing agent powder is used for stereo burning type fire
When, it is not easy to be attached on the three-dimensional surface of burning objects, is easy to fall off or disperses by wind-force, extinguishing effect is bad.
Summary of the invention
In view of the deficiencies of the prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of dry powder fire extinguishing agent and preparation methods.The present invention
There is good extinguishing property to stereo burning type fire, fire-fighting efficiency is high, moisture resistance is strong, anti-re-ignition is good, environmentally friendly.
The technical scheme is that
A kind of dry powder fire extinguishing agent takes the primary raw material of following weight proportions to be prepared: alkaline residue 25-35, sodium bicarbonate 30-
42, sodium oxalate 17-26, marl 5-12, carbonic acid magnesium powder 4-9, silicone oil 2-5, gypsum 6-14, chlorinated rubber 2.5-5, zinc borate 2-
6, polybutene 1-4, tin oxide 1.5-4.
A kind of dry powder fire extinguishing agent, Preferable scheme is that, take the primary raw material of following weight proportions to be prepared: alkaline residue 27-
32, sodium bicarbonate 33-40, sodium oxalate 20-24, marl 7-10, carbonic acid magnesium powder 5-8, silicone oil 2.5-4.5, gypsum 8-12, chlorination
Rubber 3-4, zinc borate 3-5, polybutene 2-3, tin oxide 2-3.
A kind of dry powder fire extinguishing agent, more preferred scheme are that the primary raw material of following weight proportions is taken to be prepared: alkaline residue
30, sodium bicarbonate 36, sodium oxalate 22, marl 9, carbonic acid magnesium powder 7, silicone oil 3, gypsum 10, chlorinated rubber 3.5, zinc borate 4, gather
Butylene 2.5, tin oxide 2.5.
The preparation method of above-mentioned dry powder fire extinguishing agent is:
(1) silicon nitride is taken, water and polymethylacrylic acid is added, the quality of water is the 1/6-1/2 of silicon nitride quality, poly- methyl
The weight of acrylic acid is the 0.03-0.08% of silicon nitride quality, is put into ball grinder, is ground, and is ground 60-78 hours, sieving filters out
Mill is situated between, and drying is ground, and is sieved;
(2) alkaline residue, marl, gypsum, chlorinated rubber, zinc borate, polybutene and tin oxide are crushed respectively, is sieved;
(3) it by mixing obtained by step (1) and step (2), stirs evenly, it is 5-8 hours dry in 95-115 DEG C of drying, add
Enter sodium oxalate, carbonic acid magnesium powder, it is 9 hours dry in 80-100 DEG C, it is cooled to room temperature, sodium bicarbonate is added, mix, silicone oil is added, stirs
It is even, dry, pulverize, sieving to get.
It is preferred that being step (1), the quality of water is the 1/5-1/3 of silicon nitride quality.
It is preferred that being step (1), the weight of polymethylacrylic acid is the 0.05-0.07% of silicon nitride quality.
It is preferred that being step (1), grind 65-74 hours.
It is preferred that being step (3), in 100-110 DEG C of drying.
It is preferred that it is step (3), it is 6-7 hours dry.
It is preferred that it is step (3), it is 12 hours dry in 85-95 DEG C.
More preferred, the quality of step (1) water is the 1/4 of silicon nitride quality.
More preferred, the weight of step (1) polymethylacrylic acid is the 0.06% of silicon nitride quality.
More preferred, step (1) is ground 70 hours.
More preferred, step (3) is in 105 DEG C of dryings.
More preferred, step (3) is 6.5 hours dry.
More preferred, step (3) is 9 hours dry in 90 DEG C.
Dry powder fire extinguishing agent preparation method provided by the invention is simple.In addition to this, the excellent effect of the invention is also manifested as follows:
1, the present invention has good extinguishing property to stereo burning type fire, and fire-fighting efficiency is high;
2, moisture resistance is strong, anti-re-ignition is good, environmentally friendly.
Specific embodiment
The technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments and experimental examples, but protection scope is without being limited thereto.
A kind of dry powder fire extinguishing agent of embodiment 1 takes the primary raw material of following weight parts that (every part is 720g): alkaline residue is prepared
25 parts, 30 parts of sodium bicarbonate, 17 parts of sodium oxalate, 5 parts of marl, 4 parts of carbonic acid magnesium powder, 2 parts of silicone oil, 6 parts of gypsum, chlorinated rubber
2.5 parts, 2 parts of zinc borate, 1 part of polybutene, 1.5 parts of tin oxide.
The preparation method of above-mentioned dry powder fire extinguishing agent is:
(1) silicon nitride is taken, water and polymethylacrylic acid is added, the quality of water is the 1/6 of silicon nitride quality, polymethyl
The weight of acid is the 0.03% of silicon nitride quality, is put into ball grinder, is ground, and is ground 60 hours, and sieving filters out mill and is situated between, and is dried, mill
It is broken, sieving;
(2) alkaline residue, marl, gypsum, chlorinated rubber, zinc borate, polybutene and tin oxide are crushed respectively, is sieved;
(3) it by mixing obtained by step (1) and step (2), stirs evenly, it is 5 hours dry in 95 DEG C of dryings, oxalic acid is added
Sodium, carbonic acid magnesium powder, it is 9 hours dry in 80 DEG C, it is cooled to room temperature, sodium bicarbonate is added, mix, silicone oil is added, stirs evenly, dry, powder
It is broken, sieving to get.
A kind of dry powder fire extinguishing agent of embodiment 2 takes the primary raw material of following weight parts that (every part is 720g): alkaline residue is prepared
35 parts, 42 parts of sodium bicarbonate, 26 parts of sodium oxalate, 12 parts of marl, 9 parts of carbonic acid magnesium powder, 5 parts of silicone oil, 14 parts of gypsum, chlorinated rubber
5 parts, 6 parts of zinc borate, 4 parts of polybutene, 4 parts of tin oxide.
The preparation method of above-mentioned dry powder fire extinguishing agent is:
(1) silicon nitride is taken, water and polymethylacrylic acid is added, the quality of water is the 1/2 of silicon nitride quality, polymethyl
The weight of acid is the 0.08% of silicon nitride quality, is put into ball grinder, is ground, and is ground 78 hours, and sieving filters out mill and is situated between, and is dried, mill
It is broken, sieving;
(2) alkaline residue, marl, gypsum, chlorinated rubber, zinc borate, polybutene and tin oxide are crushed respectively, is sieved;
(3) it by mixing obtained by step (1) and step (2), stirs evenly, it is 8 hours dry in 115 DEG C of dryings, oxalic acid is added
Sodium, carbonic acid magnesium powder, it is 9 hours dry in 100 DEG C, it is cooled to room temperature, sodium bicarbonate is added, mix, silicone oil is added, stirs evenly, dry, powder
It is broken, sieving to get.
A kind of dry powder fire extinguishing agent of embodiment 3 takes the primary raw material of following weight parts that (every part is 720g): alkaline residue is prepared
27 parts, 33 parts of sodium bicarbonate, 20 parts of sodium oxalate, 7 parts of marl, 5 parts of carbonic acid magnesium powder, 2.5 parts of silicone oil, 8 parts of gypsum, chlorinated rubber
3 parts, 3 parts of zinc borate, 2 parts of polybutene, 2 parts of tin oxide.
The preparation method of above-mentioned dry powder fire extinguishing agent is:
(1) silicon nitride is taken, water and polymethylacrylic acid is added, the quality of water is the 1/5 of silicon nitride quality, polymethyl
The weight of acid is the 0.05% of silicon nitride quality, is put into ball grinder, is ground, and is ground 65 hours, and sieving filters out mill and is situated between, and is dried, mill
It is broken, sieving;
(2) alkaline residue, marl, gypsum, chlorinated rubber, zinc borate, polybutene and tin oxide are crushed respectively, is sieved;
(3) it by mixing obtained by step (1) and step (2), stirs evenly, it is 6 hours dry in 100 DEG C of dryings, oxalic acid is added
Sodium, carbonic acid magnesium powder, it is 9 hours dry in 85 DEG C, it is cooled to room temperature, sodium bicarbonate is added, mix, silicone oil is added, stirs evenly, dry, powder
It is broken, sieving to get.
A kind of dry powder fire extinguishing agent of embodiment 4 takes the primary raw material of following weight parts that (every part is 720g): alkaline residue is prepared
32 parts, 40 parts of sodium bicarbonate, 24 parts of sodium oxalate, 10 parts of marl, 8 parts of carbonic acid magnesium powder, 4.5 parts of silicone oil, 12 parts of gypsum, chlorination rubber
4 parts of glue, 5 parts of zinc borate, 3 parts of polybutene, 3 parts of tin oxide.
The preparation method of above-mentioned dry powder fire extinguishing agent is:
(1) silicon nitride is taken, water and polymethylacrylic acid is added, the quality of water is the 1/3 of silicon nitride quality, polymethyl
The weight of acid is the 0.07% of silicon nitride quality, is put into ball grinder, is ground, and is ground 74 hours, and sieving filters out mill and is situated between, and is dried, mill
It is broken, sieving;
(2) alkaline residue, marl, gypsum, chlorinated rubber, zinc borate, polybutene and tin oxide are crushed respectively, is sieved;
(3) it by mixing obtained by step (1) and step (2), stirs evenly, it is 7 hours dry in 110 DEG C of dryings, oxalic acid is added
Sodium, carbonic acid magnesium powder, it is 9 hours dry in 95 DEG C, it is cooled to room temperature, sodium bicarbonate is added, mix, silicone oil is added, stirs evenly, dry, powder
It is broken, sieving to get.
A kind of dry powder fire extinguishing agent of embodiment 5 takes the primary raw material of following weight parts that (every part is 720g): alkaline residue is prepared
30 parts, 36 parts of sodium bicarbonate, 22 parts of sodium oxalate, 9 parts of marl, 8 parts of carbonic acid magnesium powder, 3 parts of silicone oil, 10 parts of gypsum, chlorinated rubber
3.5 parts, 4 parts of zinc borate, 2.5 parts of polybutene, 2.5 parts of tin oxide.
The preparation method of above-mentioned dry powder fire extinguishing agent is:
(1) silicon nitride is taken, water and polymethylacrylic acid is added, the quality of water is the 1/4 of silicon nitride quality, polymethyl
The weight of acid is the 0.06% of silicon nitride quality, is put into ball grinder, is ground, and is ground 70 hours, and sieving filters out mill and is situated between, and is dried, mill
It is broken, sieving;
(2) alkaline residue, marl, gypsum, chlorinated rubber, zinc borate, polybutene and tin oxide are crushed respectively, is sieved;
(3) it by mixing obtained by step (1) and step (2), stirs evenly, it is 6.5 hours dry in 105 DEG C of dryings, grass is added
Sour sodium, carbonic acid magnesium powder, it is 9 hours dry in 90 DEG C, it is cooled to room temperature, sodium bicarbonate is added, mix, silicone oil is added, stirs evenly, it is dry,
Crush, sieving to get.
Primary raw material used in the present invention:
Alkaline residue: alkaline residue refers to the alkaline scrap material that alkaline and alkali process are discharged in the process in industrial production.Include ammonium alkaline process system
The alkaline scrap material of the waste residue discharged during alkali and other industrial processes discharge.Alkaline residue composition mainly includes calcium carbonate, sulphur
The calcium salts such as sour calcium, calcium chloride are the waste residue of main component, also containing compositions such as a small amount of sulfur dioxide.
Marl: be often referred to be mixed by flour sand and mud grade carbonate with clay mineral form a kind of it is loose, soft, frangible compared with
New sedimentary rock.Often it is in the colors such as grey, yellow, green, also there is dark color.Carbonate components account for 30~70% by weight, and mineral are mainly
Calcite, dolomite, aragonite are rare, and siderite is less.Clay mineral has illite, and montmorillonite, kaolinite be not common.Accessory constituent
There are quartz, glauconite, feldspar, apatite race, iron mineral, organic matter etc..
Silicone oil: it is commonly referred to as keeping the linear polysiloxanes product of liquid condition at room temperature.It is generally divided into methyl silicon
Oil and two class of modified silicon oil.Most common silicone oil-methyl-silicone oil, also referred to as common silicone oil, all methyl of organic group, first
Base silicone oil has good chemical stability, insulating properties, and hydrophobic performance is good.It is that water hydrolysis is added to be made by dimethyldichlorosilane
Low ring body is made through cracking, rectifying in first minification polycyclic body, ring body, and ring body, closure agent, catalyst are then put together telomerization can
The mixture of various different polymerization degrees is obtained, silicone oil can be made by removing low-boiling-point substance through vacuum distillation.
Chlorinated rubber: chlorinated rubber is the derivative production of rubber obtained after chlorination modified by natural rubber or synthetic rubber
Product.Chlorinated rubber relative density be 1.596, water absorption rate be 0.1 to 0.3, thermal stable temperature be 130 DEG C, dissolve in aromatic hydrocarbon,
In esters, ketone, ethers, vegetable and animals oils and chlorinated hydrocarbon solution, but aliphatic hydrocarbon, alcohols and water 2 are not dissolved in.Industrial chlorinated rubber
General white or milk yellow is powdered, sheet or threadiness, chlorine mass fraction have preferable heat-resisting between 62~65
Property.
Zinc borate: zinc borate is a kind of non-halogen flame retardant of environment-friendly type, nontoxic, low aqueous solubility, high thermal stability, granularity
Small, the features such as specific gravity is small, good dispersion, the fields such as plastics, rubber, coating are widely used in as a kind of efficient flame-retarding agent.
Polybutene: it is liquid made of a small amount of n-butene copolymerization of advocating peace that polybutene, which is with isobutene, and structure is nearly all
Long-chain, and the monoolefine with a double bond.The not stringent difference in use of polybutene and low molecular polyisobutylene, by
It is essentially identical in preparation method, therefore be not easy strictly to distinguish.But polybutene is using mixed butene as raw material, is different from structure
The copolymer of butylene and n-butene, molecular weight is lower, is a kind of thick liquid.It is used mainly as synthetic lubricant fluid.And low point
It is raw material that sub- polyisobutene, which is by high-purity isobutylene, is the homopolymer of isobutene in structure, is in semi-solid, molecular weight one
As it is higher than polybutene, mainly used as thickening agent.Low molecular weight polycaprolactone butylene, because its be free of waxy substance due to have it is good electrically
Characteristic, therefore it is used as electric insulation oil extensively.Since it can all be decomposed without leaving residue at 300 DEG C or so, height can be used as
Temperature is without carbon distribution lube base component.It is widely applied to two stroke engine oil, electric insulation oil, lubrication, coolant liquid and production are low
Super-high pressure compressor steam cylinder oil during density polyethylene etc..
Tin oxide: tin oxide includes tin monoxide SnO and stannic oxide SnO2Two kinds.Tin monoxide is black cubic crystal
Body;6.446 grams per cubic centimter of density (0 DEG C);It is not soluble in water, it is soluble in acid.Stannic oxide is the main component of cassiterite, white four directions
Crystal;1630 DEG C of fusing point, 1800~1900 DEG C of distillations, 6.95 grams per cubic centimter of density;It is not soluble in water, it is more difficult to acid to be dissolved in, in dense sulphur
Heating can dissolve for a long time in acid.Tin monoxide heats easy to oxidize at stannic oxide in air, and completely cutting off air heating can occur
Disproportionated reaction: 4SnO-→ Sn3O4+Sn.Tin monoxide is relatively insoluble in dense strong base solution, and product has apparent reproducibility.Titanium dioxide
Tin is all stable to air and heat, generates soluble stannate with highly basic congruent melting.Tin monoxide can be by tin (II) salting liquid and highly basic
Heat together is produced.Stannic oxide can be heated in air or be dissolved in after concentrated nitric acid thermal dehydration by metallic tin to produce.Dioxy
Changing tin is the raw material for preparing three hydrated stannic acid sodium of metallic tin and mordant, it can also be used to make various enamel and enamel, can also do
The abrasive material of glass.
Test example is tested, is tied to test the extinguishing property of dry powder fire extinguishing agent (embodiment 5) obtained by the present invention
Fruit is as shown in table 1.
Table 1: products obtained therefrom fire-extinguishing test result of the present invention
As it can be seen from table 1 commercially available dry powder fire extinguishing agent cannot quickly extinguish edible oil fire, and its re-ignition cannot be prevented.It is first
Secondary apply can extinguish edible oil fire in products obtained therefrom 2s of the present invention, and re-ignition occurs after 10s, apply present invention gained again and produce
Product, 2s is interior again to put out flame, and re-ignition does not occur again.This shows that Ben Fanming products obtained therefrom fire-fighting efficiency is high, anti-re-ignition
It can be good.
Finally it should be noted that embodiment is the optimal specific embodiment of the present invention, it is not limited to this
Invention, although the present invention is described in detail referring to the foregoing embodiments, for those skilled in the art, according to
It is so possible to modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or part of technical characteristic is equally replaced
It changes.All within the spirits and principles of the present invention, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and so on should be included in the present invention
Protection scope within.