CN105928643A - Bentonite two-way swelling force measuring instrument - Google Patents
Bentonite two-way swelling force measuring instrument Download PDFInfo
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- CN105928643A CN105928643A CN201610266150.6A CN201610266150A CN105928643A CN 105928643 A CN105928643 A CN 105928643A CN 201610266150 A CN201610266150 A CN 201610266150A CN 105928643 A CN105928643 A CN 105928643A
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- bentonite
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L1/00—Measuring force or stress, in general
- G01L1/20—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations in ohmic resistance of solid materials or of electrically-conductive fluids; by making use of electrokinetic cells, i.e. liquid-containing cells wherein an electrical potential is produced or varied upon the application of stress
- G01L1/22—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations in ohmic resistance of solid materials or of electrically-conductive fluids; by making use of electrokinetic cells, i.e. liquid-containing cells wherein an electrical potential is produced or varied upon the application of stress using resistance strain gauges
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/24—Earth materials
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Abstract
The invention discloses a bentonite two-way swelling force measuring instrument, which comprises a fixation bolt, lock nuts, a top cover, a load sensor, stand column screw rods, a toss cap, a press head, an upper piston rod, a pipe connector, a seal ring, an expansion bucket, a water-permeable pad, a heat insulation pad, a heating ring, a strain foil, a temperature sensor, a bentonite sample, a temperature compensation sheet, a lower piston rod, a locating pin, a base, support legs and a data acquisition system. Swelling deformation data is obtained through the data acquisition system, and axial and radial swelling force are measured. The method is safe and simple to operate, and can measure the swelling force of the bentonite sample under a seepage condition or under a thermal environment and seepage dual conditions; and through the high-precision load sensor and the data acquisition system, test process is integrated, and parameters of the axial swelling force and the radial swelling force of the bentonite sample can be accurately monitored or calculated, thereby ensuring very high test precision and result reliability, and providing scientific and reasonable reference for scientific research and engineering application.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of measuring instrument, particularly relate to a kind of bentonite two-way expansive force measuring instrument.
Background technology
It is a kind of natural minerals that bentonite has another name called, and the gross reserves of China occupies the second in the world.Bentonite mainly by
Montmorillonite is constituted, and content is typically more than 65%, and bentonite has special chemical composition and crystal structure,
Therefore it has many special performances such as dilatancy, good barrier properties, high adsorptivity.
In recent years, bentonite is splendid imbibition and waterproof, seepage control ability are increasingly valued by the people, just
Because the permeability that bentonite is extremely low and high adsorptivity, nuclear waste disposal becomes preferably buffering
Backfilling material major ingredient.Expansive force is the basic parameter evaluating bentonite inflated property, in view of the thing that bentonite is special
Reason mechanical characteristic and special engineer applied, in soil mechanics engineering practice, bentonitic swelling stress is tested
Experimental study is very important technical support.
Before utilizing bentonite, need bentonitic expansive force is measured, and then to bentonitic mechanics
Characteristic spread further investigation and analysis, and utilize the result of analysis to be applied to targetedly in engineering practice.State
The assay device of the interior bentonite inflated power of existing measurement, all utilizes in terms of bentonite inflated power test, all
There is respective feature.Such as three-dimensional swell-shrink instrument, the beam of uniform strength is used to measure expansive force, and by adjusting equal strength
The bolt on beam opposite, to correct the deformation of the beam of uniform strength, keeps volume of sample constant, thus measures expansive force.
But its water-filling method is inflexible, pressure head pressure is uneven；Lateral measurement apparatus sensitivity and accuracy are poor, by mistake
Difference is bigger.The most useful three high-pressure consolidation apparatus measure, and put into cutting ring sample in consolidation chamber, add and steam
Distilled water is totally submerged sample, when sample start imbibition scale pointer start to rotate time, be further applied load immediately
Limit sample expand and make indicator return to initial reading；Carry out the test of load classification, be spaced 24 hours readings not
Becoming, corresponding pressure is maximum swelling power.But this instrumentation is loaded down with trivial details, certainty of measurement is the highest manually takes number
According to, temperature control effect can not be realized.And for example expansive force and saturation multifunction test instrument, this instrument
Mainly it is made up of parts such as grade and includes osmotic swelling room, temperature control baking oven, GDS hydraulic pressure/fixing fabric structure device, data acquisition
Collection instrument and pressure-like mould, the tester of this invention achieves expansive force test and infiltration coefficient is test integrated.
But being placed on whole measurement apparatus in temperature control baking oven to affect for experimental provision and sensor can not ignore,
Impact experiment final data result, expanding radial force is the most specifically measured.
In height puts nuclear waste disposal, as buffering the bentonite of backfilling material all in heat-water-power-chemistry coupling
In the environment of cooperation, it is therefore desirable to consider that bentonitic expansive force is in heat-water-power-chemical Coupling factor effect
Under Changing Pattern.There are some researches show, bentonite transverse isotropy, needed to consider D-factor
Impact on expansive force.The apparatus and method of the bentonite inflated power of above-mentioned test, consider that temperature is made the most simultaneously
With with the directivity impact on bentonite character, therefore act on the most single, it is impossible to be applicable under hot environment
With the test job of bentonite inflated power under the conditions of consideration transverse isotropy.Therefore, the present invention considers
Above-mentioned various deficiency, it is provided that a kind of assay device, can be on considering that temperature, directional conditions affect simultaneously
Under bentonitic expansive force carry out measurement and research.Axially utilize by freely regulating pressure head, make sample solid
It is scheduled on assay device, it is to avoid with the baking oven for heating impact on pressure transducer, by heating ring to sample institute
Carrying out at place concentrating heating, water filling simultaneously makes sample expand, and axial expansion power is passed to pressure sensing by pressure head
Device；And for the mensuration of expanding radial force, according to the mode of pre-sample preparation, it is impossible to ensure bentonite sample with
Device inwall fits tightly, thus affects result of the test；If directly carrying out sample preparation on this assay device,
Compensate for sample and can not fit tightly this deficiency with device inwall, but sensor can not be placed in device set
Cylinder inwall, although can by boring by the way of sensor is placed in sleeve lining, but can only measured area relatively
Little expansive force, it is impossible to reflection overall condition, and the most bad control of range size of pressure transducer.Therefore
And combine above not enough, device improvement is placed foil gauge at dress sample sleeve outer wall and is monitored expanding radial force.
The measurement of bentonite expansive force under the influence of heat effect and directivity factor is carried out with this device for platform, point
Analysis bentonite expansion characteristics of different directions under heat effect, can be used to instruct bentonite engineering design, for
Site operation provides technical support.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is that provides a kind of two-way expansive force of bentonite to measure to solve the problems referred to above
Instrument.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions above-mentioned purpose:
The present invention include fixing bolt, locking nut, top cover, load transducer, column screw rod, throw cap,
Pressure head, upper piston rod, pipe joint, sealing ring, expansion bucket, permeable pad, heat insulating mattress, heating ring, strain
Sheet, temperature sensor, bentonite sample, temperature-compensating sheet, lower piston rod, alignment pin, base, spike,
Data collecting system, is connected with the alignment pin on base with the lower piston rod of described pipe joint, upper piston rod
Placing permeable pad with lower piston rod end and put sealing ring, the expansion casing equipped with described bentonite sample exists
On piston rod, expand bucket and put heating ring the most respectively, above bentonite sample, place permeable pad and heat insulation
Pad, the pressure head with described pipe joint and described sealing ring is placed on permeable pad, and load transducer is with solid
Surely it is bolted on top cover, top cover through the four root post screw rods being fixed on base, tightens fixing spiral shell
Bolt, makes load transducer be placed on pressure head, and pressure head and load transducer connect by throwing cap, put locking
Top cover is fixed on base by nut, and regulation pressure head makes it be in close contact with upper piston rod, and load transducer leads to
Cross wire to be connected with data collecting system, expand and be placed with foil gauge on bucket outer wall and connect with data collecting system
Connect.
Tighten bentonite sample is applied precompression it is further described that top cover rotates with fixing bolt, limit
The vertical displacement of pressure head and the axial deformation of bentonite sample；Load transducer is connected with data collecting system,
The axial expansion of bentonite sample after utilizing the software measurement in acquisition system and monitoring preload pressure and expanding
Power.Upper tube joint connected water outlet pipe in device, side, bottom band valved tube joint connected water outlet pipe, bottom is another
Side pipe joint taps into water pipe；With gas in discharge expansion bucket, carry out bentonite inflated power test experiments.Set
Expand the heating ring of bucket upper and lower, expand bucket and the heating of bentonite sample for giving.
It is arranged on pressure head and the sealing ring outside piston rod, is in close contact with expanding bucket, thus play anti-blending
Keep the effect of sample pressure.
It is respectively fitted over the heating ring expanding bucket upper and lower, for indirectly heating to sample, to carry out hot ring
Bentonite inflated power test under border.
It is positioned at four foil gauges expanding the outer surrounding of bucket and the temperature-compensating sheet expanded outside bucket, by wire and number
Connect according to acquisition system, for measuring the hoop strain expanding bucket caused after bentonite sample expands.Pass through
Observed and recorded foil gauge and the change of the resistance value of temperature-compensating sheet, i.e. may utilize increased resistance value with corresponding
Computing formula obtains each self-corresponding strain value, foil gauge the resistance value drawn draws with temperature-compensating sheet
The annular strain of the expansion bucket that the most bentonite inflated power of difference of resistance value causes, i.e. bentonite sample hoop strain,
Recycling thick-cylinder theory formula asks for the two-way expansive force of bentonite.
According to thick cyclinder principle of elasticity, utilize the circumferential deformation ε measured outside steel mouldθ, permissible
Calculating the radial stress acting on sample sidewall, its concrete computing formula is as follows:
In formula: KdFor the dynamic sensitivity of foil gauge, RgFor foil gauge resistance, RcMark for deformeter
Determine resistance, Δ UcFor nominal voltage value, Δ UgFor recording impulse waveform sample values, a, b, E1、v1For thickness
The Young's modulus of wall barrel bore, external diameter and bush material and Poisson's ratio, P1For acting on the pressure on inwall,
All use iu.
The beneficial effects of the present invention is:
The present invention is a kind of bentonite two-way expansive force measuring instrument, compared with prior art, the present invention have as
Lower advantage:
1) bentonite inflated power under the conditions of seepage effect and thermal environment can be measured, it is also possible to individually study seepage flow
Bentonite inflated power under effect, the scope of application is wide, and function is bigger；
2) utilize high-precision load transducer and data collection station that bentonite sample axial expansion power is entered
Row intelligent measure and monitoring, substantially increase the success rate of bentonite inflated power experiment with measuring；
3) High Precise Data Acquisition System is utilized bentonite sample hoop strain to be measured, according to relevant public affairs
Formula calculates hoop strain and expanding radial force, substantially increases the success rate of bentonite inflated power experiment with measuring
And data precision；
4) plant automation degree is higher, and DATA REASONING and monitoring are realized by electronic machine, more convenient to operate
Fast.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the overall structure schematic diagram of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is part A partial enlarged drawing in Fig. 1 of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the external structure schematic diagram of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is the interior part-structure schematic diagram of the present invention.
In figure: (1) fixes bolt；(2) locking nut；(3) top cover；(4) load transducer；(5)
Column screw rod；(6) cap is thrown；(7) pressure head；(8) upper piston rod；(9) pipe joint；(10) sealing ring；
(11) bucket is expanded；(12) permeable pad；(13) heat insulating mattress；(14) heating ring；(15) foil gauge；(16)
Temperature sensor；(17) bentonite sample；(18) temperature-compensating sheet；(19) lower piston rod；(20) fixed
Position pin；(21) base；(22) spike；(23) data collecting system.
Detailed description of the invention
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:
As shown in Figures 1 to 4: include fixing bolt (1), locking nut (2), top cover (3), load
Sensor (4), column screw rod (5), throw cap (6), pressure head (7), upper piston rod (8), pipe joint (9),
Sealing ring (10), expansion bucket (11), permeable pad (12), heat insulating mattress (13), heating ring (14), strain
Sheet (15), temperature sensor (16), bentonite sample (17), temperature-compensating sheet (18), lower piston rod
(19), alignment pin (20), base (21), spike (22), data collecting system (23), with described
The lower piston rod (19) of pipe joint (9) is connected with the alignment pin (20) on base (21), upper piston rod
(8) place permeable pad (12) with lower piston rod (19) end and put sealing ring (10), equipped with described
The expansion bucket (11) of bentonite sample (17) overlaps on the piston rod, expands bucket (11) and puts the most respectively
Heating ring (14), places permeable pad (12) and heat insulating mattress (13), band in bentonite sample (17) top
The pressure head (7) having described pipe joint (9) and described sealing ring (10) is placed on permeable pad (12),
Load transducer (4) is bolted on top cover (3) with fixing, top cover (3) through being fixed on base
(21) four root post screw rods (5) on, tighten fixing bolt (1), make load transducer (4) be placed in pressure
On head (7), pressure head (7) and load transducer (4) connect by throwing cap (6), put locking screw
Top cover (3) is fixed on base (21) by female (2), and regulation pressure head (7) makes itself and upper piston rod (8)
Being in close contact, load transducer (4) is connected with data collecting system (23) by wire, expands bucket (11)
It is placed with foil gauge (15) on outer wall and is connected with data collecting system (23).Top cover (3) is with fixing spiral shell
Bolt (1) rotates to be tightened bentonite sample (17) is applied precompression, limits the vertical position of pressure head (7)
Move and the axial deformation of bentonite sample (17).Upper tube joint (9) connected water outlet pipe in device, bottom
Side band valved tube joint (9) connected water outlet pipe, bottom opposite side pipe joint (9) taps into water pipe.It is enclosed within swollen
The heating ring (14) of swollen bucket (11) upper and lower, expands bucket (11) and bentonite sample (17) for giving
Heating.
The present invention is used to carry out mainly comprising the following steps of bentonite inflated power experiment with measuring:
Sample preparation: bucket (11) will be expanded and be positioned on the hydraulic means chassis being specifically designed to sample preparation, spiral shell will be customized
Silk is screwed in temperature sensor (16) hole, and appropriate bentonite sample (17) is uniformly put into expansion bucket (11)
In, uniform by stirring rod agitation as appropriate, then with the seaming chuck of hydraulic means, bentonite sample (17) is carried out
Pressurization compacting, makes the uniform sample of required degree of compaction, takes off expansion bucket (11) after completing sample preparation.
Install: the lower piston rod (19) of band pipe joint (9) and alignment pin (20) phase on base (21)
Even, permeable pad (12) is placed, in upper piston rod (8) at upper piston rod (8) and lower piston rod (19) end
With put sealing ring (10) on lower piston rod (19) respectively.The expansion bucket (11) of band bentonite sample (17)
It is enclosed within upper and lower piston rod, expands bucket (11) and put heating ring (14) the most respectively.Band pipe joint (9)
It is placed on heat insulating mattress (13) with the pressure head (7) of sealing ring (10).Load transducer (4) is with solid
Surely it is bolted on top cover (3), top cover (3) through being fixed on four root posts on base (21)
Screw rod (5), tightens fixing bolt (1), makes load transducer (4) be placed in and throws on cap (6), and passes through
Throw cap (6) regulation pressure head (7), make pressure head (7) be in close contact with upper piston rod (8), put locking screw
Top cover (3) is fixed on base (21) by female (2).Top cover (3) rotates with locking nut (2) twists
Tightly bentonite to be applied certain precompression, and it is connected admittedly with base (21) with by column screw rod (5)
Fixed.Load transducer (4) is connected with data collecting system (23).Place on bucket (11) outer wall expanding
Foil gauge (15) is also connected with data collecting system (23).Temperature sensor is inserted and expands bucket (11)
In temperature sensor (16) hole on outer wall.Upper tube joint (9) connected water outlet pipe in device, bottom one
The pipe joint (9) of side taps into water pipe, pipe joint (9) connected water outlet pipe of opposite side band valve.
Water filling: open the valve on the pipe joint (9) of base (21) side, by opposite side pipe joint (9)
Connect water inlet pipe, be passed through a small amount of clear water or chemical solution (when bentonite inflated power is affected by research chemical action
Inject), gas upper and lower for permeable for bottom pad (12) is discharged, treats that water is totally submerged the permeable pad in bottom (12),
Close valve；Continue from opposite side pipe joint (9) water filling, until bentonite sample (17) and permeable pad (9)
It is totally submerged, keeps water flowing.
Heating: utilize heating ring (14) heating, utilizes temperature sensor (16) to control temperature, will expand
Bucket (11) is heated to the temperature set.
Carrying out test: under water and temperature conditions, bentonite sample (17) slowly expands and is deformed into change
After shape is stable, measures the hoop of expansion bucket (11) at a temperature of certain setting by data acquisition system (23) and answer
Become, and calculate bentonite sample (17) axially and radially expansive force according to relevant formula, and carry out data note
Record.Axial and the expanded radially of bentonite sample (17) under survey calculation different temperatures in the same manner
Power.
Stop test: after off-test, place the device in certain time at shady and cool ventilation, to heating ring (14)
Carry out Temperature fall process with expanding bucket (11), stop water filling, then provision for disengagement, take out bentonite examination
Sample (17).
The ultimate principle of the present invention and principal character and advantages of the present invention have more than been shown and described.The industry
Skilled person will appreciate that, the present invention is not restricted to the described embodiments, in above-described embodiment and description
The principle that the present invention is simply described described, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention
Also having various changes and modifications, these changes and improvements both fall within scope of the claimed invention.This
The claimed scope of invention is defined by appending claims and equivalent thereof.
Claims (4)
1. a bentonite two-way expansive force measuring instrument, it is characterised in that: include fixing bolt (1), locking
Nut (2), top cover (3), load transducer (4), column screw rod (5), throw cap (6), pressure head (7),
Upper piston rod (8), pipe joint (9), sealing ring (10), expand bucket (11), permeable pad (12), heat insulation
Pad (13), heating ring (14), foil gauge (15), temperature sensor (16), bentonite sample (17),
Temperature-compensating sheet (18), lower piston rod (19), alignment pin (20), base (21), spike (22), number
According to acquisition system (23), with described pipe joint (9) lower piston rod (19) with on base (21)
Alignment pin (20) connect, upper piston rod (8) and lower piston rod (19) end placement permeable pad (12) and
Putting sealing ring (10), the expansion bucket (11) equipped with described bentonite sample (17) overlaps on the piston rod,
Expand bucket (11) and put heating ring (14) the most respectively, place permeable pad in bentonite sample (17) top
(12) and heat insulating mattress (13), with the pressure head (7) of described pipe joint (9) and described sealing ring (10)
Being placed on permeable pad (12), load transducer (4) is bolted on top cover (3) with fixing,
Top cover (3) through the four root post screw rods (5) being fixed on base (21), tighten fixing bolt (1),
Making load transducer (4) be placed on pressure head (7), pressure head (7) and load transducer (4) are by throwing
Cap (6) connects, and top cover (3) is fixed on base (21) by set upper locking nut (2), regulates pressure head
(7) making it be in close contact with upper piston rod (8), load transducer (4) is by wire and data acquisition system
System (23) is connected, expand be placed with on bucket (11) outer wall foil gauge (15) and with data collecting system (23)
Connect.
A kind of bentonite sample two-way expansive force measuring instrument the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
Top cover (3) rotates with fixing bolt (1) to be tightened bentonite sample (17) is applied precompression, limits
The vertical displacement of pressure head (7) and the axial deformation of bentonite sample (17).
A kind of bentonite sample two-way expansive force measuring instrument the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
Upper tube joint (9) connected water outlet pipe in device, side, bottom band valved tube joint (9) connected water outlet pipe,
Bottom opposite side pipe joint (9) taps into water pipe.
A kind of bentonite sample two-way expansive force measuring instrument the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
It is enclosed within the heating ring (14) expanding bucket (11) upper and lower, expands bucket (11) and bentonite examination for giving
Sample (17) heats.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610266150.6A CN105928643B (en) | 2016-04-26 | 2016-04-26 | The two-way expansion force measuring instrument of bentonite |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610266150.6A CN105928643B (en) | 2016-04-26 | 2016-04-26 | The two-way expansion force measuring instrument of bentonite |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN105928643A true CN105928643A (en) | 2016-09-07 |
| CN105928643B CN105928643B (en) | 2018-06-29 |
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| CN201610266150.6A Expired - Fee Related CN105928643B (en) | 2016-04-26 | 2016-04-26 | The two-way expansion force measuring instrument of bentonite |
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