CN104567759B - Ultrasonic detection method for zero clearance degree - Google Patents
Ultrasonic detection method for zero clearance degree Download PDFInfo
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- CN104567759B CN104567759B CN201310472205.5A CN201310472205A CN104567759B CN 104567759 B CN104567759 B CN 104567759B CN 201310472205 A CN201310472205 A CN 201310472205A CN 104567759 B CN104567759 B CN 104567759B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B17/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of infrasonic, sonic or ultrasonic vibrations
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/04—Analysing solids
- G01N29/041—Analysing solids on the surface of the material, e.g. using Lamb, Rayleigh or shear waves
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/04—Analysing solids
- G01N29/06—Visualisation of the interior, e.g. acoustic microscopy
- G01N29/0654—Imaging
- G01N29/0681—Imaging by acoustic microscopy, e.g. scanning acoustic microscopy
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- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to an ultrasonic detection method for zero clearance degree, relates to improvement on a detection method for the zero clearance degree, and provides the ultrasonic detection method for the zero clearance degree, which is practical, accurate and safe, and can realize nondestructive measurement. The ultrasonic detection method for the zero clearance degree comprises the following steps: 1) adjusting the sensitivity of an ultrasonic measurement basis; 2) performing rough measurement on the surface of a piece to be measured to find out the position of a pure-copper buried pipe, and marking a position picture of the buried pipe on the piece to be measured; 3) performing fold-line scanning on the position picture by an ultrasonic fault detector, measuring thickness, finding out the minimum value, and marking the minimum value; 4) judging the zero clearance degree according to the measured thickness and the reflection waveforms of ultrasonic waves.
Description
Technical field
The present invention is to be related to the improvement of porosity detection method continuously.
Background technology
Fine copper pipe laying（Monell）Cooling jacket is the calculated very important sub-project of national " 863 ", industry
It is exactly the measurement of porosity continuously between fine copper parent and pipe laying that metaplasia produces the important parameter of the project.
The development of fine copper pipe laying cooling jacket is a very important project, the project it is important that in previous experiments room
On the basis of research, the experiment of industrialized production is carried out, by the experiment in this stage, develop the product for meeting design requirement
Sample, the so-called requirement met when the parameter that design requirement is exactly outturn sample must reach design.These requirements, what is had can be with
Directly measure by corresponding detection means, and then must being detected by way of destruction of having, particularly some important parameters,
Theoretical contact length between the porosity continuously such as between fine copper parent and pipe laying, i.e. fine copper and pipe laying.This parameter is directly affected
The thermal conductivity factor of cooling jacket, that is to say, that whether cooling jacket is qualified must to provide porosity continuously.
Most directly continuously porosity detection method is cut open by observation, survey calculation using the method for machining
Draw.But this is a kind of mode of destruction, for experiment it is also possible that for industrialized production just cannot be implemented.In general feelings
Under condition, the mode in industrial production frequently with ray detection is obtained, and this detection mode is higher to volume flaw recall rate, and
Planar defect recall rate perpendicular to beam direction is relatively low, and when product thickness is more than 60mm, then needs powerful X
X-ray machine X, or even gamma-ray machine, this not only increased cost, protect the risk of improper also personal injury.
The content of the invention
The present invention is aiming at the problems referred to above, there is provided the gapless of a kind of practical, accurate, safety and achievable nondestructive measurement
Degree supersonic detection method.
For achieving the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme that the present invention is comprised the following steps.
1）Adjustment ultrasonic measurement reference sensitivity.
2）In part surface to be measured bigness scale, the position of fine copper pipe laying is found out, and pipe laying station diagram is marked on part to be measured.
3）Broken line scanning is carried out on station diagram with supersonic detector, thickness is measured, minimum of a value is found out and is marked.
4）Porosity continuously is judged according to measurement thickness and ultrasonic reflections waveform.
As a kind of preferred version, step 1 of the present invention）By measuring fine copper pipe laying velocity of sound C, the frequency to longitudinal wave probe
Rate f and diameter are selected, and probe is placed in into fine copper pipe laying and is completely combined position with part to be measured, and adjusting first time bottom wave height is
Display screen full-scale 80%, in this, as reference sensitivity；By big flat calculating △=20lg2 λ X/ π Df2Improve △ dB to make
For Scanning sensitivity, λ is wavelength=velocity of sound C/ frequency f in formula, and X is thickness of the fine copper pipe laying away from searching surface, Df be sensitivity according to
According to.
As another kind of preferred version, step 1 of the present invention）When velocity of sound c=4700m/s, selected frequency f is
2.5MHZ, the longitudinal wave probe of a diameter of φ 20mm；From Df=φ 6mm as sensitivity foundation.
As another kind of preferred version, of the present invention rapid 3）Using the continuous recording mode broken line scanning of ultrasonic longitudinal wave method.
Used as another kind of preferred version, continuous recording mode broken line checking method of the present invention includes：In step 3）Most
The corresponding measurement point of little value measures respectively thickness on dog leg path at fine copper pipe laying width or so 5mm, this thickness with
The difference of minimum of a value is 0.5mm~1mm.
Used as another kind of preferred version, difference of the present invention is 0.7mm.
As another kind of preferred version, step 4 of the present invention）Determination methods include：When aobvious on ultrasonic wave oscillography screen
Show and occur simultaneously two interface echo shapes, first nearer waveform F1 of its middle-range surface and second interface echo shape F2
The ratio of wave height is more than 50% or second interface echo F2 does not occur, first reflection ripple F1 only occurs and crest is sharp, living
Jump then judges there is incomplete fusion defect.
As another kind of preferred version, step 4 of the present invention）Determination methods include：When fine copper pipe laying outer wall with treat
Survey between part outer wall and display waveform occur, then there is incomplete fusion defect.
Secondly, following four defect can determine whether according to display waveform feature of the present invention：1. pore has single intensive chain
Shape etc. is general in spherical or oval pore, and surface is smooth；Wave character is back wave crest height of wave, and face is precipitous, and sensitiveness is strong,
Crest is single, and root is clear, and when probe is mobile, single pore is a more stable pulse ripple, and linear porosity can occur
Continuously defect waves, porosity is then several defect waves.2. slag inclusion；In representative workpiece carry corner angle, echo character and
The regularity of distribution is that echo is weaker, and different azimuth detection echo change is little；3. shrinkage cavity defect is characterized in that intensive shrinkage porosite, in branch
Shape, central pipe is in a tubular form；Wave character is a ripple multimodal, and amplitude is high, and bottom ripple is had a significant effect；4. crack defect feature is crisp
Property fracture, surface relatively light, plastic fracture, rough surface；Echo character is that echo is higher, to bottom wave action substantially, mobile probe
When waveform rise one after another, change greatly.
In addition, step 4 of the present invention）Determination methods include：Described in taking respectively in the part surface segment to be measured most
Little value, most minimum of a values tend to a certain numerical value L, i.e. L corresponding points for the qualified point of porosity continuously.
If there is L' in minimum of a value,（1-1.4 ﹪）（L-D）≤L'≤（1+1.4 ﹪）（L-D）, then L' corresponding points exist not
Fusion defect.
If there is L'' in minimum of a value, L''≤（1-1.4 ﹪）（L-D）, then L'' corresponding points there is gas hole defect.
D is fine copper pipe laying pipe thickness in formula.
Beneficial effect of the present invention.
To fine copper pipe laying cooling jacket, continuously porosity is measured the present invention using reflectoscope, by data analysis,
Waveform analysis is passed judgment on and contrasted with practice dissection coloration detection, sampling Metallographic Analysis, it is determined that ultrasound detection fine copper pipe laying is cold
But water jacket continuously porosity detection practicality, accuracy；Ensure that the thermal conductivity factor of cooling jacket, filled up cannot carry out it is lossless
The blank of detection measurement.
Description of the drawings
With reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description the present invention will be further described.The scope of the present invention not only limits to
In the statement of herein below.
Fig. 1-1 is part structural representation to be measured of the invention.
Fig. 1-2 is the right view of Fig. 1-1.
Fig. 1-3 is the upward view of Fig. 1-1.
Fig. 2 is the detection of fine copper pipe and sign picture.
Fig. 3 is ultrasound detection track and measuring point schematic diagram.
Fig. 4 is detection thickness schematic diagram.
Fig. 5 is fine copper part pipe laying local size and test point position view.
Fig. 6 is pipe laying scale diagrams.
Fig. 7 is the symmetrical test point wall thickness relationship figure in fine copper part two sides.
Fig. 8 is fusion state ultrasound detection oscillogram.
Fig. 9 is pipe laying fusion metallograph.
Figure 10 is incomplete fusion state ultrasound detection oscillogram.
Figure 11-1 is that ultrasound detection does not melt position coloration detection figure.
Figure 11-2 is that ultrasound detection does not melt position Metallographic Analysis figure.
Figure 12 is the Liquid penetrant testing result figure of other rejected regions.
Specific embodiment
The present invention can be carried out using PXUT-3030 ultrasonic digitals defectoscope to copper-nickel water jacket monel metal area within a jurisdiction face
Measurement, and using the analysis of macroscopic observation, DPT-8 Liquid penetrant testings and microcosmic metallographic microscope region of anatomy interface conditions are entered respectively
Row compares checking.
Detection method.
（1）Carry out balance check.Jing measurement fine copper pipe laying velocities of sound C are 4700m/s, and selected frequency is a diameter of φ of 2.5MHZ
The longitudinal wave probe of 20mm, then wavelength X=velocity of sound C/ frequency f, if thickness X of the fine copper pipe laying away from searching surface, from Df=φ 6mm
As sensitivity foundation, probe is placed in into fine copper pipe laying after verification and is completely combined position with part to be measured, adjust first time bottom wave height
Spend for display screen full-scale 80%, in this, as reference sensitivity.By big flat calculating △=20lg2 λ X/ π Df2Improve △
DB is used as Scanning sensitivity.
（2）In part surface to be measured bigness scale（Part surface smoothness to be measured need to typically reach more than Ra6.3, meet ultrasonic measurement
Condition）, the position of fine copper pipe laying is found out, and pipe laying station diagram is marked on part to be measured (see Fig. 2）.
（3）Broken line is carried out on station diagram with supersonic detector（“" type）Scanning, measures thickness, finds out minimum of a value
And mark.
Using the continuous recording mode broken line scanning of ultrasonic longitudinal wave method（See Fig. 3）, taking beeline carries out data statistic analysis.
In the case where fusion has no clearance condition, the thickness value that theory should be measured is equal to h1+T（See Fig. 4）, when institute's Thickness Measurement by Microwave etc.
Gapless is illustrated when h1+T, the explanation when institute's Thickness Measurement by Microwave is equal to h1 has gap.
In actually measurement（See Fig. 5 and Fig. 6）, because Product processing thickness is 92mm, pipe laying overall diameter 36mm, thickness
（T）For 6mm, the qualified data of thickness measuring should be if the positional symmetry of pipe：92/2-36/2+6=46-18+6=34mm；What is marked
34mm at the one of numerical value minimum is found out on tested point position, and surveys at 3 points in same tested point position, per dot spacing 5mm；Because per point between
Away from 5mm is only separated by, so the curved surface of pipe is similar to into plane computations, then 1,3 dot thickness should be with the difference of point 2：18-
=0.7mm, therefore 1,3 points of theoretical wall thickness is 34.7mm, it is contemplated that test result is by surface smoothness, the skew of the main cause velocity of sound, material
The difference of the impact of the factors such as grain size, test position fix, 1,3 dot thickness and point 2 is can be controlled between 05mm~1mm.
Data analysis.
L1=28mm as shown in Figure 7（2nd point）, then the 1st, 3 points just should be between 28.5mm~29mm, that is to say, that
It is qualified in this range size, abrupt change point can not possibly occur in the 1st, 3 dot spacing 10mm, consecutive points, and such as side is such, then another
One side just should be：L2=92-L1-（36-12）=92-28-24=40mm, that is to say, that the pass of the symmetric points wall thickness on measurement two sides
System should be：Testpieces gross thickness L- pipe laying internal diameter Di=L1+L2.
Waveform analysis.
In ultrasound detection when a defect is detected, using " three determine "-quantitative, positioning, qualitative evaluating this defect feelings
Condition, by experiment the detection feature of following incomplete fusion defect is we have concluded that：When simultaneously ultrasonic wave oscillography screen display occurs two
Individual interface echo shape, first nearer waveform F1 of its middle-range surface is more than with the ratio of second interface echo shape F2 wave height
50% there is not second interface echo F2, only occur first reflection ripple F1 and crest it is sharp, it is active then can determine whether for
Incomplete fusion.
Data, waveform analysis.
We are analyzed two pieces of samples, and minimum data is in finding at 3 points measured at the 1st, 2,3 sections：28.5、
28.0th, 28.7, detection waveform is analyzed during ultrasound detection（See Fig. 8）, do not find have incomplete fusion etc. to lack near the ripple of bottom
Trap manifests, and does Metallographic Analysis after dissection and be confirmed（See Fig. 9）, therefore deducibility is fused very well herein, tested surface
It is about 28mm away from pipe laying inwall minimum range, i.e., tested surface is 22mm away from copper and pipe laying fusion distance.
At 1：28.5-6=22.5mm.
At 2：28-6=22mm.
At 3：28.7-6=22.7mm.
Minimum data is in 3 points measured at 4th, 5,6 sections：28.4,28,22.3.
At 4：28.4-6=22.4mm.
At 5：28-6=22mm.
At 6：22.3-6=16.3mm.
Because the most distance in this detected identity distance pipe laying fusion region is all very smoothly in about 22mm, the 6th section of meter
Distance is about 16mm after calculation, illustrates not melted at 6 sections in theory, and through observing ultrasound detection waveform herein（See Figure 10）Enter
Row analysis is herein incomplete fusion.
The judgement of other defects.
According to Fig. 7, if there is display waveform on copper body in the range of L1-6mm, L2-6mm, can determine
The defect waves that justice occurs for copper body, judge its defect type, for example according to wave character：1. pore has single intensive chain etc.
Typically in spherical or oval pore, and surface is smooth.Wave character is back wave crest height of wave, and face is precipitous, and sensitiveness is strong, crest
Single, root is clear, and when probe is mobile, single pore is a more stable pulse ripple, and linear porosity can occur continuously
Continuous defect waves, porosity is then several defect waves.2. slag inclusion；Corner angle, echo character and distribution are carried in representative workpiece
Rule is that echo is weaker, and different azimuth detection echo change is little.3. shrinkage cavity defect is characterized in that intensive shrinkage porosite, in dendroid, in
Heart shrinkage cavity is in a tubular form.Wave character is a ripple multimodal, and amplitude is high, and bottom ripple is had a significant effect.4. crack defect feature fragility is broken
Mouthful, surface relatively light, plastic fracture, rough surface.Echo character is that echo is higher, to bottom wave action substantially, ripple during mobile probe
Shape is risen one after another, and is changed greatly.
Minimum data is in 3 points measured at 8th section：19.5mm, then distance is 19.5-6=13.5mm after calculating.
Because this detection zone pipe laying depth is all relatively steadily approximately in 22mm numerical value, and it is not fusion near 13.5mm
Place, so can not possibly occur not melting situation near here in theory, foundation theoretical implications and herein the ultrasonic waveform of defect is carried out
Analysis judges there is gas hole defect herein.
The contrast of coloration detection, Metallographic Analysis and ultrasonic testing results is dissected in practice.
To confirm the accuracy of inspection data and waveform analysis, practice dissection coloration detection is carried out to part to be measured and metallographic takes
Sample analysis is as follows with ultrasound analysis Comparative result.
1. dissect carries out damage type inspection by the way of machining, judges ultrasound detection the intact portion of combination interface
Position, by macroscopical coloration detection and Metallographic Analysis, it was demonstrated that fine copper pipe laying combination interface is well combined.
2. judge ultrasound detection that combination interface has not molten position, carry out section coloration detection and turn out to be incomplete fusion,
Sampling Metallographic Analysis is interface incomplete fusion, sees Figure 11-1, Figure 11-2.
3. it is judged as the position that there are other defects to ultrasound detection, Liquid penetrant testing is carried out after dissection and confirms really to lack for pore
Fall into, see Figure 12.
It is understood that above with respect to the specific descriptions of the present invention, being merely to illustrate the present invention and being not limited to this
Technical scheme described by inventive embodiments, it will be understood by those within the art that, still the present invention can be carried out
Modification or equivalent, to reach identical technique effect；As long as meet use needs, all protection scope of the present invention it
It is interior.
Claims (10)
1. porosity supersonic detection method continuously, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
1）Adjustment ultrasonic measurement reference sensitivity；
2）In part surface to be measured bigness scale, the position of fine copper pipe laying is found out, and pipe laying station diagram is marked on part to be measured；
3）Broken line scanning is carried out on station diagram with supersonic detector, thickness is measured, minimum of a value is found out and is marked；
4）Porosity continuously is judged according to measurement thickness and ultrasonic reflections waveform.
2. porosity supersonic detection method continuously according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the step 1）By measuring fine copper
Pipe laying velocity of sound C, selects frequency f and diameter of longitudinal wave probe, probe is placed in into fine copper pipe laying and is completely combined with part to be measured
Position, it is display screen full-scale 80% to adjust first time bottom wave height, in this, as reference sensitivity；By big flat calculating
△=20lg2 λ X/ π Df2Improve △ dB as Scanning sensitivity, in formula λ be wavelength=velocity of sound C/ frequency f, X be fine copper pipe laying away from
The thickness of searching surface, Df is sensitivity foundation.
3. porosity supersonic detection method continuously according to claim 2, it is characterised in that the step 1）When velocity of sound c=
During 4700m/s, selected frequency f be 2.5MHZ, the longitudinal wave probe of a diameter of φ 20mm；From Df=φ 6mm as sensitivity according to
According to.
4. porosity supersonic detection method continuously according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the step 3）Using ultrasonic longitudinal wave
The continuous recording mode broken line scanning of method.
5. porosity supersonic detection method continuously according to claim 4, it is characterised in that the continuous recording mode broken line is swept
Checking method includes：In step 3）The corresponding measurement point of minimum of a value is on dog leg path at fine copper pipe laying width or so 5mm
Thickness is measured respectively, and this thickness is 0.5mm~1mm with the difference of minimum of a value.
6. porosity supersonic detection method continuously according to claim 5, it is characterised in that the difference is 0.7mm.
7. porosity supersonic detection method continuously according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the step 4）Determination methods bag
Include：When simultaneously two interface echo shapes, first nearer waveform F1 of its middle-range surface occurs in ultrasonic wave oscillography screen display
It is more than 50% with the ratio of second interface echo shape F2 wave height or second interface echo F2 does not occur, only occurs for the first time
Back wave F1 and crest be sharp, active then judges there is incomplete fusion defect.
8. porosity supersonic detection method continuously according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the step 4）Determination methods bag
Include：When there is display waveform between fine copper pipe laying outer wall and part outer wall to be measured, then there is incomplete fusion defect.
9. porosity supersonic detection method continuously according to claim 8, it is characterised in that can according to the display waveform feature
Judge following four defect：1. pore has single intensive chain, and typically in spherical or oval pore, and surface is smooth；Waveform
Back wave crest height of wave is characterized in that, face is precipitous, sensitiveness is strong, and crest is single, root is clear, when probe is mobile, single pore is one
Individual more stable pulse ripple, linear porosity can occur continuously defect waves, and porosity is then several defect waves；②
Slag inclusion；Corner angle are carried in representative workpiece, echo character and the regularity of distribution are that echo is weaker, different azimuth detection echo changes not
Greatly；3. shrinkage cavity defect is characterized in that intensive shrinkage porosite, and in dendroid, central pipe is in a tubular form；Wave character is a ripple multimodal, amplitude
Height, has a significant effect to bottom ripple；4. crack defect feature rock-candy structure, surface relatively light, plastic fracture, rough surface；Echo is special
It is that echo is higher to levy, and, waveform rises one after another during mobile probe, changes greatly to bottom wave action substantially.
10. porosity supersonic detection method continuously according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the step 4）Determination methods bag
Include：The minimum of a value is taken respectively in the part surface segment to be measured, and most minimum of a values tend to a certain numerical value L, i.e. L corresponding points
For the qualified point of porosity continuously；
If there is L' in minimum of a value,（1-1.4 ﹪）（L-D）≤L'≤（1+1.4 ﹪）（L-D）, then L' corresponding points there is incomplete fusion
Defect；
If there is L'' in minimum of a value, L''≤（1-1.4 ﹪）（L-D）, then L'' corresponding points there is gas hole defect；
D is fine copper pipe laying pipe thickness in formula.
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| CN105548353B (en) * | 2015-12-03 | 2019-01-18 | 中国南方航空工业(集团)有限公司 | A kind of ultrasonic wave coating detection method |
| CN108802049A (en) * | 2018-06-19 | 2018-11-13 | 上海大学 | Demarcate the method and its application of joint for resistance spot welding central defect |
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| CN101206195A (en) * | 2006-12-21 | 2008-06-25 | 上海宝钢工业检测公司 | Method for testing burial depth of approximate surface layer defect by ultrasound wave |
| CN101504391A (en) * | 2009-03-11 | 2009-08-12 | 湖南省湘电锅炉压力容器检验中心有限公司 | Root defect detection method for thick-wall large-diameter pipe butt weld |
| CN101726541A (en) * | 2009-12-01 | 2010-06-09 | 河南电力试验研究院 | Power station thick-walled pipeline ultrasonic guided wave detecting method |
| CN102706962A (en) * | 2012-07-05 | 2012-10-03 | 北京中唐电工程咨询有限公司 | Ultrasonic flaw detection device and flaw detection method for thick-wall headers and pipelines |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| JPH0587780A (en) * | 1991-09-30 | 1993-04-06 | Nippon Steel Corp | Method and apparatus for nondestructive inspection of metal pipe |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101206195A (en) * | 2006-12-21 | 2008-06-25 | 上海宝钢工业检测公司 | Method for testing burial depth of approximate surface layer defect by ultrasound wave |
| CN101504391A (en) * | 2009-03-11 | 2009-08-12 | 湖南省湘电锅炉压力容器检验中心有限公司 | Root defect detection method for thick-wall large-diameter pipe butt weld |
| CN101726541A (en) * | 2009-12-01 | 2010-06-09 | 河南电力试验研究院 | Power station thick-walled pipeline ultrasonic guided wave detecting method |
| CN102706962A (en) * | 2012-07-05 | 2012-10-03 | 北京中唐电工程咨询有限公司 | Ultrasonic flaw detection device and flaw detection method for thick-wall headers and pipelines |
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