CN105882053A - 汽车用多层吸声隔音复合材料 - Google Patents

汽车用多层吸声隔音复合材料 Download PDF

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CN105882053A
CN105882053A CN201610267089.7A CN201610267089A CN105882053A CN 105882053 A CN105882053 A CN 105882053A CN 201610267089 A CN201610267089 A CN 201610267089A CN 105882053 A CN105882053 A CN 105882053A
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钟静清
韦晗
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Liuzhou Shentong Automobile Technology Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及汽车隔音材料，具体说是汽车用多层吸声隔音复合材料，其由三层组成，中间层为苎麻胚布，一侧面层为丁腈橡胶层，另一侧面层为热塑性树脂层，两侧面层通过粘结剂与中间层粘合，丁腈橡胶层中添加有蛭石粉、偶联剂、交联剂和抗氧剂；热塑性树脂层采用乙烯‑醋酸乙烯酯共聚物，其中添加有四针状氧化锌晶须、纳米二氧化硅、碳酸钙、偶联剂、交联剂和抗氧剂。本发明的隔音材料采用丁腈橡胶，以蛭石粉为填料，可达到较好的吸声效果；同时，采用中间层为纯麻胚布、一侧面层为丁腈橡胶层、另一侧面为热塑性树脂层的三层，大大提高了隔音效果。

Description

汽车用多层吸声隔音复合材料
技术领域
本发明涉及汽车用隔音材料。
背景技术
随着人类的进步，科学的发达，噪音污染已经成为不可忽视的问题。吸收噪音，降低噪音污染已经关系到人类社会协调发展的重要课题。随着研究的深入，各种各样的吸收声波的材料随之产生。其隔音原理都是利用当声波通过某种物体时，该物体能够吸收、反射削弱以至隔断声波的继续传播，从而达到隔音的效果。随着汽车工业的发展，对隔音材料的隔音性能、耐热性、力学性能的要求越来越高，以往材料也越来越难以满足要求。
传统配方的汽车隔音材料的隔音层中的各种热塑性树脂分子之间结合不够紧密，且热塑性树脂与填料之间界面结合差，不够密实，难以达到理想的隔音效果，且由于添加了大量无机填料，增大了材料重量，与汽车轻量化的趋势相背离。
发明内容
针对上述技术问题，本发明提供一种隔音、吸声效果较好的吸声隔音复合材料。
本发明采用的技术方案为：汽车用多层吸声隔音复合材料，其由三层组成，中间层为苎麻胚布，一侧面层为丁腈橡胶层，另一侧面层为热塑性树脂层，两侧面层通过粘结剂与中间层粘合，丁腈橡胶层中添加有蛭石粉、偶联剂、交联剂和抗氧剂；热塑性树脂层采用乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物，其中添加有四针状氧化锌晶须、纳米二氧化硅、碳酸钙、偶联剂、交联剂和抗氧剂。
作为优选，所述丁腈橡胶层按照55—65份丁腈橡胶、30—40份蛭石粉、1—2份偶联剂、1—2份交联剂和0.5—1份抗氧剂的质量分数组成。
作为优选，所述热塑性树脂层按照90—100份乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物、2—6份四针状氧化锌晶须、0.5—2.5份纳米二氧化硅、0.5—3.5份碳酸钙、1—2份偶联剂、1—2份交联剂、0.5—1份抗氧剂的质量分数组成。
作为优选，所述四针状氧化锌晶须的表观密度为0.1—0.3 g / cm3。
作为优选，所述蛭石粉的粒度为10—30目。
作为优选，两侧面层的偶联剂均采用氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷、乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷或乙二胺丙基甲基二甲氧基硅烷。
作为优选，两侧面层的交联剂均采用过氧化硬脂酰、过氧化对氯苯甲酰或过氧化二异丙苯。
作为优选，两侧面层的抗氧剂均采用2，6-三级丁基-4-甲基苯酚。
作为优选，所述粘结剂为胶水。
作为优选，所述纳米二氧化硅的粒径为40—80nm，比表面积为150—200m2/g。
从以上技术方案可知，本发明的隔音材料采用丁腈橡胶，以蛭石粉为填料，可达到较好的吸声效果；同时，采用中间层为纯麻胚布、一侧面层为丁腈橡胶层、另一侧面为热塑性树脂层的三层，大大提高了隔音效果。
具体实施方式
下面将详细说明本发明，在此本发明的示意性实施例以及说明用来解释本发明，但并不作为对本发明的限定。
汽车用多层吸声隔音复合材料，其由三层组成，中间层为苎麻胚布，一侧面层为丁腈橡胶层，另一侧面层为热塑性树脂层，两侧面层通过粘结剂与中间层粘合，丁腈橡胶层中添加有蛭石粉、偶联剂、交联剂和抗氧剂；热塑性树脂层采用乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物，其中添加有四针状氧化锌晶须、纳米二氧化硅、碳酸钙、偶联剂、交联剂和抗氧剂。苎麻胚布中的苎麻纤维的表面结构可发挥良好的消耗声波能量的作用。苎麻纤维胞腔有一部分中空，一部分边缘附着细胞质。苎麻纤维胞壁上具有单纹孔，其与***纤维细胞或胞壁细胞相通。胞腔和纤维细胞壁一样呈椭圆、多边形和不规则形状，当声波从侧面层穿出进入苎麻胚布时，声波在纤维内部及织物间隙中被多次反射、吸收及在同纤维之间摩擦，使得声波能量大大损耗，吸声性能大大加强。本发明的粘结剂采用胶水，其主要成分PVAL粘结性能好。在压力作用下，胶水有一定的渗透性，能够与苎麻织物很好的粘合，但不能完全渗透苎麻织物，从而使得苎麻纤维之间存在间隙，当声波进入时，须消耗一部分能量，从而进一步提高吸声性能。
作为优选，丁腈橡胶层按照55—65份丁腈橡胶、30—40份蛭石粉、1—2份偶联剂、1—2份交联剂和0.5—1份抗氧剂的质量分数组成；其中丁腈橡胶具有耐油、耐苯、耐老化等性能且当受外力作用时，可产生能量损耗，是各种频率下的优良吸声基材；四针状氧化锌晶须密度高，比重达5.8，可吸收声振动，并转换为热能，使材料具有吸声功能，从而达到隔音效果，本发明的四针状氧化锌晶须的表观密度为0.1—0.3 g / cm3，可达到最佳的隔音效果；蛭石粉作为起泡性填料，可使材料声速显著下降，衰减常数明显增加，可达到较好的吸声效果；且蛭石粉密度小、价格低廉，使用的粒度为10—30目时，不仅起到填充作用，而且可形成空气层，吸声效果最佳。
热塑性树脂层按照90—100份乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物、2—6份四针状氧化锌晶须、0.5—2.5份纳米二氧化硅、0.5—3.5份碳酸钙、1—2份偶联剂、1—2份交联剂、0.5—1份抗氧剂的质量分数组成；其中乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物中醋酸乙烯酯的含量为30—40wt%，使得共聚物的快速粘结性能较好；且共聚物不含溶剂，不污染环境，安全性较高；四针状氧化锌晶须密度高，比重达5.8，可吸收声振动，并转换为热能，使材料具有吸声功能，从而达到隔音效果，本发明的四针状氧化锌晶须的表观密度为0.1—0.3 g / cm3，可达到最佳的隔音效果。
本发明的填料还采用纳米二氧化硅，纳米二氧化硅具有多孔性，高分散性，质轻，化学稳定性较好，其与乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物具有良好的相容性和界面结合强度。本发明采用0.5—2.5份纳米二氧化硅，其粒径为40—80nm，比表面积为150—200m2/g，其与四针状氧化锌晶须混合，可提升隔音效果。本发明的填料还含有0.5—3.5份碳酸钙，其平均粒径为20—30nm，碳酸钙能与乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物发生反应，从而使乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物与填料之间具有良好的相容性。
偶联剂可降低乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物的粘度，改善四针状氧化锌晶须的分散度以提高加工性能，进而使制备的材料获得良好的表面质量及机械性能等；本发明的偶联剂采用氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷、乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷或乙二胺丙基甲基二甲氧基硅烷；交联剂的含量无需过高，只需其能使热塑性树脂充分固化交联即可，本发明采用过氧化硬脂酰、过氧化对氯苯甲酰或过氧化二异丙苯，可获得更好的效果；抗氧剂采用2，6-三级丁基-4-甲基苯酚，其具有高的抗氧化能力，与丁腈橡胶的相容性好，不析出，不会污染产品。
实施例1
按质量分数将1份氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷和30份蛭石粉混合，其中蛭石粉的粒度为10目，四针状氧化锌晶须的表观密度为0.1 g / cm3；再加入55份丁腈橡胶、1份过氧化硬脂酰和0.5份2，6-三级丁基-4-甲基苯酚，并混合均匀；然后用螺杆挤出机进行挤出、造粒，挤出机的工作温度保持80℃；接着将上述粒料用模具置于硫化机上制成膜片；最后将膜片在温度为130℃、真空度为 -0.1MPa的条件下真空热压25min，制成6mm厚的丁腈橡胶层隔音片材。
按质量分数将1份氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷、2份四针状氧化锌晶须、0.5份纳米二氧化硅和0.5份碳酸钙混合，其中四针状氧化锌晶须的表观密度为0.1 g / cm3，纳米二氧化硅的粒径为40nm，比表面积为150m2/g，碳酸钙的平均粒径为20nm；再加入90份乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物、1份过氧化硬脂酰和0.5份2，6-三级丁基-4-甲基苯酚，并混合均匀；然后用螺杆挤出机进行挤出、造粒，挤出机的工作温度保持80℃；接着将上述粒料用模具置于硫化机上制成膜片；最后将膜片在温度为130℃、真空度为 -0.1MPa的条件下真空热压25min，制成2mm厚的热塑性树脂层隔音片材。
将上述丁腈橡胶层隔音片材和热塑性树脂层隔音片材作为两侧面层与中间层苎麻胚布用胶水粘合，得到三层复合材料。经检测，该三层复合材料在2000—2500Hz的频率范围内的隔声量达46.5dB，在1000—1500Hz的频率范围内的吸声系数达0.42。
实施例2
按质量分数将2份乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷和35份蛭石粉混合，其中蛭石粉的粒度为20目，四针状氧化锌晶须的表观密度为0.2 g / cm3；再加入60份丁腈橡胶、1份过过氧化对氯苯甲酰和0.5份2，6-三级丁基-4-甲基苯酚，并混合均匀；然后用螺杆挤出机进行挤出、造粒，挤出机的工作温度保持90℃；接着将上述粒料用模具置于硫化机上制成膜片；最后将膜片在温度为140℃、真空度为 -0.1MPa的条件下真空热压20min，制成6mm厚的丁腈橡胶层隔音片材。
按质量分数将2份乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷、6份四针状氧化锌晶须、1份纳米二氧化硅和0.5份碳酸钙混合，其中四针状氧化锌晶须的表观密度为0.2 g / cm3，纳米二氧化硅的粒径为60nm，比表面积为180m2/g，碳酸钙的平均粒径为25nm；再加入95份乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物、1份过过氧化对氯苯甲酰和0.5份2，6-三级丁基-4-甲基苯酚，并混合均匀；然后用螺杆挤出机进行挤出、造粒，挤出机的工作温度保持90℃；接着将上述粒料用模具置于硫化机上制成膜片；最后将膜片在温度为140℃、真空度为 -0.1MPa的条件下真空热压20min，制成2mm厚的热塑性树脂层隔音片材。
将上述丁腈橡胶层隔音片材和热塑性树脂层隔音片材作为两侧面层与中间层苎麻胚布用胶水粘合，得到三层复合材料。经检测，该三层复合材料在2000—2500Hz的频率范围内的隔声量达51.8dB，在1000—1500Hz的频率范围内的吸声系数达0.44。
实施例3
按质量分数将2份乙二胺丙基甲基二甲氧基硅烷和40份蛭石粉混合，其中蛭石粉的粒度为30目，四针状氧化锌晶须的表观密度为0.3 g / cm3；再加入65份丁腈橡胶、2份过氧化二异丙苯和1份2，6-三级丁基-4-甲基苯酚，并混合均匀；然后用螺杆挤出机进行挤出、造粒，挤出机的工作温度保持100℃；接着将上述粒料用模具置于硫化机上制成膜片；最后将膜片在温度为150℃、真空度为 -0.1MPa的条件下真空热压15min，制成6mm厚的丁腈橡胶层隔音片材。
按质量分数将2份乙二胺丙基甲基二甲氧基硅烷、4份四针状氧化锌晶须、2.5份纳米二氧化硅和3.5份碳酸钙混合，其中四针状氧化锌晶须的表观密度为0.3 g / cm3，纳米二氧化硅的粒径为80nm，比表面积为200m2/g，碳酸钙的平均粒径为30nm；再加入100份乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物、2份过氧化二异丙苯和1份2，6-三级丁基-4-甲基苯酚，并混合均匀；然后用螺杆挤出机进行挤出、造粒，挤出机的工作温度保持100℃；接着将上述粒料用模具置于硫化机上制成膜片；最后将膜片在温度为150℃、真空度为 -0.1MPa的条件下真空热压15min，制成2mm厚的热塑性树脂层隔音片材。
将上述丁腈橡胶层隔音片材和热塑性树脂层隔音片材作为两侧面层与中间层苎麻胚布用胶水粘合，得到三层复合材料。经检测，该三层复合材料在2000—2500Hz的频率范围内的隔声量达46.9dB，在1000—1500Hz的频率范围内的吸声系数达0.45。
以上对本发明实施例所提供的技术方案进行了详细介绍，本文中应用了具体个例对本发明实施例的原理以及实施方式进行了阐述，以上实施例的说明只适用于帮助理解本发明实施例的原理；同时，对于本领域的一般技术人员，依据本发明实施例，在具体实施方式以及应用范围上均会有改变之处，综上所述，本说明书内容不应理解为对本发明的限制。

Claims (10)

1.汽车用多层吸声隔音复合材料，其由三层组成，中间层为苎麻胚布，一侧面层为丁腈橡胶层，另一侧面层为热塑性树脂层，两侧面层通过粘结剂与中间层粘合，丁腈橡胶层中添加有蛭石粉、偶联剂、交联剂和抗氧剂；热塑性树脂层采用乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物，其中添加有四针状氧化锌晶须、纳米二氧化硅、碳酸钙、偶联剂、交联剂和抗氧剂。
2.根据权利要求1所述吸声隔音复合材料，其特征在于：所述丁腈橡胶层按照55—65份丁腈橡胶、30—40份蛭石粉、1—2份偶联剂、1—2份交联剂和0.5—1份抗氧剂的质量分数组成。
3.根据权利要求1所述吸声隔音复合材料，其特征在于：所述热塑性树脂层按照90—100份乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物、2—6份四针状氧化锌晶须、0.5—2.5份纳米二氧化硅、0.5—3.5份碳酸钙、1—2份偶联剂、1—2份交联剂、0.5—1份抗氧剂的质量分数组成。
4.根据权利要求1所述吸声隔音复合材料，其特征在于：所述四针状氧化锌晶须的表观密度为0.1—0.3 g / cm3。
5.根据权利要求1所述吸声隔音复合材料，其特征在于：所述蛭石粉的粒度为10—30目。
6.根据权利要求1所述吸声隔音复合材料，其特征在于：两侧面层的偶联剂均采用氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷、乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷或乙二胺丙基甲基二甲氧基硅烷。
7.根据权利要求1所述吸声隔音复合材料，其特征在于：两侧面层的交联剂均采用过氧化硬脂酰、过氧化对氯苯甲酰或过氧化二异丙苯。
8.根据权利要求1所述吸声隔音复合材料，其特征在于：两侧面层的抗氧剂均采用2，6-三级丁基-4-甲基苯酚。
9.根据权利要求1所述吸声隔音复合材料，其特征在于：所述粘结剂为胶水。
10.根据权利要求1所述吸声隔音复合材料，其特征在于：所述纳米二氧化硅的粒径为40—80nm，比表面积为150—200m2/g。
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Application publication date: 20160824