CN105914402A - Non-aqueous electrolyte and lithium ion battery - Google Patents

Non-aqueous electrolyte and lithium ion battery Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105914402A
CN105914402A CN201610515308.9A CN201610515308A CN105914402A CN 105914402 A CN105914402 A CN 105914402A CN 201610515308 A CN201610515308 A CN 201610515308A CN 105914402 A CN105914402 A CN 105914402A
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substituted
unsubstituted
electrolytic solution
nonaqueous electrolytic
carbonate
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CN105914402B (en
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张昌明
付成华
彭昌志
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Ningde Amperex Technology Ltd
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/056Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
    • H01M10/0564Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
    • H01M10/0566Liquid materials
    • H01M10/0567Liquid materials characterised by the additives
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
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Abstract

The invention relates to a non-aqueous electrolyte. The non-aqueous electrolyte includes an organic solvent, electrolyte salt and additives. The additives include barbituric acid compounds. The barbituric acid compounds are used as functional additives; and thus, the cycle performance of the battery can be obviously improved.

Description

A kind of nonaqueous electrolytic solution and lithium ion battery
Technical field
The application relates to technical field of lithium batteries, is specifically related to a kind of nonaqueous electrolytic solution and lithium ion battery.
Background technology
Lithium ion battery, because having the advantages such as specific energy is high, have extended cycle life, self discharge is little, is widely used in consumer Electronic product and energy storage with in electrokinetic cell.Along with the extensive application of lithium ion battery, it uses environment to tend to many most already Planting various, the life requirements to battery is more and more higher.Such as, battery still has longer in the case of big multiplying power fast charging and discharging Life-span, work long hours still without security risk etc. at high temperature.
The life-span of lithium ion battery is affected by factors, and wherein, nonaqueous electrolytic solution is as the weight of lithium ion battery Want ingredient, it is had great impact.The dynamic performance of battery can be improved by nonaqueous electrolytic solution, reduce big times Rate polarizes, and during circulation and high temperature storage, both positive and negative polarity interface stability thus reach improves life-span, the purpose of safety.
Summary of the invention
One of purpose of the application is to provide a kind of nonaqueous electrolytic solution.
The two of the purpose of itself parent are to provide a kind of lithium ion battery.
The concrete technical scheme of the application is:
The application relates to a kind of nonaqueous electrolytic solution, including organic solvent, electrolytic salt and additive, contains in described additive There is barbiturates compounds.
Preferably, described barbiturates compounds is at least one in the compound shown in formula I selected from structural formula,
Wherein,
R11、R12It is each independently selected from substituted or unsubstituted C1~12Alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1~12Thiazolinyl, take Generation or unsubstituted C6~26Aryl;
R13、R14It is each independently selected from hydrogen, amino, substituted or unsubstituted C1~12Alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1~12 Thiazolinyl, substituted or unsubstituted C6~26Aryl ,-NH-R ', wherein R ' is substituted or unsubstituted C1~12Alkyl amine group;
X is selected from O and S;
Substituent group is selected from halogen.
Preferably, wherein,
R11、R12It is each independently selected from substituted or unsubstituted C1~6Alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted phenyl;
R13、R14It is each independently selected from hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted C1~6Alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted phenyl, amino.
Preferably, at least one in following compound of described barbiturates compounds,
Preferably, described barbiturates compounds weight/mass percentage composition in described nonaqueous electrolytic solution be 0.01%~ 3%.
Preferably, described barbiturates compounds weight/mass percentage composition in described nonaqueous electrolytic solution be 0.05%~ 2%.
Preferably, at least one during described organic solvent comprises cyclic carbonate, linear carbonate and carboxylate.
Preferably,
Described cyclic carbonate is in ethylene carbonate, Allyl carbonate, gamma-butyrolacton, fluorinated ethylene carbonate At least one;
Described linear carbonate is selected from dimethyl carbonate, butylene, diethyl carbonate, dipropyl carbonate, carbonic acid first At least one in ethyl ester, methyl propyl carbonate, ethyl propyl carbonic acid ester;
Described carboxylate selected from methyl formate, Ethyl formate, propyl formate, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, At least one in methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, propyl propionate, methyl butyrate, ethyl n-butyrate..
Preferably, containing at least in nitrogen element, element sulphur, fluorine element, boron element, P elements in described electrolytic salt Kind;Preferably, described electrolytic salt is selected from lithium hexafluoro phosphate LiPF6, double trifluoromethanesulfonimide lithium LiN (CF3SO2)2, double (fluorine sulphonyl) imine lithium Li (N (SO2F)2), di-oxalate lithium borate LiB (C2O4)2, difluorine oxalic acid boracic acid lithium LiBF2(C2O4In) At least one.
The application relates to a kind of lithium ion battery, including positive plate, negative plate, be arranged at intervals at positive plate and negative plate it Between isolating membrane and electrolyte, described electrolyte is front arbitrary described nonaqueous electrolytic solution.
The technical scheme that the application provides can reach following beneficial effect:
Compared with prior art, the application by using barbiturates compounds as functional additive, can significantly change Kind cycle performance of battery.
Detailed description of the invention
For making the purpose of the application, technical scheme and advantage clearer, below in conjunction with the embodiment of the present application, to this Shen Technical scheme please is clearly and completely described, it is clear that described embodiment is some embodiments of the present application, and not It it is whole embodiments.The technical scheme provided based on the application and given embodiment, those skilled in the art are not having Make the every other embodiment obtained under creative work premise, broadly fall into the scope of the application protection.
The application relates to a kind of nonaqueous electrolytic solution, including organic solvent, electrolytic salt and additive;Described additive contains There is barbiturates compounds.
Research shows, the oxidizing potential of barbiturates compounds is lower than solvent, can be poly-in the oxidation of battery core positive electrode surface Close and form fine and close SEI film (CEI), effectively reduce the solvent decomposition at positive pole, to the performance of battery very Useful;This is because the polymer that barbiturates compounds and lithium are formed cover positive electrode surface relative to lithium alkylide be more difficult to by Solvent dissolves, and CEI is more stable.Can effectively stop positive electrode and nonaqueous electrolytic solution in positive electrode surface generation side reaction, and Can effectively reduce the increase of positive pole interface impedance in cyclic process.After barbiturates compounds polymerization film formation, can prevent Positive electrode such as the dissolution of Mn, Co, stop O release, thus stop O and nonaqueous electrolytic solution to occur to aoxidize aerogenesis and make battery swollen Swollen.The product that barbiturates compounds is formed simultaneously will not at positive electrode surface containing the group covering that O, N etc. lead ionic nature good Conduction to lithium ion impacts.Barbiturates compounds can improve battery core cyclicity well as electrolysis additive Energy.
As a kind of improvement of the application nonaqueous electrolytic solution, the application barbiturates compounds is formula selected from structural formula (1) at least one in the compound shown in,
Wherein,
R11、R12It is each independently selected from substituted or unsubstituted C1~12Alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1~12Thiazolinyl, take Generation or unsubstituted C6~26Aryl;
R13、R14It is each independently selected from hydrogen, amino, substituted or unsubstituted C1~12Alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1~12 Thiazolinyl, substituted or unsubstituted C6~26Aryl ,-NH-R ', wherein R ' is substituted or unsubstituted C1~12Alkyl amine group;
X is selected from O and S;
Substituent group is selected from halogen, such as F, Cl.
As a kind of improvement of the application,
R11、R12It is each independently selected from substituted or unsubstituted C1~6Alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1~6Thiazolinyl, replacement Or unsubstituted phenyl;
R13、R14It is each independently selected from hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted C1~6Alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1~6Alkene Base, substituted or unsubstituted phenyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1~6Aminoalkyl, amino, by C1~6The substituted imido of alkyl Base.
As a kind of improvement of the application,
R11、R12It is each independently selected from substituted or unsubstituted C1~6Alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted phenyl;
R13、R14It is each independently selected from hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted C1~6Alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted phenyl, amino.
As a kind of improvement of the application nonaqueous electrolytic solution, the application barbiturates compounds is in following compound At least one, but be not limited to this:
As a kind of improvement of the application nonaqueous electrolytic solution, the application barbiturates compounds is selected from formula (I-1) to formula At least one in (I-17) described compound, but it is not limited to this.As a kind of improvement of the application nonaqueous electrolytic solution, the application Barbiturates compounds weight/mass percentage composition in nonaqueous electrolytic solution is 0.01%~3%.When barbiturates compounds Content less than 0.01% time, it is impossible to form complete and effective CEI film at positive electrode surface, thus can not effectively stop non-water power Solve the side reaction caused by electron transfer between liquid and electrode;And when barbiturates kind compound content is more than 3%, meeting exists Cathode surface forms thicker CEI film, causes lithium ion mobility resistance to increase, is unfavorable for the positive pole interface of battery in cyclic process Stability.
It is further preferred that the weight/mass percentage composition scope that the application barbiturates compounds is in nonaqueous electrolytic solution The upper limit optionally from 3%, 2.8%, 2.5%, 2.0%, 1.5%, 1.0%, lower limit optionally from 0.01%, 0.02%, 0.03%, 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.3%, 0.5%, 0.6%, 0.8%.It is further preferred that described barbiturates compounds is non- Percentage composition in water electrolysis liquid is 0.05%~2%.
Preferably, the application barbiturates compounds weight/mass percentage composition in nonaqueous electrolytic solution is 1%.
As a kind of improvement of the application nonaqueous electrolytic solution, the application organic solvent comprises cyclic carbonate, chain carbonic acid At least one in ester and carboxylate;Wherein,
Cyclic carbonate is selected from ethylene carbonate (EC), Allyl carbonate (PC), gamma-butyrolacton, fluorinated ethylene carbonate In at least one;
Linear carbonate selected from dimethyl carbonate (DMC), butylene, diethyl carbonate (DEC), dipropyl carbonate, At least one in Ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC), methyl propyl carbonate, ethyl propyl carbonic acid ester;
Carboxylate selected from methyl formate, Ethyl formate, propyl formate, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate (EA), propyl acetate, At least one in methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, propyl propionate (PP), methyl butyrate, ethyl n-butyrate..
As a kind of improvement of the application nonaqueous electrolytic solution, the application electrolytic salt is in organic lithium salt or inorganic lithium salt At least one.
As a kind of improvement of the application nonaqueous electrolytic solution, containing nitrogen element, element sulphur, fluorine unit in the application electrolytic salt At least one in element, boron element, P elements.
As a kind of improvement of the application nonaqueous electrolytic solution, the application electrolytic salt is selected from lithium hexafluoro phosphate LiPF6, double three Fluoromethane sulfimide lithium LiN (CF3SO2)2(being abbreviated as LiTFSI), double (fluorine sulphonyl) imine lithium Li (N (SO2F)2) (be abbreviated as LiFSI), di-oxalate lithium borate LiB (C2O4)2(being abbreviated as LiBOB), difluorine oxalic acid boracic acid lithium LiBF2(C2O4) (be abbreviated as LiDFOB) at least one in.
The application further relates to a kind of lithium ion battery, including positive plate, negative plate, is arranged at intervals at positive plate and negative plate Between isolating membrane and electrolyte;Described electrolyte is the nonaqueous electrolytic solution described in aforementioned any one.
Present invention also provides a kind of lithium ion battery, including positive plate, negative plate, be arranged at intervals at positive plate and negative pole Isolating membrane, electrolyte and package foil between sheet;Described positive plate includes plus plate current-collecting body and is coated on plus plate current-collecting body Positive pole diaphragm, negative plate includes negative current collector and the cathode membrane being coated on negative current collector;Described electrolyte is front State the nonaqueous electrolytic solution described in any one.
As a kind of improvement of the application lithium ion battery, the application positive pole diaphragm includes positive electrode active materials, binding agent And conductive agent.
As a kind of improvement of the application lithium ion battery, the application positive electrode active materials is optionally from cobalt acid lithium LiCoO2、 At least one in lithium-nickel-manganese-cobalt ternary material, LiFePO4, LiMn2O4.
As a kind of improvement of the application lithium ion battery, the application positive electrode active materials is cobalt acid lithium and lithium-nickel-manganese-cobalt three The mixture of unit's material.
As a kind of improvement of the application lithium ion battery, the application cathode membrane includes negative active core-shell material, binding agent And conductive agent.
As a kind of improvement of the application lithium ion battery, the application negative active core-shell material is graphite and/or silicon.
Below by way of specific embodiment the technical scheme of the application done exemplary description:
The preparation of electrolyte: < in the argon gas atmosphere glove box of 10ppm, preparation mixes nonaqueous solvent, then will fill in water content Divide the lithium salts LiPF being dried6It is dissolved in above-mentioned nonaqueous solvent, is made into LiPF6Concentration is the basic electrolyte of 1mol/L.
Composition and the mass ratio of mixing nonaqueous solvent are as shown in table 1.And according to shown in table 1, add in basic electrolyte Barbiturates compounds additive.
Example as barbiturates compounds is: 1,3-dimethyl barbituric acid (B1, as shown in formula I-1), 1,3- Dibutyl barbiturates (B2, as shown in formula I-4), 1,3-diphenyl barbituric acid (B3, as shown in formula I-5), 1,3-dimethyl- 2-thiobarbituricacidα-(B4, as shown in formula I-11), (B5, such as formula I-8 institute for 1,3-dimethyl-5-amino-2-thiobarbituricacidα- Show).
The preparation of lithium ion battery:
1) preparation of positive plate: (molecular formula is LiCoO by positive active material cobalt acid lithium2), conductive agent acetylene black, bonding Agent polyvinylidene fluoride (being abbreviated as PVDF) 96:2:2 by weight is at appropriate N-Methyl pyrrolidone (being abbreviated as NMP) solvent In be thoroughly mixed so that it is form uniform anode sizing agent;This slurry is coated on plus plate current-collecting body Al paper tinsel, dry, cold Pressure, obtains positive plate.
2) preparation of negative plate: negative electrode active material graphite, conductive agent acetylene black, binding agent butadiene-styrene rubber (are abbreviated as SBR), thickening agent sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (being abbreviated as CMC) according to weight ratio 95:2:2:1 in appropriate deionized water solvent It is thoroughly mixed so that it is form uniform cathode size;This slurry is coated on negative current collector Cu paper tinsel, dries, colds pressing, Obtain negative plate.
3) isolating membrane: using PE porous polymer film as isolating membrane.
4) preparation of lithium ion battery: positive plate, isolating membrane, negative plate are folded in order, makes isolating membrane be in positive pole Playing the effect of isolation between sheet and negative plate, then winding obtains naked battery core;Naked battery core is placed in outer package paper tinsel, by above-mentioned The electrolyte prepared is injected in dried battery, through Vacuum Package, stand, be melted into, the operation such as shaping, i.e. complete lithium The preparation of ion battery.
Embodiment 1~14 and the electrolyte of comparative example 1~4 and lithium ion battery is prepared according to above-mentioned preparation method;Electricity Solving the parameter of additive and organic solvent in liquid and arrange as shown in table 1, the percentage numerical value in table 1 refers to account for the total matter of electrolyte The percentage of amount.
Table 1 embodiment 1~14 and the electrolyte component parameter list of comparative example 1~4
Hereinafter the lithium ion battery prepared by experiment comparative example each to the application and embodiment is carried out performance test.
Loop test
The lithium ion battery prepared is carried out respectively following test:
At 45 DEG C, by lithium ion battery, with 1C constant-current charge to 4.4V, then constant-voltage charge to electric current is 0.05C, then With 1C constant-current discharge to 3.0V, now for circulate first, carry out so repeatedly cycle charging/electric discharge according to above-mentioned condition, respectively Calculate lithium ion battery and circulate 50 times, 100 times, capability retention after 300 times.Often organize each 5 batteries, wherein, circulation After capability retention calculate according to the following formula.Electrolyte selected in each lithium ion battery and the correlative measurement obtained Examination data see table 2.
Capability retention after circulation=(discharge capacity of corresponding circulation/circulate first discharge capacity) × 100%, follows The result of ring test is as shown in table 2.
Table 2 embodiment 1~14 and comparative example 1~4 lithium ion battery circulation after capability retention
In conjunction with in Tables 1 and 2 it can be seen that compared with comparative example 1, the electrolyte of embodiment 1-8 adds barbiturates Compounds all can improve the cycle performance of lithium ion battery.Because barbiturates compounds is permissible during initial charge Generate SEI film, can effectively stop the PC impact on anode.Compared with comparative example 2, the electrolyte of embodiment 9-14 adds 1% During barbiturates compounds, the cycle performance of lithium ion battery the most all has improvement.In embodiment 9~13, electrolyte adds Enter that mass fraction is 1% 1,3-dimethyl barbituric acid, 1,3-dibutyl barbiturates, 1,3-diphenyl barbituric acid, 1, 3-dimethyl-2-thiobarbituricacidα-and 1, during 3-dimethyl-5-amino-2-thiobarbituricacidα-, the cycle performance of battery shows Write and promote.
The application other embodiments:
Prepare electrolyte and the lithium battery of embodiment 15~31 according to the method for previous embodiment, difference is: electrolyte Middle additive component and adding proportion are as shown in table 3:
Table 3 embodiment 15~31 battery electrolyte additive component and adding proportion
Detecting according to the performance of the method for the previous embodiment battery to preparing, detection obtains embodiment battery The performance of 15~31 is similar to above example, repeats no more as space is limited.
Although the application is open as above with preferred embodiment, but is not for limiting claim, any this area skill Art personnel, on the premise of conceiving without departing from the application, can make some possible variations and amendment, therefore the application Protection domain should be defined in the range of standard with the application claim.

Claims (10)

1. a nonaqueous electrolytic solution, including organic solvent, electrolytic salt and additive, it is characterised in that contain in described additive There is barbiturates compounds.
Nonaqueous electrolytic solution the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described barbiturates compounds is selected from structural formula For at least one in the compound shown in formula I,
Wherein,
R11、R12It is each independently selected from substituted or unsubstituted C1~12Alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1~12Thiazolinyl, replacement or not Substituted C6~26Aryl;
R13、R14It is each independently selected from hydrogen, amino, substituted or unsubstituted C1~12Alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted C1~12Thiazolinyl, Substituted or unsubstituted C6~26Aryl ,-NH-R ', wherein R ' is substituted or unsubstituted C1~12Alkyl amine group;
X is selected from O and S;
Substituent group is selected from halogen.
Nonaqueous electrolytic solution the most according to claim 2, it is characterised in that wherein,
R11、R12It is each independently selected from substituted or unsubstituted C1~6Alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted phenyl;
R13、R14It is each independently selected from hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted C1~6Alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted phenyl, amino.
Nonaqueous electrolytic solution the most according to claim 3, it is characterised in that described barbiturates compounds is selected from followingization At least one in compound,
Nonaqueous electrolytic solution the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described barbiturates compounds is described non-aqueous Weight/mass percentage composition in electrolyte is 0.01%~3%.
Nonaqueous electrolytic solution the most according to claim 5, it is characterised in that described barbiturates compounds is described non-aqueous Weight/mass percentage composition in electrolyte is 0.05%~2%.
Nonaqueous electrolytic solution the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described organic solvent comprises cyclic carbonate, chain At least one in shape carbonic ester and carboxylate.
Nonaqueous electrolytic solution the most according to claim 7, it is characterised in that
Described cyclic carbonate is selected from ethylene carbonate, Allyl carbonate, gamma-butyrolacton, fluorinated ethylene carbonate at least A kind of;
Described linear carbonate selected from dimethyl carbonate, butylene, diethyl carbonate, dipropyl carbonate, Ethyl methyl carbonate, At least one in methyl propyl carbonate, ethyl propyl carbonic acid ester;
Described carboxylate is selected from methyl formate, Ethyl formate, propyl formate, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, propanoic acid At least one in methyl ester, ethyl propionate, propyl propionate, methyl butyrate, ethyl n-butyrate..
Nonaqueous electrolytic solution the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that containing nitrogen element, sulfur unit in described electrolytic salt At least one in element, fluorine element, boron element, P elements;Preferably, described electrolytic salt is selected from lithium hexafluoro phosphate LiPF6, double Trifluoromethanesulfonimide lithium LiN (CF3SO2)2, double (fluorine sulphonyl) imine lithium Li (N (SO2F)2), di-oxalate lithium borate LiB (C2O4)2, difluorine oxalic acid boracic acid lithium LiBF2(C2O4At least one in).
10. a lithium ion battery, including positive plate, negative plate, the isolating membrane being arranged at intervals between positive plate and negative plate, And electrolyte, it is characterised in that described electrolyte is the arbitrary described nonaqueous electrolytic solution of claim 1~9.
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CN111477961A (en) * 2020-05-29 2020-07-31 珠海市赛纬电子材料股份有限公司 Non-aqueous electrolyte of lithium ion battery and lithium ion battery containing non-aqueous electrolyte
CN112201855A (en) * 2020-10-19 2021-01-08 宁德新能源科技有限公司 Electrolyte solution, electrochemical device, and electronic device
CN112201855B (en) * 2020-10-19 2022-04-01 宁德新能源科技有限公司 Electrolyte solution, electrochemical device, and electronic device
CN114430068A (en) * 2020-10-29 2022-05-03 深圳市研一新材料有限责任公司 Lithium ion battery electrolyte
CN114430068B (en) * 2020-10-29 2024-01-23 深圳市研一新材料有限责任公司 Lithium ion battery electrolyte

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