CN105865675B - It is a kind of to correct the ultrasonic wave residual stress test method that phasor differentia influence is precipitated - Google Patents
It is a kind of to correct the ultrasonic wave residual stress test method that phasor differentia influence is precipitated Download PDFInfo
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- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L1/00—Measuring force or stress, in general
- G01L1/25—Measuring force or stress, in general using wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays, microwaves, neutrons
- G01L1/255—Measuring force or stress, in general using wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays, microwaves, neutrons using acoustic waves, or acoustic emission
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Abstract
The present invention proposes a kind of ultrasonic wave residual stress test method corrected and phasor differentia influence is precipitated, and belongs to the field of non destructive testing of welding residual stress.The test method is to initially set up that phasor and the longitudinal wave signal dough softening and critical refraction longitudinal wave propagation time, the relational database with sonoelastic coefficient in zero stress sample is precipitated；When carrying out residual stress test, first determine the longitudinal wave signal dough softening of test zone, it determines that phasor calculation value is precipitated further according to the dough softening, further the critical refraction longitudinal wave of calculating test zone propagation time and sonoelastic coefficient, residual stress after can finally being corrected in zero stress stretches sample.The test method can be corrected since phasor is precipitated to sonoelastic coefficient in welding different zones, the ultrasonic wave error that the propagation time generates in zero stress sample, be remarkably improved the precision of ultrasound residual stress.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of ultrasonic wave residual stress test methods for correcting precipitation phasor differentia influence, belong to welding
The field of non destructive testing of residual stress.
Background technology
Welding is that a kind of most important connection mode, welding quality decide welding product quality in industrial production, due to
Welding point destruction caused by welding residual stress is excessive is that most important welding destroys.The lossless inspection of residual stress of welding point
Survey has very important directive function to optimizing welding process in production practices.The lossless detection method of residual stress mainly has
Neutron diffraction method, synchrotron radiation method, magnetic particle method, X-ray diffraction method and ultrasonic Detection Method.Wherein, neutron diffraction method, synchronous spoke
Method equipment costliness is penetrated, testing cost is high, it is difficult to for on-line checking welding residual stress in production practices；Magnetic particle method residual stress
Test is only used for the test of Magnetic Measurement, less reproducible；X-ray can only test the test of residual stress tens microns
Thickness, treats that the surface quality requirements of test sample are higher, and the quality state on surface is subject to be affected.Supercritical ultrasonics technology is in recent years
Residual stress lossless detection method with fastest developing speed, having can be with the two dimensional weld residual stress in test depth direction, test speed
Spend the advantages that fast, radiationless, equipment is light, cost is relatively low.
Supercritical ultrasonics technology measurement remnant stress belongs to indirect measurement, and spread speed of the ultrasonic wave in test sample is treated is with treating test sample
In residual stress there is acoustic elasticity relation, i.e., ultrasonic wave in the spread speed in treating test sample and treat that the remnants in test sample should
Linear relationship is presented in power substantially.According to Sound elasticity principle, if ultrasonic transmission/reception energy converter distance is fixed, measuring ultrasonic wave should zero
(stress is denoted as σ to power sample0) in propagation time t0With ultrasound propagation time t of the ultrasonic wave in test sample is treated, can be asked according to the sound time difference
Go out to treat the residual-stress value σ of test sample, i.e.,：σ-σ0=A (t-t0), the self property and transmitting-receiving probe distance of A and material determine,
It is demarcated by simple tension.
But not only treat that the residual stress in test sample can treat microcosmic group in test sample to the spread speed of influence ultrasonic wave
Can also the spread speed of ultrasonic wave be had an impact by knitting.Since field of welding temperature is different, can be formed on weldment welded seam area (FZ),
Heat-affected zone (HAZ) and base material region (BM), there are larger differences for the microstructure in these regions.Some larger microcosmic group
Knitting difference influences even with influence of the welding residual stress to ultrasonic propagation velocity same ultrasonic propagation velocity
The order of magnitude seriously affects the measuring accuracy of ultrasonic wave residual stress test method, limits ultrasonic wave residual stress test method
Development.Therefore, how in ultrasonic wave residual stress test method by influence of the microstructure to ultrasonic propagation velocity and remnants
Influence of the stress to ultrasonic propagation velocity separates, and is a urgent problem needed to be solved.
The content of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide it is a kind of correct be precipitated phasor differentia influence ultrasonic wave residual stress test method,
It can be corrected since phasor is precipitated to sonoelastic coefficient k in welded seam area, heat-affected zone and base material region, and ultrasonic wave should zero
Propagation time t in power sample0Generated significant errors are remarkably improved the test essence of ultrasonic wave Welded Joints residual stress
Degree.
The present invention realizes that its goal of the invention is adopted the technical scheme that：The super of phasor differentia influence is precipitated in a kind of correct
Sound wave residual stress test method, its step are as follows：
A, precipitated phase test specimens are prepared
A1, the rolling of parallel material or the direction of extrusion cut and stretch sample w groups, are denoted as W1Group, W2Group ... Ww-1Group, WwGroup, every group
Stretching sample includes same stretch sample rbRoot；
A2, to W1Group stretching sample is without any processing, to W2-WwGroup stretches sample and carries out different condition heat treatment, in same group
Stretching sample heat treatment condition it is identical, specific heat treatment condition is：W2Group stretches sample in temperature TbDEG C soaking time hbHour,
W3Group stretches sample in temperature TbDEG C soaking time hb+ΔhbHour ... Ww-1Group stretches sample in temperature TbDEG C soaking time hb+Δhb
(w-1-2) hour, WwGroup stretches sample in temperature TbDEG C soaking time hb+Δhb(w-2) hour is to get to W1-WwGroup precipitated phase is surveyed
Sample, wherein Δ hbThe hourage of sample soaking time difference is stretched for two adjacent groups；Wherein W2-WwGroup precipitated phase test specimens are passed through
Heat treatment, it is believed that be zero stress state；
A3, to W1-WwGroup precipitated phase test specimens carry out metallographic processing, are calculated by microscope or electron backscatter diffraction
The W handled by metallographic1-WwThe precipitation phasor of all precipitated phase test specimens in group each group, and W is taken respectively1-WwInstitute in group each group
There is the precipitation phasor average value of precipitated phase test specimens, be denoted as P respectively1, P2, P3……Pw-1, Pw；
B, the relational database that phasor and the longitudinal wave signal dough softening is precipitated is established
B1, using longitudinal wave flat probe to W1-WwAll precipitated phase test specimens carry out dough softening test respectively in group each group, count
Calculate W1-WwThe longitudinal wave signal dough softening average value of all precipitated phase test specimens, is denoted as m respectively in group each group1, m2, m3……
mw-1, mw；
B2, according to W2-WwDough softening average value (the m of the longitudinal wave signal of group each group precipitated phase test specimens2, m3……mw-1,
mw), with W2-WwThe precipitation phasor average value (P of group each group precipitated phase test specimens2, P3……Pw-1, Pw), it is built using least square method
The vertical relational database that phasor P and longitudinal wave signal dough softening M is precipitated, P=g (M)；By W1The longitudinal wave of all precipitated phase test specimens of group
Signal dough softening average value m1It brings P=g (M) into, calculates W1The precipitation phasor calculation value P of group precipitated phase test specimens1’；By W1Group analysis
Go out the precipitation phasor calculation value P of phase test specimens1' W that obtains with A31The precipitation phasor average value P of all precipitated phase test specimens of group1
It is compared, if error is in γ1Within %, meet the requirements, the pass of the precipitation phasor P established and longitudinal wave signal dough softening M
It is database P=g (M) effective；If error is more than γ1%, again according to A1-A3 preparation precipitated phase test samples, and according to
B1-B2 establishes the relational database that phasor P and longitudinal wave signal dough softening M is precipitated, until meeting error requirements；
C, establish and phasor and the relational database in critical refraction longitudinal wave propagation time in zero stress sample is precipitated
C1, respectively to W1-WwAll precipitated phase test specimens carry out critical refraction longitudinal wave speed acquisition in group each group, are faced
Boundary's refracted longitudinal wave is in W1-WwThe mean propagation velocity of group each group precipitated phase test specimens, is denoted as v10, v20,v30……v(w-1)0, vw0,
And according to the distance L between ultrasonic transmission/reception energy converter, critical refraction longitudinal wave is calculated in W1-WwGroup each group precipitated phase test specimens
Average transmission time, when being average propagation of the critical refraction longitudinal wave in the zero stress precipitated phase test specimens of different precipitation phasors
Between, it is denoted as t10, t20, t30……t(w-1)0, tw0；
C2, according to critical refraction longitudinal wave in W2-WwAverage transmission time (the t of group each group precipitated phase test specimens20, t30……
t(w-1)0, tw0), with W2-WwThe precipitation phasor average value (P of group each group precipitated phase test specimens2, P3……Pw-1, Pw), utilize minimum
Square law, which is established, is precipitated phasor P and critical refraction longitudinal wave propagation time t in zero stress sample0Relational database, t0=χ (P)；
By W1The precipitation phasor average value P of all precipitated phase test specimens of group1Bring t into0=χ (P) calculates critical refraction longitudinal wave in W1Group analysis
Go out the propagation time calculated value t of phase test specimens10’；By critical refraction longitudinal wave in W1The propagation time of group precipitated phase test specimens calculates
Value t10' with critical refraction longitudinal wave in W1The actual average propagation time t of group precipitated phase test specimens10It is compared, if error exists
γ2Within %, meet the requirements, the precipitation phasor P established and critical refraction longitudinal wave propagation time t in zero stress sample0Relation
Database t0=χ (P) is effective；If error is more than γ2% prepares precipitated phase test sample according to A1-A3 again, and according to C1-
C2, which is established, is precipitated phasor P and critical refraction longitudinal wave propagation time t in zero stress sample0Relational database, until meeting error
It is required that；
D, the relational database that phasor and sonoelastic coefficient is precipitated is established
D1, respectively to W1-WwAll precipitated phase test specimens carry out sonoelastic coefficient and stretch calibration in group each group, obtain W1-Ww
The average sonoelastic coefficient of group each group precipitated phase test specimens, is denoted as k1, k2, k3……kw-1, kw；
D2, according to W2-WwAverage sonoelastic coefficient (the k of group each group precipitated phase test specimens2, k3……kw-1, kw), with W2-Ww
The precipitation phasor average value (P of group each group precipitated phase test specimens2, P3……Pw-1, Pw), it is established using least square method and phasor is precipitated
The relational database of P and sonoelastic coefficient k, k=β (P), by W1The precipitation phasor average value P of all precipitated phase test specimens of group1Band
Enter k=β (P), calculate W1The sonoelastic coefficient calculated value k of group precipitated phase test specimens1', by W1The acoustic elasticity of group precipitated phase test specimens
Coefficient calculated value k1' and W1The actual average sonoelastic coefficient k of group precipitated phase test specimens1It is compared, if error is in γ3%
Within, it meets the requirements, the relational database k=β (P) of the precipitation phasor P established and sonoelastic coefficient k are effective；If error
More than γ3% prepares precipitated phase test sample according to A1-A3 again, and is established according to D1-D2 and phasor P and acoustic elasticity system is precipitated
The relational database of number k, until meeting error requirements；
E, the welding residual stress of weldment welding point to be measured is tested
The ultrasonic wave residual stress test region of E1, arrangement weldment to be measured, the test zone include welded seam area, hot shadow
Ring region and base material region；
E2, dough softening test is carried out to the test zone of weldment to be measured using longitudinal wave flat probe, calculates test zone
The longitudinal wave signal dough softening, is denoted as Mc；
The relation for the precipitation phasor P and longitudinal wave signal dough softening M that E3, calling B steps are established, P=g (M) calculate test section
The precipitation phasor calculation value P in domainc, Pc=g (Mc)；
E4, precipitation phasor P and critical refraction longitudinal wave the propagation time t in zero stress sample that C steps is called to establish0Relation, t0
=χ (P) calculates the critical refraction longitudinal wave of the test zone propagation time t in zero stress stretches samplec0, tc0=χ (Pc)；
The relation for the precipitation phasor P and sonoelastic coefficient k that E5, calling D steps are established, k=β (P) calculate test zone
Sonoelastic coefficient kc, kc=β (Pc)；
E6, acquisition weldment to be measured test zone critical refraction longitudinal wave speed vc, and according to ultrasonic transmission/reception energy converter
Between distance L, obtain propagation time t of the critical refraction longitudinal wave in test zonec=L/vc；
E7, according to the critical refraction longitudinal waves of the E4 test zones walked in zero stress stretches sample propagation time tc0、E5
Walk the sonoelastic coefficient k of obtained test zonecWith the critical refraction longitudinal wave that E6 is walked test zone propagation time tc,
Calculate the welding residual stress σ of weldment test zone to be measuredc:
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：
It is a kind of microscopic characteristics of important material that phasor, which is precipitated, is existed to the sonoelastic coefficient and critical refraction longitudinal wave of material
The propagation time influences very big in the zero stress sample of the material.Phasor and the longitudinal wave signal dough softening is precipitated by establishing in the present invention
Relational database P=g (M), phasor and the relational database t in critical refraction longitudinal wave propagation time in zero stress sample is precipitated0=χ
(P) the relational database k=β (P) of phasor and sonoelastic coefficient are precipitated and, so as to eliminate be precipitated phasor to sonoelastic coefficient k and
Critical refraction longitudinal wave Initial travel times t0It influences, significantly improves the measuring accuracy of ultrasonic wave Welded Joints residual stress.
Further, parallel material rolling or the direction of extrusion cut the group number w of stretching sample w groups not in step A1 of the present invention
Less than 4.
Tensile sample group number is less than 4, and data volume is smaller, is easily influenced be subject to accidental error, and stretching sample group number w is higher,
More it is easily reduced accidental error influence.
Further, parallel material rolling or the direction of extrusion cut and stretch sample w groups, every group of stretching in step A1 of the present invention
The stretching sample radical r that sample includesbNot less than 3.
The experimental result of every group of stretching sample is eventually calculated as average value, and the data volume less than 3 is equally easily subject to idol
Right error influences, and the stretching sample more than 3 can remove the larger sample of discreteness, while ensure that remaining data amount is relatively sufficient.
Further, to W in step A2 of the present invention2-WwGroup stretches sample and carries out different condition heat treatment, W2Group stretches sample
In temperature TbDEG C heat preservation hbHolding temperature T in hourbDEG C by test stretch sample precipitation phasor change temperature, such as aluminium alloy
It is 120-250 DEG C that phasor, which is precipitated, to change temperature.
It is kept the temperature optionally greater than precipitated phase amount transformation temperature, it is ensured that precipitated phase quickly changes, and improves conventional efficient.
Further, to W in step A2 of the present invention2-WwGroup stretches sample and carries out different condition heat treatment, W2Group stretches sample
In temperature TbDEG C heat preservation hbSoaking time h in hourbThe heat preservation hourage h of hourbFor that can ensure W2Group stretch sample with not into
Row heat treatment stretch between sample there are 5-15% precipitations phasor difference time, if aluminium alloy is 2h or so.
By experiment, phasor difference, which is precipitated, in 5-15% can reduce later data storehouse error.
Further, two adjacent groups stretch the hourage Δ h that sample soaking time differs in step A2 of the present inventionbAs long as
It can ensure that two adjacent groups stretch the time that there is the precipitations phasor difference with 10-30% between sample, if aluminium alloy is 2h or so.
Precipitation phasor gap between adjacent stretching sample is too small, and the result of the test of experiment by accidentalia it is possible that can be covered
Lid, the higher precipitation phasor difference of 10-30% are enough accidentalia is avoided to influence experimental result.
Further, the relational database P that phasor P and longitudinal wave signal dough softening M is precipitated is verified in step B2 of the present invention
The error amount γ whether=g (M) is effectively set1% is 5-10%.
P=g (M) relational databases are by for amendment of the later stage to ultrasonic wave stress test, if relational database exists
Large error can reduce the reliability of correction effect, the relatively small reliability that will not reduce correction result of error of 5-10%.
Further, verification precipitation phasor P is propagated with critical refraction longitudinal wave in zero stress sample in step C2 of the present invention
Time t0Relational database t0The error amount γ whether=χ (P) is effectively set2% is 5-10%.
t0=χ (P) relational databases are by for amendment of the later stage to ultrasonic wave stress test, if relational database exists
Large error can reduce the reliability of correction effect, the relatively small reliability that will not reduce correction result of error of 5-10%.
Further, the relational database k=β that phasor P and sonoelastic coefficient k is precipitated are verified in step D2 of the present invention
(P) the error amount γ whether effectively set3% is 5-15%.
K=β (P) relational databases are by for amendment of the later stage to ultrasonic wave stress test, if relational database exists
Large error can reduce the reliability of correction effect, the relatively small reliability that will not reduce correction result of error of 5-15%.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the distribution schematic diagram of test zone in one checking test of the embodiment of the present invention
Fig. 2 is the test result comparison diagram of one checking test of the embodiment of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with the attached drawing in the embodiment of the present invention, the technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention is carried out clear, complete
Site preparation describes, it is clear that described embodiment is only part of the embodiment of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.It is based on
Embodiment in the present invention, those of ordinary skill in the art are obtained every other without creative efforts
Embodiment belongs to the scope of protection of the invention.
Embodiment one
The present invention a kind of specific embodiment be：It is a kind of to correct the ultrasonic wave residual stress that phasor differentia influence is precipitated
Test method, its step are as follows：
A, precipitated phase test specimens are prepared
A1, the rolling of parallel material or the direction of extrusion cut and stretch sample w groups, are denoted as W1Group, W2Group ... Ww-1Group, WwGroup, every group
Stretching sample includes same stretch sample rbRoot；
A2, to W1Group stretching sample is without any processing, to W2-WwGroup stretches sample and carries out different condition heat treatment, in same group
Stretching sample heat treatment condition it is identical, specific heat treatment condition is：W2Group stretches sample in temperature TbDEG C soaking time hbHour,
W3Group stretches sample in temperature TbDEG C soaking time hb+ΔhbHour ... Ww-1Group stretches sample in temperature TbDEG C soaking time hb+Δhb
(w-1-2) hour, WwGroup stretches sample in temperature TbDEG C soaking time hb+Δhb(w-2) hour is to get to W1-WwGroup precipitated phase is surveyed
Sample, wherein Δ hbThe hourage of sample soaking time difference is stretched for two adjacent groups；Wherein W2-WwGroup precipitated phase test specimens are passed through
Heat treatment, it is believed that be zero stress state；
A3, to W1-WwGroup precipitated phase test specimens carry out metallographic processing, are calculated by microscope or electron backscatter diffraction
The W handled by metallographic1-WwThe precipitation phasor of all precipitated phase test specimens in group each group, and W is taken respectively1-WwInstitute in group each group
There is the precipitation phasor average value of precipitated phase test specimens, be denoted as P respectively1, P2, P3……Pw-1, Pw；
B, the relational database that phasor and the longitudinal wave signal dough softening is precipitated is established
B1, using longitudinal wave flat probe to W1-WwAll precipitated phase test specimens carry out dough softening test respectively in group each group, count
Calculate W1-WwThe longitudinal wave signal dough softening average value of all precipitated phase test specimens, is denoted as m respectively in group each group1, m2, m3……
mw-1, mw；
B2, according to W2-WwDough softening average value (the m of the longitudinal wave signal of group each group precipitated phase test specimens2, m3……mw-1,
mw), with W2-WwThe precipitation phasor average value (P of group each group precipitated phase test specimens2, P3……Pw-1, Pw), it is built using least square method
The vertical relational database that phasor P and longitudinal wave signal dough softening M is precipitated, P=g (M)；By W1The longitudinal wave of all precipitated phase test specimens of group
Signal dough softening average value m1It brings P=g (M) into, calculates W1The precipitation phasor calculation value P of group precipitated phase test specimens1’；By W1Group analysis
Go out the precipitation phasor calculation value P of phase test specimens1' W that obtains with A31The precipitation phasor average value P of all precipitated phase test specimens of group1
It is compared, if error is in γ1Within %, meet the requirements, the pass of the precipitation phasor P established and longitudinal wave signal dough softening M
It is database P=g (M) effective；If error is more than γ1%, again according to A1-A3 preparation precipitated phase test samples, and according to
B1-B2 establishes the relational database that phasor P and longitudinal wave signal dough softening M is precipitated, until meeting error requirements；
C, establish and phasor and the relational database in critical refraction longitudinal wave propagation time in zero stress sample is precipitated
C1, respectively to W1-WwAll precipitated phase test specimens carry out critical refraction longitudinal wave speed acquisition in group each group, are faced
Boundary's refracted longitudinal wave is in W1-WwThe mean propagation velocity of group each group precipitated phase test specimens, is denoted as v10, v20,v30……v(w-1)0, vw0,
And according to the distance L between ultrasonic transmission/reception energy converter, critical refraction longitudinal wave is calculated in W1-WwGroup each group precipitated phase test specimens
Average transmission time, when being average propagation of the critical refraction longitudinal wave in the zero stress precipitated phase test specimens of different precipitation phasors
Between, it is denoted as t10, t20, t30……t(w-1)0, tw0；
C2, according to critical refraction longitudinal wave in W2-WwAverage transmission time (the t of group each group precipitated phase test specimens20, t30……
t(w-1)0, tw0), with W2-WwThe precipitation phasor average value (P of group each group precipitated phase test specimens2, P3……Pw-1, Pw), utilize minimum
Square law, which is established, is precipitated phasor P and critical refraction longitudinal wave propagation time t in zero stress sample0Relational database, t0=χ (P)；
By W1The precipitation phasor average value P of all precipitated phase test specimens of group1Bring t into0=χ (P) calculates critical refraction longitudinal wave in W1Group analysis
Go out the propagation time calculated value t of phase test specimens10’；By critical refraction longitudinal wave in W1The propagation time of group precipitated phase test specimens calculates
Value t10' with critical refraction longitudinal wave in W1The actual average propagation time t of group precipitated phase test specimens10It is compared, if error exists
γ2Within %, meet the requirements, the precipitation phasor P established and critical refraction longitudinal wave propagation time t in zero stress sample0Relation
Database t0=χ (P) is effective；If error is more than γ2% prepares precipitated phase test sample according to A1-A3 again, and according to C1-
C2, which is established, is precipitated phasor P and critical refraction longitudinal wave propagation time t in zero stress sample0Relational database, until meeting error
It is required that；
D, the relational database that phasor and sonoelastic coefficient is precipitated is established
D1, respectively to W1-WwAll precipitated phase test specimens carry out sonoelastic coefficient and stretch calibration in group each group, obtain W1-Ww
The average sonoelastic coefficient of group each group precipitated phase test specimens, is denoted as k1, k2, k3……kw-1, kw；
D2, according to W2-WwAverage sonoelastic coefficient (the k of group each group precipitated phase test specimens2, k3……kw-1, kw), with W2-Ww
The precipitation phasor average value (P of group each group precipitated phase test specimens2, P3……Pw-1, Pw), it is established using least square method and phasor is precipitated
The relational database of P and sonoelastic coefficient k, k=β (P), by W1The precipitation phasor average value P of all precipitated phase test specimens of group1Band
Enter k=β (P), calculate W1The sonoelastic coefficient calculated value k of group precipitated phase test specimens1', by W1The acoustic elasticity of group precipitated phase test specimens
Coefficient calculated value k1' and W1The actual average sonoelastic coefficient k of group precipitated phase test specimens1It is compared, if error is in γ3%
Within, it meets the requirements, the relational database k=β (P) of the precipitation phasor P established and sonoelastic coefficient k are effective；If error
More than γ3% prepares precipitated phase test sample according to A1-A3 again, and is established according to D1-D2 and phasor P and acoustic elasticity system is precipitated
The relational database of number k, until meeting error requirements；
E, the welding residual stress of weldment welding point to be measured is tested
The ultrasonic wave residual stress test region of E1, arrangement weldment to be measured, the test zone include welded seam area, hot shadow
Ring region and base material region.
E2, dough softening test is carried out to the test zone of weldment to be measured using longitudinal wave flat probe, calculates test zone
The longitudinal wave signal dough softening, is denoted as Mc；
The relation for the precipitation phasor P and longitudinal wave signal dough softening M that E3, calling B steps are established, P=g (M) calculate test section
The precipitation phasor calculation value P in domainc, Pc=g (Mc)；
E4, precipitation phasor P and critical refraction longitudinal wave the propagation time t in zero stress sample that C steps is called to establish0Relation, t0
=χ (P) calculates the critical refraction longitudinal wave of the test zone propagation time t in zero stress stretches samplec0, tc0=χ (Pc)；
The relation for the precipitation phasor P and sonoelastic coefficient k that E5, calling D steps are established, k=β (P) calculate test zone
Sonoelastic coefficient kc, kc=β (Pc)；
E6, acquisition weldment to be measured test zone critical refraction longitudinal wave speed vc, and according to ultrasonic transmission/reception energy converter
Between distance L, obtain propagation time t of the critical refraction longitudinal wave in test zonec=L/vc；
E7, according to the critical refraction longitudinal waves of the E4 test zones walked in zero stress stretches sample propagation time tc0、E5
Walk the sonoelastic coefficient k of obtained test zonecWith the critical refraction longitudinal wave that E6 is walked test zone propagation time tc,
Calculate the welding residual stress σ of weldment test zone to be measuredc:
Parallel material rolling or the direction of extrusion, which are cut, in step A1 described in this example stretches the group number w of sample w groups as 6.It is described
Parallel material rolling or the direction of extrusion cut and stretch sample w groups, the stretching sample radical r that every group of stretching sample includes in step A1bFor 5.
To W in the step A22-WwGroup stretches sample and carries out different condition heat treatment, W2Group stretches sample in temperature TbDEG C heat preservation hbIn hour
Holding temperature TbDEG C by test stretch sample precipitation phasor change temperature.To W in the step A22-WwGroup stretches sample and carries out
Different condition is heat-treated, W2Group stretches sample in temperature TbDEG C heat preservation hbSoaking time h in hourbThe heat preservation hourage h of hourbFor
It can ensure W2Group stretch sample and be not heat-treated stretch sample between there are 10% precipitation phasor difference time.It is described
Two adjacent groups stretch the hourage Δ h of sample soaking time difference in step A2bAs long as can ensure two adjacent groups stretch sample between
In the presence of the time with 20% precipitation phasor difference.Verification is precipitated phasor P and longitudinal wave signal dough softening M's in the step B2
The error amount γ whether relational database P=g (M) is effectively set1% is 8%.Phasor P is precipitated with facing in verification in the step C2
Boundary's refracted longitudinal wave propagation time t in zero stress sample0Relational database t0The error amount γ whether=χ (P) is effectively set2%
For 7%.Whether the relational database k=β (P) of verification precipitation phasor P and sonoelastic coefficient k are effectively set in the step D2
Error amount γ3% is 10%.
The using effect of the present invention can be verified and be illustrated by tests below：
It is established according to the present embodiment and the relational database of phasor and the longitudinal wave signal dough softening is precipitated, phasor and critical folding is precipitated
The relational database in propagation time of longitudinal wave being penetrated in zero stress sample, the relational database that phasor and sonoelastic coefficient is precipitated.Institute
It states in step A2 to W2-WwGroup stretches sample and carries out different condition heat treatment, W2Group stretches sample when 200 DEG C of heat preservations 2 of temperature are small.Institute
State the hourage Δ h that two adjacent groups in step A2 stretch sample soaking time differencebFor 2h.
Choose aluminium alloy A7N01S-T5, identical two block welding test plate (panel)s (all welding ginsengs that size is 700*250mm
Number all same), test zone is arranged on two block welding test plate (panel)s according to Fig. 1, the test zone includes welded seam area A, hot shadow
Ring region B and base material region C.In figure, stain s1 is ultrasonic wave residual stress test regional center, and circle s2 represents that Blind Hole Method is residual
Residue stress test zone center, the right side of figure is enlarged fragmentary portion.To one of test piece for welding, first with traditional ultrasonic wave
The residual stress (L1) of each ultrasonic wave residual stress test regional center s1 on residual stress test method test test piece for welding, then
The residual stress (L2) of each ultrasonic wave residual stress test regional center s1 is tested with the method for the present embodiment.Another piece is welded
Test plate (panel) is connect, with the residual stress of Blind Hole Method test Blind Hole Method residual stress test regional center s2.Test result as shown in Fig. 2,
What traditional ultrasonic wave residual stress test method obtained has non-in welded seam area, the test result in heat-affected zone and Blind Hole Method
Often big difference, it is smaller in the base material domain test result difference away from weld seam, it should this is because traditional ultrasonic wave is remaining
Power method of testing using the propagation time in the sonoelastic coefficient of base material and ultrasonic wave zero stress sample, and is welded when calculating residual stress
There are very big othernesses for precipitation phasor between seam region and heat-affected zone and base material region.And use the present embodiment
Test method, the residual stress test of obtained welded seam area, heat-affected zone and base material region as a result, with Blind Hole Method
Otherness is smaller, this is because the method for the present invention is when calculating residual stress, the sonoelastic coefficient of use and ultrasonic wave zero stress
The propagation time is depending on phasor is precipitated in sample, effectively has modified the precipitation of welded seam area, heat-affected zone and base material region
For phasor to sonoelastic coefficient, ultrasonic wave significant errors caused by the propagation time in zero stress sample are remarkably improved ultrasonic wave
The measuring accuracy of Welded Joints residual stress.
Embodiment two
The ultrasonic wave residual stress test method and embodiment one of the present embodiment are essentially identical, are only parameter in step
Selection is different, and the selection of each step parameter is as follows in the present embodiment：
Parallel material rolling or the direction of extrusion, which are cut, in step A1 described in this example stretches the group number w of sample w groups as 5.It is described
Parallel material rolling or the direction of extrusion cut and stretch sample w groups, the stretching sample radical r that every group of stretching sample includes in step A1bFor 4.
To W in the step A22-WwGroup stretches sample and carries out different condition heat treatment, W2Group stretches sample in temperature TbDEG C heat preservation hbIn hour
Holding temperature TbDEG C by test stretch sample precipitation phasor change temperature.To W in the step A22-WwGroup stretches sample and carries out
Different condition is heat-treated, W2Group stretches sample in temperature TbDEG C heat preservation hbSoaking time h in hourbThe heat preservation hourage h of hourbFor
It can ensure W2Group stretch sample and be not heat-treated stretch sample between there are 5% precipitation phasor difference time.It is described
Two adjacent groups stretch the hourage Δ h of sample soaking time difference in step A2bAs long as can ensure two adjacent groups stretch sample between
In the presence of the time with 10% precipitation phasor difference.Verification is precipitated phasor P and longitudinal wave signal dough softening M's in the step B2
The error amount γ whether relational database P=g (M) is effectively set1% is 5%.Phasor P is precipitated with facing in verification in the step C2
Boundary's refracted longitudinal wave propagation time t in zero stress sample0Relational database t0The error amount γ whether=χ (P) is effectively set2%
For 5%.Whether the relational database k=β (P) of verification precipitation phasor P and sonoelastic coefficient k are effectively set in the step D2
Error amount γ3% is 5%.
Embodiment three
The ultrasonic wave residual stress test method and embodiment one of the present embodiment are essentially identical, are only parameter in step
Selection is different, and the selection of each step parameter is as follows in the present embodiment：
Parallel material rolling or the direction of extrusion, which are cut, in step A1 described in this example stretches the group number w of sample w groups as 4.It is described
Parallel material rolling or the direction of extrusion cut and stretch sample w groups, the stretching sample radical r that every group of stretching sample includes in step A1bFor 3.
To W in the step A22-WwGroup stretches sample and carries out different condition heat treatment, W2Group stretches sample in temperature TbDEG C heat preservation hbIn hour
Holding temperature TbDEG C by test stretch sample precipitation phasor change temperature.To W in the step A22-WwGroup stretches sample and carries out
Different condition is heat-treated, W2Group stretches sample in temperature TbDEG C heat preservation hbSoaking time h in hourbThe heat preservation hourage h of hourbFor
It can ensure W2Group stretch sample and be not heat-treated stretch sample between there are 15% precipitation phasor difference time.It is described
Two adjacent groups stretch the hourage Δ h of sample soaking time difference in step A2bAs long as can ensure two adjacent groups stretch sample between
In the presence of the time with 30% precipitation phasor difference.Verification is precipitated phasor P and longitudinal wave signal dough softening M's in the step B2
The error amount γ whether relational database P=g (M) is effectively set1% is 10%.In the step C2 verification be precipitated phasor P with
Critical refraction longitudinal wave propagation time t in zero stress sample0Relational database t0The error amount whether=χ (P) is effectively set
γ2% is 10%.Whether effectively the relational database k=β (P) of phasor P and sonoelastic coefficient k are precipitated in verification in the step D2
The error amount γ of setting3% is 15%.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of correct the ultrasonic wave residual stress test method that phasor differentia influence is precipitated, its step are as follows：
A, precipitated phase test specimens are prepared
A1, the rolling of parallel material or the direction of extrusion cut and stretch sample w groups, are denoted as W1Group, W2Group ... Ww-1Group, WwGroup, every group of stretching
Sample includes same stretch sample rbRoot；
A2, to W1Group stretching sample is without any processing, to W2-WwGroup stretches sample and carries out different condition heat treatment, the drawing in same group
It is identical to stretch sample heat treatment condition, specific heat treatment condition is：W2Group stretches sample in temperature TbDEG C soaking time hbHour, W3Group
Sample is stretched in temperature TbDEG C soaking time hb+ΔhbHour ... Ww-1Group stretches sample in temperature TbDEG C soaking time hb+Δhb(w-
1-2) hour, WwGroup stretches sample in temperature TbDEG C soaking time hb+Δhb(w-2) hour is to get to W1-WwGroup precipitated phase test
Sample, wherein Δ hbThe hourage of sample soaking time difference is stretched for two adjacent groups；Wherein W2-WwGroup precipitated phase test specimens are through overheat
Processing, it is believed that be zero stress state；
A3, to W1-WwGroup precipitated phase test specimens carry out metallographic processing, by microscope or electron backscatter diffraction calculate by
The W of metallographic processing1-WwThe precipitation phasor of all precipitated phase test specimens in group each group, and W is taken respectively1-WwAll analysis in group each group
Go out the precipitation phasor average value of phase test specimens, be denoted as P respectively1, P2, P3……Pw-1, Pw；
B, the relational database that phasor and the longitudinal wave signal dough softening is precipitated is established
B1, using longitudinal wave flat probe to W1-WwAll precipitated phase test specimens carry out dough softening test respectively in group each group, calculate
W1-WwThe longitudinal wave signal dough softening average value of all precipitated phase test specimens, is denoted as m respectively in group each group1, m2, m3……mw-1, mw；
B2, according to W2-WwDough softening average value (the m of the longitudinal wave signal of group each group precipitated phase test specimens2, m3……mw-1, mw), with
W2-WwThe precipitation phasor average value (P of group each group precipitated phase test specimens2, P3……Pw-1, Pw), it is established and is precipitated using least square method
The relational database of phasor P and longitudinal wave signal dough softening M, P=g (M)；By W1The longitudinal wave signal of all precipitated phase test specimens of group declines
Degree of subtracting average value m1It brings P=g (M) into, calculates W1The precipitation phasor calculation value P of group precipitated phase test specimens1’；By W1Group precipitated phase is surveyed
The precipitation phasor calculation value P of sample1' W that obtains with A31The precipitation phasor average value P of all precipitated phase test specimens of group1Carry out pair
Than if error is in γ1Within %, meet the requirements, the relation data of the precipitation phasor P established and longitudinal wave signal dough softening M
Storehouse P=g (M) is effective；If error is more than γ1% prepares precipitated phase test sample according to A1-A3 again, and is built according to B1-B2
The vertical relational database that phasor P and longitudinal wave signal dough softening M is precipitated, until meeting error requirements；
C, establish and phasor and the relational database in critical refraction longitudinal wave propagation time in zero stress sample is precipitated
C1, respectively to W1-WwAll precipitated phase test specimens carry out critical refraction longitudinal wave speed acquisition in group each group, obtain critical folding
Longitudinal wave is penetrated in W1-WwThe mean propagation velocity of group each group precipitated phase test specimens, is denoted as v10, v20,v30……v(w-1)0, vw0, and root
According to the distance L between ultrasonic transmission/reception energy converter, critical refraction longitudinal wave is calculated in W1-WwGroup each group precipitated phase test specimens are averaged
Propagation time is average transmission time of the critical refraction longitudinal wave in the zero stress precipitated phase test specimens of different precipitation phasors,
It is denoted as t10, t20, t30……t(w-1)0, tw0；
C2, according to critical refraction longitudinal wave in W2-WwAverage transmission time (the t of group each group precipitated phase test specimens20, t30……
t(w-1)0, tw0), with W2-WwThe precipitation phasor average value (P of group each group precipitated phase test specimens2, P3……Pw-1, Pw), utilize minimum
Square law, which is established, is precipitated phasor P and critical refraction longitudinal wave propagation time t in zero stress sample0Relational database, t0=χ (P)；
By W1The precipitation phasor average value P of all precipitated phase test specimens of group1Bring t into0=χ (P) calculates critical refraction longitudinal wave in W1Group analysis
Go out the propagation time calculated value t of phase test specimens10’；By critical refraction longitudinal wave in W1The propagation time of group precipitated phase test specimens calculates
Value t10' with critical refraction longitudinal wave in W1The actual average propagation time t of group precipitated phase test specimens10It is compared, if error exists
γ2Within %, meet the requirements, the precipitation phasor P established and critical refraction longitudinal wave propagation time t in zero stress sample0Relation
Database t0=χ (P) is effective；If error is more than γ2% prepares precipitated phase test sample according to A1-A3 again, and according to C1-
C2, which is established, is precipitated phasor P and critical refraction longitudinal wave propagation time t in zero stress sample0Relational database, until meeting error
It is required that；
D, the relational database that phasor and sonoelastic coefficient is precipitated is established
D1, respectively to W1-WwAll precipitated phase test specimens carry out sonoelastic coefficient and stretch calibration in group each group, obtain W1-WwGroup is each
The average sonoelastic coefficient of group precipitated phase test specimens, is denoted as k1, k2, k3……kw-1, kw；
D2, according to W2-WwAverage sonoelastic coefficient (the k of group each group precipitated phase test specimens2, k3……kw-1, kw), with W2-WwGroup is each
The precipitation phasor average value (P of group precipitated phase test specimens2, P3……Pw-1, Pw), using least square method establish be precipitated phasor P with
The relational database of sonoelastic coefficient k, k=β (P), by W1The precipitation phasor average value P of all precipitated phase test specimens of group1Bring k into
=β (P) calculates W1The sonoelastic coefficient calculated value k of group precipitated phase test specimens1', by W1The acoustic elasticity system of group precipitated phase test specimens
Number calculated value k1' and W1The actual average sonoelastic coefficient k of group precipitated phase test specimens1It is compared, if error is in γ3% with
It is interior, it meets the requirements, the relational database k=β (P) of the precipitation phasor P established and sonoelastic coefficient k are effective；If error is big
In γ3% prepares precipitated phase test sample according to A1-A3 again, and is established according to D1-D2 and phasor P and sonoelastic coefficient k is precipitated
Relational database, until meeting error requirements；
E, the welding residual stress of weldment welding point to be measured is tested
The ultrasonic wave residual stress test region of E1, arrangement weldment to be measured, the test zone include welded seam area, heat affected area
Domain and base material region；
E2, dough softening test is carried out to the test zone of weldment to be measured using longitudinal wave flat probe, calculates the longitudinal wave of test zone
The signal dough softening, is denoted as Mc；
The relation for the precipitation phasor P and longitudinal wave signal dough softening M that E3, calling B steps are established, P=g (M) calculate test zone
Phasor calculation value P is precipitatedc, Pc=g (Mc)；
E4, precipitation phasor P and critical refraction longitudinal wave the propagation time t in zero stress sample that C steps is called to establish0Relation, t0=χ
(P), the critical refraction longitudinal wave of the test zone propagation time t in zero stress stretches sample is calculatedc0, tc0=χ (Pc)；
E5, the relation for calling precipitations phasor P that D steps establish and sonoelastic coefficient k, k=β (P) calculate the sound bullet of test zone
Property coefficient kc, kc=β (Pc)；
E6, acquisition weldment to be measured test zone critical refraction longitudinal wave speed vc, and according between ultrasonic transmission/reception energy converter away from
From L, propagation time t of the critical refraction longitudinal wave in test zone is obtainedc=L/vc；
E7, according to the critical refraction longitudinal waves of the E4 test zones walked in zero stress stretches sample propagation time tc0, E5 walks
The sonoelastic coefficient k of the test zone arrivedcWith the critical refraction longitudinal wave that E6 is walked test zone propagation time tc, calculate
The welding residual stress of weldment test zone to be measured
2. a kind of ultrasonic wave residual stress test method for correcting precipitation phasor differentia influence according to claim 1,
It is characterized in that：Parallel material rolling or the direction of extrusion cut the group number w for stretching sample w groups not less than 4 in the step A1.
3. a kind of ultrasonic wave residual stress test method for correcting precipitation phasor differentia influence according to claim 1,
It is characterized in that：Parallel material rolling or the direction of extrusion cut and stretch sample w groups, the drawing that every group of stretching sample includes in the step A1
Stretch sample radical rbNot less than 3.
4. a kind of ultrasonic wave residual stress test method for correcting precipitation phasor differentia influence according to claim 1,
It is characterized in that：To W in the step A22-WwGroup stretches sample and carries out different condition heat treatment, W2Group stretches sample in temperature Tb℃
Keep the temperature hbHolding temperature T in hourbDEG C by test stretch sample precipitation phasor change temperature.
5. a kind of ultrasonic wave residual stress test method for correcting precipitation phasor differentia influence according to claim 1,
It is characterized in that：To W in the step A22-WwGroup stretches sample and carries out different condition heat treatment, W2Group stretches sample in temperature Tb℃
Keep the temperature hbSoaking time h in hourbThe heat preservation hourage h of hourbFor that can ensure W2Organize what is stretched sample and be not heat-treated
Stretch sample between there are 5-15% precipitation phasor difference time.
6. a kind of ultrasonic wave residual stress test method for correcting precipitation phasor differentia influence according to claim 1,
It is characterized in that：Two adjacent groups stretch the hourage Δ h of sample soaking time difference in the step A2bAs long as that can ensure phase
There is the time of the precipitation phasor difference with 10-30% between adjacent two groups of stretching samples.
7. a kind of ultrasonic wave residual stress test method for correcting precipitation phasor differentia influence according to claim 1,
It is characterized in that：Whether the relational database P=g (M) of verification precipitation phasor P and longitudinal wave signal dough softening M in the step B2
The error amount γ effectively set1% is 5-10%.
8. a kind of ultrasonic wave residual stress test method for correcting precipitation phasor differentia influence according to claim 1,
It is characterized in that：Phasor P and critical refraction longitudinal wave propagation time t in zero stress sample is precipitated in verification in the step C20Pass
It is database t0The error amount γ whether=χ (P) is effectively set2% is 5-10%.
9. a kind of ultrasonic wave residual stress test method for correcting precipitation phasor differentia influence according to claim 1,
It is characterized in that：Whether effectively the relational database k=β (P) of phasor P and sonoelastic coefficient k are precipitated in verification in the step D2
The error amount γ of setting3% is 5-15%.
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