CN105906455A - Alkaline soil conditioner and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Alkaline soil conditioner and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105906455A
CN105906455A CN201610191776.5A CN201610191776A CN105906455A CN 105906455 A CN105906455 A CN 105906455A CN 201610191776 A CN201610191776 A CN 201610191776A CN 105906455 A CN105906455 A CN 105906455A
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China
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soil
soil conditioner
acid
preparation
vinegar
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CN201610191776.5A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
张雪艳
许帆
田蕾
张亚萍
宗庆姝
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Ningxia University
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Ningxia University
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05FORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F5/00Fertilisers from distillery wastes, molasses, vinasses, sugar plant or similar wastes or residues, e.g. from waste originating from industrial processing of raw material of agricultural origin or derived products thereof
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05GMIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05GMIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • C05G3/60Biocides or preservatives, e.g. disinfectants, pesticides or herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05GMIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • C05G3/80Soil conditioners

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Plant Pathology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Soil Conditioners And Soil-Stabilizing Materials (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses an alkaline soil conditioner and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps: mixing furfural and vinegar residues and determining the acid-base value of the obtained carrier material after mixing, wherein the mass of the furfural and the mass of the vinegar residues are equal and are both 500 kg for per mu of soil, and the acid-base value is 5.4; adding corn straw and rice husk into the carrier material, wherein the addition amounts of the corn straw and rice husk are 188.676 kg/mu and 2666.8 kg/mu; adding a bean cake on the basis of the above-mentioned material, wherein the application amount of the bean cake is 728.036 kg/mu; adding a biocontrol functional bacterium--Bacillus subtilis on the basis of the above-mentioned material, wherein the application amount of the biocontrol functional bacterium is 0.5 kg/mu; and adjusting the acid-base value of the composite soil conditioner to 2 with dilute acid so as to meet requirements on improvement of alkaline soil of different degrees. According to the invention, current waste agricultural resources are recycled, so environmental pollution is reduced; the alkaline soil conditioner can regulate and control the acid-base environment of soil and improve soil quality; and the alkaline soil conditioner improve physical and chemical properties of soil, can effectively reduce the number of pathogenic organisms, balanced microflora of soil and build a good root zone environment.

Description

A kind of basic soil conditioner and preparation method thereof
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of facility agriculture, particularly relate to a kind of basic soil conditioner and preparation side thereof Method.
Background technology
China's industrialized agriculture fast development, has reached 3,800,000 hm the most2, become the leading industry of increasing peasant income. Due to people's pursuit to high economic benefit, add ordering about of plantation experience and market, promote the crop anniversary many Stubble sequential cropping cultivation phenomenon generally exists, and overemphasizes soil output capacity, excess chemical fertilizer and the use of pesticide, single The phenomenons such as one arable farming are universal, and soil degradation problem becomes increasingly conspicuous, mainly show as soil compaction and hardening, Erosion, salinization of soil, acidifying, element is unbalance, chemical contamination, Organic Matter Loss and the degeneration of animals and plants fauna Deng, have a strong impact on the sustainable development of facilities horticulture.
China's salinized soil area about 34,600,000 hectares, tilth salinization 7,600,000 hectares, nearly 1/5 ploughs occurs Salinization of soil;Ningxia bare place salinization and alkalization is high, and the continuous cropping soil in protected field in arable land is also in about pH about 8 Alkaline state;Soil in protected field shows as alkaline nature in various degree, in addition secondary salinization, serious shadow That has rung garden crop continues efficiently production;Therefore the soil conditioner in adjustable facility salt-soda soil is probed into, right In China especially inland dry agricuture irrigated area rural economy sustainable and healthy development, management of national land, ecological environment Protection etc. has the meaning of extremely important reality.
Proper use of soil improvement product can effectively alleviate above problems, so soil improvement product makes Gradually being favored with research, the research of soil conditioner started from for 19 end of the centurys, and early stage is studied and more is Single modifying agent and natural amendments;At present, researchers extract from natural organic matter, inorganic matter, arrive Synthetic macromolecular compound, makes different modifying agent according to soil type.
Soil conditioner is because of the difference of its kind, and being the most also respectively arranged with its effect mainly has:
(1) improve soil physical properties, regulate the porosity of soil, unit weight, increase the water-holding capacity etc. in field;
(2) improve the chemical property of soil, increase organic content, the acid-base value of regulation soil, strengthen The buffer capacity of soil;
(3) improve Soil structure, increase the water stability of soil granular body, increase soil anti-erodibility by water, subtract Few soil erosion;
(4) improve soil intermediate ion exchange rate, improve salt-soda soil, buffered pH value, Adsorption of Heavy Metals;
(5) increase soil microbe quantity, improve enzymatic activity;
(6) soil moisture is improved;
(7) increase soil fertility and crop yield.
Soil conditioner substantially can be divided into natural amendments, synthetic modifying agent and biological modification agent three kinds. Wherein natural amendments can be divided into again inorganic material and organic materials two class, and inorganic material has limestone, swelling Soil, Gypsum Fibrosum, Vermiculitum, perlite and coal dust ash etc., have certain dilatancy, dispersibility, cohesiveness etc., Porosity and the unit weight of soil can be improved, improve the water conservation fertilizer-preserving ability of soil, soil pH value is played slow Punching effect, the acid-base value of the also scalable soil such as limestone and Gypsum Fibrosum, heavy metal also has certain suction simultaneously Attached ability;Coal dust ash can coordinate organic matter application by reducing C/N ratio, it is provided that organic compound, improves Enzymatic activity and N, P circulation increase the multiformity of microorganism and improve microbial activity;Organic materials is organic solid Body garbage (crop material, leguminous green manure, feces of livestock and poultry etc.), natural extract macromolecular compound are (many Sugar, cellulose, resin glue, tannic acid, humic acid, lignin etc.), organic material (peat, mud Deng), it can be effectively improved the crumb structure of soil, and natural extract macromolecular compound is sprayed at soil surface, Then can form thin film, there is soil moisture conservation effect, increase the content of organic and various middle trace element.Thorn Swash growth and the activity of soil microorganism, make microbial biomass and bacterial number increase, improve the biochemical special of soil Property.Heavy metal and organic pollution have certain adsorption.The modifying agent of synthetic mainly has poly-third Acrylamide, polyvinyl alcohol, Polyethylene Glycol, Lauxite etc.;Soil structure can be effectively improved, make soil big Aggregate number increase, increase soil surface roughness, reduce the soil weight, increase soil porosity and Capillary porosity, and then make soil particle and pore structure keep stable, make soil infiltration rate significantly improve, Improve the water content of soil.Fertilizer is had certain absorption and release action can make the soil organism, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, Rapid available phosphorus and quick-acting potassium content increase, and can reduce the loss of leaching.Biological modification agent mainly has biology Control, microbial inoculant bacterium, mycorhiza, aerobic heap tea making, Lumbricus etc., it is conducive to soil aggregate Formed, improve soil stability, strengthen soil permeability, promote that nutrient is especially moved by root system of plant The absorption of the mineral elements such as P, Cu, Zn that dynamic property is poor, improves the trophic level of plant, makes plant be good for Strong, can induce plant that the soil-borne disease original is produced disease resistance, alleviate some soil-borne disease fungal pathogenses and Cyst nematode, The harm that plant is caused by root-knot nematode etc., thus strengthen the plant resistance to pathogen.
Soil conditioner uses the most on a large scale at present, but there still have some problems to have to be to be solved, major embodiment Using, modifying agent kind is single, causes the counter productive that effect generation not the most more or less is certain;One A little the relatively costly of modifying agent have manufactured obstacle for spread;Judge mechanism that shortage science is long-acting and long The checking of the locating and tracking data of phase;The most extremely lack in terms of publicity and technical training so that it is can not reach Its due effect;Lack the research etc. of mechanism of action.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of basic soil conditioner and preparation method thereof, it is intended to solve at present The use modifying agent kind that soil conditioner exists is single, the not comprehensive generation counter productive the most more or less of effect, Relatively costly, that the science that lacks the is long-acting checking passing judgment on machine-processed and long-term locating and tracking data;Publicity and The problem that technical training aspect the most extremely lacks.
The present invention is achieved in that a kind of basic soil conditioner, and the component of this basic soil conditioner is: Furfural, vinegar, rice husk, corn straw, soybean cake, function bacterium bacillus subtilis.With furfural and vinegar On the basis of content, the proportionate relationship of each component is 1: 1: 1: 5.333: 0.377: 1.456: 0.001.
Another object of the present invention is to provide the preparation method of a kind of basic soil conditioner, this basic soil The preparation method of conditioner comprises the following steps:
Step one, presses the mass mixings such as each 500kg/ mu by furfural and vinegar, measures carrier material after mixing Acid-base value is 5.4;
Step 2, adds corn straw, rice husk in above-mentioned carrier material, and corn straw addition is 188.676 Kg/ mu, rice husk addition is 2666.8kg/ mu;
Step 3, adds soybean cake on the basis of above-mentioned material, and usage amount is 728.0364kg/ mu;
Step 4, on the basis of above-mentioned material, adds biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion function bacterium bacillus subtilis, and every mu is added 0.5 Kg, every gram of viable count is 100,000,000,000;
Step 5, the mass mixing things such as furfural per ton and vinegar dilute H by addition 1mol/L2SO4 It is 2 that 413.345L carries out soaking regulation to acidity, meets the improvement of facility alkalescence condition soil in various degree.
Further, the using method of this basic soil conditioner is: be applied directly to before raise crop in soil, Use this soil conditioner and no longer use any base fertilizer.
Basic soil conditioner that the present invention provides and preparation method thereof, for natural organic waste raw material, composition For vinegar, furfural dregs, rice husk, corn straw and soybean cake, material is all the agricultural wastes being easy to get, and becomes This is relatively low, simultaneously relatively low to the harmful effect degree of environment;Through rational mix and match, utilize soybean cake In nitrogen originate as plant basis nitrogenous fertilizer, by modifying agent acid-base value, improve setting of different soda acid degree Execute continuous cropping soil, while the physicochemical property of soil is improved, it is possible to supplement soil beneficial functions bacterium Group's quantity, improves soil microflora balance;Before administration, after carried out long data tracking, Show that the one-tenth subassembly that adjustment acidity is 2 is optimum.
The advantage that the present invention compared with prior art exists:
1, utilize furfural and vinegar as the main carriers material of conditioner, it is achieved that existing agriculture waste resource Recycling, decrease environmental pollution;Utilize the acidity of carrier self, rich in organic characteristic, can have Effect ground regulation and control soil acid-base environment, improves soil quality;Wherein acidity is relatively without the soil of modifying agent, Acidity pH=2 becomes packet maximum, wherein to the acid-base value regulating degree of basic soil with the modifying agent of pH=1 PH=2 becomes packet that from average 8.28, soil acidity or alkalinity is reduced to 7.88, and the range of decrease is 5.8%, acidity pH=1 Becoming packet that from average 8.28, soil acidity or alkalinity is reduced to 7.60, reduction amplitude is 8.2%;Soil microorganism phase Processing without modifying agent, antibacterial respectively organizes rate of increase all between 128.5%~142.9%, fungus aspect pH=2 Becoming packet rate of increase to reach 69.2%, actinomycetes aspect is respectively organized and has all relatively been reduced, wherein in three kinds of microorganisms PH=2 becomes the repeatability of packet preferably.
2, utilize rice husk and corn straw, be remarkably improved soil organic matter content, improve soil physical and chemical property, Improve soil permeability, improve crop root growth environment, promote healthy growth of crops;Yield aspect, phase For without modifying agent group, acidity is that pH=2 becomes packet average product amplification to be 327%, relatively increases production the The pH=1 of two becomes 166.2% units increased in production of packet to exceed 160.8 percentage points;Thick each group of plant growing way aspect stem Increasing the most inconspicuous, all between 4~5.5mm, plant height has significantly relative to without modifying agent group Increasing, in addition to pH=1 becomes packeting average and increases 82.5cm, remaining increases all between 60~70cm, increases Rate has been above 124.3%, but pH=2 becomes the growing way of packet relatively averagely from the point of view of repeatability, reproducible.
3, utilize soybean cake to substitute using of chemistry nitrogen base fertilizer, the throwing of soil chemistry nitrogen manure can be significantly reduced Enter, regulate and control soil nitrogen balance, improve soil organic matter content, coordinate soil carbon-nitrogen cyclings, improve soil Quality;
4, utilize biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion function bacterium bacillus subtilis, can effectively reduce pathogenic microorganism quantity, equalize soil Microbiota, builds good root district environment, improves crop disease-resistant insect resistance capacity, generation in regulation plant Thank to circulation, promote crop healthy development, improve soil productivity;
5, utilize the acid-base value of diluted acid regulation conditioner, meet the improvement of different degree of alkalinity soil in protected field, real The sustainable efficient utilization of existing soil in protected field.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the preparation method flow chart of the basic soil conditioner that the embodiment of the present invention provides.
Detailed description of the invention
In order to make the purpose of the present invention, technical scheme and advantage clearer, below in conjunction with embodiment, The present invention is further elaborated.Should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein is only in order to solve Release the present invention, be not intended to limit the present invention.
The present invention is using the furfural of self acid speciality and vinegar as the main carriers material of conditioner;By adding Add and regulate and control soil physical property rich in organic rice husk with corn straw;By adding soybean cake, substitute chemistry Using of nitrogen base fertilizer, improves the soil organism, regulates and controls soil carbon-nitrogen cyclings;By adding function bacterium hay Bacillus cereus, reduces pathogenic microorganism quantity, the microorganism species in equilibrium soil, builds good soil Flora environment, regulation plant intracellular metabolite circulation, improves the ability of plant disease and pest resistance, promotes crop Healthy development;By the acid-base value of diluted acid regulation conditioner, for facility basic soil in various degree, use Different acid conditioners, are effectively improved soil acid-base environment, heighten Microorganism Characteristics, and beneficially soil is supported The metabolic cycles divided, it is achieved the sustainable efficient utilization of soil in protected field.
Current this basic soil conditioner is using discarded furfural and vinegar as the main carriers of soil conditioner Material, this garbage self, rich in organic matter, is acid material, can effectively adjust the facility of alkalescence Soil, can realize the efficient utilization of waste resource, reduce its pollution to ecological environment.
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and the application principle of the present invention is further described by specific embodiment.
The component of the basic soil conditioner of the embodiment of the present invention is: furfural, vinegar, rice husk, corn straw, Soybean cake, function bacterium bacillus subtilis;
On the basis of the content of furfural and vinegar, it is 1 according to the proportionate relationship of each component of quality: 1∶1∶5.333∶0.377∶1.456∶0.001。
The preparation method of a kind of basic soil conditioner, the preparation method of this basic soil conditioner includes following Step:
Step one, presses the mass mixings such as each 500kg/ mu by furfural and vinegar, measures carrier material after mixing Acid-base value is 5.4;
Step 2, adds corn straw, rice husk in above-mentioned carrier material, and corn straw addition is 188.676 / kg mu, rice husk addition is 2666.8kg/ mu;
Step 3, adds soybean cake on the basis of above-mentioned material, and usage amount is 728.0364kg/ mu;
Step 4, on the basis of above-mentioned material, adds biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion function bacterium bacillus subtilis, and every mu is added 0.5 Kg, every gram of viable count is 100,000,000,000;
Step 5, furfural and vinegar equal amount of mixture are according to the H of addition 1mol/L per ton2SO4413.345L enter It is 2 that row soaks regulation to acidity, above-mentioned composite soil conditioner acid-base value, meets facility alkalescence bar in various degree The improvement of part soil.
The using method of this basic soil conditioner is: is applied directly to before raise crop in soil, uses this Soil conditioner no longer uses any base fertilizer.
As it is shown in figure 1, the preparation method of the basic soil conditioner of the embodiment of the present invention comprises the following steps:
S101: by the mass mixing such as furfural and vinegar, measure the acid-base value of carrier material after mixing;
S102: adding corn straw, rice husk in above-mentioned carrier material, corn straw addition is 188.676 Kg/ mu, rice husk addition is 2666.8kg/ mu;
S103: adding soybean cake on the basis of above-mentioned material, substitute the use of chemistry nitrogen base fertilizer, usage amount is 728.0364kg/ mu;
S104: on the basis of above-mentioned material, adds biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion function bacterium bacillus subtilis, and every mu is added 0.5kg, Every gram of viable count is 100,000,000,000;
S105: regulate above-mentioned composite soil conditioner acid-base value by diluted acid, meets facility alkalescence in various degree The improvement of condition soil, it is achieved the sustainable use of soil in protected field.
The present invention with the addition of rice husk and corn straw adjuvant materials, and two kinds of material contents of organic matter are high, and fiber contains Amount height, after adding soil to, can be effectively improved soil physical and chemical property by organic material decomposition, increase soil Porosity, reduces the soil weight, improves soil permeability, improves crop root growth environment, increases root system Dissolved oxygen amount, promote crop healthy growth.
The present invention adds soybean cake on the basis of above-mentioned material again, with soybean cake as organic base fertilizer, substitutes chemical nitrogen Fertilizer, can reduce soil chemistry fertilizers input, reduces Soil Nitrogen accumulation, equalizes soil nutrient, and be provided with Machine matter, regulates and controls soil carbon-nitrogen cyclings, improves crop quality, improves soil.
The present invention is on the basis of above-mentioned interpolation material, then adds function bacterium bacillus subtilis, hay spore The addition of bacillus can effectively prevention and control soil-borne disease, reduce soil harmful microorganism quantity, micro-life in balanced soil Thing fauna, builds good root district environment for plant strain growth, promotes that crop photosynthesis strengthens, regulates plant Internal metabolism circulates, and improves the ability of plant disease and pest resistance, promotes the healthy development of crop.
The present invention, on the basis of above-mentioned material adds, adjusts the acid-base value of conditioner by diluted acid, to meet The improvement purpose of different basic soils, reaches effectively to reduce surface soil alkalinity, builds the good of suitable for crop growth Soil acid-base environment, form the soil conditioning that disclosure satisfy that under the conditions of the acid-base value that protected crop efficiently utilizes Agent.
The present invention can realize the efficient utilization of waste resource, it is achieved being effectively improved of soil physical property, reduces Agriculture chemistry nitrogen manure puts into, and reduces Nitrogen Accumulation, a great number of elements and microorganism element in regulation and control soil Balance, improves the soil in protected field of different degree of alkalinity, improves crop photosynthesis characteristic, promote healthy growth of crops With growth, improve soil productivity, it is achieved the lasting highly effective and safe of facility basic soil produces.
The foregoing is only presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, not in order to limit the present invention, all at this Any amendment, equivalent and the improvement etc. made within bright spirit and principle, should be included in the present invention Protection domain within.

Claims (3)

1. a basic soil conditioner, it is characterised in that the component of described basic soil conditioner is: bran Aldehyde, vinegar, rice husk, corn straw, soybean cake, function bacterium bacillus subtilis;
On the basis of the content of furfural and vinegar, it is 1 according to the proportionate relationship of each component of quality: 1∶1∶5.333∶0.377∶1.456∶0.001。
2. the preparation method of a basic soil conditioner, it is characterised in that described basic soil conditioner Preparation method comprises the following steps:
Step one, presses the mass mixings such as each 500kg/ mu by furfural and vinegar, measures carrier material after mixing Acid-base value is 5.4;
Step 2, adds corn straw, rice husk in above-mentioned carrier material, and corn straw addition is 188.676 Kg/ mu, rice husk addition is 2666.8kg/ mu;
Step 3, adds soybean cake on the basis of above-mentioned material, and usage amount is 728.036kg/ mu;
Step 4, on the basis of above-mentioned material, adds biological and ecological methods to prevent plant disease, pests, and erosion function bacterium bacillus subtilis, and every mu is added 0.5 Kg, every gram of viable count is 100,000,000,000;
Step 5, furfural per ton and vinegar equal amount of mixture are by adding the H of 1mol/L2SO4413.345L enter Row soaks, and regulation to acidity is 2.
3. the preparation method of basic soil conditioner as claimed in claim 2, it is characterised in that described alkali The using method of property soil conditioner is: be applied directly in soil before raise crop.
CN201610191776.5A 2016-03-24 2016-03-24 Alkaline soil conditioner and preparation method thereof Pending CN105906455A (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107189790A (en) * 2017-07-25 2017-09-22 舒城县舒茶九六茶场 A kind of alkaline soil improver
CN110183280A (en) * 2019-06-04 2019-08-30 南京农业大学 One kind is for improveing soil acidification and saliferous soil conditioner
CN111138225A (en) * 2020-01-14 2020-05-12 肖免 Soil nutrition conditioner and preparation method and application thereof
CN114885775A (en) * 2022-06-02 2022-08-12 贵州师范大学 Method for relieving tartary buckwheat continuous cropping obstacle and application thereof

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107189790A (en) * 2017-07-25 2017-09-22 舒城县舒茶九六茶场 A kind of alkaline soil improver
CN110183280A (en) * 2019-06-04 2019-08-30 南京农业大学 One kind is for improveing soil acidification and saliferous soil conditioner
CN111138225A (en) * 2020-01-14 2020-05-12 肖免 Soil nutrition conditioner and preparation method and application thereof
CN114885775A (en) * 2022-06-02 2022-08-12 贵州师范大学 Method for relieving tartary buckwheat continuous cropping obstacle and application thereof

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Application publication date: 20160831