CN105838620A - Ganoderma lucidum culture medium and ganoderma lucidum culture method - Google Patents
Ganoderma lucidum culture medium and ganoderma lucidum culture method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of edible mushroom cultivation and especially relates to a ganoderma lucidum culture medium and a ganoderma lucidum culture method. The ganoderma lucidum culture medium comprises selenium element being 5-60 mg/l in the ganoderma lucidum culture medium. By means of addition of the selenium to a basic culture medium, mycelia of ganoderma lucidum cultured in the culture medium have good growth status and contain selenium element, thereby increasing the nutritional value of the mycelia of ganoderma lucidum. The invention also provides the ganoderma lucidum culture method, which includes the steps of: 1) performing selenium tolerance training to the mycelia of ganoderma lucidum to prepare the mycelia in proper selenium tolerance concentration; 2) preserving the mycelia as an original culture strain; 3) performing shake cultivation to the mycelia to obtain a seed liquid; and 4) fermenting the seed liquid and separating and purifying the fermentation product to prepare the mycelia of ganoderma lucidum.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to edible fungi and cultivate field, in particular to a kind of Medium for Ganoderma lucidum and spirit
The cultural method of sesame.
Background technology
Ganoderma belongs to the dry sporophore of basidiomycetes Polyporaceae Ganoderma lucidum (Leyss. Ex Fr.) Karst. or Ganoderma, is a kind of large-scale very
Bacterium, has " Herba mesonae chinensis ", the title of " Ganoderma ", is exactly the traditional famous and precious medicinal fungi of China since ancient times,
There is effect of strengthening by means of tonics, strengthening the body resistance.
Modern medicine research shows, containing large number of biological active substance in Ganoderma, as ganoderan, three
Terpene, alkaloid, organic germanium and adenosine class etc., have enhancing immunity, enhance metabolism, anti-swollen
Tumor, hepatoprotective, improve memory, hypnotic, the effect such as slow down aging.Ganoderan is as Ganoderma
Primary bioactive components, be present in natural glossy ganoderma sporophore and mycelium, have the strongest anti-
The biological activitys such as tumor, antioxidant radical, defying age, raising immunity, blood circulation promoting and blood stasis dispelling.
In view of Ganoderma self contains multiple important bioactive substance, occur that item are numerous in the market
Many ganoderma lucidum products, owing to the Ganoderma natural sporophore production cycle is long, climate impact is big, yield and
Quality is unstable, and sporophore degree of lignification is high, and Polyose extraction utilization rate is relatively low.Biology is used to send out
Ferment technology produces mycelium, and the cycle is short, low cost, yield big, and has industrial production prospect.
But existing ganoderma lucidum product, no matter from product category or scientific and technological content, all in the urgent need to
Deepen exploitation and the applied research of Ganoderma industry further.
In view of this, the special proposition present invention.
Summary of the invention
The first object of the present invention is to provide the culture medium of a kind of Ganoderma, this culture medium to increase
The speed of growth of Ganoderma, the yield of raising Ganoderma, and the effective active composition of Ganoderma can be promoted, make
Cultivate the Ganoderma mycelium nutritive value more horn of plenty obtained.
The second object of the present invention is to provide the cultural method of a kind of Ganoderma, and the method is by by Ganoderma
Cultivate again after first taming, make the Ganoderma of domestication can well adapt to the environment of culture medium, logical
Cross specific fermentation, preferably increase the nutritive value of Ganoderma.
In order to realize the above-mentioned purpose of the present invention, spy by the following technical solutions:
A kind of Medium for Ganoderma lucidum, containing selenium element, described selenium element matter in described Medium for Ganoderma lucidum
Amount concentration is 5~60mg/L.
The Medium for Ganoderma lucidum that the present invention provides, by adding selenium element in minimal medium, cultivates
The Ganoderma mycelium growth conditions arrived is good, cultivates containing selenium element in the Ganoderma mycelium obtained, increases
The nutritive value of Ganoderma mycelium.
Wherein minimal medium can be the Medium for Ganoderma lucidum on existing market, such as PDA culture medium etc..
Ganoderma is the most sensitive to selenium element, therefore, is not the most used to add culture medium to and cultivates
Ganoderma.But, it has been found that Ganoderma tolerance can be made by the way of progressively taming different dense
The selenium concentration of degree.The selenium element of variable concentrations is different on the impact of Ganoderma mycelium, if selenium concentration is the highest,
If selenium mass concentration in the medium is higher than 80mg/L, then Ganoderma mycelium can be by incubation
Gradually dead;And the concentration of selenium element is the lowest, as less than 5mg/L, then the growth to Ganoderma mycelium promotes
Effect is substantially without effect.Therefore, selenium element mass concentration in Medium for Ganoderma lucidum is 5~60mg/L,
The i.e. selenium of debita spissitudo both can guarantee that the growth conditions of Ganoderma mycelium, can make again the Ganoderma that cultivation obtains
Mycelium contains the selenium element of certain content, increases the nutritive value of Ganoderma mycelium.Wherein, especially
It is 20~30mg/L better with selenium element mass concentration in Medium for Ganoderma lucidum.
Further, described selenium element adds in the way of containing selenium material, and described selenium-containing compound includes
Any one or more in sodium selenite, sodium selenate, selenium mineral powder, amino acid selenium.Empirical tests, these are four years old
Plant the material on selenium to add in Medium for Ganoderma lucidum, can not only reach to promote the effect of Ganoderma mycelium propagation,
And all can well be converted into human body available vegetable active selenium.Wherein, amino acid selenium is predominantly
Selenomethionine and selenocysteine.
Further, described Medium for Ganoderma lucidum is possibly together with medicinal and edible plant Aqueous extracts, and described medicine food is same
Vegetation water extract percent by volume in described Medium for Ganoderma lucidum in source is 1%~6%.Medicinal and edible plant water
Extract not only has certain medical value, and nutritional labeling more horn of plenty, for Ganoderma mycelium
Growth provides nutritional labeling, promotes the growth of Ganoderma mycelium, and the nutriture value of abundant Ganoderma mycelium
Value.
But, if medicinal and edible plant Aqueous extracts content in Medium for Ganoderma lucidum is too much, then culture medium
The indispensable element provided is short of and affects the growth of Ganoderma mycelium, and through multiple authentication, integration of edible and medicinal herbs is planted
Thing Aqueous extracts percent by volume in Medium for Ganoderma lucidum is that 1%~6% effect is good.As can be 1%, 2%,
3%, 4%, 5%, 6% etc..
Medicinal and edible plant Aqueous extracts can prepare according to existing technology, it would however also be possible to employ in the following manner system
Standby: by medicinal and edible plant coarse powder typically in 40-80 mesh, boiling 2-3 time, to decoct every time
20-35min, takes filtrate, merging filtrate;After filtrate is concentrated 1-1.5 times, add ethanol to alcohol content
Reach 50%-55%, stand more than 8h;Then filter, reclaim ethanol, to without alcohol, use after then standing
The membrane filtration of 0.22-0.35 micron, obtains medicinal and edible plant Aqueous extracts.
The medicinal and edible plant Aqueous extracts that the method prepares is without chemical composition, and remains former medicine as far as possible
The nutritional labeling of food homologous plant.
Further, described medicinal and edible plant includes Flos Caryophylli, Fructus Anisi Stellati, Rhizoma Dioscoreae, Radix Glycyrrhizae, white
The root of Dahurian angelica, Semen Ginkgo, Arillus Longan, Semen Cassiae, Bulbus Lilii, Semen Myristicae, Cortex Cinnamomi, Fructus Hippophae, Fructus Momordicae, Yu Li
Core, Flos Lonicerae, Fructus Canarii, Herba Houttuyniae, Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens, Japanese raisintree fruit, Fructus Lycii, Fructus Gardeniae, Fructus Amomi, Semen Sterculiae Lychnophorae,
Poria, Fructus Citri, Herba Moslae, Flos Chrysanthemi, Folium Nelumbinis, Fructus Perillae, Radix Puerariae, Pericarpium Citri tangerinae, Herba Menthae, Herba Pogostemonis, Huang
Any one or more in essence.
Finding in screening, some medicinal and edible plant Aqueous extracts adds in Medium for Ganoderma lucidum, not
There is positive effect.Through a large amount of screenings, the medicinal and edible plant Aqueous extracts of mentioned kind all can be with selenium element
Well coordinate, reach significantly to promote the growth of Ganoderma mycelium, and Ganoderma mycelium can be increased
Active component.Wherein, medicinal and edible plant be more preferably Flos Caryophylli, Radix Glycyrrhizae, Fructus Momordicae, Flos Lonicerae,
Any one or more in Poria, Flos Chrysanthemi, Folium Nelumbinis, Herba Menthae.
The minimal medium of Medium for Ganoderma lucidum can be existing Medium for Ganoderma lucidum, as existing PDA trains
Support base, this culture medium be mainly composed of Rhizoma Solani tuber osi, glucose.But experiment finds, with original
PDA culture medium on the basis of, add the potassium dihydrogen phosphate of certain content, magnesium sulfate, potassium iodide,
Zinc sulfate, vitamin B1 and vitamin B6, and adjust the proportioning of each composition, can more preferable and selenium
Element and medicinal and edible plant Aqueous extracts coordinate, and reach preferably to promote the growth of Ganoderma mycelium,
And increase the conversion of effective active composition in medicinal and edible plant Aqueous extracts, increase Ganoderma mycelium
Nutritive value.
Preferably, based on every liter of PDA culture medium, being mainly composed of of described PDA culture medium:
250-300g peeled potatoes adds the filtrate after water boil, glucose 25-30g, biphosphate
Potassium 2.5-3.0g, magnesium sulfate 2-2.5g, potassium iodide 0.02-0.03g, zinc sulfate 0.005-0.008g,
Vitamin B1 0.002-0.005g, vitamin B6 0.002-0.005g, pH are 6.5-6.8.
PDA culture medium is prepared in such a way:
Take 250-300g peeled potatoes, add water after stripping and slicing, boil 15-30min, by filtered through gauze,
Obtain filtrate;
Glucose 25-30g, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2.5-3.0g, magnesium sulfate 2-2.5g, KI is added in filtrate
0.02-0.03g, zinc sulfate 0.005-0.008g, vitamin B1 0.002-0.005g, vitamin B6
0.002-0.005g;
Regulation pH to 6.5-6.8, is settled to 1L;
If it addition, PDA culture medium is solid medium, every liter is added agar powder 18-20g.
The PDA culture medium configured, 121 DEG C of sterilizing 10-15min, can make after being cooled to room temperature
With.
Present invention also offers the cultural method of a kind of Ganoderma, comprise the following steps:
(a), by Ganoderma mycelium described in the claim 1 of variable concentrations containing on seleno culture medium
Progressively tame, obtain the Se-rich lucid ganoderma mycelium under tolerable concentration, preserve as original strain;
(b), described original strain is seeded to described in any one of claim 3-5 of corresponding selenium concentration
Medium for Ganoderma lucidum on cultivate, obtain liquid seeds liquid;
(c), described liquid seeds liquid uses culture medium as step (b) carry out fermentation sent out
Ferment product;
(d), described tunning is carried out isolated and purified, obtain Ganoderma mycelium, be dried to obtain into
Product.
The cultural method of the Ganoderma that the present invention provides, the tolerance that Ganoderma mycelium first carries out selenium element is tamed and dociled
Change, obtain the mycelium of suitable selenium concentration tolerable concentration, then this mycelium is preserved as original bacteria
Kind;This mycelium is carried out shaking table cultivation, obtains seed liquor, then see that seed liquor is fermented, send out
Ferment product is isolated and purified obtains Ganoderma mycelium.
Owing to Ganoderma spore also needs to sprout, it is carried out the domestication poor effect of selenium concentration;And Ganoderma
Mycelium, sensitivity ratio to external world is more consistent, therefore, uses the Medium for Ganoderma lucidum of variable concentrations selenium
Mycelium is progressively tamed, obtains the Ganoderma mycelium under suitable selenium concentration tolerance status, and then
For the basis that the fermentation offer of seed liquor is good.
Wherein, the selenium concentration of the domestication of Ganoderma mycelium be followed successively by 2mg/L, 5mg/L, 10mg/L,
20mg/L, 30mg/L, 40mg/L, 50mg/L, 60mg/L, 70mg/L, 80mg/L, but
Being when selenium concentration is 70mg/L, after cultivation, visible part is dead;When selenium concentration is 80mg/L,
After cultivation, visible major part is dead.Therefore, the selenium concentration that can tolerate of Ganoderma mycelium is 2-60mg/L.
According to the needs cultivated, domestication obtains the Ganoderma mycelium of corresponding selenium concentration tolerance.Such as the Ganoderma obtained
Mycelial tolerance selenium concentration can be 5mg/L, 10mg/L, 20mg/L, 30mg/L, 40mg/L,
50mg/L, 60mg/L etc..
In order to make mycelium sufficiently tolerate the selenium concentration of certain concentration, and it is dense to filter out corresponding tolerance selenium
Degree strain, it is preferable that in step (a), at each variable concentrations containing on selenium solid medium
Cultivating 3-4 days, the temperature of cultivation is 20-23 DEG C.In terms of every liter of fluid medium, solid medium is
Agar powder or agar strip that concentration is 18-20g is added on the basis of liquid medium within composition.
Se-rich lucid ganoderma mycelium under tolerable concentration is cultivated, with a large amount of amplifications, obtains liquid strain
Sub-liquid, it is preferable that in step (b), the temperature of cultivation is 24-26 DEG C, cultivates rotating speed and is
90-110r/min.Cultivating with this temperature and rotating speed, mycelial growth state is good.The inoculation of original strain
Measuring and carry out generally according to conventional inoculum concentration, general 100mL culture fluid inoculates a ring strain;Step (b)
The time cultivated is 3-5 days.
In order to make the active component in Medium for Ganoderma lucidum sufficiently be absorbed by lucidum bacteria liquid and convert, preferably
Ground, in step (c), the time of described fermentation is 10-12 days, ferments and is divided into three phases:
First stage is: fermentation start after 3-5 days in, the temperature of cultivation is 24-26 DEG C, and rotating speed is
100-120r/min;
Second stage is: fermenting in 8-10 days after starting, the temperature of cultivation is 17-20 DEG C, rotating speed
For 80-100r/min;
Phase III is: fermentation start after 10-12 days in, the temperature of cultivation is 28-30 DEG C, rotating speed
For 130-150r/min.
Wherein, in step (c), the fermentating liquid volume of liquid seeds liquid increases 8-10 times.
By the fementative composition under condition of different temperatures, the Ganoderma mycelium speed of growth is suitable, sufficiently
The active component absorbed and convert in Medium for Ganoderma lucidum, hence it is evident that add the Ganoderma mycelium that fermentation obtains
Nutritive value.
The present invention utilizes modern technologies to pass through liquid fermentation and produces Ganoderma mycelium, carries out fermentation technology
Explore, Ganoderma is seeded in the plant extract substrate of integration of edible and medicinal herbs, at fermenting and producing Ganoderma mycelium
While body, the enzyme that hypha fermentation produces can effectively be catalyzed the chemical composition of integration of edible and medicinal herbs extracting solution and occur
Converting, produce powerful composition, the mycelial biological activity making fermentation obtain changes, tool
Standby new activity.The present invention uses that liquid fermentation required time is short, volume of production big, bioactive ingredients
Many, whole process is without other chemical compositions, and the Ganoderma mycelium safety obtained is good, and effect is strong,
Steady quality, production process is prone to monitoring, and batch production industrialization level is high.
Compared with prior art, the invention have the benefit that
(1) the invention provides a kind of Medium for Ganoderma lucidum, by adding selenium element in minimal medium,
Cultivate the Ganoderma mycelium growth conditions obtained good, cultivate containing selenium element in the Ganoderma mycelium obtained,
Increase the nutritive value of Ganoderma mycelium.
(2) Medium for Ganoderma lucidum that the present invention provides can also add medicinal and edible plant Aqueous extracts, and
Limiting addition, the Ganoderma finished product not only making cultivation obtain has certain medical value, and nutrition
Composition more horn of plenty, the growth for Ganoderma mycelium provides nutritional labeling, promotes the life of Ganoderma mycelium
Long, and the nutritive value of abundant Ganoderma mycelium.
(3) present invention also defines the kind of medicinal and edible plant, so that fermentation results is more excellent.
(4) present invention also offers the cultural method of Ganoderma, first Ganoderma mycelium is carried out selenium element
Tolerance domestication, obtains the mycelium of suitable selenium concentration tolerable concentration, then this mycelium is preserved as
Original strain, it is achieved that Ganoderma growth in Se content culture medium;By cultivating seed liquor and fermentation,
Tunning is isolated and purified obtains Ganoderma mycelium, the Ganoderma mycelium character obtained and nutritive value
It is superior to commercially available prod.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with embodiment, embodiment of the present invention are described in detail, but this area skill
Art personnel are it will be appreciated that the following example is merely to illustrate the present invention, and are not construed as limiting the present invention
Scope.Unreceipted actual conditions person in embodiment, the condition advised according to normal condition or manufacturer
Carry out.Agents useful for same or instrument unreceipted production firm person, being can be by commercially available purchase acquisition
Conventional products.
Embodiment 1
Ganoderma mycelium minimal medium is screened:
A: take 200g peeled potatoes, adds water after cutting fritter, boils 20min, by filtered through gauze, obtains
To filtrate;In filtrate, add glucose 20g, be settled to 1L;In 121 DEG C of sterilizing 10min, sterilizing is complete
Cheng Hou, is cooled to room temperature, and in super-clean bench, subpackage is in 500mL triangular flask, contains in each triangular flask
There is 200mL culture fluid;
B: take 250g peeled potatoes, adds water after cutting fritter, boils 15min, by filtered through gauze, obtains
To filtrate;Filtrate adds glucose 25g, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2.5g, magnesium sulfate 2g, KI 0.02g,
Zinc sulfate 0.005g, vitamin B1 0.002g, vitamin B6 0.002g;Regulation pH to 6.5,
It is settled to 1L;In 121 DEG C of sterilizing 10min, after sterilizing completes, it is cooled to room temperature, in super-clean bench
Subpackage, in 500mL triangular flask, fills 200mL culture fluid in each triangular flask;
C: take 300g peeled potatoes, add water after stripping and slicing, boil 30min, by filtered through gauze, obtains
Filtrate;Filtrate adds glucose 30g, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 3.0g, magnesium sulfate 2.5g, KI 0.03g,
Zinc sulfate 0.008g, vitamin B1 0.005g, vitamin B6 0.005g;Regulation pH to 6.8,
It is settled to 1L;In 121 DEG C of sterilizing 15min, after sterilizing completes, it is cooled to room temperature, in super-clean bench
Subpackage, in 500mL triangular flask, fills 200mL culture fluid in each triangular flask;
D: take 200g peeled potatoes, add water after stripping and slicing, boil 30min, by filtered through gauze, obtains
Filtrate;Glucose 20g, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2.0g, MgSO is added in filtrate4·7H2O 1g, vitamin
B trace;Regulation pH to 6.0, is settled to 1L;In 121 DEG C of sterilizing 15min, after sterilizing completes,
Being cooled to room temperature, in super-clean bench, subpackage is in 500mL triangular flask, fills 200mL in each triangular flask
Culture fluid;
A, b, c, d culture medium is inoculated commensurability Ganoderma mycelium respectively, and inoculum concentration is two rings, often
Plant culture medium and do three parallel tests, all under the conditions of 28 DEG C, cultivate 5 with rotating speed for 150r/min
My god, it is then peeled off being dried to obtain the dry weight of the Ganoderma mycelium of each triangular flask, averages, obtain every
Planting the dry weight of the Ganoderma mycelium of culture medium, error is all within 5%.Concrete outcome is as shown in table 1.
Table 1 different culture media cultivates the Ganoderma mycelium dry weight obtained
Culture medium | a | b | c | d |
Dry weight | 0.5g | 1.2g | 1.3g | 0.8g |
As it can be seen from table 1 b and c culture medium is more suitable for the growth of Ganoderma mycelium.
Embodiment 2
Find through preliminary experiment, contain growth on selenium Medium for Ganoderma lucidum without the Ganoderma mycelium of domestication at liquid,
The most dead, therefore, select solid Medium for Ganoderma lucidum on selenium that Ganoderma mycelium is tamed.
Using the b culture medium in embodiment 1 as minimal medium, be respectively configured Se content be 2mg/L,
5mg/L、10mg/L、20mg/L、30mg/L、40mg/L、50mg/L、60mg/L、70mg/L、
80mg/L containing selenium solid Medium for Ganoderma lucidum;
Finding through preliminary experiment, Ganoderma mycelium is growing containing on selenium Medium for Ganoderma lucidum, and temperature is the highest and too
Low then Ganoderma mycelium growth conditions is the best, and wherein, preferable growth temperature is 20-23 DEG C.
By Ganoderma mycelium by concentration be seeded to the most successively containing on selenium solid Medium for Ganoderma lucidum progressively
Domestication, cultivating 4 days containing on selenium solid medium of each concentration, the temperature of cultivation is 20 DEG C, then
Preserve the Ganoderma mycelium in each selenium concentration culture medium.Observe Ganoderma mycelium solid at different selenium concentrations
Growth conditions in body culture medium.It was found that through progressively cultivate after, selenium concentration be 2mg/L,
The Ganoderma mycelium of the cultured on solid medium of 5mg/L, 10mg/L, 20mg/L, 30mg/L is raw
Long status is good, and the Ganoderma mycelium growth conditions of the cultured on solid medium of 40mg/L is good, 50mg/L
Poor with the Ganoderma mycelium growth conditions of the cultured on solid medium of 60mg/L, 70mg/L consolidates
The Ganoderma mycelium Mortality of growth, the spirit of the cultured on solid medium of 80mg/L in body culture medium
Camphorata mycelium major part is dead.
In view of the Se content in the growth conditions of Ganoderma mycelium and Ganoderma mycelium, train with Ganoderma
The Se content supporting base is 20~30mg/L to be preferred.
Embodiment 3
The medicinal and edible plant Aqueous extracts growth effect to Ganoderma mycelium
The Ganoderma mycelium of the 20mg/L of resistance to selenium concentration is carried out liquid culture, and the temperature of cultivation is 28 DEG C,
The rotating speed of shaking table is 150r/min, it is found that mycelial growth conditions is poor;Again cultivation temperature is changed
Being 25 DEG C, the rotating speed of shaking table is 100r/min, it is found that mycelial growth conditions is preferable;And cultivate
Temperature is the lowest, is unfavorable for mycelial propagation, and therefore, final selection condition of culture is: cultivation temperature
For 24-26 DEG C, cultivation rotating speed is 90-110r/min.
The resistance to selenium concentration as original strain that preserves obtained in Example 2 is 20mg/L and 30mg/L
Ganoderma mycelium standby, prepare the Ganoderma mycelium that resistance to selenium concentration is 25mg/L standby simultaneously.
The configuration liquid Medium for Ganoderma lucidum containing medicinal and edible plant water body liquid:
Culture medium 1: take 250g peeled potatoes, adds water after cutting fritter, boils 15min, uses gauze mistake
Filter, obtains filtrate;Filtrate adds glucose 25g, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 3.0g, magnesium sulfate 2.5g,
KI 0.02g, zinc sulfate 0.005g, vitamin B1 0.002g, vitamin B6 0.005g, sub-selenium
Acid sodium 37.98mg, lilac water extract 10mL, regulate pH to 6.6, be settled to 1L;
Culture medium 2: take 280g peeled potatoes, adds water after cutting fritter, boils 15-30min, use yarn
Cloth filters, and obtains filtrate;Filtrate adds glucose 28g, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2.8g, magnesium sulfate 2.4g,
KI0.03g, zinc sulfate 0.008g, vitamin B1 0.005g, vitamin B6 0.002g, seleno half
Cystine 63.849mg, licorice water extract 20mL, regulate pH to 6.6, be settled to 1L;
Culture medium 3: take 300g peeled potatoes, adds water after cutting fritter, boils 30min, uses gauze mistake
Filter, obtains filtrate;Filtrate adds glucose 30g, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 3.0g, magnesium sulfate 2.5g,
KI 0.02g, zinc sulfate 0.005g, vitamin B1 0.002g, vitamin B6 0.002g, seleno
Cysteine 42.566mg, Fructus Momordicae Aqueous extracts 30mL, regulate pH to 6.7, be settled to 1L;
Culture medium 4: take 260g peeled potatoes, adds water after cutting fritter, boils 15min, uses gauze mistake
Filter, obtains filtrate;Glucose 25g, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2.8g, magnesium sulfate 2g, KI is added in filtrate
0.03g, zinc sulfate 0.006g, vitamin B1 0.003g, vitamin B6 0.003g, seleno half Guang
Propylhomoserin 53.21mg, water extract of flos lonicerae 60mL, regulate pH to 6.6, be settled to 1L;
Culture medium 5: take 270g peeled potatoes, adds water after cutting fritter, boils 20min, uses gauze mistake
Filter, obtains filtrate;Glucose 27g, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2.7g, magnesium sulfate 2g, KI is added in filtrate
0.03g, zinc sulfate 0.006g, vitamin B1 0.004g, vitamin B6 0.003g, sodium selenite
30.385mg, Water Extract of Poria 40mL, regulate pH to 6.8, be settled to 1L;
Culture medium 6: take 270g peeled potatoes, adds water after cutting fritter, boils 30min, uses gauze mistake
Filter, obtains filtrate;Filtrate adds glucose 27g, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2.8g, magnesium sulfate 2.3g,
KI 0.03g, zinc sulfate 0.006g, vitamin B1 0.003g, vitamin B6 0.003g, seleno
Methionine 49.687mg, chrysanthemum water extract 50mL, regulate pH to 6.6, be settled to 1L;
Culture medium 7: take 260g peeled potatoes, adds water after cutting fritter, boils 20min, uses gauze mistake
Filter, obtains filtrate;Filtrate adds glucose 27g, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2.8g, magnesium sulfate 2.3g,
KI 0.03g, zinc sulfate 0.006g, vitamin B1 0.003g, vitamin B6 0.003g, sub-selenium
Acid sodium 30.385mg, Folium Nelumbinis Aqueous extracts 60mL, regulate pH to 6.6, be settled to 1L;
Culture medium 8: take 270g peeled potatoes, adds water after cutting fritter, boils 18min, uses gauze mistake
Filter, obtains filtrate;Filtrate adds glucose 27g, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2.8g, magnesium sulfate 2.3g,
KI 0.03g, zinc sulfate 0.006g, vitamin B1 0.003g, vitamin B6 0.003g, seleno
Methionine 74.53mg, aqua methnae extract 30mL, regulate pH to 6.6, be settled to 1L;
Culture medium 9: take 260g peeled potatoes, adds water after cutting fritter, boils 20min, uses gauze mistake
Filter, obtains filtrate;Filtrate adds glucose 27g, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2.8g, magnesium sulfate 2.3g,
KI 0.03g, zinc sulfate 0.006g, vitamin B1 0.003g, vitamin B6 0.003g, selenic acid
Sodium 47.86mg, Rhizoma Dioscoreae Aqueous extracts 30mL, regulate pH to 6.7, be settled to 1L;
Culture medium 10: take 280g peeled potatoes, adds water after cutting fritter, boils 25min, use gauze
Filter, obtain filtrate;Filtrate adds glucose 30g, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 3.0g, magnesium sulfate 2.5g,
KI 0.03g, zinc sulfate 0.008g, vitamin B1 0.005g, vitamin B6 0.005g, sub-selenium
Acid sodium 37.39mg, Pericarpium Citri tangerinae Aqueous extracts 40mL, regulate pH to 6.8, be settled to 1L;
Matched group 1: take 260g peeled potatoes, adds water after cutting fritter, boils 20min, uses gauze mistake
Filter, obtains filtrate;Filtrate adds glucose 27g, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2.8g, magnesium sulfate 2.3g,
KI 0.03g, zinc sulfate 0.006g, vitamin B1 0.003g, vitamin B6 0.003g, sub-selenium
Acid sodium 30.385mg;
Matched group 2: take 260g peeled potatoes, adds water after cutting fritter, boils 20min, uses gauze mistake
Filter, obtains filtrate;Filtrate adds glucose 27g, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2.8g, magnesium sulfate 2.3g,
KI 0.03g, zinc sulfate 0.006g, vitamin B1 0.003g, vitamin B6 0.003g, sub-selenium
Acid sodium 37.98mg;
Matched group 3: take 260g peeled potatoes, adds water after cutting fritter, boils 20min, uses gauze mistake
Filter, obtains filtrate;Filtrate adds glucose 27g, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2.8g, magnesium sulfate 2.3g,
KI 0.03g, zinc sulfate 0.006g, vitamin B1 0.003g, vitamin B6 0.003g, sub-selenium
Acid sodium 45.58mg;
Culture medium 1-10 and matched group 1-3 are cultivated based on 121 DEG C of sterilizing 15min, after sterilizing completes,
Can use after being cooled to room temperature.
The Ganoderma mycelium of different resistance to selenium concentrations is seeded to culture medium 1-10 respectively accordingly according to selenium concentration
With in matched group culture medium, every 200ml inoculation of medium amount is two rings, and keeps each cultivation
Inoculum concentration in base is consistent.Then carrying out shaking table cultivation, the temperature of cultivation is 25 DEG C, cultivates rotating speed and is
100r/min, the time of cultivation is 5 days, obtains liquid seeds liquid.
In the liquid seeds liquid obtained, mycelium pellet is tiny, middle reality, and wherein, culture medium 1-10 is cultivated and obtained
Seed liquor in mycelia branch density substantially high than matched group culture medium, all without living contaminants, mycelia
The proportion that the weight in wet base of ball accounts for fermentation liquid is as shown in table 2.
The weight in wet base of table 2 mycelium pellet accounts for the proportion of fermentation liquid
From table 2 it can be seen that use the culture medium culturing being added with medicinal and edible plant Aqueous extracts to obtain
Ganoderma performance the most excellent, and yield is also obviously improved.
Embodiment 4
Mycelium pellet in the liquid seeds liquid obtain the culture medium 3 in embodiment 3 is divided into 8 parts,
Every part is accessed in culture medium same as in Example 3 and carries out fermentation culture, and the time of fermentation is 10
My god, the condition of fermentation is divided into following four groups:
Group 1: fermentation condition is: with temperature 25 DEG C, rotating speed is that 100r/min cultivates;
Group 2: fermentation condition is: with temperature 18 DEG C, rotating speed is that 80r/min cultivates;
Group 3: fermentation condition is: with temperature 28 DEG C, rotating speed is that 130r/min cultivates;
Group 4: ferment and be divided into three phases:
First stage is: fermentation start after 3 days in, the temperature of cultivation is 25 DEG C, and rotating speed is
100r/min;
Second stage is: 4-8 days after starting of fermenting, the temperature of cultivation is 18 DEG C, and rotating speed is
80r/min;
Phase III is: fermentation start after 9-10 days, the temperature of cultivation is 28 DEG C, and rotating speed is
130r/min。
Tunning fermentation culture obtained is isolated and purified, obtains Ganoderma mycelium, is dried to obtain into
Product.Weighing tunning weight in wet base and the weight of finished product respectively, the result obtained is as shown in table 3.
Table 3 fermentation results
From table 3 it can be seen that three different phases using the present invention to provide are fermented, hence it is evident that carry
Having risen the output of Ganoderma, and the Ganoderma mycelium obtained is more closely knit, water content is suitable.
Similarly, the seed liquor other culture medium in embodiment 3 obtained uses same method to cultivate,
Obtain consistent effect.Illustrating, three different phases using the present invention to provide are fermented, fermentation
Yield and quality be all obviously improved.
It addition, the Ganoderma mycelium finished product mensuration intracellular ganoderan that employing three phases fermentation is obtained,
The content of triterpenoid compound and Se content, the label correspondence phase of the corresponding culture medium in embodiment 3
With numbering, the Ganoderma mycelium simultaneously obtained with the b culture medium in embodiment 1 as a control group 4.
Concrete outcome is as shown in table 4.
Table 4 component content
From table 4, it can be seen that born of the same parents in the Ganoderma finished product that obtains of the cultural method of Ganoderma that the present invention provides
Interior polysaccharide and triterpenoid compound are apparently higher than matched group, and selenium conversion ratio is higher.
Additionally, also the finished product being dried to obtain is compared, use the same containing medicine food of present invention offer
The Ganoderma finished product fragrance that source low cost vegetable plant water extract fermentation obtains is stronger, and other medicinal and edible plants that adulterate
Taste, fragrance is pleasant, and lines is fine and smooth, and color and luster is suitable.
And through edible checking, the Ganoderma finished product effect that the culture medium fermentation using the present invention to provide obtains is excellent
In commercially available ganoderma lucidum product, the Ganoderma finished product nutritive value more horn of plenty that present invention fermentation obtains is described.
It addition, the present invention also uses following fermentation mode:
The first fermentation mode:
The time of fermentation is 12 days, ferments and is divided into three phases:
First stage is: fermentation start after 5 days in, the temperature of cultivation is 24 DEG C, and rotating speed is
100r/min;
Second stage is: 6-10 days after starting of fermenting, the temperature of cultivation is 17 DEG C, and rotating speed is
80r/min;
Phase III is: fermentation start after 11-12 days, the temperature of cultivation is 28 DEG C, and rotating speed is
130r/min。
The second fermentation mode:
The time of fermentation is 11 days, ferments and is divided into three phases:
First stage is: fermentation start after 4 days in, the temperature of cultivation is 26 DEG C, and rotating speed is
120r/min;
Second stage is: 5-9 days after starting of fermenting, the temperature of cultivation is 20 DEG C, and rotating speed is
100r/min;
Phase III is: fermentation start after 10-11 days, the temperature of cultivation is 30 DEG C, and rotating speed is
150r/min。
Ferment effect is consistent with the fermentation results of the three phases in embodiment 4.
Although illustrate and describing the present invention with specific embodiment, but it will be appreciated that and do not carrying on the back
May be made that in the case of the spirit and scope of the present invention many other change and amendment.Therefore,
This means all these changes including belonging in the scope of the invention in the following claims and repair
Change.
Claims (10)
1. a Medium for Ganoderma lucidum, it is characterised in that containing selenium element, described selenium element is in described spirit
Mass concentration in sesame culture medium is 5~60mg/L.
Medium for Ganoderma lucidum the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described selenium element is in institute
Stating the concentration in Medium for Ganoderma lucidum is 20~30mg/L.
Medium for Ganoderma lucidum the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described selenium element is to contain
The mode of selenium material is added, and described selenium-containing compound includes sodium selenite, sodium selenate, selenium mineral powder, ammonia
Any one or more in base acid selenium.
Medium for Ganoderma lucidum the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described Medium for Ganoderma lucidum
Possibly together with medicinal and edible plant Aqueous extracts, described medicinal and edible plant Aqueous extracts is at described Medium for Ganoderma lucidum
In percent by volume be 1%~6%.
Medium for Ganoderma lucidum the most according to claim 4, it is characterised in that described integration of edible and medicinal herbs is planted
Thing include Flos Caryophylli, Fructus Anisi Stellati, Rhizoma Dioscoreae, Radix Glycyrrhizae, the Radix Angelicae Dahuricae, Semen Ginkgo, Arillus Longan, Semen Cassiae, hundred
Conjunction, Semen Myristicae, Cortex Cinnamomi, Fructus Hippophae, Fructus Momordicae, Semen Pruni, Flos Lonicerae, Fructus Canarii, Herba Houttuyniae, Rhizoma Zingiberis Recens,
Japanese raisintree fruit, Fructus Lycii, Fructus Gardeniae, Fructus Amomi, Semen Sterculiae Lychnophorae, Poria, Fructus Citri, Herba Moslae, Flos Chrysanthemi, Folium Nelumbinis,
Any one or more in Fructus Perillae, Radix Puerariae, Pericarpium Citri tangerinae, Herba Menthae, Herba Pogostemonis, Rhizoma Polygonati.
Medium for Ganoderma lucidum the most according to claim 4, it is characterised in that described Medium for Ganoderma lucidum
Minimal medium be PDA culture medium;
Based on every liter of PDA culture medium, the main component of described PDA culture medium is preferably:
250-300g peeled potatoes adds the filtrate after water boil, glucose 25-30g, biphosphate
Potassium 2.5-3.0g, magnesium sulfate 2-2.5g, potassium iodide 0.02-0.03g, zinc sulfate 0.005-0.008g,
Vitamin B1 0.002-0.005g, vitamin B6 0.002-0.005g, pH are 6.5-6.8.
7. the cultural method of a Ganoderma, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
(a), by Ganoderma mycelium described in the claim 1 of variable concentrations containing on seleno culture medium
Progressively tame, obtain the Se-rich lucid ganoderma mycelium under tolerable concentration, preserve as original strain;
(b), described original strain is seeded to described in any one of claim 3-5 of corresponding selenium concentration
Medium for Ganoderma lucidum on cultivate, obtain liquid seeds liquid;
(c), described liquid seeds liquid uses culture medium as step (b) carry out fermentation sent out
Ferment product;
(d), described tunning is carried out isolated and purified, obtain Ganoderma mycelium, be dried to obtain into
Product.
The cultural method of Ganoderma the most according to claim 7, it is characterised in that in step (a)
In, cultivating 3-4 days containing on selenium solid medium at each variable concentrations, the temperature of cultivation is
20-23℃。
The cultural method of Ganoderma the most according to claim 7, it is characterised in that in step (b)
In, the temperature of cultivation is 24-26 DEG C, and cultivation rotating speed is 90-110r/min.
The cultural method of Ganoderma the most according to claim 7, it is characterised in that in step (c)
In, the time of described fermentation is 10-12 days, ferments and is divided into three phases:
First stage is: fermentation start after 3-5 days in, the temperature of cultivation is 24-26 DEG C, and rotating speed is
100-120r/min;
Second stage is: fermenting in 8-10 days after starting, the temperature of cultivation is 17-20 DEG C, rotating speed
For 80-100r/min;
Phase III is: fermentation start after 10-12 days in, the temperature of cultivation is 28-30 DEG C, rotating speed
For 130-150r/min.
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