CN111982699A - Unsaturated soil compression characteristic and permeability characteristic test device - Google Patents
Unsaturated soil compression characteristic and permeability characteristic test device Download PDFInfo
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- CN111982699A CN111982699A CN202010902156.4A CN202010902156A CN111982699A CN 111982699 A CN111982699 A CN 111982699A CN 202010902156 A CN202010902156 A CN 202010902156A CN 111982699 A CN111982699 A CN 111982699A
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 192
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 80
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 68
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 68
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 134
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000012669 compression test Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920002545 silicone oil Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 18
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003487 anti-permeability effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/08—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces
- G01N3/10—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady tensile or compressive forces generated by pneumatic or hydraulic pressure
- G01N3/12—Pressure testing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
- G01N15/082—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample
- G01N15/0826—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample and measuring fluid flow rate, i.e. permeation rate or pressure change
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/003—Generation of the force
- G01N2203/0042—Pneumatic or hydraulic means
- G01N2203/0048—Hydraulic means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0058—Kind of property studied
- G01N2203/0076—Hardness, compressibility or resistance to crushing
- G01N2203/0085—Compressibility
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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- G01N2203/0222—Temperature
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
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- G01N2203/067—Parameter measured for estimating the property
- G01N2203/0676—Force, weight, load, energy, speed or acceleration
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
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Abstract
A unsaturated soil compression characteristic and permeability test device mainly comprises: metal permeable stones are placed on the upper surface and the lower surface of the soil sample in the cutting ring, the lower end of the suction meter is embedded into the metal permeable stones, the bottom end of the exhaust pipe is in contact with the upper surface of the soil sample, and the top end of the exhaust pipe is connected with the air collector; the pressure gauge at the upper part of the load frame is connected to the piston through a steel ball and a shaft force connecting rod in sequence, and the LVDT linear displacement sensor is arranged at the lower part of the soil sample; one end of the glass tube is connected with the metal permeable stone below the soil sample, one ends of the water injection tube and the water discharge tube penetrate through the top cap and enter the soil sample chamber unit, and the other end of the water discharge tube is connected with the measuring cylinder; the output joint and the input joint of the temperature controller are both connected with a spiral pipe filled with silicon oil through a pipeline; and four joints of the data acquisition unit are respectively connected with the pressure gauge, the suction meter, the air collector and the LVDT linear displacement sensor. The method is suitable for researching the compression characteristics of unsaturated soil at different environmental temperatures and different loads and the permeability of a soil sample under the pressure.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a geotechnical test instrument, in particular to a performance test device for unsaturated soil.
Background
Unsaturated soil refers to soil in which the pores in the soil are not completely filled with water, but are filled with air and water together; that is, unsaturated soil is a soil body composed of three phases of solid phase (soil particles), liquid phase (soil water) and gas phase (gas contained in soil). Unsaturated soils, due to the presence of gas in the pores of the soil particles, are more easily compressed (settled) than saturated soils, the pores of which are completely filled with water. Most of foundations or roadbeds in civil engineering are unsaturated soil, and in the anti-settlement design, construction and maintenance of civil engineering, the compression characteristic of the unsaturated soil must be obtained to ensure that the compression or settlement is within a safety limit. Meanwhile, in order to make the constructed project have good drainage and water resistance (permeation resistance) under the action of rainwater and underground water, the permeation characteristic of unsaturated soil in the foundation or the road bed must be obtained.
The existing unsaturated soil compression characteristic and permeability test can only use a compression test device and a permeability test device to respectively test the compression characteristic and the permeability of the unsaturated soil. There are problems in that: (1) two sets of equipment are required to be used for respective testing, the testing cost is high, and the operation is complicated. (2) The tested soil samples are two, or one soil sample is firstly subjected to compression test and then transferred to a penetration test device for penetration test; if two soil samples, it is difficult to guarantee that the characteristics such as the compactness of two soil samples are completely consistent, and the result is that the test error is large. If a soil sample is subjected to a compression test firstly, the pressure load borne by the soil sample disappears when the soil sample is taken out, the soil sample can rebound, the characteristics such as compactness and the like of the soil sample are changed, the tested permeability characteristics are not the permeability characteristics under the characteristics such as the same compactness and the like, the error of the test data is large, the reliability is low, and the reliable test data cannot be provided for the anti-settling and anti-permeability design of a foundation or a roadbed. (3) When the compression characteristic and the permeability characteristic are measured, the existing compression testing device and the existing permeability testing device cannot synchronously measure the suction force (acting force of a liquid phase and a solid phase) of unsaturated soil, cannot obtain the change of the suction force in the compression and permeability processes, and further cannot explore the relevant mechanism of the compression and permeability of the soil sample.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a device for testing the compression characteristic and the permeability characteristic of unsaturated soil, which can be used for measuring the compression characteristic and the permeability characteristic of the same soil sample in situ under the condition of keeping the pressure unchanged; the test cost is low, the operation is simple and convenient, the test error is small, and the reliability is high; the method can provide more reliable test basis for the anti-settlement and anti-permeation design of the foundation or the roadbed; meanwhile, the change of the suction force of unsaturated soil in the compression and permeation processes can be synchronously measured, and more test basis is provided for researching the relevant mechanism of the compression and permeation of the soil sample.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for realizing the first development is that the unsaturated soil compression characteristic and permeability characteristic test device is composed of a soil sample chamber unit, a loading unit, a water-gas unit and a data acquisition unit, and is characterized in that:
the loading unit has the structure that:
a jacking mechanism is arranged in the base platform, a jacking rod of the jacking mechanism upwards penetrates through the base platform to be connected with the soil sample base, and an LVDT displacement sensor is connected on the jacking rod in series; upright rods are fixed on two sides of the base platform, a transverse counter-force beam is connected between the tops of the upright rods, and the middle part of the counter-force beam is in contact with the upper end of the dowel bar sequentially through a connecting rod and a pressure gauge; the lower end of the dowel bar passes through the middle through hole of the top cover and is connected with the top of the pressurizing piston;
the soil sample chamber unit has the following structure:
a cutting ring is arranged on the soil sample base, and a lower metal permeable stone, a lower filter paper, an unsaturated soil sample, an upper filter paper and an upper metal permeable stone are sequentially arranged in the cutting ring from bottom to top; a top cover is covered on the top of the cutting ring, a circular groove with the diameter the same as the inner diameter of the cutting ring is arranged on the bottom surface of the top cover, and the inner wall of the cutting ring is aligned with the wall of the groove of the top cover; the top cover is also fixed on the soil sample base through vertical screws on two sides; annular rubber sealing gaskets are arranged between the bottom of the cutting ring wall and the soil sample base and between the top of the cutting ring wall and the top cover;
the pressurizing piston is sleeved on the upper part of the cutting ring in an inner mode, the bottom surface of the pressurizing piston is in contact with the upper metal permeable stone, and the top surface of the pressurizing piston is flush with the top surface of the cutting ring; the middle part of the pressurizing piston is provided with a middle through hole, a suction gauge is arranged in the middle through hole, and the lower end of the suction gauge penetrates through the upper metal permeable stone to be contacted with the upper filter paper;
the structure of the water gas unit is as follows:
the inner end of the exhaust pipe penetrates through the top cover, the pressurizing piston and the upper metal permeable stone to be contacted with the upper filter paper, an exhaust valve is arranged on the exhaust pipe, the outer end of the exhaust pipe is connected with an air collector, and a gas flowmeter and a gas flow rate meter are arranged on the air collector;
the inner end of the water drainage pipe penetrates through the top cover and the pressurizing piston to be in contact with the upper surface of the upper metal permeable stone, the outer end of the water drainage pipe is positioned above the measuring cylinder, and a water drainage valve is arranged on the water drainage pipe; the inner end of the transparent water inlet pipe penetrates through the soil sample base to be contacted with the lower surface of the lower metal permeable stone, a water inlet valve is arranged on the water inlet pipe, and the water injection end of the water inlet pipe (305) is higher than the water discharge pipe;
the data acquisition unit comprises the following components:
the data acquisition unit is electrically connected with the gas flowmeter, the gas flow rate meter, the pressure gauge, the suction gauge and the LVDT displacement sensor.
The second purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for testing the compression and permeability characteristics of unsaturated soil by using the above unsaturated soil compression and permeability testing apparatus, which can quickly and conveniently test the compression and permeability characteristics of unsaturated soil in situ on the same soil sample, and can also synchronously test the change of the suction force of unsaturated soil in the compression and permeability processes.
The second object of the present invention is achieved by a method for testing the compression characteristics and permeability characteristics of unsaturated soil using the unsaturated soil compression characteristics and permeability characteristics testing apparatus according to claim 1, comprising the steps of:
A. and (3) testing the compression characteristic:
closing the water inlet valve and the water discharge valve, and opening the exhaust valve; starting the jacking mechanism, jacking a soil sample base upwards by a jacking rod of the jacking mechanism according to a set jacking force, wherein the lower surface of the unsaturated soil sample is subjected to an upward extrusion force, and the upper surface of the unsaturated soil sample is subjected to an equal constraint force of a pressurizing piston so as to be compressed; the gas exhausted by the compressed unsaturated soil sample enters an air collector through an exhaust pipe;
the data acquisition unit synchronously acquires and records data of a gas flowmeter, a gas flow rate meter, a pressure meter, a suction meter and an LVDT displacement sensor on the air collector; when the data of the gas flow meter is stabilized to be 0, ending the compression test; keeping the jacking force of the jacking mechanism unchanged, and obtaining the compression characteristic of the unsaturated soil sample according to the data collected by the data collector;
B. and (3) testing the permeability characteristic:
after the compression test is finished, closing the exhaust valve, opening the water inlet valve and the water discharge valve, and injecting water into the unsaturated soil sample through the water inlet pipe; when water is drained from the drain pipe, the unsaturated soil sample enters a saturated state; adding water into the water inlet pipe to make the liquid level of the water inlet pipe higher than the highest position of the water discharge pipe, and recording the height difference between the liquid level of the water inlet pipe and the highest position of the water discharge pipe at the moment as an initial height h1(ii) a After the set time t, the height difference between the liquid level of the water inlet pipe and the highest position of the water discharge pipe is measured and recorded, and the height difference is recorded as the final height h2(ii) a Finally, according to the instantaneous Darcy's law, the permeability coefficient k of the unsaturated soil sample can be calculated,
wherein a is the sectional area of the inner cavity of the water inlet pipe, L is the height of the unsaturated soil sample after the compression test is finished, and A is the transverse section of the unsaturated soil sampleArea, lg (·) represents a logarithmic operation;
in the penetration test process, the data acquisition unit also dynamically acquires the data of the suction meter in real time to obtain the change data of the suction in the penetration process;
C. and (5) replacing the unsaturated soil sample, adjusting the jacking force of the jacking mechanism, and repeating the operation of the step A, B to obtain the compression characteristic and the permeability characteristic of the unsaturated soil sample under different soil samples and different pressures.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the device is skillfully combined on a soil sample chamber unit, and integrates the structures of a compression test and a penetration test; only one soil sample is needed to be manufactured, and after the compression test is completed, the penetration test of the soil sample is completed in situ in the same device under the condition that the position of the soil sample is not moved and the pressure is not changed; one device and one continuous test are carried out, and the compression characteristic and the permeability characteristic are sequentially measured in situ. Preparing two samples, respectively placing the samples into a compression device and a penetration device, and respectively carrying out a compression test and a penetration test, or taking out the compressed soil sample, and then additionally placing the soil sample into the penetration device for the penetration test; the invention greatly reduces the test cost and has simple and convenient operation.
In the prior art, two soil samples are respectively subjected to a compression test and a penetration test, so that the consistency of the characteristics of the two soil samples such as compactness and the like is difficult to ensure; the method comprises the following steps of firstly carrying out compression test on a soil sample, then taking out the soil sample, transferring the soil sample to a penetration test device for penetration test, wherein the soil sample is taken out and the pressure disappears, so that the soil sample can rebound, and the characteristics of the soil sample such as compactness and the like can also change; will result in large errors in the penetration test. After the compression test is finished, the penetration test of the soil sample is finished in situ under the conditions that the same soil sample in the same device is fixed in position and the pressure is not changed, so that the soil samples and the pressures of the penetration test and the compression test are completely consistent; the measured test data has small error and high reliability, and can provide more reliable test basis for the anti-settlement and anti-infiltration design of the foundation or the roadbed; thereby the safety of the roadbed and the foundation can be better ensured.
Thirdly, the suction meter main body is positioned in the through hole in the middle of the pressurizing piston, and the jacking force of the jacking mechanism cannot directly act on the suction meter, so that the suction meter is prevented from being extruded and damaged by the jacking force; meanwhile, the end of the suction meter penetrates through the upper metal permeable stone and is in contact with the upper surface of the soil sample through the flexible upper filter paper, and the unsaturated soil suction force (acting force of a liquid phase and a solid phase) can be well detected. Therefore, when the compression characteristic and the permeability characteristic are tested, the change of the suction force in the compression and permeation processes can be synchronously tested, and more complete test data are provided for researching the relevant mechanism of the compression and permeation of the soil sample.
Further, the unsaturated soil compression characteristic and permeability characteristic test device is also provided with a temperature control unit, and the specific structure of the temperature control unit is as follows:
the periphery of the cutting ring is wrapped with a spiral pipe, and the periphery of the spiral pipe is wrapped with a heat-insulating layer; two ends of the spiral pipe are respectively connected with a silicone oil outlet end and a silicone oil return end of the liquid temperature control box.
Furthermore, the test method for testing the compression characteristic and the permeability characteristic of the unsaturated soil by using the unsaturated soil compression characteristic and permeability characteristic test device of the invention comprises the following steps:
A. and (3) testing the compression characteristic:
opening a liquid temperature control box, and setting the temperature control temperature to be a set temperature fixed value or a set sine-change temperature; closing the water inlet valve and the water discharge valve, and opening the exhaust valve; starting the jacking mechanism, jacking a soil sample base upwards by a jacking rod of the jacking mechanism according to a set jacking force, wherein the lower surface of the unsaturated soil sample is subjected to an upward extrusion force, and the upper surface of the unsaturated soil sample is subjected to an equal constraint force of a pressurizing piston so as to be compressed; the gas exhausted by the compressed unsaturated soil sample enters an air collector through an exhaust pipe;
the data acquisition unit synchronously acquires and records data of a gas flowmeter, a gas flow rate meter, a pressure meter, a suction meter and an LVDT displacement sensor on the air collector; when the data of the gas flow meter is stabilized to be 0, ending the compression test; obtaining the compression characteristic of the unsaturated soil sample under the set temperature condition according to the data acquired by the data acquisition unit;
B. and (3) testing the permeability characteristic:
after the compression test is finished, maintaining the jacking force of the jacking mechanism and the working state of the liquid temperature control box, closing the exhaust valve, opening the water inlet valve and the water discharge valve, and injecting water into the unsaturated soil sample through the water inlet pipe; when water is drained from the drain pipe, the unsaturated soil sample enters a saturated state; adding water into the water inlet pipe to make the liquid level of the water inlet pipe higher than the highest position of the water discharge pipe, and recording the height difference between the liquid level of the water inlet pipe and the highest position of the water discharge pipe at the moment as an initial height h1(ii) a After the set time t, the height difference between the liquid level of the water inlet pipe and the highest position of the water discharge pipe is measured and recorded, and the height difference is recorded as the final height h2(ii) a And calculating the permeability coefficient k of the unsaturated soil sample under the set temperature condition according to the instantaneous Darcy's law,
wherein a is the sectional area of the inner cavity of the water inlet pipe, L is the height of the unsaturated soil sample after the compression test is finished, A is the transverse sectional area of the unsaturated soil sample, and lg (·) represents logarithmic operation;
in the penetration test process, the data acquisition unit also dynamically acquires the data of the suction meter in real time to obtain the change data of the suction force in the penetration process under the set temperature condition;
C. replacing the unsaturated soil sample, and changing the jacking force of the jacking mechanism and the temperature control setting of the liquid temperature control box; and repeating the operation of the step A, B to obtain the compression characteristic and the permeability characteristic of the unsaturated soil sample under different soil samples, different pressures and different temperatures.
Therefore, the temperature of the unsaturated soil sample is controlled to be a preset temperature fixed value or a set temperature changing in a sine rule through the liquid temperature control box, so that the relation between the temperature of the unsaturated soil sample and the compression and permeability characteristics of the unsaturated soil sample is obtained, and the influence of the temperature changing in the sine rule in 24 hours a day and four seasons in different areas on the compression and permeability characteristics of the unsaturated soil can be simulated; further, a more reliable and more comprehensive test basis is provided for the anti-sedimentation and anti-permeation design of the foundation or the roadbed in areas with different temperatures and different temperature change rules; thereby the safety of the roadbed and the foundation can be better ensured. And provides more and more complete test data for the research of the compression and infiltration related mechanism of unsaturated soil.
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a test apparatus according to embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of a test apparatus in embodiment 2 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Example 1
Fig. 1 shows that, according to an embodiment of the present invention, an unsaturated soil compression characteristic and permeability characteristic testing apparatus is composed of a soil sample chamber unit, a loading unit, a water vapor unit and a data acquisition unit, and is characterized in that:
the loading unit has the structure that:
a jacking mechanism 102 is arranged in the base platform 101, a jacking rod 102a of the jacking mechanism 102 upwards penetrates through the base platform 101 to be connected with the soil sample base 203, and an LVDT displacement sensor 102b is connected on the jacking rod 102a in series; upright posts 103 are fixed on two sides of the base platform 101, a transverse reaction beam 104 is connected between the tops of the upright posts 103, and the middle part of the reaction beam 104 is in contact with the upper end of a dowel bar 107 sequentially through a connecting rod 105 and a pressure gauge 106; the lower end of the dowel bar 107 passes through a through hole in the middle of the top cover 201 and is connected with the top of the pressurizing piston 108;
the soil sample chamber unit has the following structure:
a cutting ring 204 is arranged on the soil sample base 203, and a lower metal permeable stone 205a, a lower filter paper 206a, an unsaturated soil sample 207, an upper filter paper 206b and an upper metal permeable stone 205b are sequentially arranged in the cutting ring 204 from bottom to top; the top of the cutting ring 204 is covered with a top cover 201, the bottom surface of the top cover 201 is provided with a circular groove with the diameter the same as the inner diameter of the cutting ring 204, and the inner wall of the cutting ring 204 is aligned with the wall of the groove of the top cover 201; the top cover 201 is further fixed on a soil sample base 203 through vertical screws 202 on two sides; annular rubber sealing gaskets 209 are arranged between the bottom of the wall of the cutting ring 204 and the soil sample base 203 and between the top of the wall of the cutting ring 204 and the top cover 201;
the pressurizing piston 108 is sleeved in the upper part of the cutting ring 204, the bottom surface of the pressurizing piston is contacted with the upper metal permeable stone 205b, and the top surface of the pressurizing piston is flush with the top surface of the cutting ring 204; the middle part of the pressurizing piston 108 is provided with a middle through hole, a suction gauge 208 is arranged in the middle through hole, and the lower end of the suction gauge 208 penetrates through the upper metal permeable stone 205b to be contacted with the upper filter paper 206 b;
the structure of the water gas unit is as follows:
the inner end of the exhaust pipe 301 penetrates through the top cover 201, the pressurizing piston 108 and the upper metal permeable stone 205b to be in contact with the upper filter paper 206b, an exhaust valve 301a is arranged on the exhaust pipe 301, the outer end of the exhaust pipe 301 is connected with an air collector 302, and a gas flowmeter 302a and a gas flow rate meter 302b are arranged on the air collector 302;
the inner end of the drain pipe 303 passes through the top cover 201 and the pressurizing piston 108 to be in contact with the upper surface of the upper metal permeable stone 205b, the outer end of the drain pipe 303 is positioned above the measuring cylinder 304, and a drain valve 303a is arranged on the drain pipe 303; the inner end of the transparent water inlet pipe 305 penetrates through the soil sample base 203 to be in contact with the lower surface of the lower metal permeable stone 205a, a water inlet valve 305a is arranged on the water inlet pipe 305, and the water injection end of the water inlet pipe 305 is higher than the water discharge pipe 303;
the data acquisition unit comprises the following components:
the data collector 501 is electrically connected to the gas flow meter 302a, the gas flow rate meter 302b, the pressure gauge 106, the suction gauge 108 and the LVDT displacement transducer 102 b.
The test method for testing the compression characteristic and the permeability characteristic of the unsaturated soil by using the unsaturated soil compression characteristic and permeability characteristic test device of the embodiment comprises the following steps:
A. and (3) testing the compression characteristic:
closing the water inlet valve 305a and the water discharge valve 303a, and opening the gas discharge valve 301 a; starting the jacking mechanism 102, jacking a soil sample base 203 upwards by a jacking rod 102a of the jacking mechanism 102 according to a set jacking force, wherein the lower surface of the unsaturated soil sample 207 is subjected to an upward extrusion force, and the upper surface of the unsaturated soil sample 207 is subjected to an equal constraint force of the pressurizing piston 108 so as to be compressed; the gas exhausted by the unsaturated soil sample 207 due to compression enters an air collector 302 through an exhaust pipe 301;
the data acquisition unit 501 synchronously acquires and records data of the gas flow meter 302a, the gas flow rate meter 302b, the pressure gauge 106, the suction gauge 108 and the LVDT displacement sensors on the air collector 302; when the data of the gas flow rate meter 302b is stabilized to 0, the compression test is ended; obtaining the compression characteristic of the unsaturated soil sample 207 according to the data acquired by the data acquisition device 501;
B. and (3) testing the permeability characteristic:
after the compression test is finished, keeping the jacking force of the jacking mechanism 102 unchanged, closing the exhaust valve 301a, opening the water inlet valve 305a and the water discharge valve 303a, and injecting water into the unsaturated soil sample 207 through the water inlet pipe 301; when the water is discharged from the water discharge pipe 303, the unsaturated soil sample 207 enters a saturated state; at this time, water is added to the water inlet pipe 305, so that the liquid level of the water inlet pipe 305 is higher than the highest position of the water outlet pipe 303, and the height difference between the liquid level of the water inlet pipe 305 and the highest position of the water outlet pipe 303 is recorded and recorded as the initial height h1(ii) a After the set time t, the height difference between the liquid level of the water inlet pipe 305 and the highest position of the water outlet pipe 303 is measured and recorded, and is recorded as the final height h2(ii) a Finally, according to the instantaneous Darcy's law, the permeability coefficient k of the unsaturated soil sample 207 can be calculated,
wherein a is the sectional area of the inner cavity of the water inlet pipe 305, L is the height of the unsaturated soil sample 207 after the compression test is finished, A is the transverse sectional area of the unsaturated soil sample 207, and lg (·) represents logarithmic operation;
in the permeation test process, the data acquisition unit 501 also dynamically acquires the data of the suction meter 108 in real time to obtain the change data of the suction force in the permeation process;
C. and (5) replacing the unsaturated soil sample 207, adjusting the jacking force of the jacking mechanism 102, and repeating the operation of the step A, B to obtain the compression characteristic and the permeability characteristic of the unsaturated soil sample 207 under different soil samples and different pressures.
Example 2
The unsaturated soil compression and permeability test apparatus of this example is substantially the same as that of example 1 except that: still be equipped with temperature control unit, temperature control unit's concrete structure do:
the periphery of the cutting ring 204 is wrapped with a spiral pipe 401, and the periphery of the spiral pipe 401 is wrapped with an insulating layer 403; two ends of the spiral pipe 401 are respectively connected with a silicone oil outlet end and a silicone oil return end of the liquid temperature control box 402.
The test method for testing the compression characteristic and the permeability characteristic of the unsaturated soil by using the unsaturated soil compression characteristic and permeability characteristic test device of the embodiment comprises the following steps:
A. and (3) testing the compression characteristic:
opening the liquid temperature control tank 402 and setting the temperature control temperature to a set temperature fixed value or a set sine-varying temperature; closing the water inlet valve 305a and the water discharge valve 303a, and opening the gas discharge valve 301 a; starting the jacking mechanism 102, jacking a soil sample base 203 upwards by a jacking rod 102a of the jacking mechanism 102 according to a set jacking force, wherein the lower surface of the unsaturated soil sample 207 is subjected to an upward extrusion force, and the upper surface of the unsaturated soil sample 207 is subjected to an equal constraint force of the pressurizing piston 108 so as to be compressed; the gas exhausted by the unsaturated soil sample 207 due to compression enters an air collector 302 through an exhaust pipe 301;
the data acquisition unit 501 synchronously acquires and records data of the gas flow meter 302a, the gas flow rate meter 302b, the pressure gauge 106, the suction gauge 108 and the LVDT displacement sensors on the air collector 302; when the data of the gas flow rate meter 302b is stabilized to 0, the compression test is ended; obtaining the compression characteristic of the unsaturated soil sample 207 under the set temperature condition according to the data acquired by the data acquisition unit 501;
B. and (3) testing the permeability characteristic:
after the compression test is finished, maintaining the jacking force of the jacking mechanism 102 and the working state of the liquid temperature control box 402, closing the exhaust valve 301a, opening the water inlet valve 305a and the water discharge valve 303a, and injecting water into the unsaturated soil sample 207 through the water inlet pipe 301; when the water is discharged from the water discharge pipe 303, the unsaturated soil sample 207 enters a saturated state; at this time, water is added to the water inlet pipe 305, so that the liquid level of the water inlet pipe 305 is higher than the highest position of the water outlet pipe 303, and the height difference between the liquid level of the water inlet pipe 305 and the highest position of the water outlet pipe 303 is recorded and recorded as the initial height h1(ii) a After the set time t, the height difference between the liquid level of the water inlet pipe 305 and the highest position of the water outlet pipe 303 is measured and recorded, and is recorded as the final height h2(ii) a And according to the instantaneous Darcy's law, the permeability coefficient k of the unsaturated soil sample 207 under the set temperature condition is calculated,
wherein a is the sectional area of the inner cavity of the water inlet pipe 305, L is the height of the unsaturated soil sample 207 after the compression test is finished, A is the transverse sectional area of the unsaturated soil sample 207, and lg (·) represents logarithmic operation;
in the permeation test process, the data acquisition unit 501 also dynamically acquires the data of the suction meter 108 in real time to obtain the change data of the suction force in the permeation process under the set temperature condition;
C. replacing the unsaturated soil sample 207, changing the jacking force of the jacking mechanism 102 and the temperature control setting of the liquid temperature control box 402; and repeating the operation of the step A, B to obtain the compression characteristic and the permeability characteristic of the unsaturated soil sample 207 under different soil samples, different pressures and different temperature conditions.
Claims (4)
1. The utility model provides an unsaturated soil compression characteristic and infiltration characteristic test device comprises soil sample room unit, loading unit, aqueous vapor unit, data acquisition unit, its characterized in that:
the loading unit has the structure that:
a jacking mechanism (102) is arranged in the base platform (101), a jacking rod (102a) of the jacking mechanism (102) upwards penetrates through the base platform (101) to be connected with the soil sample base (203), and an LVDT displacement sensor (102b) is connected on the jacking rod (102a) in series; upright rods (103) are fixed on two sides of the base platform (101), a transverse reaction beam (104) is connected between the tops of the upright rods (103), and the middle part of the reaction beam (104) is in contact with the upper end of a dowel bar (107) sequentially through a connecting rod (105) and a pressure gauge (106); the lower end of the dowel bar (107) passes through a middle through hole of the top cover (201) and is connected with the top of the pressurizing piston (108);
the soil sample chamber unit has the following structure:
a cutting ring (204) is arranged on the soil sample base (203), and a lower metal permeable stone (205a), a lower filter paper (206a), an unsaturated soil sample (207), an upper filter paper (206b) and an upper metal permeable stone (205b) are sequentially arranged in the cutting ring (204) from bottom to top; the top of the cutting ring (204) is covered with a top cover (201), the bottom surface of the top cover (201) is provided with a circular groove with the diameter identical to the inner diameter of the cutting ring (204), and the inner wall of the cutting ring (204) is aligned with the wall of the groove of the top cover (201); the top cover (201) is further fixed on a soil sample base (203) through vertical screws (202) on two sides; annular rubber sealing gaskets (209) are arranged between the bottom of the wall of the cutting ring (204) and the soil sample base (203) and between the top of the wall of the cutting ring (204) and the top cover (201);
the pressurizing piston (108) is sleeved in the upper part of the cutting ring (204), the bottom surface of the pressurizing piston is contacted with the upper metal permeable stone (205b), and the top surface of the pressurizing piston is flush with the top surface of the cutting ring (204); the middle part of the pressurizing piston (108) is provided with a middle through hole, a suction gauge (208) is arranged in the middle through hole, and the lower end of the suction gauge (208) penetrates through an upper metal permeable stone (205b) to be in contact with upper filter paper (206 b);
the structure of the water gas unit is as follows:
the inner end of the exhaust pipe (301) penetrates through the top cover (201), the pressurizing piston (108) and the upper metal permeable stone (205b) to be in contact with the upper filter paper (206b), an exhaust valve (301a) is arranged on the exhaust pipe (301), the outer end of the exhaust pipe (301) is connected with an air collector (302), and a gas flowmeter (302a) and a gas flow rate meter (302b) are arranged on the air collector (302);
the inner end of the drain pipe (303) penetrates through the top cover (201) and the pressurizing piston (108) to be in contact with the upper surface of the upper metal permeable stone (205b), the outer end of the drain pipe (303) is positioned above the measuring cylinder (304), and a drain valve (303a) is arranged on the drain pipe (303); the inner end of the transparent water inlet pipe (305) penetrates through the soil sample base (203) to be in contact with the lower surface of the lower metal permeable stone (205a), a water inlet valve (305a) is arranged on the water inlet pipe (305), and the water injection end of the water inlet pipe (305) is higher than the water discharge pipe (303);
the data acquisition unit comprises the following components:
the data collector (501) is electrically connected with the gas flow meter (302a), the gas flow rate meter (302b), the pressure gauge (106), the suction gauge (108) and the LVDT displacement sensor (102 b).
2. The unsaturated soil compression property and permeability test device according to claim 1, further comprising a temperature control unit, wherein the temperature control unit has a specific structure:
the periphery of the cutting ring (204) is wrapped with a spiral pipe (401), and the periphery of the spiral pipe (401) is wrapped with an insulating layer (403); two ends of the spiral pipe (401) are respectively connected with the silicone oil outlet end and the silicone oil return end of the liquid temperature control box (402).
3. A test method for testing the compression characteristic and the permeability characteristic of unsaturated soil by using the unsaturated soil compression characteristic and permeability characteristic test device of claim 1, comprising the steps of:
A. and (3) testing the compression characteristic:
closing the water inlet valve (305a) and the water discharge valve (303a), and opening the exhaust valve (301 a); starting the jacking mechanism (102), jacking rods (102a) of the jacking mechanism (102) jack up the soil sample base (203) upwards according to a set jacking force, the lower surface of the unsaturated soil sample (207) is subjected to an upward extrusion force, and the upper surface of the unsaturated soil sample (207) is subjected to an equal constraint force of a pressurizing piston (108) so as to be compressed; the gas exhausted by the unsaturated soil sample (207) due to compression enters an air collector (302) through an exhaust pipe (301);
the data acquisition unit (501) synchronously acquires and records data of a gas flow meter (302a), a gas flow rate meter (302b), a pressure gauge (106), a suction meter (108) and an LVDT displacement sensor on the air collector (302); when the data of the gas flow rate meter (302b) is stabilized to 0, ending the compression test; obtaining the compression characteristic of the unsaturated soil sample (207) according to the data acquired by the data acquisition unit (501);
B. and (3) testing the permeability characteristic:
after the compression test is finished, keeping the jacking force of the jacking mechanism (102) unchanged, closing an exhaust valve (301a), opening a water inlet valve (305a) and a water drain valve (303a), and injecting water into the unsaturated soil sample (207) through the water inlet pipe (301); when the water is drained from the drain pipe (303), the unsaturated soil sample (207) enters a saturated state; at this time, water is added into the water inlet pipe (305) to make the liquid level of the water inlet pipe (305) higher than the highest position of the water outlet pipe (303), and the water inlet pipe is recorded at this timeThe height difference between the liquid level of the water pipe (305) and the highest position of the water discharge pipe (303) is recorded as an initial height h1(ii) a After the set time t, the height difference between the liquid level of the water inlet pipe (305) and the highest position of the water outlet pipe (303) is measured and recorded, and the height difference is recorded as the final height h2(ii) a Finally, according to the instantaneous Darcy's law, the permeability coefficient k of the unsaturated soil sample (207) can be calculated,
wherein a is the sectional area of the inner cavity of the water inlet pipe (305), L is the height of the unsaturated soil sample (207) after the compression test is finished, A is the transverse sectional area of the unsaturated soil sample (207), and lg (·) represents logarithmic operation;
in the permeation test process, the data acquisition unit (501) also dynamically acquires the data of the suction meter (108) in real time to obtain the change data of the suction in the permeation process;
C. and (4) replacing the unsaturated soil sample (207), adjusting the jacking force of the jacking mechanism (102), and repeating the operation of the step A, B to obtain the compression characteristic and the permeability characteristic of the unsaturated soil sample (207) under different soil samples and different pressures.
4. A test method for testing the compression characteristics and permeability characteristics of unsaturated soil by using the unsaturated soil compression characteristics and permeability characteristics test device of claim 2, comprising the steps of:
A. and (3) testing the compression characteristic:
opening a liquid temperature control box (402) and setting the temperature control temperature to be a set temperature fixed value or a set sine-changed temperature; closing the water inlet valve (305a) and the water discharge valve (303a), and opening the exhaust valve (301 a); starting the jacking mechanism (102), jacking rods (102a) of the jacking mechanism (102) jack up the soil sample base (203) upwards according to a set jacking force, the lower surface of the unsaturated soil sample (207) is subjected to an upward extrusion force, and the upper surface of the unsaturated soil sample (207) is subjected to an equal constraint force of a pressurizing piston (108) so as to be compressed; the gas exhausted by the unsaturated soil sample (207) due to compression enters an air collector (302) through an exhaust pipe (301);
the data acquisition unit (501) synchronously acquires and records data of a gas flow meter (302a), a gas flow rate meter (302b), a pressure gauge (106), a suction meter (108) and an LVDT displacement sensor on the air collector (302); when the data of the gas flow rate meter (302b) is stabilized to 0, ending the compression test; obtaining the compression characteristic of the unsaturated soil sample (207) under the set temperature condition according to the data acquired by the data acquisition unit (501);
B. and (3) testing the permeability characteristic:
after the compression test is finished, maintaining the jacking force of the jacking mechanism (102) and the working state of the liquid temperature control box (402), closing the exhaust valve (301a), opening the water inlet valve (305a) and the water discharge valve (303a), and injecting water into the unsaturated soil sample (207) through the water inlet pipe (305); when the water is drained from the drain pipe (303), the unsaturated soil sample (207) enters a saturated state; adding water into the water inlet pipe (305) at the moment to enable the liquid level of the water inlet pipe (305) to be higher than the highest position of the water outlet pipe (303), and recording the height difference between the liquid level of the water inlet pipe (305) and the highest position of the water outlet pipe (303) at the moment, and recording the height difference as an initial height h1(ii) a After the set time t, the height difference between the liquid level of the water inlet pipe (305) and the highest position of the water outlet pipe (303) is measured and recorded, and the height difference is recorded as the final height h2(ii) a And according to the instantaneous Darcy's law, the permeability coefficient k of the unsaturated soil sample (207) under the set temperature condition is calculated,wherein a is the sectional area of the inner cavity of the water inlet pipe (305), L is the height of the unsaturated soil sample (207) after the compression test is finished, A is the transverse sectional area of the unsaturated soil sample (207), and lg (·) represents logarithmic operation;
in the permeation test process, the data acquisition unit (501) also dynamically acquires the data of the suction meter (108) in real time to obtain the change data of the suction force in the permeation process under the set temperature condition;
C. replacing the unsaturated soil sample (207), and changing the jacking force of the jacking mechanism (102) and the temperature control setting of the liquid temperature control box (402); and (5) repeating the operation of the step A, B to obtain the compression characteristic and the permeability characteristic of the unsaturated soil sample (207) under different soil samples, different pressures and different temperature conditions.
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