CN105783697B - Flexible strain transducer with crack structtire and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Flexible strain transducer with crack structtire and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN105783697B CN105783697B CN201610329953.1A CN201610329953A CN105783697B CN 105783697 B CN105783697 B CN 105783697B CN 201610329953 A CN201610329953 A CN 201610329953A CN 105783697 B CN105783697 B CN 105783697B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B7/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques
- G01B7/16—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. by resistance strain gauge
- G01B7/18—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. by resistance strain gauge using change in resistance
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Abstract
The invention belongs to technical field of sensor manufacture, and in particular to a kind of flexible strain transducer and preparation method thereof with crack structtire.The present invention provides a kind of flexible strain transducer, and the strain transducer includes：Flexible base board；Coated on the conductive coating on flexible base board, crack structtire is prefabricated on the conductive coating；A pair of electrodes, electrode are located at the both ends on conductive coating surface；And it is overlying on the protective layer formed by flexible polymer on conductive coating surface.The flexible strain transducer of gained of the invention can accurately supervise smaller strain variation, and processing is prepared simply, and production cost is low, high sensitivity, and stability is good, bent distortion, and service life is long.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to technical field of sensor manufacture, and in particular to a kind of flexible strain transducer with crack structtire
And preparation method thereof.
Background technology
Strain gauge transducer is widely used in photoelectron, machinery, oil, metallurgy, biology, medical treatment, traffic and national defence etc.
Aspect, traditional strain transducer are prepared using inorganic material such as silicon or zinc oxide, are limited by material self performance, once material
Material occurs compared with large deformation, and expendable destruction will occur for sensor；Therefore, the task of top priority is the novel strain sensing of exploitation
Device, wherein polymer-based flexibility strain transducer becomes the hot spot of people's concern and research.Flexible strain transducer is to be based on
A kind of sensor that resistance variations are supervened in object receiving force deformation is measured, it (generally uses macromolecule material using flexible material
Material) replace rigid substrate, compared with traditional strain transducer, possess that measurable range of strain is larger, and bent distortion uses the longevity
Life length, designs and prepares the advantages that facilitating.Based on above-mentioned characteristic, flexible strain transducer is in flexible electronic component, flexible screen
Curtain, electronic skin, human-computer interaction etc. suffer from wide application prospect.
However, compared with traditional strain transducer, there are poor sensitivity, poor signal to noise, stabilizations for flexible strain transducer
The deficiencies of property is poor, production cost is high；These disadvantages all restrict the development of flexible strain transducer.
Invention content
Present invention aims to overcome that existing processing technology there are the shortcomings that, a kind of strain with crack structtire is provided and is passed
The flexible strain transducer of sensor, gained can accurately monitor smaller strain variation, and processing is prepared simply, and production cost is low,
High sensitivity, stability is good, bent distortion, and service life is long.
Technical scheme of the present invention：
The invention solves first technical problem be to provide a kind of flexible strain transducer, including：
Flexible base board；
Coated on the conductive coating on flexible base board, crack structtire is prefabricated on the conductive coating；
A pair of electrodes, electrode are located at the both ends on conductive coating surface；
And it is overlying on the protective layer formed by flexible polymer on conductive coating surface.
The flexible base board is film made of flexible polymer.
Further, the flexible polymer is selected from：Thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), polyacrylate, Kynoar
(PVDF), polystyrene (PS), polyamide (PA), polyimides (PI), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), styrene-
Butadiene-styrene block copolymer (SBS), styrene-isoprene-styrene block copolymer (SIS), styrene-second
It is alkene-butylene-styrene block copolymer (SEBS), styrene ethylene-propylene-styrene type block copolymer (SEPS), natural
Rubber (NR), butadiene-styrene rubber (SBR), butadiene rubber (BR), isoprene rubber (IR), silicon rubber (Q), neoprene (CR), butyl
Rubber (IIR), nitrile rubber (NBR), EP rubbers (EPM), fluorubber (FPM), dimethyl silicone polymer (PDMS), styrene
Analog thermoplastic elastomer, diene analog thermoplastic elastomer, polyvinyl chloride-base thermoplastic elastomer, gathers olefin hydrocarbons thermoplasticity elastic body
At least one of amide analog thermoplastic elastomer (TPAE) or thermoplastic vulcanizates (TPV).
Preferably, the flexible base board is polyurethane film or polyacrylate film.
Preferably, the protective layer is formed by dimethyl silicone polymer.
Second technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide the preparation method of above-mentioned flexible strain transducer, including
Step：
1) on flexible substrates by the coating of conductive filler slurry, then drying forms conductive coating；
2) precrack processing is carried out on conductive coating so that conductive coating surface forms crackle, and in conductive coating
The head and end on surface installs electrode additional and obtains the composite material for being loaded with electrode；
3) the conductive coating surface of the composite material of electrode is loaded with obtained by step 2) (not in contact with the surface of flexible base board)
Overlying carries one layer of flexible polymer as protective layer, and then cured or drying process is obtained with three-decker (flexible base
Plate-conductive coating-flexible polymer protective layer three-decker) flexible strain transducer.
In step 1), the conductive filler slurry is selected from graphene slurry, carbon nano tube paste, carbon black slurry, black lead wash
Material, at least one of metal powder electrocondution slurry or metal conductive oxide slurry；Preferably graphene slurry.The present invention
In, conductive filler slurry is commercially available gained, and the preparation method of conductive filler slurry, which may be used, existing prepares conductive filler
Any type method of slurry, such as：By 5.3g graphenes, 50g hydroxy acrylic acids and 50g organic solvents are stirred through mixed at high speed,
It is made after cleavage.
Further, pre-existing crack processing method is in step 2)：The soft of conductive filler slurry will be first coated in step 1)
Property substrate fold, pressure is applied to the top plate of flexible base board, the lower plywood of flexible base board is drawn, is squeezed to pass through
Effect of dragging generates the crackle vertical with lead at the folding of flexible base board.
Further, the processing method of pre-existing crack is in step 2)：The top plate of flexible base board applies 1~50kPa's
The lower plywood of pressure, flexible base board is drawn with the speed of 0.1~5m/min.
In the present invention, by the pre-existing crack on conductive coating, so that the strain transducer with micro-crack is being applied
When adding stress, since there are gaps between micro-crack will produce variation for micro-crack, the opening and closing of micro-crack directly affects system and leads
The connection and blocking of electric pathway, so that strain transducer when by smaller strain variation, can generate larger electricity
Resistive, to obtain the flexible strain transducer for possessing hypersensitivity.
Further, in step 3), when flexible polymer is thermosetting polymer, one layer of conductive coating surface overlying load is soft
The method of property polymer is：By the host agent of flexible thermosetting polymer and curing agent 5~10min of mechanical agitation, then keep true
10~40min of dummy status removes the bubble that mechanical agitation generates, obtains thermosetting polymer host agent/curing agent mixed liquor；Afterwards will
Mixed liquor is coated on conductive coating surface；Wherein, the mass ratio of the host agent of thermosetting polymer and curing agent is 10：1~2.
Further, thermosetting polymer solution is coated in step 3), on conductive coating surface or suspension uses spin coating side
Method, 2~30min of spin-coating time, rotating speed are 200~2500r/min (preferably 1000r/min).
Further, in the above method, the flexible base board is polyurethane film, conductive filler slurry be graphene slurry,
Flexible polymer as protective layer is dimethyl silicone polymer.
Further, the thickness of the flexible base board is 0.1~0.5mm.
Further, the conductive coating surface resistivity is 101~1010Ω/, coating layer thickness are 2~50 μm.Ω/□
Square resistance is represented, for Thin film conductive sample, surface resistivity is indicated with sheet resistance.It is defined as：Refer to a square film
Resistance between conductive material edge to edge, it is unrelated with square size.
In the present invention, only conductive coating need to be completely covered for polymer protective layer.
Beneficial effects of the present invention：
In the prior art, the sensitivity of flexible strain transducer is smaller, and manufacturing cost is high, and preparation process is complicated, uses the longevity
It orders short.And the present invention uses the method in the preset micro-cracked structure of conductive layer, makes sensor in specifically used, has higher
Sensibility.In addition, the present invention installs encapsulated layer additional outside conductive coating, the work of the crack structtire inside protection conductive layer is played
With so that the service life of crackle strain transducer greatly improves, and the stability of sensor is also significantly increased.Also, this
Invention strain transducer production cost is low, easy to process, can be mass.In addition, the present invention obtain with crack structtire
Flexible strain transducer can monitor strain variation in real time by the variation of resistance, and this excellent performance is in electronic skin, people
The fields such as body health monitoring device have wide practical use.
Description of the drawings
The polarized light microscopy photo of crack structtire flexibility strain transducer prepared by Fig. 1 present invention.
Product prepared by Fig. 2 present invention is in the prefabricated processing of progress crackle, homemade pressure draft gear schematic diagram, including
Top board 1, sample 2 after folding, lower platen 3, leading screw 4 draw sliding block 5, motor 6, fixed point 7.
Crack structtire flexibility strain transducer agent structure principle schematic prepared by Fig. 3 present invention, including substrate 1, lead
Electric layer 2, elargol 3, protective layer 4, copper foil electrode 5, conducting wire 6, ammeter 7, constant voltage source 8.
The when m- electrical response curve of product prepared by Fig. 4 present invention under cyclic tension state.
When m- electrical response curve of Fig. 5 comparative example products of the present invention under cyclic tension state.
Specific implementation mode
The present invention has the preparation method of the flexible strain transducer of crack structtire, and following manner progress can be used, including
It prepares flexible base board, the coating of conductive coating, preset micro-cracked structure, install electrode, encapsulation flexible polymer protective layer step additional,
Specially：
Flexible polymer 34~39 parts (preferably 37 parts) a, preheats to 5 below the above decomposition temperature of its melting temperature~
15min, then 5~25min of hot pressing under the pressure of 1~20MPa, is finally cooled to room temperature under the pressure of 1~15MPa, system
Thin polymer film is obtained as flexible base board；
B, by the thin polymer film of 22~32 parts of (preferably 27 parts) roller coating compression moulding in step a of conductive filler slurry
On, under conditions of oven temperature is 30~100 DEG C (preferably 70 DEG C), the composite material for being coated with conductive filler is placed in baking oven
In 10~40min dry, make its surface formed conductive coating；
C, the composite material containing conductive layer obtained by step b is subjected to pre-existing crack processing, and on conductive coating surface
Head and end install additional electrode；
D, the composite material containing crackle and both ends installation electrode obtained by step c is placed on spin coater, flexibility is gathered
Polymer solution or 34~39 parts of suspension (preferably 37 parts) are spun on its surface；
E, cured in baking oven, finally obtain the flexible strain transducer with micro-cracked structure of three-decker.
In the present invention, pre-existing crack processing method use can make all methods cracked on conductive coating, not office
Be limited to it is disclosed by the invention using from pressing pressure draft gear by squeeze effect of dragging generate it is vertical with lead micro-
Crackle.The crack size for using home-made contrivance of the present invention preset is micron order, and the surface arranged in parallel for being distributed in conductive coating,
The stress intensity of pressure on flexible substrates is controlled when the spacing of micro-crack can be by preparing.
The specific implementation mode of the present invention is further described with reference to embodiment, is not therefore limited the present invention
System is among the embodiment described range.
Embodiment：
The present embodiment is using thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) as flexible base board, and graphene is as conductive layer, polydimethylsiloxanes
Alkane (PDMS) prepares the flexible strain transducer with crack structtire as protective layer, and specific embodiment is：
A, TPU pellets 3g is preheated to 10min at 205 DEG C, then the hot pressing 5min under the pressure of 2MPa, finally 2MPa's
It is cooled to room temperature under pressure, TPU film is made；Wherein, TPU pellet densities used are 1.12g/cm3, melt index is
17.5g/10min (215 DEG C, 10kg), TPU film thickness obtained are 0.15mm；
B, in the TPU film of compression moulding, it is in oven temperature in step a by graphene conductive slurry 2.5mL roller coating
Under conditions of 70 DEG C, the composite material of coated electrocondution slurry is placed in 20min in baking oven and is dried, its surface is made to form conduction
Layer；Graphene conductive slurry is commercially available gained, Surface Resistivity of Coatings 105Ω/, coating layer thickness are 15 μm；
C, the composite material containing conductive layer obtained by step b is subjected to pre-existing crack processing, and in conductive layer surface
Head and end installs electrode additional；Pre-existing crack processing described in step c carries out in homemade pressure draft gear, concrete operations
For：The flexible base board containing conductive layer of gained in step b is folded, flexible base board top end is fixed with top board 1, flexible
Substrate bottom endwall is fixed with lower platen 3 (draft gear), and it is 2kPa that top board, which applies pressure, and the hauling speed of lower platen is
0.1m/min, until the fixed point 7 for folding position and reaching flexible base board top end and top board of flexible base board, then with identical
Speed negative direction draws the fixed point 7 for being returned to flexible base board bottom endwall and lower platen, is recycled in this, as one, in repetition
Cyclic process 3 times is stated, so that composite material surface is split full of vertical with draw direction using the extruding effect of dragging for folding position
Line；Homemade pressure apparatus schematic diagram is as shown in Figure 2；
D, the composite material containing crackle and both ends installation electrode obtained by step c is placed on spin coater, by poly- diformazan
Radical siloxane host agent (prepolymer of dimethyl silicone polymer) and commercial curing agent be (dimethyl silicone polymer host agent and curing agent
Mass ratio is 10:1) 10min mixings first are stirred with glass bar, is subsequently placed in holding vacuum state 15min in vacuum tank, removes machine
The bubble that tool stirring generates obtains dimethyl silicone polymer host agent/curing agent mixed liquor；Mixed liquor 3mL is spun on composite wood again
The surface of material；The parameter that spin coating uses for：Spin-coating time 3min, rotating speed 1000r/min；
E, cured in baking oven, finally obtain three-decker has micro-cracked structure flexibility strain transducer；Solidification
In the process：Oven temperature is 70 DEG C, hardening time 4h.
Flexible strain transducer after encapsulation is fixed on progress cyclic tension experiment on universal tensile testing machine by this example,
Micro-crack in graphene conductive layer changes in drawing process, and then influences the resistance of strain transducer.Utilize constant pressure
Ammeter records the curent change of sensor in real time, and the when m- resistance for obtaining the flexible strain transducer with crack structtire is rung
Answer curve.
Fig. 1 is the polarized light microscopy photo under this example is 100 times in amplification factor, and as seen in Figure 1, graphene is led
It is orientated crackle containing a large amount of in electric layer, when applying sensor perpendicular to the stress of direction of check, crack spacing becomes larger, portion
Conductive path is divided to be destroyed, therefore the resistance of sensor increases.
The present embodiment is shown in Fig. 3 to be fixed at sensor both ends on universal tensile testing machine, with the speed of 500mm/min
It is stretched, restores to initial position when strain reaches 5%, then with identical speed, carry out 1000 cycles repeatedly, together
When obtain responsiveness (Δ R/R0,R0For initial resistance, Δ R is (real time resistance-initial resistance))-time graph, test voltage is
2V.As shown in figure 4, working as sensor in a stretched state, resistance has more apparent raising (responsiveness has reached 600%),
And as can be seen that resistance variations are sufficiently stable from illustration, illustrate that the sensor possesses highly sensitive and high stability spy
Point, after undergoing thousands of cycles, the resistance of sample can also return to initial value, illustrate that it possesses more excellent durability.
Comparative example：
Using raw material identical with embodiment and method, only difference is that the preset micro-crack not on conductive coating.
Gained strain transducer by test same as Example 1, it can be found that：The raising of the strain transducer resistance is less apparent
(responsiveness 60%), responsiveness are only 1/10 with micro-cracked structure crackle strain transducer, and carry out thousands of cycles
Tension test, which can be seen that its responsiveness, obviously downward trend, illustrates that the strain transducer stability is poor, service life compared with
It is short.
It is also attempted in present invention applicant's experiment using other flexible resins in addition to embodiment as substrate, other are flexible
Polymer is as protective layer, other conductive fillers are as conductive filler slurry, as long as finding first pre- on the conductive coating of formation
Micro-cracked structure processed can realize the goal of the invention of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. flexible strain transducer, which is characterized in that the flexibility strain transducer includes：
Flexible base board；
Coated on the conductive coating on flexible base board, crack structtire is prefabricated on the conductive coating；
A pair of electrodes, electrode are located at the both ends on conductive coating surface；
And it is overlying on the protective layer formed by flexible polymer on conductive coating surface；
Wherein, the crackle is prefabricated using following methods：First the flexible base board for being coated with conductive filler slurry is folded, to flexibility
The top plate of substrate applies pressure, is drawn to the lower plywood of flexible base board, to by squeezing effect of dragging in flexible base
The crackle vertical with lead is generated at the folding of plate；Also, the top plate of flexible base board applies the pressure of 1~50kPa, soft
The lower plywood of property substrate is drawn with the speed of 0.1~5m/min.
2. flexibility strain transducer according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the flexible base board is flexible polymer system
At film.
3. flexibility strain transducer according to claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that the flexible polymer is selected from：Thermoplastic
Property polyurethane, polyacrylate, Kynoar, polystyrene, polyamide, polyimides, polyethylene terephthalate,
Styrene-Butadiene-Styrene Block Copolymer, styrene-isoprene-styrene block copolymer, styrene-ethylene-
Butylene-styrene block copolymer, styrene ethylene-propylene-styrene type block copolymer, natural rubber, butadiene-styrene rubber,
Butadiene rubber, isoprene rubber, silicon rubber, neoprene, butyl rubber, nitrile rubber, EP rubbers, fluorubber, poly dimethyl
Siloxanes, styrene analog thermoplastic elastomer, olefin hydrocarbons thermoplasticity elastic body, diene analog thermoplastic elastomer, polyvinyl chloride-base heat
At least one of thermoplastic elastic, polyamide-type thermoplastic elastomer or thermoplastic vulcanizates.
4. it is according to claim 3 flexibility strain transducer, which is characterized in that the flexible base board be polyurethane film or
Polyacrylate film.
5. flexibility strain transducer according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the protective layer is by dimethyl silicone polymer
It is formed.
6. the preparation method of Claims 1 to 5 any one of them flexibility strain transducer, which is characterized in that including walking as follows
Suddenly：
1) on flexible substrates by the coating of conductive filler slurry, then drying forms conductive coating；
2) precrack processing is carried out on conductive coating so that conductive coating surface forms crackle, and on conductive coating surface
Head and end install additional electrode obtain the composite material for being loaded with electrode；
3) the conductive coating surface overlying that the composite material of electrode is loaded with obtained by the step 2) carries flexible polymer as protective layer,
Then cured or drying process, obtains the flexible strain transducer with three-decker.
7. the preparation method of flexibility strain transducer according to claim 6, which is characterized in that described to lead in step 1)
Electric filler slurry is selected from graphene slurry, carbon nano tube paste, carbon black slurry, graphite slurry, metal powder electrocondution slurry or gold
Belong at least one of oxide conducting slurry.
8. the preparation method of the flexible strain transducer described according to claim 6 or 7, which is characterized in that in step 3), when soft
Property polymer be thermosetting polymer when, conductive coating surface overlying carry flexible polymer method be：It will be flexible thermosetting poly-
The host agent and curing agent 5~10min of mechanical agitation for closing object, then keep 10~40min of vacuum state, remove mechanical agitation and generate
Bubble, obtain thermosetting polymer host agent and curing agent mixed liquor；Mixed liquor is coated on conductive coating surface afterwards；Wherein,
The ratio range of the host agent of thermosetting polymer and the mass ratio of curing agent is 10~5.
9. the preparation method of flexibility strain transducer according to claim 8, which is characterized in that mixed liquor uses spin coating side
Method is coated on the surface of conductive coating, 2~30min of spin-coating time, and rotating speed is 200~2500r/min.
10. the preparation method of the flexible strain transducer described according to claim 6 or 7, which is characterized in that the flexible base board
For polyurethane film, conductive filler slurry is graphene slurry, and the flexible polymer as protective layer is dimethyl silicone polymer.
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| WO2015083874A1 (en) * | 2013-12-03 | 2015-06-11 | 재단법인 멀티스케일 에너지시스템 연구단 | High-sensitivity sensor comprising conductive thin film containing cracks and method for manufacturing same |
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