CN105839165B - 一种奥氏体不锈钢及提高硬度和耐蚀性的处理方法 - Google Patents
一种奥氏体不锈钢及提高硬度和耐蚀性的处理方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开一种奥氏体不锈钢及提高硬度和耐蚀性的处理方法，处理方法，包括步骤：A、对奥氏体不锈钢工件进行渗氮、渗碳或氮碳共渗处理形成渗层；B、在电解液中对奥氏体不锈钢工件进行等离子体电化学处理，对渗层进行抛光的同时形成致密氧化层；C、然后对奥氏体不锈钢工件进行清洗和烘干。本发明采用等离子体电化学工艺对奥氏体不锈钢表面的渗层进行后处理，去除表面易腐蚀层的同时在渗层表面形成一层抗腐蚀的致密氧化层，从而同时提高了工件的硬度和耐蚀性，并且本发明的工艺具有处理速度快，工艺简单的特点，适合于大规模推广使用。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及金属表面处理技术领域，尤其涉及一种奥氏体不锈钢及提高硬度和耐蚀性的处理方法。
背景技术
奥氏体不锈钢耐蚀性（即耐腐蚀性）优异，被广泛用于众多工业领域，但硬度和耐磨性不佳，故限制了其应用。渗氮/碳处理是将氮/碳等元素渗入钢材，形成强化固溶体，能显著增强表面硬度和耐磨性，是常用的表面改性技术。常规高温渗处理温度较高（大于550℃），用于处理奥氏体不锈钢时，虽然可提高工件硬度，但会造成氮化铬或碳化铬析出，腐蚀性显著降低。低温渗处理将温度降低，可以生成高硬度、耐腐蚀的S相，但如果处理时间短则硬度提高有限；处理时间长，生成的S相在后期处理中分解出氮化铬或碳化铬，造成耐腐蚀性下降。
中国专利公告号 1060503（硬质奥氏体不锈钢螺钉及其制备方法），公开了通过酸洗去除外硬层，可以显著提高渗层的耐蚀性，但硬度从1400HV降低到650HV；其他方法如中国专利公告号CN 101896632A在渗氮/碳后通过2次氧化和一次抛光工艺，将渗层表面氧化，使得耐蚀性大幅度提升，但在渗氮后又经历3次工艺，工艺繁琐，处理周期长。
因此，现有技术还有待于改进和发展。
发明内容
鉴于上述现有技术的不足，本发明的目的在于提供一种奥氏体不锈钢及提高硬度和耐蚀性的处理方法，旨在解决现有的处理方法难以同时提高硬度和耐蚀性以及处理工艺复杂等问题。
本发明的技术方案如下：
一种提高奥氏体不锈刚硬度和耐蚀性的处理方法，其中，包括步骤：
A、对奥氏体不锈钢工件进行渗氮、渗碳或氮碳共渗处理形成渗层；
B、在电解液中对奥氏体不锈钢工件进行等离子体电化学处理，对渗层进行抛光的同时形成致密氧化层；
C、然后对奥氏体不锈钢工件进行清洗和烘干。
所述的提高奥氏体不锈刚硬度和耐蚀性的处理方法，其中，所述步骤A中，渗氮、渗碳和氮碳共渗处理均为离子渗、气体渗或液体渗中的一种。
所述的提高奥氏体不锈刚硬度和耐蚀性的处理方法，其中，所述步骤A中，采用氮碳共渗处理方式，且其为离子渗。
所述的提高奥氏体不锈刚硬度和耐蚀性的处理方法，其中，等离子体电化学处理的电解液中，按质量百分比计，包括：六氟铝酸钠5-10%，六偏磷酸钠5-20%，乙二胺四乙酸二钠0.5-2%，十二烷基苯磺酸钠0.5-2%，氢氧化钠1-5%，余量为去离子水。
所述的提高奥氏体不锈刚硬度和耐蚀性的处理方法，其中，等离子体电化学处理中，电源为双极性脉冲电源，奥氏体不锈钢工件为阳极，石墨为阴极，正向电压为600-800V，负向电压为50-200V，电流密度为5-20A/dm2，正向频率为500-800赫兹，负向频率为200-300赫兹，正向占空比为15%-40%，负向占空比为8%-20%，处理时间为0.5-5分钟。
所述的提高奥氏体不锈刚硬度和耐蚀性的处理方法，其中，所述步骤A中，渗层的厚度大于或等于10微米。
所述的提高奥氏体不锈刚硬度和耐蚀性的处理方法，其中，所述步骤A中，渗层的表面硬度大于1200HV。
所述的提高奥氏体不锈刚硬度和耐蚀性的处理方法，其中，所述步骤B中，致密氧化层的厚度为0.05-1微米。
一种奥氏体不锈钢，其中，采用如上所述的方法处理得到。
有益效果：本发明先在奥氏体不锈钢表面形成渗层，再采用等离子体电化学工艺对奥氏体不锈钢表面的渗层进行后处理，去除表面易腐蚀层的同时在渗层表面形成一层抗腐蚀的致密氧化层（即复合氧化膜），从而同时提高了工件的硬度和耐蚀性，并且本发明的工艺具有处理速度快，工艺简单的特点，适合于大规模推广使用。
附图说明
图1为本发明一种提高奥氏体不锈刚硬度和耐蚀性的处理方法较佳实施例的流程图。
图2为本发明的处理方法得到的奥氏体不锈刚的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
本发明提供一种奥氏体不锈钢及提高硬度和耐蚀性的处理方法，为使本发明的目的、技术方案及效果更加清楚、明确，以下对本发明进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。
请参阅图1，图1为本发明一种提高奥氏体不锈刚硬度和耐蚀性的处理方法较佳实施例的流程图，如图所示，其包括步骤：
S1、对奥氏体不锈钢工件进行渗氮、渗碳或氮碳共渗处理形成渗层；
S2、在电解液中对奥氏体不锈钢工件进行等离子体电化学处理，对渗层进行抛光的同时形成致密氧化层；
S3、然后对奥氏体不锈钢工件进行清洗和烘干。
本发明克服了奥氏体不锈钢处理后硬度低和耐蚀性差的缺点，使用等离子体电化学处理，对奥氏体不锈钢渗层同时进行抛光和氧化处理，在渗层表面形成一层致密的复合氧化层（即致密氧化层），大幅度提高渗层的耐蚀性，使工件具有高硬度和高耐蚀性的特点，并且本发明的方法处理速度快，工艺简单。
如图2所示，本发明中，先利用渗氮、渗碳或氮碳共渗处理，在奥氏体不锈钢工件10表面形成渗层20，通过渗层20增强工件表面硬度和耐磨性，然后再进行等离子体电化学处理，从而去除渗层20表面的易腐蚀层（抛光），同时还能生成抗腐蚀的致密氧化层30，最后经过清洗和烘干处理，得到的工件其不仅具有了较高的耐蚀性，同时还能兼具较高的硬度。
进一步，所述步骤S1中，渗氮、渗碳和氮碳共渗处理均为离子渗、气体渗或液体渗中的一种。也就是说，本发明中，可采用渗氮处理的方式生成渗层20，而渗氮处理具体又可采用离子渗、气体渗或液体渗中的一种；也可采用渗碳处理的方式生成渗层20，而渗碳处理具体又可采用离子渗、气体渗或液体渗中的一种；又或者采用氮碳共渗处理的方式生成渗层20，而氮碳共渗处理具体又可采用离子渗、气体渗或液体渗中的一种。
本发明中，优选的处理方式是采用氮碳共渗处理方式，且其为离子渗，采用氮碳共渗处理方式，可使工件表面的渗层20具有更高的硬度和耐磨性，这是因为氮和碳能够同时渗入到钢材中，最终形成的强化固溶体，具有硬度高和耐磨性强的特点。另外形成的渗层20，其厚度大于或等于10微米，以确保工件表面具有足够的硬度，优选的是，渗层的表面硬度大于1200HV，从而使工件品质得到保证。
进一步，等离子体电化学处理的电解液中，按质量百分比计，包括：六氟铝酸钠5-10%，六偏磷酸钠5-20%，乙二胺四乙酸二钠0.5-2%，十二烷基苯磺酸钠0.5-2%，氢氧化钠1-5%，余量为去离子水。在该电解液的条件下，奥氏体不锈钢工件不会发生变形，可处理各种异型工件，降低了对工件形状的要求，同时生成的致密氧化层具有较高的耐蚀性，抗腐蚀性强。
进一步，等离子体电化学处理中，电源为双极性脉冲电源，奥氏体不锈钢工件为阳极，石墨为阴极，正向电压为600-800V，负向电压为50-200V，电流密度为5-20A/dm2，正向频率为500-800赫兹，负向频率为200-300赫兹，正向占空比为15%-40%，负向占空比为8%-20%，处理时间为0.5-5分钟。上述处理条件，可提高处理效率和处理速度，且生成的致密氧化层其厚度适中。
另外，致密氧化层的厚度为0.05-1微米。所述的致密氧化层厚度过薄，则达不到抗腐蚀的效果，如果厚度过厚，则会延长处理时间，提高成本，可能会影响不锈钢硬度，更优选的是0.3~0.8微米。
本发明还提供一种奥氏体不锈钢，其采用如上所述的方法处理得到。
实施例1
一种奥氏体不锈钢高硬度高耐蚀性处理方法，包含如下步骤
（1）对奥氏体不锈钢进行离子渗氮，渗层厚度10微米，表面硬度1200HV；
（2）在电解液中对工件进行等离子体电化学后处理，电解液各组分及质量百分比为：六氟铝酸钠5%，六偏磷酸钠5%，乙二胺四乙酸二钠0.5%，十二烷基苯磺酸钠0.5%，氢氧化钠1%，余量为去离子水；采用双极性脉冲电源，工件为阳极，石墨为阴极，正向电压为600V，负向电压为50V，电流密度为5A/dm2，正向频率为500赫兹，负向频率为200赫兹，正向占空比为15%，负向占空比为8%，处理时间为0.5分钟。致密氧化层厚度为0.05微米；
（3）清洗烘干。
处理后的工件，表面硬度1200HV，中性盐雾时间大于200h。
实施例2：
一种奥氏体不锈钢高硬度高耐蚀性处理方法，包含如下步骤：
（1）对奥氏体不锈钢进行气体渗碳，渗层厚度20微米，表面硬度1200HV；
（2）在电解液中对工件进行等离子体电化学后处理，电解液各组分及质量百分比为：六氟铝酸钠7%，六偏磷酸钠10%，乙二胺四乙酸二钠1%，十二烷基苯磺酸钠1%，氢氧化钠2%，余量为去离子水；采用双极性脉冲电源，工件为阳极，石墨为阴极，正向电压为700V，负向电压为100V，电流密度为10A/dm2，正向频率为600赫兹，负向频率为250赫兹，正向占空比为25%，负向占空比为15%，处理时间为2分钟。致密氧化层厚度为0.5微米；
（3）清洗烘干。
处理后的工件，表面硬度1200HV，中性盐雾时间大于300h。
实施例3：
一种奥氏体不锈钢高硬度高耐蚀性处理方法，包含如下步骤：
（1）对奥氏体不锈钢进行液体氮碳共渗，渗层厚度30微米，表面硬度1300HV；
（2）在电解液中对工件进行等离子体电化学后处理，电解液各组分及质量百分比为：六氟铝酸钠10%，六偏磷酸钠20%，乙二胺四乙酸二钠2%，十二烷基苯磺酸钠2%，氢氧化钠5%，余量为去离子水；采用双极性脉冲电源，工件为阳极，石墨为阴极，正向电压为800V，负向电压为200V，电流密度为20A/dm2，正向频率为800赫兹，负向频率为300赫兹，正向占空比为40%，负向占空比为20%，处理时间为5分钟。致密氧化层厚度为1微米；
（3）清洗烘干。
处理后的工件，表面硬度1300HV，中性盐雾时间大于400h。
实施例4：
一种奥氏体不锈钢高硬度高耐蚀性处理方法，包含如下步骤：
（1）对奥氏体不锈钢进行离子氮碳共渗，渗层厚度40微米，表面硬度1400HV；
（2）在电解液中对工件进行等离子体电化学后处理，电解液各组分及质量百分比为：六氟铝酸钠10%，六偏磷酸钠20%，乙二胺四乙酸二钠2%，十二烷基苯磺酸钠2%，氢氧化钠5%，余量为去离子水；采用双极性脉冲电源，工件为阳极，石墨为阴极，正向电压为800V，负向电压为200V，电流密度为20A/dm2，正向频率为800赫兹，负向频率为300赫兹，正向占空比为40%，负向占空比为20%，处理时间为5分钟。致密氧化层厚度为1微米；
（3）清洗烘干。
处理后的工件，表面硬度1400HV，中性盐雾时间大于400h。
综上所述，本发明先在奥氏体不锈钢表面形成渗层，再采用等离子体电化学工艺对奥氏体不锈钢表面的渗层进行后处理，去除表面易腐蚀层的同时在渗层表面形成一层抗腐蚀的致密氧化层，从而同时提高了工件的硬度和耐蚀性，并且本发明的工艺具有处理速度快，工艺简单的特点，适合于大规模推广使用。
应当理解的是，本发明的应用不限于上述的举例，对本领域普通技术人员来说，可以根据上述说明加以改进或变换，所有这些改进和变换都应属于本发明所附权利要求的保护范围。
Claims (6)
1.一种提高奥氏体不锈钢 硬度和耐蚀性的处理方法，其特征在于，包括步骤：
A、对奥氏体不锈钢工件进行渗氮、渗碳或氮碳共渗处理形成渗层；
B、在电解液中对奥氏体不锈钢工件进行等离子体电化学处理，对渗层进行抛光的同时形成致密氧化层；
C、然后对奥氏体不锈钢工件进行清洗和烘干；
所述步骤A中，渗氮、渗碳和氮碳共渗处理均为离子渗、气体渗或液体渗中的一种；渗层的厚度大于或等于10微米；
所述步骤B中，致密氧化层的厚度为0.05-1微米。
2.根据权利要求1所述的提高奥氏体不锈钢 硬度和耐蚀性的处理方法，其特征在于，所述步骤A中，采用氮碳共渗处理方式，且其为离子渗。
3.根据权利要求1所述的提高奥氏体不锈钢 硬度和耐蚀性的处理方法，其特征在于，等离子体电化学处理的电解液中，按质量百分比计，包括：六氟铝酸钠5-10%，六偏磷酸钠5-20%，乙二胺四乙酸二钠0.5-2%，十二烷基苯磺酸钠0.5-2%，氢氧化钠1-5%，余量为去离子水。
4.根据权利要求1所述的提高奥氏体不锈钢 硬度和耐蚀性的处理方法，其特征在于，等离子体电化学处理中，电源为双极性脉冲电源，奥氏体不锈钢工件为阳极，石墨为阴极，正向电压为600-800V，负向电压为50-200V，电流密度为5-20A/dm2，正向频率为500-800赫兹，负向频率为200-300赫兹，正向占空比为15%-40%，负向占空比为8%-20%，处理时间为0.5-5分钟。
5.根据权利要求1所述的提高奥氏体不锈钢 硬度和耐蚀性的处理方法，其特征在于，所述步骤A中，渗层的表面硬度大于1200HV。
6.一种奥氏体不锈钢，其特征在于，采用如权利要求1~5任一项所述的方法处理得到。
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Effective date of registration: 20210909 Address after: 518116 TONGCHAN Lixing science and Technology Industrial Park workshop I B201 Workshop II 101, 201, 301, 304, 305, 306, 401, workshop VII 101, No. 1001, Longgang Avenue (Pingxi community), Pingdi street, Longgang District, Shenzhen City, Guangdong Province Patentee after: SHENZHEN 863 NEW MATERIAL TECHNOLOGY Co.,Ltd. Patentee after: Shenzhen TONGCHAN Lixing Technology Group Co.,Ltd. Patentee after: HARBIN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY (SHENZHEN) Address before: 518116 863 inspection of 1 buildings, 2 buildings of Lixing Industrial Park, Longgang, Shenzhen, Guangdong Patentee before: SHENZHEN 863 NEW MATERIAL TECHNOLOGY Co.,Ltd. Patentee before: Shenzhen Lihe Technology Innovation Co.,Ltd. Patentee before: HARBIN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY SHENZHEN GRADUATE SCHOOL |