CN105921751A - Three-dimensional printer and printing method thereof - Google Patents
Three-dimensional printer and printing method thereof Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN105921751A CN105921751A CN201610270383.3A CN201610270383A CN105921751A CN 105921751 A CN105921751 A CN 105921751A CN 201610270383 A CN201610270383 A CN 201610270383A CN 105921751 A CN105921751 A CN 105921751A
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- Prior art keywords
- adhesive
- printing
- dimensional printer
- printhead
- metal dust
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
- B22F3/115—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces by spraying molten metal, i.e. spray sintering, spray casting
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
Abstract
The invention relates to a three-dimensional printer and a printing method thereof. The three-dimensional printer comprises a printing head, a heating device, a printing platform and a sintering molding chamber. The printing method comprises the step of primary molding and the step of sintering. The heating device heats a three-dimensional printing material, and the heating temperature of the heating device ranges from 50 DEG C to 300 DEG C. Metal powder is bonded by a bonding agent at the temperature ranging from 50 DEG C to 300 DEG C. The three-dimensional printing material is extruded on the printing platform to form a primary cured object. The primary cured object is sintered and cured into a molded object in the sintering step.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to 3 D-printing field, specifically, relate to a type of three-dimensional printer and printing side
Method.
Background technology
Three-dimensional (3D) rapid shaping, also referred to as increases material manufacture, and general principle is by printing or laying continuous print material
Layer produces three-dimensional body.Three-dimensional fast shaping equipment or three-dimensional printer are by changing the three dimensional computer modeling of object and producing
Raw a series of cross-sectional slice carry out work, then, print each section, and one on top of the other, thus produces final
Three-dimensional body.
The type that the method for three-dimensional fast shaping mainly includes is: stereolithography or photocuring
(Stereolithography, SLA), layer separated growth (Laminated object manufacturing, LOM), choosing
Selecting property laser fusion (Selective laser Melting, SLM), fused glass pellet (Fused deposition
modeling, FDM)。
At present, the 3D printer of FDM type is most commonly seen on the market, and the production cost of such 3D printer is relatively
Low, and the operation printed is the most convenient, beginner is easily mastered.Its cardinal principle is by wire silk material such as PLA(PLA) logical
Cross high temperature nozzle to melt, then utilize the continuously extruded of follow-up wire rod, the material of molten is extruded by jet expansion, then
Molten material is long-pending and produce three-dimensional body in print platform upper strata layer stack, such as Application No. CN201410827191.9,
The Chinese invention patent application file of CN201510054483.8 and CN201510313735.4 has been recorded the three-dimensional of FDM type
Printer and operation principle thereof.Owing to above-mentioned 3D printer uses silk material to melt the method that layering is accumulated, printing so can be caused
Molding time is longer.And cooling connects after cohering due to the material being merely by molten between layers of moulding material
Together, and when material temperature difference between layers, the bonding relation between layers that will result in is insecure, makes
The structural strength becoming shaped object is unstable.When 3-D. formed body is after placing a period of time, the most even can
Separate phenomenon occurs.
It addition, the 3D for the SLM type of selective laser sintering shaping prints, its general principle is on print platform
Sinter with laser selective again after laying one layer of dusty material, then re-lay next layer the most laser sintered with dusty material
Secondary, after circulation above-mentioned steps, available 3 D stereo is in kind.But laser sintered mode needs to expend substantial amounts of energy ability
Making powder at high temperature melting aftershaping, and this 3D printing device needs very professional maintenance, and the cost of consumption is very big.
In the Chinese utility model patent application of Application No. 201420377082.7, such as disclose a kind of metal powder laser burn
Tying three-dimensional printer, it completes the paving powder on print platform by powder-laying roller and works, and carries out selective laser sintering the most again, this
Plant printer and not only spread the inefficient of powder work, and laser sintered process needs expend mass energy and also can reduce work
Make efficiency.
Summary of the invention
The main object of the present invention is to provide a kind of metal three-dimensional body and is molded rapid three-dimensional printer.
It is a further object of the present invention to provide the printing side of the three-dimensional printer of the rapid shaping of a kind of metal three-dimensional body
Method.
The Method of printing of the three-dimensional printer that the present invention provides, three-dimensional printer includes:
Printhead, printhead is loaded with 3 D-printing material, it is characterised in that: 3 D-printing material includes metal dust and coheres
Agent, and metal dust percentage by weight shared by 3 D-printing material is more than 60%；
Method of printing includes below step:
Preliminary forming step: heating 3 D-printing material with heater, the heating-up temperature of heater is 50
DEG C to 300 DEG C, metal dust is cohered at 50 DEG C to 300 DEG C by adhesive, and 3 D-printing material is extruded on print platform
Form primary solidification object；
Sintering step, is shaped object primary solidification object sintering curing.
From such scheme, this Method of printing process is simple, rapid, just can be mixed only with a printhead
Metal dust and adhesive after conjunction are molded on print platform according to the mode of 3 D-printing, and metal dust is played by adhesive
Preliminary solidification, it is to avoid metal dust caves on print platform.After treating that the first one-step forming of three-dimensional body completes,
Remove adhesive by sintering step again and make to occur between metal dust the forming and hardening of relatively high forces, finally realizing three
The shaping of dimension object.Finding in R&D process, the percentage by weight of metal dust should control more than 60%, because working as metal
When powder is in the range of this, can find suitable binder materials that metal dust plays primary solidification effect；But,
When metal dust is less than 60%, then easily cause the failure of three-dimensional body forming process.
One preferred scheme is that 3 D-printing material is by the metal dust and 30% to 40% of mass fraction 60% to 70%
Adhesive composition, metal dust be bronze, cobalt-base alloys, acid bronze alloy, gold-base alloy, nickel-base alloy, stainless steel, iron, lead/
At least one in kirsite, adhesive is polyethylene glycols adhesive, polymethyl methacrylate adhesive, polyethylene glycol oxide
At least one in class adhesive；
From such scheme, those of ordinary skill in the art can according to demand to metal dust and the kind of adhesive, join
Ratio selects or adjusts.And when selecting printed material according to above-mentioned preferred version and print, the shaping of three-dimensional body
Effect is more preferable.
Or, metal dust accounts for the percentage by weight of 3 D-printing material more than 70%, and adhesive is that resin wax, light are solid
Changing at least one in wax, optical curing of UV material, metal dust is bronze, cobalt-base alloys, acid bronze alloy, gold-base alloy, Ni-based
At least one in alloy, stainless steel, iron, lead, kirsite.
From such scheme, those of ordinary skill in the art can be according to demand to metal dust and the kind of adhesive
Class, proportioning select or adjust.And when selecting printed material according to above-mentioned preferred version and print, three-dimensional body
Molding effect is more preferable.
One preferred scheme is, the heating and temperature control of heater is at 50 DEG C to 200 DEG C；The temperature control of sintering step
System is at 200 DEG C to 2000 DEG C.
One preferred scheme is, in preliminary forming step, printhead is extruded 3 D-printing material with bar form
On print platform.
The FDM three-dimensional printer that the present invention provides, including printhead, heater, print platform and sinter molding room；
Printhead is loaded with 3 D-printing material, and 3 D-printing material includes metal dust and adhesive, and metal dust is three
In dimension printed material, shared percentage by weight is more than 60%；
Heater, for adding the 3 D-printing material in thermal printer head, and the heating and temperature control of heater is at 50 DEG C extremely
300 DEG C, metal dust is cohered at 50 DEG C to 300 DEG C by adhesive；
Print platform, forms primary solidification object for accepting the 3 D-printing material of printhead extrusion；
Sinter molding room, for being sintered forming processes to primary solidification object.
One preferred scheme is that printhead has chamber, screw rod and charging aperture, and charging aperture is arranged on the upstream of chamber
Section, the downstream of chamber is provided with printing nozzle, and screw rod can be rotatably set in chamber, and heater is arranged on the interior of chamber
Wall or outer wall.
One preferred scheme is, adhesive is water-soluble adhesive, and 3 D-printing material is by metal dust and water solubility
Adhesive hybrid process is shaped to strip printed material；Printhead includes guide pipe, trunnion and the printing nozzle being sequentially communicated, larynx
Arranging heater in the peripheral outer wall of pipe, bar shaped printed material is through guide pipe and trunnion.
One preferred scheme is that printhead, heater and print platform are arranged in confined chamber, confined chamber interior
Portion is vacuum environment or inert gas environment；The inside of sinter molding room is vacuum environment or inert gas environment；Heater
Heating and temperature control at 50 DEG C to 200 DEG C, the temperature of sintering step controls at 200 DEG C to 2000 DEG C.
One preferred scheme is that three-dimensional printer also includes tank, is loaded with water in tank, and the water in tank is used for soaking
Bubble primary solidification object.
One preferred scheme is that sintering step can also include vulcanizing treatment step, to remove in primary solidification object
Some impurity components.
The FDM three-dimensional printer that the present invention provides includes printhead, heater, print platform, tank and sinter molding
Room.Wherein, printhead is used for containing printed material；Heater is for heating the described printed material in described printhead；Beat
Print platform forms primary solidification object for the described printed material accepting described printhead extrusion；Water, institute it is loaded with in tank
State the water in tank for soaking described primary solidification object；Sinter molding room is for being sintered described primary solidification object
Forming processes.
The applicant provides another kind of three-dimensional in the Chinese invention patent application of Application No. CN2015107564705
Printer, printed material therein includes metal dust and adhesive, due in follow-up sinter molding step, adhesive
Volatilization easily causes the existence of the void structure of shaped three dimensional object, therefore can use FDM 3 D-printing before the sintering step
The tank that machine provides carries out immersion process to primary solidification object, to remove a part of adhesive of printed material.
One preferred scheme is, described printed material is powder printed material；Described printhead has chamber, screw rod
And charging aperture, described charging aperture is arranged on the Upstream section of described chamber, and the downstream of described chamber is provided with printing nozzle, described
Screw rod can be rotatably set in described chamber, and described heater is arranged on inwall or the outer wall of described chamber.
One preferred scheme is, described printed material is strip printed material；Described printhead includes being sequentially communicated
Guide pipe, trunnion and printing nozzle, the peripheral outer wall of described trunnion arranges described heater, described bar shaped printed material warp
Cross described guide pipe and described trunnion.
One preferred scheme is, described printhead, described heater, described print platform and described tank are arranged
In confined chamber, the inside of described confined chamber is vacuum environment or inert gas environment.
One preferred scheme is, the inside of described sinter molding room is vacuum environment or inert gas environment.
One preferred scheme is, contains warm water in described tank, and the temperature range of described warm water is 60 DEG C to 80 DEG C.
One preferred scheme is, the water contained in described tank is through deoxidation treatment.
One preferred scheme is, the heating and temperature control of described heater is at 50 DEG C to 200 DEG C.
One preferred scheme is, the temperature of described sinter molding room controls at 200 DEG C to 2000 DEG C.
One preferred scheme is that described printed material is made up of metal dust and adhesive.
The printed material that the present invention provides for FDM three-dimensional printer, the consisting of metal dust and cohere of printed material
Agent, wherein the mass fraction scope of metal dust is 60% to 70%；The mass fraction scope of adhesive is 30% to 40%.
From such scheme, this printed material overcome simultaneously the shaping of existing FDM three-dimensional printer relatively slow and
The problem that the 3 D-printing power consumption of existing SLM type is bigger.By the cohesive action of adhesive, metal dust is produced
Certain solidification, thus can make printed material be laid on print platform formation primary solidification thing by printhead
Body, the most again by sintering step to metal powder sintered curing molding, to complete whole print procedure, which thereby enhances work
Efficiency and energy utilization rate.It should be noted that the limited proportion of above-mentioned printed material has very important significance, when cohering
When agent is very few, printed material can not form primary solidification object, or the stability of primary solidification object is excessively poor, and coheres
Find when agent is too much that the structural strength of the three-dimensional body of sinter molding can reduce, therefore obtained above-mentioned ratio through experiment repeatedly
Example suitable printed material component.The applicant carries in the Chinese invention patent application of Application No. CN2015107564705
Having supplied another kind of printed material, but this printed material needs printer to have two printheads, its operating efficiency ratio is relatively low
And can substantially increase the production cost of printer, and the problem that invention also overcomes above-mentioned existence.
One preferred scheme is, adhesive is water-soluble adhesive or paraffin, metal dust be bronze, cobalt-base alloys,
At least one in acid bronze alloy, gold-base alloy, nickel-base alloy, stainless steel, iron, lead/kirsite；Water-soluble adhesive is poly-second
At least one in glycols adhesive, polymethyl methacrylate adhesive, polyoxyethylene alkenes adhesive.
From such scheme, adhesive can also is that other existing suitable binding material, but it needs to meet
Cohesive action to metal dust, makes printed material complete the shaping of primary solidification object.Such as, polyethylene glycols adhesive can
With the adhesive being polyethylene glycol or polyethylene glycol is mixed to form with polymethyl methacrylate.Polyoxyethylene alkenes adhesive
Can be that polyethylene glycol oxide, or its component can also include Tissuemat E and stearic acid.In the prior art, although
Provide polytype polyethylene glycols adhesive, the component ratio of polyoxyethylene alkenes adhesive, but as long as they meet
The inventive concept of the present invention, the purpose that metal dust namely plays primary solidification shaping i.e. can be used for the present invention.
Further preferred scheme is that printed material is uniformly mixed to form with adhesive by metal dust, or prints material
Expect that by metal dust and water-soluble adhesive hybrid process be strip printed material.
From such scheme, for strip printed material, have an advantage in that and easily in print procedure, it is moved speed
Rate adjusts in time, and the sectional area of strip printed material and shape are easily controlled in machine-shaping, Jin Erzeng
Its versatility strong.The preparation method of strip printed material is similar with the conventional fabrication method of noodle food.
One preferred scheme is, adhesive is water-soluble adhesive, and water-soluble adhesive is that polyoxyethylene alkenes is cohered
Agent, polyoxyethylene alkenes adhesive is made up of 76% polyethylene glycol oxide, 23% Tissuemat E and 1% stearic acid.
Find after overtesting, when using different types of aqueous adhesive, need in follow-up immersion step
Soak time there will be difference.Such as, the adhesive being mixed to form for polyethylene glycol and polymethyl methacrylate, when at water
Middle immersion can remove the polyethylene glycol of about 80% after about 16 hours, and after the temperature of water is promoted to 60 DEG C to 80 DEG C, can be
The polyethylene glycol removing more than 95% in 10 hours.It addition, for the polyoxyethylene alkenes adhesive in such scheme, it is the most solid
Compound body only need to soak 60min to 70min in water just can remove major part polyethylene glycol oxide.
The Method of printing of the FDM three-dimensional printer that the present invention provides, FDM three-dimensional printer includes printhead, and printhead is contained
Equipped with printed material, printed material is made up of the metal dust of mass fraction 60% to 70% and the adhesive of 30% to 40%；Beat
Impression method includes preliminary forming step and sintering step, in preliminary forming step, printed material extrusion is formed on print platform
Primary solidification object, is shaped object primary solidification object sintering curing in sintering step.
From such scheme, the shaping of this Method of printing is rapidly and energy resource consumption is low, overcomes existing FDM three-dimensional and beats
Print machine is molded the bigger problem of 3 D-printing power consumption of slower and existing SLM type.
One preferred scheme is, printhead has the heater for heating printed material, and Method of printing also includes
Heating steps, in heating steps, the printed material contained in printhead is heated by heater；Adhesive is water-soluble
Adhesive, Method of printing also includes step of soaking, and in immersion step, primary solidification object is placed in water, primary solidification thing
Being dissolved at least partially in water of internal water-soluble adhesive；Immersion step uses warm water to soak, the temperature range of warm water
It it is 60 DEG C to 80 DEG C；Method of printing under vacuum or is carried out under inert gas shielding.
From such scheme, some adhesives can produce cohesive action at normal temperatures, but has some adhesives to exist
Just can produce cohesive action after heating, or cohesive action is strengthened, therefore, heating steps can strengthen the logical of adhesive
By property and functional.It addition, in sintering step, adhesive typically can escape shaped object and evaporate in the environment of surrounding,
But there is poroid or void structure in the inside that so can cause shaped object, reduces its structural strength.And water solubility is sticked
Knot agent, can be removed at least some of preferential of the water-soluble adhesive in primary solidification object, so by immersion step
Sinter molding later will greatly reduce the poroid or generation of void structure, thus the structure improving shaped object is strong
Degree.Additionally, warm water can improve the rate of dissolution of water-soluble adhesive, improve operating efficiency.Additionally, vacuum sealing space is permissible
Reduce the thermal loss of heating steps, contribute to the sinter molding of three-dimensional body, and such scheme is capable of tentatively becoming
Type step and immersion step are carried out simultaneously, prevent burning.And in the environment of having oxygen, metal, water and oxygen are very
Easily form various types of oxides and then reduce the quality of printing objects.
Further preferred scheme is, metal dust is bronze, cobalt-base alloys, acid bronze alloy, gold-base alloy, Ni-based conjunction
At least one in gold, stainless steel, iron, lead/kirsite；Water-soluble adhesive is polyethylene glycols adhesive, polymethyl
At least one in acid methyl esters adhesive, polyoxyethylene alkenes adhesive；Preliminary forming step carry out with immersion step simultaneously or
Person is successively carried out；The heating and temperature control of heater is at 50 DEG C to 200 DEG C；The temperature of sintering step controls at 200 DEG C extremely
2000℃。
From such scheme, the temperature of heater can also be other suitable temperature, but this is preferred scheme,
Too high temperature can consume more energy, and too low temperature then can reduce the cohesive action of adhesive.
The FDM three-dimensional printer that the present invention provides includes: printhead, is used for containing printed material, and printed material is by quality
The metal dust of mark 60% to 70% and the adhesive composition of 30% to 40%；Heater, for adding beating in thermal printer head
Printed material material；Print platform, forms primary solidification object for accepting the printed material of printhead extrusion；Tank, contains in tank
There is below the liquid level that water, print platform is movable in tank；Sinter molding room, for being sintered into primary solidification object
Type processes.
One preferred scheme is that printed material is uniformly mixed to form with adhesive by metal dust；Printhead has chamber
Room, screw rod and charging aperture, charging aperture is arranged on the Upstream section of chamber, and the downstream of chamber is provided with printing nozzle, and screw rod can revolve
Being arranged in chamber with turning, heater is arranged on inwall or the outer wall of chamber.
One preferred scheme is, adhesive is water-soluble adhesive, and printed material is cohered with water solubility by metal dust
Agent is mixed to form strip printed material；Printhead includes guide pipe, trunnion and the printing nozzle being sequentially communicated, and the week of trunnion is outwards
Arranging heater on wall, bar shaped printed material is through guide pipe and trunnion.
One preferred scheme is that printhead, heater, print platform and tank are arranged in confined chamber, airtight
The inside of room and/or sinter molding room is vacuum environment or inert gas environment；Contain in tank as warm water, the temperature model of warm water
Enclose is 60 DEG C to 80 DEG C；The water contained in tank is through deoxidation treatment；The heating and temperature control of heater is at 50 DEG C to 200
℃；The temperature of sinter molding indoor controls at 200 DEG C to 2000 DEG C.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structure chart of FDM three-dimensional printer first embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the structure chart printing first-class assembly of FDM three-dimensional printer first embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a kind of print state figure of FDM three-dimensional printer first embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the structure chart of FDM three-dimensional printer the second embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is the structure chart printing first-class assembly of FDM three-dimensional printer the second embodiment of the present invention.
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the invention will be further described.
Detailed description of the invention
First group of embodiment of 3 D-printing material:
The printed material of the present embodiment be used for three-dimensional printer, printed material consist of metal dust and adhesive, Qi Zhongjin
The mass fraction scope belonging to powder is 60% to 70%；The mass fraction scope of adhesive is 30% to 40%.Printed material is by metal
Powder is uniformly mixed to form with adhesive, or printed material is mixed to form strip by metal dust with water-soluble adhesive and prints
Material.Specifically, following table presents the embodiment of five kinds of proportioning modes of printed material.
In the embodiment of some printed materials, adhesive is water-soluble adhesive or paraffin, and metal dust is bronze, cobalt
Base alloy, acid bronze alloy, gold-base alloy, nickel-base alloy, stainless steel, iron, lead/kirsite.Water-soluble adhesive is polyethylene glycol
Class adhesive, polymethyl methacrylate adhesive, polyoxyethylene alkenes adhesive.Such as, polyoxyethylene alkenes adhesive by
76% polyethylene glycol oxide, 23% Tissuemat E and 1% stearic acid composition.Polyethylene glycols adhesive can be polyethylene glycol and poly-first
Base methyl acrylate composition mixing adhesive.
Second group of embodiment of 3 D-printing material:
The 3 D-printing material of the present embodiment can be used for three-dimensional printer (the FDM three-dimensional printer that example below is mentioned each
Embodiment).3 D-printing material consist of metal dust and adhesive, metal dust accounts for the weight percent of 3 D-printing material
Ratio is more than 70%, and now, adhesive is resin wax, photocuring wax or optical curing of UV material, and metal dust is bronze, cobalt-based conjunction
At least one in gold, acid bronze alloy, gold-base alloy, nickel-base alloy, stainless steel, iron, lead, kirsite.Adhesive and metal powder
End can carry out selective matching and use according to demand.Photo-curing material or photocuring wax are after being heated to 50 DEG C to 300 DEG C
Can binder metal powder.Printed material is uniformly mixed to form with adhesive by metal dust, or printed material is by metal powder
End and adhesive are mixed to form strip printed material.Specifically, following table presents five kinds of proportioning modes of printed material
Embodiment.Compared to first group of embodiment above, the large percentage (more than 70%) of the metal dust in this group embodiment,
The density of the three-dimensional body after shaping is relatively big, and hardness and the intensity of the three-dimensional body of its sinter molding improve the most accordingly.
In the embodiment of other group, the metal powder that above-mentioned first group of embodiment is specifically chosen with second group of embodiment
End and the kind of adhesive can intersect, matches use.Other supplementary element, such as face can also be increased in 3 D-printing material
Material, magnetic material etc..In the embodiment of other group, metal dust can be specifically iron-based powder, heavy metal powder, gently gold
Belong to powder, rare metal powder or precious metal powder.Wherein, iron-based powder can be iron, carbon steel, steel alloy, stainless steel or
High-speed steel etc.；Heavy metal powder can be copper, bronze, brass, nickel or nickel-base alloy；Light metal powder can be aluminium, aluminium alloy,
Titanium or titanium alloy；Rare metal can be tungsten, tungsten-bast alloy, molybdenum or molybdenum-base alloy；Precious metal powder can be platinum.
FDM three-dimensional printer first embodiment:
As it is shown in figure 1, the FDM three-dimensional printer of the present embodiment includes printhead 10, heater 20, print platform 30, tank
40, confined chamber 50 and sinter molding room 60.Printhead 10, heater 20, print platform 30, tank 40 are arranged at confined chamber
In 50, the inside of confined chamber 50 and sinter molding room 60 is vacuum environment or inert gas environment.
Being loaded with water 41 in tank 40, print platform 30 is movable to below the liquid level in tank 40, in tank 40 preferably
Containing as warm water, the temperature range of warm water is 60 DEG C to 80 DEG C, warm water through deoxidation treatment to prevent burning.Print platform
30 move modes in tank 40 can be controlled by by the way of screw rod transmission, and can be by three-dimensional printer
The control action of controller is controlled.
Sinter molding room 60 is for being sintered forming processes to primary solidification object 61, and the temperature of sintering step is preferably controlled
System is at 200 DEG C to 2000 DEG C, and high-sintering process is relatively common in the moulding process of powdered-metal, and its main purpose is to strengthen
The structural strength of three-dimensional body, those skilled in the art can choose suitable temperature for different types of metal powder material
Primary solidification object 61 is sintered shaping.
As in figure 2 it is shown, printhead 10 has chamber 11, screw rod 12 and charging aperture 13, charging aperture 13 is arranged on chamber 11
Upstream section, the downstream of chamber 11 is provided with printing nozzle 14, and screw rod 12 can be rotatably set in chamber 11, heater 20
It is arranged on the inwall of chamber 11.In other embodiments, heater 20 can also be arranged on the outer wall of chamber 11.Printhead 10
Chamber 11 be used for containing printed material, printed material is added in chamber 11 by charging aperture 13, and printed material is by mass fraction
The metal dust of 60% to 70% and the adhesive composition of 30% to 40%, printed material is uniformly mixed with adhesive by metal dust
Formed.
Heater 20 is for heating the printed material in chamber 11, and heater 20 is specially electrical heating coil, at it
The heater that can also take other form in its embodiment, the heating and temperature control of heater 20 is at 50 DEG C to 200 DEG C.
Print platform 30 forms primary solidification object for the printed material accepting printhead 10 extrusion, and printhead 10 is flat relative to printing
Platform 30 can carry out the movement of three-dimensional, occurs in that the mutual shifting of polytype print platform and printhead in prior art
Dynamic form.Such as, at the Chinese invention patent application literary composition of Application No. CN201510054483.8 and CN201410609259.6
Part all discloses horizontal direction two dimension (X, the Y-direction) printhead that moves and print platform that vertical direction (Z-direction) moves.
And in other embodiments, it is also possible to keeping print platform in fixed position, printhead is Arbitrary 3 D in the range of certain space
Move in direction, such as in the Chinese invention patent application of Application No. CN201310246765.9, or in Application No.
The Chinese utility model patent application of CN201420137806.0 discloses a kind of print platform be in a fixed position all the time, and
Printhead can be relative to print platform in the scheme of three-dimensional direction moving.
The Method of printing of above-mentioned FDM three-dimensional printer includes below step.
Perform preliminary forming step: printed material is loaded in chamber 11 by charging aperture 13 continuation, by screw rod 12
Turning effort drive printed material constantly extruded by printing nozzle 14, thus printed material extrude on print platform 30
Form primary solidification object.Meanwhile, by heater 20, the printed material in chamber 11 can be heated, heating-up temperature
Control at 50 DEG C to 200 DEG C.
Perform immersion step, in immersion step, primary solidification object is placed in the water of tank 40, primary solidification thing
Internal water-soluble adhesive can partly or entirely be dissolved in water.Specifically, immersion step can to use two kinds of forms, first
Kind of form is as it is shown in figure 1, after having performed preliminary forming step, then performs step of soaking, namely on print platform 30
After forming complete primary solidification object, then print platform 30 is dropped to below the liquid level of water, when soaking one section in water
Primary solidification object can be taken out, in embodiment in fact after between, it is also possible to the primary solidification thing on print platform 30
Body manually moves to tank 40.The second form is as it is shown on figure 3, preliminary forming step and immersion step are carried out, the most simultaneously
While printhead 10 extrudes printed material on print platform 30, print platform 30 the most below the liquid level of water, this
Sample just can realize, while printing primary solidification object, aqueous adhesive being dissolved in the water of tank 40.
Finally perform sintering step, the primary solidification object through immersion step is moved to sinter molding room 60, moves
Flowing mode can be the most mobile or by Automated condtrol, print platform is automatically moved in sinter molding room 60.At the beginning of
Step solidification object then defines shaped object in sinter molding room 60 after sintering curing, the temperature general control of sintering step exists
200 DEG C to 2000 DEG C.
FDM three-dimensional printer the second embodiment:
As shown in Figure 4, the FDM three-dimensional printer of the present embodiment includes printhead 10, heater 20, print platform 30, tank
40, confined chamber 50, sinter molding room 60.Printhead 10, heater 20, print platform 30, tank 40 are arranged on confined chamber 50
In.The inside of confined chamber 50 and sinter molding room 60 is vacuum environment or inert gas environment.
The adhesive of the present embodiment is water-soluble adhesive, and printed material is mixed with water solubility adhesive by metal dust and adds
Work forms strip printed material, and the preparation method of this printed material is similar with the conventional fabrication method of noodle food.Such as Fig. 5 institute
Showing, printhead includes guide pipe 71, trunnion 72 and the printing nozzle 73 being sequentially communicated, and the peripheral outer wall of trunnion 72 arranges heating
Device 20, heater 20 is heating coil, and bar shaped printed material 74 is through guide pipe 71 and trunnion 72, finally by printing nozzle
73 are expressed on print platform 30.
It addition, in other embodiments, it is also possible to use the mode that the container of telescopic type outwards sprays printed material
It is expressed on print platform.Further, it is also possible to the dusty material in printhead is squeezed by the way of electrically operated valve controls flow
Go out on print platform.
It should be noted that the FDM three-dimensional printer mentioned in the embodiment of the present invention with existing FDM three-dimensional printer is
There are differences.Printed material in existing FDM printhead is common for resin materials such as PLA, PLA after adding heat fusing by printing
Head extrusion.And after adhesive is heated by the heater of the printhead of the FDM three-dimensional printer of the embodiment of the present invention, adhesive is sent out
Raw a certain degree of melted, and then metal dust is produced cohesive action, this time, adhesive was mixed with what metal dust was formed
Conjunction state is the most similar to PLA melted in existing FDM printhead, therefore in the embodiment of the present invention, three-dimensional printer is called
FDM three-dimensional printer, but this restriction effect is primarily to facilitate understanding and the classification of technical staff, it is clear that can also be straight
Connect named three-dimensional printer.Indication adhesive of the present invention is it can be appreciated that binding agent.
Last it should be noted that the invention is not restricted to above-mentioned embodiment, the water in such as tank is set to other
Temperature, sinter molding room and confined chamber by vavuum pump circulation extraction air to keep the design of vacuum state etc. also at this
Within bright claims.
Claims (10)
1. the Method of printing of three-dimensional printer, described three-dimensional printer includes:
Printhead, described printhead is loaded with 3 D-printing material, it is characterised in that: described 3 D-printing material includes metal powder
End and adhesive, and described metal dust percentage by weight shared by described 3 D-printing material is more than 60%；
Described Method of printing includes below step:
Preliminary forming step: with heater, described 3 D-printing material is heated, the heating-up temperature of heater
Being 50 DEG C to 300 DEG C, metal dust is cohered at 50 DEG C to 300 DEG C by described adhesive, and described 3 D-printing material is extruded
Print platform is formed primary solidification object；
Sintering step, is shaped object described primary solidification object sintering curing.
The Method of printing of three-dimensional printer the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
Described 3 D-printing material is made up of the metal dust of mass fraction 60% to 70% and the adhesive of 30% to 40%, described
Metal dust be in bronze, cobalt-base alloys, acid bronze alloy, gold-base alloy, nickel-base alloy, stainless steel, iron, lead, kirsite extremely
Few one, described adhesive is polyethylene glycols adhesive, polymethyl methacrylate adhesive, polyoxyethylene alkenes adhesive
In at least one；
Or, described metal dust accounts for the percentage by weight of described 3 D-printing material more than 70%, and described adhesive is resin
At least one in wax, photocuring wax, optical curing of UV material, described metal dust is bronze, cobalt-base alloys, acid bronze alloy, gold
At least one in base alloy, nickel-base alloy, stainless steel, iron, lead, kirsite.
The Method of printing of three-dimensional printer the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:
The heating and temperature control of described heater is at 50 DEG C to 200 DEG C；
The temperature of described sintering step controls at 200 DEG C to 2000 DEG C.
4. according to the Method of printing of the three-dimensional printer described in any one of claims 1 to 3, it is characterised in that:
In described preliminary forming step, described printhead is extruded described 3 D-printing material in described printing with bar form
On platform.
5. three-dimensional printer, it is characterised in that: described three-dimensional printer includes:
Printhead, described printhead is loaded with 3 D-printing material, and described 3 D-printing material includes metal dust and adhesive,
And described metal dust in described 3 D-printing material shared percentage by weight more than 60%；
Heater, for heating the described 3 D-printing material in described printhead, and the heating-up temperature of described heater
Controlling at 50 DEG C to 300 DEG C, metal dust is cohered at 50 DEG C to 300 DEG C by described adhesive；
Print platform, forms primary solidification object for accepting the described 3 D-printing material of described printhead extrusion；
Sinter molding room, for being sintered forming processes to described primary solidification object.
Three-dimensional printer the most according to claim 5, it is characterised in that:
Described printhead has chamber, screw rod and charging aperture, and described charging aperture is arranged on the Upstream section of described chamber, described chamber
Downstream be provided with printing nozzle, described screw rod can be rotatably set in described chamber, and described heater is arranged on institute
State inwall or the outer wall of chamber.
Three-dimensional printer the most according to claim 5, it is characterised in that:
Described adhesive is water-soluble adhesive, and described 3 D-printing material is by described metal dust and described water-soluble adhesive
Hybrid process is shaped to strip printed material；
Described printhead includes guide pipe, trunnion and the printing nozzle being sequentially communicated, and the peripheral outer wall of described trunnion arranges institute
Stating heater, described bar shaped printed material is through described guide pipe and described trunnion.
8. according to the three-dimensional printer described in any one of claim 5 to 7, it is characterised in that:
Described printhead, described heater and described print platform are arranged in confined chamber, and the inside of described confined chamber is
Vacuum environment or inert gas environment；
The inside of described sinter molding room is vacuum environment or inert gas environment.
9. according to the three-dimensional printer described in any one of claim 5 to 7, it is characterised in that:
The heating and temperature control of described heater is at 50 DEG C to 200 DEG C, and the temperature of described sintering step controls at 200 DEG C extremely
2000℃。
10. according to the three-dimensional printer described in any one of claim 5 to 7, it is characterised in that:
Described three-dimensional printer also includes tank, is loaded with water in described tank, the water in described tank be used for soaking described at the beginning of
Step solidification object.
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/CN2017/080602 WO2017140281A1 (en) | 2016-02-19 | 2017-04-14 | Metal 3d printer, printing method therefor and 3d printing material |
| US16/103,009 US11110519B2 (en) | 2016-02-19 | 2018-08-14 | Metal three-dimensional printer |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201620131545 | 2016-02-19 | ||
| CN2016201315450 | 2016-02-19 |
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