CN105900589B

CN105900589B - Yam harvester

Info

Publication number: CN105900589B
Application number: CN201610019952.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 孙建兴
Original assignee: Lixian First Seeding Machinery Factory
Current assignee: Lixian First Seeding Machinery Factory
Priority date: 2016-01-13
Filing date: 2016-01-13
Publication date: 2023-01-31
Anticipated expiration: 2036-01-13
Also published as: CN105900589A

Abstract

The invention discloses a dioscorea opposita harvester which comprises a vehicle body, wherein a vertical support column is fixed on the vehicle body, a lifting support is arranged on the vertical support column, and a soil overturning and vibrating system, a ditching system and a soil conveying belt are respectively arranged on the lifting support. The device realizes mechanized quick batch harvesting of dioscorea opposita, has high yield, reduces labor intensity and saves production cost.

Description

Yam harvester

Technical Field

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to a dioscorea opposita harvester.

Background

The dioscorea opposita is rich in various vitamins, amino acids, calcium, zinc and other trace elements, particularly the selenium content is dozens of times of that of similar products, the protein content of the dioscorea opposita is up to 1.5 percent, the sugar content of the dioscorea opposita is lower than 15 percent, and the dioscorea opposita is a high-nutrition food and is also frequently used as a medicine. The tuber of dioscorea opposita is long cylindrical, grows vertically, can reach more than 1 m in length, and is brittle and easy to break. The dioscorea opposita is buried in the soil deeply, an ideal harvester is not available at present to achieve mechanical dioscorea opposita harvesting, and manual harvesting is mainly used in many places, so that labor intensity load is brought to farmers, production cost is increased, manual operation is easy to break the dioscorea opposita, and value of the dioscorea opposita is damaged.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a dioscorea opposita harvester, which realizes mechanized rapid batch harvesting of dioscorea opposita, has high yield, reduces labor intensity and saves production cost.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

a yam harvester comprises a vehicle body and is characterized in that a vertical supporting column is fixed on the vehicle body, a lifting support is arranged on the vertical supporting column, a soil overturning system, a ditching system and a soil conveying belt are respectively arranged on the lifting support, the soil overturning system comprises two overturning plankers, a planker shaft penetrates through shaft holes in the two overturning plankers and is connected with a first group of connecting arms at two ends, the two overturning plankers are respectively and rotatably arranged on a second group of connecting arms, the first group of connecting arms are fixed with a first rotating shaft on the lifting support, an overturning rotating shaft is arranged on the first rotating shaft or the first group of connecting arms, two ends of the overturning rotating shaft are respectively and rotatably connected with the second group of connecting arms through eccentric shafts, and the first rotating shaft and the overturning rotating shaft are respectively connected with a power system; the ditching system comprises a second rotating shaft arranged on a lifting support, the second rotating shaft is connected with a power system, a first chain wheel and a second chain wheel are mounted on the second rotating shaft, a first supporting rod is mounted below the first chain wheel, a second supporting rod is mounted below the second chain wheel, a third chain wheel is mounted at one end of the first supporting rod, a fourth chain wheel is mounted at one end of the second supporting rod, a first chain is mounted on the first chain wheel and the third chain wheel, a first blade group is distributed on the first chain, a second chain is mounted on the second chain wheel and the fourth chain wheel, a second blade group is distributed on the second chain, and the two overturning plankers are opposite to a gap between the first chain and the second chain.

Furthermore, a cover body is arranged on the lifting support and is positioned above the first chain wheel, the second chain wheel and the soil conveying belt, and the overturning vibration planker forms an inclined included angle with the horizontal direction.

Furthermore, the two vibration overturning plankers are formed by connecting an upper planker and a lower planker, a shaft hole in each vibration overturning planker is formed in the joint of the upper planker and the lower planker, a soil passing gap is reserved between the two lower plankers, a fifth chain wheel is further mounted on the second rotating shaft and located between the first chain wheel and the second chain wheel, a third supporting rod is mounted below the fifth chain wheel, a sixth chain wheel is mounted at one end of the third supporting rod, a third chain is mounted on the fifth chain wheel and the sixth chain wheel, and third blade sets are distributed on the third chain.

Furthermore, a horizontal soil breaker is arranged between two connecting arms of the second group of connecting arms, a vertical soil breaker is arranged on the inner sides of the two connecting arms, and supporting wheels are arranged on two sides of the lifting support.

Furthermore, the lifting support spans the vertical support column through a lifting chain and is connected with a lifting hydraulic cylinder. The running gear of the vehicle body is preferably a crawler belt. A push shovel can be arranged on the vehicle body.

The power system comprises an engine of the vehicle body and stretching hydraulic cylinders located on two sides of the lifting support, the power of the engine is transmitted to the second rotating shaft through the gearbox and the universal joint, the second rotating shaft is transmitted to the hydraulic pump through a chain from the other end, the hydraulic pump drives the hydraulic motor, an output chain wheel of the hydraulic motor is connected with a chain wheel on the overturning rotating shaft through the chain, and the stretching hydraulic cylinders on two sides of the lifting support are connected with two ends of the first rotating shaft through rotating force arms respectively.

The ditching system has the advantages that the ditching system can dig deep ditches on two sides of two rows of Chinese yams by utilizing the first blade group and the second blade group under the driving of the corresponding chains, the third blade group can dig ditches and break soil in the middle of the two rows of Chinese yams, the overturning and vibrating planker of the soil overturning and vibrating system can dig and vibrate soil deeply under the Chinese yams, the Chinese yams move upwards along the overturning and vibrating planker to stretch out of the ground at the same time, only manual picking is needed, the whole process is easy, fast and convenient, the breakage rate of the Chinese yams is low, the production cost is reduced, and the labor intensity of workers is reduced.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the structure of the vehicle body and the stand according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a first angle of the structure of each part of the liftable bracket (without a cover);

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a second angle of each part structure on the lifting bracket (without a cover);

FIG. 4 is a third angle schematic diagram (with a cover) of the structure of each part on the lifting support;

fig. 5 is a schematic view of the structure of the rolling vibration planker.

Detailed Description

The invention is further described with reference to the accompanying drawings:

as shown in fig. 1 to 5, the dioscorea opposita harvester is provided with a vehicle body 1, wherein the vehicle body 1 is provided with a crawler walking mechanism 2, the width of two lines of dioscorea opposita can be accommodated between the two crawlers, a push shovel 3 is arranged in front of the crawler walking mechanism, and the push shovel 3 is used for leveling the land. The vehicle body 1 is provided with an engine 4, the engine 4 is connected with a gearbox 5, and the gearbox 5 is connected with a universal joint 6 and used for outputting power backwards. Two parallel vertical support columns 8 are arranged on a support 7 on the rear side of the vehicle body, a rectangular lifting support 90 is sleeved on the vertical support columns 8 through a sleeve, chains 9 and chains 10 are connected to two sides of the rectangular lifting support 90, the

chains

9 and 10 span a lifting hydraulic cylinder 11 and are fixed on the support 7, the lifting hydraulic cylinder moves upwards to push the

chains

9 and 10 to drive the lifting support 90 to ascend, and the lifting support can descend through reverse motion.

A soil overturning and vibrating system is arranged on the outer side of the lifting support 90 and comprises an overturning and vibrating planker 12 and an overturning and vibrating planker 13, the overturning and vibrating

plankers

12 and 13 are formed by connecting an upper planker 18 and a lower planker 19, a shaft hole 15 is reserved at the connecting position of the upper planker and the lower planker, the overturning and vibrating planker 12 and the overturning and vibrating planker 13 are placed side by side, and a planker shaft 14 penetrates through the two overturning and vibrating plankers through the shaft hole 15. A soil passing gap 20 is reserved between the two lower plankers. Two ends of the mop plate shaft 14 are connected with the lower ends of a connecting arm 16 and a connecting arm 17 in the first group of connecting arms, and the overturning and vibrating

mop plates

12 and 13 can rotate around the mop plate shaft 14. The outer sides of the two lower plankers are arranged in the lower end shaft holes of the connecting arm 21 and the connecting arm 22 of the second group of connecting arms through rotating shafts, and the two lower plankers can be driven by the second group of connecting arms to swing up and down, so that the whole overturning and vibrating planker rotates around the planker shaft 14. The soil below the dioscorea opposita is turned up and falls down from the soil passing gap 20 when the two shaking plankers turn over, and the dioscorea opposita above the soil is loosened and supported. The two overturning and vibrating plankers form inclined included angles with the horizontal direction, and in order to enhance the soil overturning effect, the two overturning and vibrating plankers can alternatively swing up and down, namely one overturning and vibrating planker swings up and down, and the other overturning and vibrating planker swings down. The connecting arm 16 and the connecting arm 17 of the first group of connecting arms are fixed on the first rotating shaft 23, the first rotating shaft 23 can drive the first group of connecting arms to lift or descend when rotating, the first rotating shaft 23 is mounted on a lifting support through a bearing, two ends of the first rotating shaft are connected with the stretching hydraulic cylinder 24 through a rotating force arm 91, and the stretching hydraulic cylinder 24 can drive the first rotating shaft 23 to rotate at a certain angle. A bearing is fixed on the first rotating shaft 23, a shake turning rotating shaft 25 is arranged on the bearing, and two ends of the shake turning rotating shaft are rotatably connected with the connecting arm 21 and the connecting arm 22 of the second group of connecting arms through eccentric shafts, namely, one ends of the two eccentric shafts are respectively arranged on shaft holes at the upper ends of the connecting arm 21 and the connecting arm 22. A sprocket 26 is provided in the middle of the shake rotating shaft 25, and the sprocket 26 is connected to a sprocket 28 of a hydraulic motor 27 via a chain 29. The rotation of the overturning and vibrating rotating shaft 25 can drive the second group of connecting arms to swing up and down, the directions of the eccentric shafts at the two ends are opposite, and the two connecting arms in the second group of connecting arms can swing up and down alternately, so that the overturning and vibrating planker can swing up and down alternately.

The middle part of the lifting support 90 is provided with a ditching system, the ditching system comprises a second rotating shaft 31 arranged on the lifting support 90, one end of the second rotating shaft 31 is connected with a gearbox through a universal joint 6 to obtain power, the other end of the second rotating shaft transmits the power to a hydraulic pump through a chain wheel and a chain, and the hydraulic pump drives a hydraulic motor 27 to drive the overturning rotating shaft to rotate. A first chain wheel 33 and a second chain wheel 34 are arranged on the second rotating shaft 31, a first supporting rod 35 and a second supporting rod 36 are further fixed downwards on a cross beam in the middle of the lifting support, the first supporting rod 35 and the second supporting rod 36 are respectively positioned below the first chain wheel 33 and the second chain wheel 34, a third chain wheel 37 is arranged at the lower end of the first supporting rod 35, a fourth chain wheel 38 is arranged at the lower end of the second supporting rod 36, a first chain 39 is arranged between the first chain wheel 33 and the third chain wheel 37, a second chain 40 is arranged between the second chain wheel 34 and the fourth chain wheel 38, a first blade group 41 uniformly distributed along the circumference of the chain is arranged on the first chain 39, a second blade group 42 uniformly distributed along the circumference of the chain is arranged on the second chain 40, when the lifting support 90 descends, the first blade group 41 and the second blade group 42 are in contact with the ground and continuously dig furrows, meanwhile, the dug soil is taken up, a gap is reserved between the first blade group 41 and the second blade group 42, two rows of Chinese yams are generally arranged below the gap, and the first blade group 41 and the second blade group 42 are distributed on two sides of Chinese yams. The overturning

plankers

12 and 13 are opposite to the gap between the first blade group 41 and the second blade group 42, and extend underground along with the rotation of the first rotating shaft in the working process until the overturning plankers penetrate below the dioscorea opposita, then overturning and overturning the dioscorea opposita and the surrounding soil to loosen and support the dioscorea opposita, and manually picking up the dioscorea opposita after the overturning plankers. In order to enhance the crushing degree of soil between two rows of dioscorea opposita, a fifth chain wheel 43 is further arranged on the second rotating shaft 31, the fifth chain wheel 43 is positioned between the first chain wheel 33 and the second chain wheel 34, a third supporting rod 44 is arranged below the fifth chain wheel 43, a sixth chain wheel 45 is arranged at one end of the third supporting rod, a third chain is arranged on the fifth chain wheel and the sixth chain wheel, and third blade sets 47 are distributed on the third chain. The third blade group can dig up and crush the soil between two rows of dioscorea opposita, so that the dioscorea opposita is easy to loosen.

The soil conveying belt 30 is further arranged on the lifting support 90, the soil conveying belt 30 is located in the plane of the lifting support, soil brought out by the first blade group 41, the second blade group 42 and the third blade group 47 falls on the soil conveying belt and is thrown out by the moving soil conveying belt, and proper throwing force can be selected, so that the soil just falls in ditches at two sides of other dug Chinese yams after being thrown out, and the ditch filling effect is achieved. The soil conveyer belt is internally provided with a soil conveyer belt power shaft 92 which is used for driving the soil conveyer belt to move, and the power of the soil conveyer belt power shaft 92 is obtained by the transmission of a second rotating shaft through a chain. A cover 93 (fig. 4) may be mounted over the first and second sprockets and the soil conveyor to prevent the excavated soil from splashing around and falling better onto the soil conveyor for delivery.

Two supporting wheels 50 are arranged on two sides of the lifting support 90, and when the lifting support descends, the supporting wheels 50 are in contact with the ground and move on the ground to support the lifting support.

In order to enhance the effect of breaking the soil and to expose the dioscorea opposita timely and thoroughly from the loosened soil, a horizontal ground breaker 51 may be installed between the two connecting arms of the second set of connecting arms, and a vertical ground breaker 52 may be installed inside the two connecting arms. The horizontal soil breaker 51 rotates around a horizontal shaft through a middle shaft cylinder 53, metal rod bodies 54 are distributed on the middle shaft cylinder in a launching shape, the crushing effect on soil is enhanced through rotation when the horizontal soil breaker is in contact with the ground, and the dioscorea opposita can be exposed out of the soil more easily. The vertical soil breaker 52 is arranged on the inner sides of the two connecting arms of the second group of connecting arms through a central shaft, rectangular steel wire frames radiate outwards from the central shaft, and the steel wire frames rotate along with the central shaft, so that the effect of breaking and turning over soil on the basis of the second group of connecting arms is achieved, and the dioscorea opposita can be easily exposed out of the soil.

The embodiment is only an illustration of the concept and implementation of the present invention, and is not a limitation, and technical solutions without substantial changes are still within the protection scope under the inventive concept.

Claims

1. A yam harvester comprises a vehicle body, and is characterized in that a vertical supporting column is fixed on the vehicle body, a lifting bracket is arranged on the vertical supporting column, a soil overturning system, a ditching system and a soil conveying belt are respectively arranged on the lifting bracket,

the soil overturning and vibrating system comprises two overturning and vibrating plankers, planker shafts penetrate through shaft holes in the two overturning and vibrating plankers and are connected with a first group of connecting arms at two ends, the two overturning and vibrating plankers are rotatably arranged on a second group of connecting arms respectively, the first group of connecting arms are fixed with a first rotating shaft on a lifting support, the overturning and vibrating rotating shaft is arranged on the first rotating shaft or the first group of connecting arms, two ends of the overturning and vibrating rotating shaft are rotatably connected with a second group of connecting arms through eccentric shafts respectively, and the first rotating shaft and the overturning and vibrating rotating shaft are connected with a power system respectively;

the ditching system comprises a second rotating shaft arranged on a lifting support, the second rotating shaft is connected with a power system, a first chain wheel and a second chain wheel are arranged on the second rotating shaft, a first supporting rod is arranged below the first chain wheel, a second supporting rod is arranged below the second chain wheel, a third chain wheel is arranged at one end of the first supporting rod, a fourth chain wheel is arranged at one end of the second supporting rod, a first chain is arranged on the first chain wheel and the third chain wheel, a first blade group is distributed on the first chain, a second chain is arranged on the second chain wheel and the fourth chain wheel, a second blade group is distributed on the second chain, and the two overturning plankers are opposite to a gap between the first chain and the second chain;

and a soil conveying belt power shaft is arranged in the soil conveying belt and used for driving the soil conveying belt to move, and the power of the soil conveying belt power shaft is obtained by the transmission of a second rotating shaft through a chain.

2. The yam harvester of claim 1, wherein a cover is mounted on the lifting support, the cover is positioned above the first chain wheel, the second chain wheel and the soil conveyor belt, and the vibration planker forms an inclined angle with the horizontal direction.

3. The yam harvester of claim 2, wherein the two vibration plankers are formed by connecting an upper planker and a lower planker, a shaft hole on the vibration planker is formed at the joint of the upper planker and the lower planker, a soil passing gap is reserved between the two lower plankers, a fifth chain wheel is further mounted on the second rotating shaft and positioned between the first chain wheel and the second chain wheel, a third supporting rod is mounted below the fifth chain wheel, a sixth chain wheel is mounted at one end of the third supporting rod, a third chain is mounted on the fifth chain wheel and the sixth chain wheel, and a third blade group is distributed on the third chain.

4. The dioscorea opposita harvester according to claim 3, wherein a horizontal ground breaker is arranged between the two connecting arms of the second group of connecting arms, a vertical ground breaker is arranged on the inner side of the two connecting arms, and supporting wheels are arranged on two sides of the lifting support.

5. The yam harvester of claim 1, 2, 3 or 4, wherein the lifting bracket is connected to a hydraulic lifting cylinder by a lifting chain across the vertical support column.

6. The dioscorea opposita harvester of claim 5, wherein the travelling mechanism of the vehicle body is a crawler belt.

7. The dioscorea opposita harvester of claim 6, wherein a push shovel is arranged on the vehicle body.

8. The dioscorea opposita harvester according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 or 7, wherein the power system comprises an engine of the vehicle body and stretching hydraulic cylinders located on two sides of the liftable support, the power of the engine is transmitted to the second rotating shaft through a gearbox and a universal joint, the second rotating shaft is transmitted to the hydraulic pump through a chain from the other end, the hydraulic pump drives the hydraulic motor, an output chain wheel of the hydraulic motor is connected with a chain wheel on the overturning and vibrating rotating shaft through a chain, and the stretching hydraulic cylinders on two sides of the liftable support are respectively connected with two ends of the first rotating shaft through rotating force arms.

9. The yam harvester of claim 5, wherein the power system comprises an engine of the vehicle body and stretching hydraulic cylinders located on both sides of the lifting frame, the power of the engine is transmitted to the second rotating shaft through a gearbox and a universal joint, the second rotating shaft is transmitted to the hydraulic pump from the other end through a chain, the hydraulic pump drives a hydraulic motor, an output chain wheel of the hydraulic motor is connected with a chain wheel on the overturning rotating shaft through the chain, and the stretching hydraulic cylinders on both sides of the lifting frame are respectively connected with both ends of the first rotating shaft through rotating force arms.