CN105842341B - A kind of test of intelligentized sound wave transmission method detection foundation pile integrity and analysis method - Google Patents
A kind of test of intelligentized sound wave transmission method detection foundation pile integrity and analysis method Download PDFInfo
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- CN105842341B CN105842341B CN201610331598.1A CN201610331598A CN105842341B CN 105842341 B CN105842341 B CN 105842341B CN 201610331598 A CN201610331598 A CN 201610331598A CN 105842341 B CN105842341 B CN 105842341B
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/04—Analysing solids
- G01N29/048—Marking the faulty objects
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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Abstract
A kind of test of intelligentized sound wave transmission method detection foundation pile integrity and analysis method, based on sound wave transmission method detection data file, calculate the velocity of sound, Mintrop wave wave amplitude, deviation factor of wave, frequency distortion coefficient and signal energy, carry out sound abnormal parameters critical value calculates and anomaly classification, survey line is classified according to classification results, and horizontal profile is classified according to survey line classification, and then determine pile body exception section, form horizontal profile chromatogram, horizontal profile chromatogram is superposed to three dimensional chromatogram, i.e. pile defect distribution map.The present invention is based on acoustic detection technology principle and engineering testing experiences, in sound Parameters Calculation, judgement, classification and comprehensive analysis and graphical display etc. quantitative analysis, reduce the workload and difficulty of manual analysis in data analysis process, reduce misjudgement risk, enrich testing result information content, pile defect distribution map intuitively shows the intensity of anomaly and spatial distribution of pile defect, improves the accuracy and reliability of testing result.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to foundation pile integrity detection data Analysis And Evaluation methods, and acoustic wave transmission is used more particularly to a kind of
The foundation pile integrity detection data Analysis And Evaluation method that method carries out.
Background technology
The widely used piling strtucture of building field at present, the pile body integrity in structure have the safety of building critically important
Influence, the sound wave transmission method ultrasound detection of cast-in-place concrete pile is a kind of side widely used in current pile integrity detection
Method.Existing quality inspection of the piles technical specification, including national sector standard, association criterion and region technical standard, with
Lower technical standard is representative:(1) People's Republic of China's professional standard《Architecture foundation pile inspection specifications》(JGJ 106-
2014);(2) China Engineering Construction Standardization Association's standard《Ultrasound checking concrete defect》(CECS 21:2000).
In above-mentioned technical specification, the essential characteristic of Site Detection data analysis and determination method is:(1) according to Site Detection
Data calculate the velocity of sound, wave amplitude and the dominant frequency of each survey line, drafting sound parameter-depth curve;(2) velocity of sound of each detection section is calculated
It is abnormal to judge critical value, sentenced using the acoustic velocity anomaly of arithmetic mean of instantaneous value as each survey line of each detection section acoustic velocity anomaly critical value
Disconnected critical value, and judge abnormal acoustic velocity value;(3) it calculates detection section wave amplitude and judges critical value, and judge wave amplitude exceptional value extremely;
(4) it is determined as exception when dominant frequency and energy are substantially reduced;(5) according to the acoustic feature of pile body exception survey line and spatial distribution model
Enclose the judgement spatial distribution range of pile defect and pile body integrity classification.
In addition, the parameters,acoustic for having used some non-quantized in the data analysis of above-mentioned regulation and determination method is (such as;Wave
Shape) and to the qualitative description of intensity of anomaly (such as:Slight abnormality, apparent exception, severely subnormal etc.), and lack certain abnormal conditions
Decision principle, so as to cause the blind area of judgment basis, there are considerable degree of artificial decision factor during result judgement,
Such as:
(1) waveform is the sensitive parameter with the presence or absence of defect and defect severity in reflecting wave propagation path, but
Only waveform is made in regulation qualitative description without establish describe Wave anomaly whether and intensity of anomaly quantization parameter;
(2) whether judging the critical value judgement velocity of sound, the exception of wave amplitude in regulation with the velocity of sound, the exception of wave amplitude, but it is different to its
Chang Chengdu only qualitatively describes (slight, apparent, serious) without quantifiable confining method;
(3) dominant frequency and signal energy are considered as auxiliary parameter in regulation, illustrate to can determine that at parameter " being substantially reduced " for
It is abnormal, but there is no the quantizating index of " being substantially reduced ";
(4) do not have in regulation various sound parameters of the explanation when same survey line it is abnormal whether and intensity of anomaly mutually it
Between it is inconsistent when, how to define the exception of survey lineBut whether survey line is abnormal and intensity of anomaly directly corresponds to survey line path coagulation
Soil property amount, it is possible to and the judgement of parameter at the sound should be provided by survey line survey line it is abnormal whether and intensity of anomaly sentence
It is fixed, to characterize the quality of survey line path concrete;
(5) regulation is only gived judges according to sound parameter intensity of anomaly and abnormal survey line longitudinal direction with lateral distribution situation
The principle of pile body integrity classification, but and the not yet explicitly distribution of different severity defects and space bit in pile defect section
The determination method put, it is impossible to meet and further be positioned for defect in the coring verification in later stage and progress defect mending reinforcing
Demand.Thus, it is desirable to relatively complicated artificial later stage comprehensive analysis, improves to tester's professional knowledge and test warp
The requirement tested, workload and work difficulty are larger, also increase the uncertainty of testing result.
Therefore, it is badly in need of the analysis method of a set of more intelligent sound wave transmission method detection pile body integrity at present.
Invention content
The purpose of the present invention is under the premise of not runed counter to current art regulatory requirements, for all described in technical background
Mostly uncertain decision factor results in the need for the technical issues of tester carries out the analysis of later stage artificial comprehensive, based on Acoustic detection skill
The support of art principle and many project detection practical experience provides a kind of intelligentized sound wave transmission method detection foundation pile integrity
Test and analysis method, in the aspects quantitative analysis such as sound Parameters Calculation, judgement, classification and comprehensive analysis and graphical display,
The workload and analysis difficulty that artificial comprehensive is analyzed in detection data analytic process are reduced, reduces misjudgement risk, while into one
Step enriches the information content of testing result, and pile body exceptions area segment figure intuitive display describes the intensity of anomaly and sky of pile defect
Between position, improve the accuracy and reliability of testing result.
To realize the above-mentioned technical purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme that:
A kind of test of intelligentized sound wave transmission method detection foundation pile integrity and analysis method, it is characterised in that:
Step 1:Site Detection:Sound wave transmission method detection, sound are carried out on the cast-in-place concrete pile for completing embedded sound detecting pipe
Test tube arranges along on the inside of steel reinforcement cage in symmetric shape, according to stake diameter size, sound detecting pipe quantity for 2,3,4 or 4 with
On;Transmitting is respectively placed in two sound detecting pipes with receiving energy converter and remains same depth, and promotion is synced up from stake bottom;
Sounding line spacing is not more than 100mm;Real-time display, the Signal off-set curve for recording every sounding line, read Mintrop wave sound when, Mintrop wave
Amplitude preserves the waveform sample for being no less than 15 complete waveforms, obtains pile body sound wave transmission method detection data file.
Step 2:Determine target sound parameter;Based on pile body sound wave transmission method detection data file, determine that target sound is joined
Amount
Step 3:Sound parameter calculates:The data measured using step 1 are respectively calculated and obtain actual measurement sound parameter;
Step 4:Sound abnormal parameters critical value calculates and anomaly classification:Calculate anomaly classification circle of each target sound parameter
It is compared by definite value with actual measurement sound parameter respectively, whether judgement sound parameter is abnormal, and classifies according to intensity of anomaly;
Step 5:Survey line is classified according to survey line sound parameter abnormal class:According to the sound parameter corresponding to same survey line
Abnormal class whether judgement survey line is abnormal, and classifies to the intensity of anomaly of abnormal survey line;
Step 6:Horizontal profile is classified:Survey line classification, adjacent longitudinal survey line continuity in comprehensive same level section,
Horizontal profile exception survey line ratio classifies to horizontal profile;
Step 7:Pile body exception section judges and classification:Abnormal class judgement level according to survey line in horizontal profile is cutd open
Whether face belongs to pile body exception section, determines the elevation boundary of exception section, and classifies to abnormal section;
Step 8:Classify to pile body integrity:The type of pile body exception section according to obtained by step 7 and its
Distribution, classifies to pile body integrity;
Step 9:Draw pile body horizontal profile spatial abnormal feature chromatogram and pile defect distribution chromatogram:According to survey line class
Not Que Ding corresponding region chromatography, form horizontal profile chromatogram, horizontal profile chromatogram is superposed to pile body three dimensional chromatogram, i.e.,
Pile defect distribution map, so far, the test of intelligentized sound wave transmission method detection foundation pile integrity are completed with analysis.
In the step 2, there are five types of the target sound parameters, respectively the velocity of sound, Mintrop wave wave amplitude, deviation factor of wave, frequency
Rate distortion factor and signal energy.
Wherein, the deviation factor of wave Ri is the cross-correlation coefficient of received wave and standard wavelet, and characterization receives waveform phase
To the distortion degree of standard wavelet, the frequency distortion coefficient FciRespective frequencies are composed for received wave and standard wavelet Frequency and Amplitude
Range value difference quadratic sum, characterization received wave relative standard wavelet dominant frequency and frequency spectrum energy variation;
In the step 3, deviation factor of wave Ri is calculated by formula (1) and formula (2), frequency distortion coefficient FciIt is logical
It crosses formula (3) formula (4) and formula (5) is calculated:
Ri=MAX [Ri(m)](2)
In formula:
fci(the received wave sampled data of k Δs t)-measuring point i interceptions
fb(the sampled data of k Δs t)-standard wavelet;
Δ t-waveform time domain sampling interval;
N-waveform sampling points;
The sample points for m-moved backward with received wave Mintrop wave take-off sample point along time series;
(m=1,2,3 ... ... 100)
Fci(the received wave Frequency and Amplitude spectrum of k Δs f)-point i;
Fb(k Δs f)-standard wavelet Frequency and Amplitude spectrum.
Further, in the step 4, each sound parameter is divided into 4 classes:Normally, slight abnormality, apparent abnormal and tight
Weight is abnormal, and the confining method that the anomaly classification of target sound parameter defines value is respectively:
(1) velocity of sound
The normal velocity of sound:Vi≥Vc;
Slight abnormality:Vb≤Vi < Vc;
It is apparent abnormal:VL≤Vi < Vb;
Severely subnormal:Vi < VL;
Wherein, Vc judges critical value for acoustic velocity anomaly, and VL is velocity of sound lower limit value, Vb=1/2 (Vc+VL);
(2) Mintrop wave wave amplitude
Normal wave amplitude:Ai≥Ac;
Slight abnormality:Ac1≤Ai < Ac;
It is apparent abnormal:Ac2≤Ai < Ac1;
Severely subnormal Ai≤Ac2;
Wherein, Am is Mintrop wave wave amplitude average value, abnormal to judge critical value Ac=Am-6, Ac1=Ac-3=Am-9,
Ac2=A1-3=Am-12;
(3) deviation factor of wave
Value R is defined using unified deviation factor of wave and defines Wave anomaly degree;
Normal waveform 1 >=Ri >=0.4;
0.4 > Ri >=0.3 of slight abnormality waveform;
Apparent 0.3 > Ri >=0.2 of unusual waveforms;
Severely subnormal waveform Ri < 0.2;
(4) frequency distortion coefficient
Value FC is defined using unified frequency distortion coefficient and defines waveform frequency intensity of anomaly;
Normal 1 >=FCi >=0.4;
0.4 > FCi >=0.3 of slight abnormality;
Apparent abnormal 0.3 > FCi >=0.2;
Severely subnormal FCi < 0.2;
(5) signal energy
Normal Ei >=Ec;
Slight abnormality Ec1≤Ei < Ec;
Apparent exception Ec2≤Ei < Ec1;
Severely subnormal Ei≤Ec2;
Wherein, Em be signal energy average value, Ec=Em-6, Ec1=Ec-3=Em-9,
Ec2=E1-3=Em-12.
Further, in the step 5, the classification of survey line has four classes, normal, slight abnormality, apparent abnormal and serious different
Often;During classification, five kinds of sound parameters of same survey line are divided into three classes, the first kind is the velocity of sound, and the second class is first wave amplitude and letter
Number energy, third class is deviation factor of wave and frequency distortion coefficient, if having in the above-mentioned three classes sound parameter of same survey line
More than two classes or two classes there is exception, that is, judge the survey line for exception, if only a kind of abnormal, which is normal.
Further, when classifying to survey line intensity of anomaly, if only there are one sound abnormal parameters in same class sound parameter, with this
The classification of sound parameter is the classification of such sound parameter;If there are two abnormal sound parameters in same class sound parameter, if abnormal class
Respectively slight abnormality and apparent abnormal or apparent exception and severely subnormal, using more serious classification as such sound parameter
Classification;If abnormal class is slight abnormality and severely subnormal, the classification of such sound parameter is apparent abnormal;There are the two class sound parameters different
Often:If all kinds of exceptions are slight abnormality and apparent abnormal or apparent exception and severely subnormal, survey line takes the more serious classification to be
Survey line classification;If all kinds of exceptions are slight abnormality and severely subnormal, survey line classification is apparent abnormal;If three classes sound parameter is different
Often, survey line takes the classification placed in the middle that sorts.
Further, in the step 7, the horizontal profile there are abnormal survey line is defective horizontal profile, judges water
When whether flat cutting faces belong to pile body exception section, according in the quantity of abnormal survey line, intensity of anomaly and adjacent longitudinal profile
Whether continued presence exception survey line, to judge that horizontal profile belongs to pile body exception section, the section of continuous abnormal is merged into
One pile body exception section, and determine the elevation up and down of abnormal section, the section grade for taking most serious in pile body exception section is
The abnormal class of entire pile body exception section.
Further, in the step 8, pile body integrity class is determined according to the type of pile body exception section and distribution
Not, using the pile body exception section grade of most serious as full pile integrality classification.
Further, in the step 9, according to quantity, position and the intensity of anomaly of survey line abnormal in horizontal profile,
The range and abnormal class of abnormal area in horizontal profile are defined, each classification is marked respectively with different color, according to
Survey line abnormal class determines the chromatography of corresponding region, forms horizontal profile chromatogram;Horizontal profile chromatogram is longitudinally superimposed shape
Into pile body three dimensional chromatogram, i.e. pile defect distribution map.
Compared with prior art, the technical advantages of the present invention are that:
1st, to the optimization and quantization of on-the-spot test sound parameter:In existing regulation general quantifiable sound parameter include the velocity of sound,
Mintrop wave wave amplitude, dominant frequency, signal energy;Qualitative sound parameter is waveform, and of the invention 5 can quantify sound parameter and include:The velocity of sound, head
Dominant frequency in regulation is changed to frequency distortion coefficient by wave wave amplitude, deviation factor of wave, frequency distortion coefficient and signal energy, and
Using deviation factor of wave as the quantization parameter of description waveform;
2nd, in the prior art for the velocity of sound and Mintrop wave wave amplitude define it is abnormal judge critical value, but for intensity of anomaly be by
Tester voluntarily judges, for other sound parameters it is abnormal whether without quantization criterion, it is of the invention by sound parameter
It is determined as 4 classes:Normally, slight abnormality, hence it is evident that abnormal, severely subnormal, and propose the classification confining method of each sound parameter;
3rd, lack the judgement of survey line abnormal class in the prior art, a variety of sound parameter classifications of present invention foundation survey line are to this
Judged whether survey line is abnormal with abnormal class;
4th, lack the judgement of horizontal profile classification in the prior art, the present invention has the horizontal profile of abnormal survey line for judgement
Belong to defective horizontal profile, pass through abnormal survey line quantity, intensity of anomaly and the adjacent longitudinal profile in the horizontal profile
Inside whether continued presence exception survey line judges that the horizontal profile belongs to the type of defect;
5th, directly artificially judge pile body integrity classification according to sound parameter situation in the prior art, the present invention is according to level
The section of continuous abnormal is merged into an abnormal section by section classification, and the section grade for taking most serious in abnormal section is whole
The abnormal class of a section obtains full pile defect section and summarizes list, pile body integrity judgement classification is finally provided, with most tight
The abnormal section grade of weight is as full pile integrality classification;
6th, lack the graphical display of pile defect distribution, the present invention only to parameter-depth curve figure of speaking in the prior art
Pile defect distribution pattern is provided, further provides the spatial position of all abnormal sections, gross dimensions, different in abnormal section
Often distribution is the abundant and supplement to pile body integrity judgement result;
To sum up, the present invention is based on the support of acoustic detection technology principle and many project detection practical experience, in sound parameter
Calculating, judgement, classification and the aspects quantitative analysis such as comprehensive analysis and graphical display, reduce people in detection data analytic process
The workload of work comprehensive analysis and analysis difficulty, reduce misjudgement risk, while further enrich the information content of testing result,
Pile body exceptions area segment figure intuitive display describes intensity of anomaly and the spatial position of pile defect, improves the standard of testing result
True property and reliability.
Description of the drawings
By the detailed description made in conjunction with the following drawings, above-mentioned and/or other aspects of the invention and advantage will become
It becoming apparent from and is easier to understand, these attached drawings are only schematical, are not intended to limit the present invention, wherein:
The abnormal survey line of three sounding pile piles corresponds to defect area schematic diagram when Fig. 1 is 1 abnormal survey line:
The abnormal survey line of three sounding pile piles corresponds to defect area schematic diagram when Fig. 2 is 2 abnormal surveys line:
The abnormal survey line of three sounding pile piles corresponds to defect area schematic diagram when Fig. 3 is 3 abnormal surveys line;
The abnormal survey line of four sounding pile piles corresponds to defect area schematic diagram when Fig. 4 is 1 abnormal survey line:
The abnormal survey line of four sounding pile piles corresponds to defect area schematic diagram when Fig. 5 is 2 abnormal surveys line:
The abnormal survey line of four sounding pile piles corresponds to defect area schematic diagram when Fig. 6 is 3 abnormal surveys line;
For diagonal survey line, region shows the defects of four sounding pile piles of increase pile center abnormal area when all abnormal in Fig. 7
It is intended to;
Fig. 8 is the correspondence defect area schematic diagram of four sounding pile piles of 4 survey line exceptions in addition to diagonal survey line;
The abnormal survey line of four sounding pile piles corresponds to defect area schematic diagram when Fig. 9 is 6 abnormal surveys line;
Figure 10 is the chromatography schematic diagram that different surveys line correspond to abnormal area;
Figure 11 is the structure diagram of 3 D stereo chromatogram that horizontal profile chromatogram is formed by stacking according to longitudinal elevation;
Figure 12 is survey line and profile anomaly classification results schematic diagram;
Figure 13 pile defect distribution results schematic diagrames;
Figure 14 is the sound parameter-depth curve figure obtained.
Specific embodiment
Hereinafter, the test of the intelligentized sound wave transmission method detection foundation pile integrity of the present invention is described with reference to the accompanying drawings
With the embodiment of analysis method.
Specific specific embodiment of the embodiment recorded herein for the present invention, for illustrating the design of the present invention,
It is explanatory and illustrative, should not be construed as the limitation to embodiment of the present invention and the scope of the invention.Except what is recorded herein
Outside embodiment, those skilled in the art also be able to based on the application claims and specification disclosure of that using aobvious and
The other technical solutions being clear to, these technical solutions include any obvious using making for the embodiment to recording herein
The technical solution of substitutions and modifications.
The attached drawing of this specification is schematic diagram, aids in illustrating the design of the present invention, it is schematically indicated the shape of each section
And its correlation.Note that for the ease of clearly show the embodiment of the present invention each component structure, between each attached drawing
Do not drawn according to identical ratio.Identical reference marker is used to represent identical part.
A kind of test of intelligentized sound wave transmission method detection foundation pile integrity and analysis method,
Site Detection:Sound wave transmission method detection, sound detecting pipe edge are carried out on the cast-in-place concrete pile for completing embedded sound detecting pipe
It is arranged on the inside of steel reinforcement cage in symmetric shape, sound detecting pipe quantity is 3;Transmitting is respectively placed in receiving energy converter in two sound detecting pipes
And remain same depth, sync up promotion from stake bottom;Sounding line spacing is 100mm;Real-time display records every sound
The Signal off-set curve of survey line when reading Mintrop wave sound, first wave amplitude, preserves the waveform sample for being no less than 15 complete waveforms, obtains
Obtain pile body sound wave transmission method detection data file;
The calculating of sound parameter-and based on pile body sound wave transmission method detection data file, calculate the velocity of sound, Mintrop wave wave amplitude, wave
Shape distortion factor, frequency distortion coefficient and signal energy;
Sound abnormal parameters critical value calculates and anomaly classification, and sound parameter is divided into 4 classes:Normally, slight abnormality, hence it is evident that different
Often, severely subnormal;
Survey line is divided into 4 classes according to survey line sound parameter classification:Normally, slight abnormality, hence it is evident that abnormal, severely subnormal;
Survey line classification, adjacent longitudinal survey line continuity, horizontal profile exception survey line ratio in comprehensive same level section
Horizontal profile is classified as 4 classes:Normally, slight abnormality, hence it is evident that abnormal, severely subnormal;
Pile body exception section judges:Continuous abnormal section forms an abnormal section, determines the elevation side of exception section
Boundary;
The chromatography of corresponding region is determined according to survey line classification, forms horizontal profile chromatogram, the superposition of horizontal profile chromatogram
For pile body three dimensional chromatogram-pile defect distribution map.
Concrete analysis process is described below:
1st, to the optimization and quantization of on-the-spot test sound parameter:
Quantifiable sound parameter includes the velocity of sound, Mintrop wave wave amplitude, dominant frequency, signal energy in regulation;Qualitative sound parameter is waveform.
5 of the present invention can quantify sound parameter and include:The velocity of sound, Mintrop wave wave amplitude, deviation factor of wave, frequency distortion coefficient,
Signal energy.Dominant frequency in regulation is changed to frequency distortion coefficient, and using deviation factor of wave as the quantization ginseng of description waveform
Amount.
(1) velocity of sound Vi:It is defined with regulation identical;
(2) Mintrop wave wave amplitude Ai:It is defined with regulation identical;
(3) frequency distortion coefficient Fi:The received wave spectrum energy summation and standard wavelet spectrum energy of enough long durations are total
The ratio between with, " enough long durations " is 10 or more the complete waveform periods (following similar) lighted from waveform starting,
Received wave amplitude spectrum:
Standard wavelet amplitude spectrum:
Frequency distortion coefficient:
Wherein, Fi (k △ t):The received wave sampled data of measuring point i;fb(k△t):The sampled data of standard wavelet, k=0,
1,2….(N-1);△t:The waveform time domain sampling interval;N:Intercept wave band sample number;
Frequency distortion coefficient FiRepresent received wave amplitude spectrum and the amplitude variable quantity of the various frequencies of standard wavelet amplitude spectrum
Quadratic sum, the various variations such as dominant frequency drift, amplitude variation in concentrated expression frequency spectrum, frequency distortion coefficient is smaller shows to receive
The amplitude spectrum of wave and the amplitude spectrum of standard wavelet are closer, and the density of concrete is higher, and the only table of the frequency shift in regulation
Show the variation of the dominant frequency of received wave, as the frequency parameter of judgement defect, frequency distortion coefficient ratio dominant frequency is more sensitive and effective.
(4) deviation factor of wave Ri:The related coefficient of the received wave and standard wavelet of enough long durations, characterization receive waveform
Distortion degree, Ri is the maximum value in m deviation factor of wave:
Ri=MAX [Ri(m)]
Wherein, the sample points that m- is moved backward with received wave Mintrop wave take-off sample point along time series;
Ri (m)-received wave fciWith standard wavelet fbM-th of wave distortion system of (lag m points) under different hysteresis conditions
Number.
(5) signal energy Ei (j):Enough long durations are averaged after the amplitude absolute value summation for receiving wave time domain samples is inscribed,
Signal energy reflects gross energy attenuation of the sound wave in concrete medium on various acoustic propagation paths, and influence area is big
In Mintrop wave.
2nd, judge whether the exception of sound parameter with the quantization of intensity of anomaly
Exception is defined for the velocity of sound and Mintrop wave wave amplitude in regulation and judges critical value, but be by tester for intensity of anomaly
Member voluntarily judges, for other sound parameters it is abnormal whether without quantization criterion.The present invention is to judge sound parameter
For 4 classes:Normally (class number 0), slight abnormality (class number 1), hence it is evident that abnormal (class number 2), severely subnormal (compile by classification
Number 3).Each sound parametric classification confining method is respectively:
(1) velocity of sound:Judge that critical value Vc and velocity of sound lower limit value VL define the intensity of anomaly of velocity of sound Vi with acoustic velocity anomaly,
The normal velocity of sound:Vi≥Vc
Slight abnormality:Vb≤Vi < Vc
It is apparent abnormal:VL≤Vi < Vb
Severely subnormal:Vi < VL
In formula:Vc:Section acoustic velocity anomaly judges critical value, and circular is shown in architecture foundation pile inspection specifications (JGJ
106-2014);VL:The velocity of sound lower limit value of tester's input, Vb=1/2 (Vc+VL)
(2) Mintrop wave wave amplitude:
In formula:Am is Mintrop wave wave amplitude average value
It enables:Ac=Am-6, Ac1=Ac-3=Am-9, Ac2=A1-3=Am-12
(3) waveform:Value judgement Wave anomaly degree is defined using unified deviation factor of wave.
It enables:Rc=0.4, Rc1=0.3, Rc2=0.2
(4) frequency distortion coefficient:The intensity of anomaly of value judgement waveform frequency is defined using unified frequency distortion coefficient,
It enables:Fc=0.4, Fc1=0.3, Fc2=0.2
(5) signal energy:Signal energy classification defines value and is:
In formula:Em is signal energy average value:Em=∑s Ei
It enables:Ec=Em-6
Ec1=Ec-3=Em-9
Ec2=E1-3=Em-12
3rd, survey line abnormal class judges:
Judgement in regulation without survey line abnormal class, a variety of sound parameter classifications of present invention foundation survey line are to the survey line
Judged whether abnormal with abnormal class.Survey line classification is provided according to judgement result:Normally (class number 0), slight abnormality
(class number 1), hence it is evident that abnormal (class number 2), severely subnormal (class number 3).By five kinds of sound parameters of same survey line
It is divided into three classes:The first kind:The velocity of sound;Second class:Amplitude and energy;Third class:Deviation factor of wave and frequency distortion coefficient.Same
Have in the three classes sound parameter of one survey line and more than 2 classes or 2 classes there is exception, that is, judge the survey line for exception, if only a kind of different
Often, then the survey line is normal.
Classify to survey line intensity of anomaly:
If only 1 sound abnormal parameters in same class sound parameter, using the classification of the sound parameter as the classification of such sound parameter;
If there are 2 abnormal sound parameters in same class sound parameter, if abnormal class is respectively (1 and 2 or 2 and 3), with compared with
For classification of the serious classification as such sound parameter.If abnormal class is (1 and 3), the classification of such sound parameter is 2.
There are 2 class sound abnormal parameters:If all kinds of exceptions are (1 and 2 or 2 and 3), it is survey line class that survey line, which takes more serious classification,
Not;If all kinds of exceptions are (1 and 3), survey line classification is 2.
If 3 class sound parameters are exception, survey line takes the classification placed in the middle that sorts.
4th, the abnormal area judgement of horizontal profile
Judgement in regulation without horizontal profile classification, the present invention belong to defective in the horizontal profile of abnormal survey line
Horizontal profile, by whether continuously being deposited in abnormal survey line quantity in the horizontal profile, intensity of anomaly and adjacent longitudinal profile
Judge that the horizontal profile belongs to the type of defect in abnormal survey line.Profile classification code:Normally (class number 0), slightly
Abnormal (class number 1), hence it is evident that abnormal (class number 2), severely subnormal (class number 3) are specifically shown in Table 1:
1. horizontal profile kind judging table of table
5th, pile body integrity judges
Directly artificially judge pile body integrity classification according to sound parameter situation in regulation.The present invention is according to horizontal profile class
Not, the section of continuous abnormal is merged into an abnormal section, the section grade for taking most serious in abnormal section is entire section
Abnormal class.It obtains full pile defect section and summarizes list, finally provide pile body integrity judgement classification:With the different of most serious
Normal section grade is as full pile integrality classification.
6th, pile defect distribution pattern is shown
The graphical display that regulation is distributed without pile defect, the present invention provide pile defect distribution pattern, further give
Go out the spatial positions of all abnormal sections, gross dimensions, the spatial abnormal feature in abnormal section.It is that result is judged to pile body integrity
Abundant and supplement.Pile defect distribution map step is as follows:
(1) with unified chromatography characterization it is abnormal whether and intensity of anomaly, suitable for sound parameter, survey line, horizontal profile and pile body
4 classification corresponding to defect, determine corresponding chromatography of specifically classifying;
(2) corresponding region of survey line coverage in horizontal profile is defined, according to the survey line category definition in horizontal profile
The range and abnormal class of abnormal area in horizontal profile form horizontal profile abnormal area chromatogram, such as Fig. 1-11, in figure
Shadow region represents corresponding defect area.
Wherein, Fig. 1-3 is the abnormal survey line schematic diagram of three sounding pile piles, and totally three surveys line, Fig. 1 show 1 exception
The abnormal survey line of three sounding pile piles corresponds to defect area schematic diagram during survey line:Three soundings when Fig. 2 show 2 abnormal surveys line
The abnormal survey line of pile pile corresponds to defect area schematic diagram:The abnormal survey line of three sounding pile piles when Fig. 3 show 3 abnormal surveys line
Corresponding defect area schematic diagram;
Fig. 4-9 is the abnormal survey line schematic diagram of four sounding pile piles, totally six surveys line, when Fig. 4 show 1 abnormal survey line
The abnormal survey line of four sounding pile piles corresponds to defect area schematic diagram:Four sounding pile piles when Fig. 5 show 2 abnormal surveys line
Abnormal survey line corresponds to defect area schematic diagram:The abnormal survey line of four sounding pile piles, which corresponds to, when Fig. 6 show 3 abnormal surveys line lacks
Fall into area schematic;In Fig. 7, when diagonal survey line is all abnormal, increase pile center's abnormal area;Fig. 8 is 4 in addition to diagonal survey line
The correspondence defect area schematic diagram of survey line exception;The abnormal survey line of four sounding pile piles, which corresponds to, when Fig. 9 is 6 abnormal surveys line lacks
Fall into area schematic.
(3) chromatography that different surveys line correspond to abnormal area is further discriminated between in abnormal area according to survey line indexing extremely,
As shown in Figure 10;
(4) horizontal profile chromatogram is superposed to 3 D stereo chromatogram according to longitudinal elevation, it can central axis along longitudinal direction
Observation, such as Figure 11.
3rd, compare code method and the data processed result of the present invention:
Pre-buried three sound detecting pipes, the long 19.00m of stake, stake diameter 1200mm, survey line spacing:10cm, sampling period:0.4 μ s, sample
This quantity:1024, tube spacing:Pipe 1-2:800mm, pipe 2-3 spacing:780mm, pipe 3-1 spacing:810mm;
It is with result using this method flow chart of data processing;Sound parameter result of calculation is shown in Table 2, and sound parameter anomaly classification defines
Value result of calculation is shown in Table 3, and survey line is shown in Figure 12 with profile anomaly classification results, and pile defect section, which summarizes, is shown in Table 4, pile body integrity
Kind judging be 3 class stakes, pile defect distribution map such as Figure 13, according to technical regulation computational methods acquisition sound parameter-depth curve
Figure such as Figure 14, tester according to the spatial position of sound parameter-depth curve judgement pile defect section in vertical section each in figure and
Intensity of anomaly.
2. sound parameter result of calculation of table (summary of ×× position data)
3. sound parameter anomaly classification of table defines value result of calculation
4. pile defect section summarized results of table
Elevation starting point | Elevation terminal | Defect section longitudinal direction height | Abnormal class | |
1 | -8.20m | -8.90m | 700mm | Severely subnormal |
2 | -18.60 | -19.0 | 400mm | Severely subnormal |
Each technical characteristic of above-mentioned disclosure is not limited to disclosed and other feature combination, and those skilled in the art are also
Other combinations between each technical characteristic can be carried out according to the purpose of invention, are subject to the purpose for realizing the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. test and the analysis method of a kind of intelligentized sound wave transmission method detection foundation pile integrity, which is characterized in that
Step 1:Site Detection:Sound wave transmission method detection, sound detecting pipe are carried out on the cast-in-place concrete pile for completing embedded sound detecting pipe
It is arranged on the inside of along steel reinforcement cage in symmetric shape;Transmitting is respectively placed in two sound detecting pipes with reception energy converter and remains identical
Depth syncs up promotion from stake bottom;Sounding line spacing is not more than 100mm;Real-time display, when recording the signal of every sounding line
Away from curve, when reading Mintrop wave sound, first wave amplitude, the waveform sample for being no less than 15 complete waveforms is preserved, it is saturating to obtain pile body sound wave
Penetrate method detection data file;
Step 2:Determine target sound parameter;Based on pile body sound wave transmission method detection data file, target sound parameter is determined;
Step 3:Sound parameter calculates:The data measured using step 1 are respectively calculated and obtain actual measurement sound parameter;
Step 4:Sound abnormal parameters critical value calculates and anomaly classification:The anomaly classification for calculating each target sound parameter defines value,
It with actual measurement sound parameter is compared respectively, whether judgement sound parameter is abnormal, and is classified according to intensity of anomaly;
Step 5:Survey line is classified according to survey line sound parameter abnormal class:It is abnormal according to the sound parameter corresponding to same survey line
Classification whether judgement survey line is abnormal, and classifies to the intensity of anomaly of abnormal survey line;
Step 6:Horizontal profile is classified:Survey line classification, adjacent longitudinal survey line continuity, level in comprehensive same level section
Profile anomaly survey line ratio carries out anomaly classification to horizontal profile;
Step 7:Pile body exception section judges and classification:Abnormal class according to survey line in horizontal profile judges that horizontal profile is
It is no to belong to pile body exception section, determine the elevation boundary of pile body exception section, and classify to abnormal section;
Step 8:Classify to pile body integrity:The type of pile body exception section according to obtained by step 7 and its distribution,
Classify to pile body integrity;
Step 9:Draw pile body horizontal profile spatial abnormal feature chromatogram and pile defect distribution chromatogram:It is true according to survey line classification
Determine the chromatography of corresponding region, form horizontal profile chromatogram, horizontal profile chromatogram is superposed to pile body three dimensional chromatogram, i.e. pile body
Defect map, so far, the test of intelligentized sound wave transmission method detection foundation pile integrity are completed with analysis.
2. test and the analysis method of intelligentized sound wave transmission method detection foundation pile integrity according to claim 1,
It is characterized in that:In the step 2, there are five types of the target sound parameters, respectively the velocity of sound, Mintrop wave wave amplitude, deviation factor of wave,
Frequency distortion coefficient and signal energy.
3. test and the analysis method of intelligentized sound wave transmission method detection foundation pile integrity according to claim 2,
It is characterized in that:The deviation factor of wave Ri is the cross-correlation coefficient of received wave and standard wavelet, and characterization receives waveform and marks relatively
The distortion degree of quasi- wavelet;The frequency distortion coefficient FciThe width of respective frequencies is composed for received wave and standard wavelet Frequency and Amplitude
The quadratic sum of the difference of angle value, characterization received wave relative standard wavelet is in the variation of dominant frequency and frequency spectrum energy;Deviation factor of wave
Ri is calculated by formula (1) and formula (2), frequency distortion coefficient FciIt is calculated by formula (3), formula (4) and formula (5):
Ri=MAX [Ri(m)] (2)
In formula:
fci(the received wave sampled data of k Δs t)-measuring point i interceptions;
fb(the sampled data of k Δs t)-standard wavelet;
Δ t-waveform time domain sampling interval;
N-waveform sampling points;
The sample points for m-moved backward with received wave Mintrop wave take-off sample point along time series;
(m=1,2,3 ... ... 100)
Fci(the received wave Frequency and Amplitude spectrum of k Δs f)-point i;
Fb(k Δs f)-standard wavelet Frequency and Amplitude spectrum.
4. test and the analysis method of intelligentized sound wave transmission method detection foundation pile integrity according to claim 2,
It is characterized in that:In the step 4, the intensity of anomaly of each sound parameter is divided into 4 classes:Normally, slight abnormality, it is apparent abnormal and
Severely subnormal.
5. test and the analysis method of intelligentized sound wave transmission method detection foundation pile integrity according to claim 4,
It is characterized in that:The confining method that the anomaly classification of the target sound parameter defines value is respectively:
(1) velocity of sound
The normal velocity of sound:Vi≥Vc;
Slight abnormality:Vb≤Vi < Vc;
It is apparent abnormal:VL≤Vi < Vb;
Severely subnormal:Vi < VL;
Wherein, Vc judges critical value for acoustic velocity anomaly, and VL is velocity of sound lower limit value, Vb=1/2 (Vc+VL);
(2) Mintrop wave wave amplitude
Normal wave amplitude:Ai≥Ac;
Slight abnormality:Ac1≤Ai < Ac;
It is apparent abnormal:Ac2≤Ai < Ac1;
Severely subnormal Ai≤Ac2;
Wherein, Am is Mintrop wave wave amplitude average value, abnormal to judge critical value Ac=Am-6, Ac1=Ac-3=Am-9,
Ac2=A1-3=Am-12;
(3) deviation factor of wave
Value R is defined using unified deviation factor of wave and defines Wave anomaly degree;
Normal waveform 1 >=Ri >=0.4;
0.4 > Ri >=0.3 of slight abnormality waveform;
Apparent 0.3 > Ri >=0.2 of unusual waveforms;
Severely subnormal waveform Ri < 0.2;
(4) frequency distortion coefficient
Value FC is defined using unified frequency distortion coefficient and defines waveform frequency intensity of anomaly;
Normal 1 >=FCi >=0.4;
0.4 > FCi >=0.3 of slight abnormality;
Apparent abnormal 0.3 > FCi >=0.2;
Severely subnormal FCi < 0.2;
(5) signal energy
Normal Ei >=Ec;
Slight abnormality Ec1≤Ei < Ec;
Apparent exception Ec2≤Ei < Ec1;
Severely subnormal Ei≤Ec2;
Wherein, Em be signal energy average value, Ec=Em-6, Ec1=Ec-3=Em-9, Ec2=E1-3=Em-12.
6. test and the analysis method of intelligentized sound wave transmission method detection foundation pile integrity according to claim 2,
It is characterized in that:In the step 5, the classification of survey line has four classes, normal, slight abnormality, apparent exception and severely subnormal;Classification
When, five kinds of sound parameters of same survey line are divided into three classes, the first kind is the velocity of sound, and the second class is first wave amplitude and signal energy,
Third class is deviation factor of wave and frequency distortion coefficient, if having two classes or two in the above-mentioned three classes sound parameter of same survey line
More than class there is exception, that is, judge the survey line for exception, if only a kind of abnormal, which is normal.
7. test and the analysis method of intelligentized sound wave transmission method detection foundation pile integrity according to claim 6,
It is characterized in that:In the step 5, when classifying to survey line intensity of anomaly, if only there are one sound parameter is different in same class sound parameter
Often, using the classification of the sound parameter as the classification of such sound parameter;If there are two abnormal sound parameters in same class sound parameter, if different
Normal classification is respectively slight abnormality and apparent abnormal or apparent exception and severely subnormal, using more serious classification as such sound
The classification of parameter;If abnormal class is slight abnormality and severely subnormal, the classification of such sound parameter is apparent abnormal;There are two class sound
Abnormal parameters:If all kinds of exceptions take more serious for slight abnormality and apparent abnormal or apparent exception and severely subnormal, survey line
Classification is survey line classification;If all kinds of exceptions are slight abnormality and severely subnormal, survey line classification is apparent abnormal;If three classes sound parameter
It is exception, survey line takes the classification placed in the middle that sorts.
8. test and the analysis method of intelligentized sound wave transmission method detection foundation pile integrity according to claim 2,
It is characterized in that:In the step 7, the horizontal profile there are abnormal survey line is defective horizontal profile, and judgement horizontal profile is
It is not no when belonging to pile body exception section, according to whether continuous in the quantity of abnormal survey line, intensity of anomaly and adjacent longitudinal profile
There are abnormal surveys line, and to judge that horizontal profile belongs to pile body exception section, the section of continuous abnormal is merged into a pile body
Abnormal section, and determine the elevation up and down of abnormal section, the section grade for taking most serious in pile body exception section is entire pile body
The abnormal class of abnormal section.
9. test and the analysis method of intelligentized sound wave transmission method detection foundation pile integrity according to claim 5,
It is characterized in that:In the step 8, pile body integrity classification is determined according to the type of pile body exception section and distribution, with most tight
The pile body exception section grade of weight is as full pile integrality classification.
10. test and the analysis method of intelligentized sound wave transmission method detection foundation pile integrity according to claim 5,
It is characterized in that:In the step 9, according to quantity, position and the intensity of anomaly of survey line abnormal in horizontal profile, the level of defining is cutd open
The range and abnormal class of abnormal area, each classification are marked respectively with different color in face, according to survey line exception class
Not Que Ding corresponding region chromatography, formed horizontal profile chromatogram;By horizontal profile chromatogram, longitudinally superposition forms pile body three-dimensional
Chromatogram, i.e. pile defect distribution map.
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CN109507293B (en) * | 2018-09-07 | 2023-05-09 | 中拓科仪(北京)科技有限公司 | Foundation pile imager and method for defining defect position by utilizing sound velocity and energy |
CN110593327B (en) * | 2019-09-19 | 2021-05-14 | 湖北文理学院 | Foundation pile detection method |
CN112302061A (en) * | 2020-09-29 | 2021-02-02 | 安徽省(水利部淮河水利委员会)水利科学研究院(安徽省水利工程质量检测中心站) | Intelligent rapid interpretation method for integrity detection signal of low-strain foundation pile |
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