CN105777432B - Wheat and corn crop rotation base fertilizer and fertilizing method thereof - Google Patents
Wheat and corn crop rotation base fertilizer and fertilizing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN105777432B CN105777432B CN201610203128.7A CN201610203128A CN105777432B CN 105777432 B CN105777432 B CN 105777432B CN 201610203128 A CN201610203128 A CN 201610203128A CN 105777432 B CN105777432 B CN 105777432B
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- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 109
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 66
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 66
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 66
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 66
- 241000209140 Triticum Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 64
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 238000003967 crop rotation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 102
- DLYUQMMRRRQYAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraphosphorus decaoxide Chemical compound O1P(O2)(=O)OP3(=O)OP1(=O)OP2(=O)O3 DLYUQMMRRRQYAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 52
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- CHWRSCGUEQEHOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[K+].[K+] CHWRSCGUEQEHOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 229910001950 potassium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diammonium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].OP([O-])([O-])=O MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910000388 diammonium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 235000019838 diammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 15
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000005696 Diammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003415 peat Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000019738 Limestone Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000006028 limestone Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002367 phosphate rock Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003971 tillage Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- MMDJDBSEMBIJBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[NH6+3] Chemical group [O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[NH6+3] MMDJDBSEMBIJBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940051841 polyoxyethylene ether Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000056 polyoxyethylene ether Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- -1 C12 fatty alcohol Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 241000244355 Ligusticum Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 2
- 201000004569 Blindness Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000005156 Dehydration Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012271 agricultural production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000618 nitrogen fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002688 soil aggregate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a wheat and corn crop rotation base fertilizer and a fertilizing method thereof, wherein the wheat base fertilizer comprises the following effective components in percentage by weight: 15-18% of nitrogen, 18-21% of phosphorus pentoxide, 10-13% of potassium oxide and 6-7% of a soil structure conditioner; the corn bottom fertilizer comprises the following effective components in percentage by weight: 8-10% of nitrogen, 15-17% of phosphorus pentoxide, 18-20% of potassium oxide and 5-7% of a soil structure conditioner; and the sum of the weight percentages of the nitrogen, the phosphorus pentoxide and the potassium oxide is more than or equal to 40 percent. Applying a wheat bottom fertilizer in combination with soil preparation before wheat sowing, and applying urea with water in a jointing stage and a heading stage; applying fertilizer at the bottom of corn when seeding corn, and applying urea with water in a large-horn mouth period and a grouting period. The wheat and corn rotation bottom fertilizer can improve the soil structure, promote the growth of crops, reduce the using amount of chemical fertilizer and improve the yield.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a fertilizer for grain crops and a fertilizing technology, in particular to a novel wheat and corn crop rotation fertilizer-saving high-yield base fertilizer and a fertilizing method thereof.
Background
Grain as a special commodity has strategic significance, is a strong important foundation for the wealth of China and relates to national security. Wheat and corn are main grain crops in China, and the planting area of the corn in the whole country in 2014 is 55,685 ten thousand mu, which accounts for 22 percent of the planting area of the crop and occupies the 1 st place, and the total yield is 21,565 thousand tons, according to the display of a Chinese planting industry information network-crop database; the planting area of the wheat is 36,104 ten thousand mu, which accounts for 15 percent of the planting area of the crops and occupies the 3 rd position, the total yield is 12,620 ten thousand muTon. Research shows that in 2008 + 2020, the yield per year of corn in China is increased by 188.7kg/hm2Can guarantee the future corn consumption needs.
The fertilizer input is a key factor for increasing the yield of grains, Hebei province is a main yield area of wheat and corn, due to the lack of scientific fertilization guidance and the influence of the traditional fertilization concept that increasing yield is increased as more fertilizers are used, the fertilizer application of farmers still has a plurality of unreasonable phenomena such as blindness, randomness and the like, the fertilizer application amount of wheat and corn crop rotation in partial high-yield areas is more than 20% higher than the reasonable application amount of wheat and corn in China and far exceeds the demand of crops, the nutrient accumulation of farmland soil is increasingly aggravated, so that the fertilizer utilization rate is reduced, the economic benefit of fertilizer application is reduced, the agricultural production cost is increased, the fertilizer loss is increased, the income increase of farmers is influenced, the environmental pollution is caused, and the sustainable. Therefore, the key to improve the utilization rate of the fertilizer is to reasonably reduce the using amount of the fertilizer and effectively utilize the accumulated nutrients of the farmland soil. The soil structure conditioner promotes the formation of soil aggregates, and is beneficial to the extension and the downward binding of crop roots; moderate water stress and reasonable base fertilizer proportion and dosage can promote the growth and development of the wheat and corn root system, and is beneficial to absorbing and utilizing soil nutrients. The combination of the soil structure conditioner and the chemical fertilizer is an innovative technology for improving the utilization rate of the fertilizer, and can regulate and control soil and crops simultaneously, thereby achieving the purposes of reducing investment and improving efficiency. Although the types of fertilizers on the market are many at present, fertilizers for the synergistic regulation and control of soil and crops are still lacked.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a novel wheat and corn crop rotation base fertilizer and a fertilizing method thereof, aiming at solving the technical problems of unreasonable fertilizer formula and unreasonable fertilizer dosage in each fertilizing period.
The purpose of the invention is mainly realized by the following technical scheme: wheat and corn crop rotation bottom fertilizer comprises wheat bottom fertilizer and corn bottom fertilizer respectively;
the wheat bottom fertilizer comprises the following effective components in percentage by weight: 15-18% of nitrogen, 18-21% of phosphorus pentoxide, 10-13% of potassium oxide and 6-7% of a soil structure conditioner; and the sum of the weight percentages of the nitrogen, the phosphorus pentoxide and the potassium oxide is more than or equal to 40 percent;
the corn bottom fertilizer comprises the following effective components in percentage by weight: 8-10% of nitrogen, 15-17% of phosphorus pentoxide, 18-20% of potassium oxide and 5-7% of a soil structure conditioner; and the sum of the weight percentages of the nitrogen, the phosphorus pentoxide and the potassium oxide is more than or equal to 40 percent.
Further, for the wheat bottom fertilizer, wherein: 18% of nitrogen, 20% of phosphorus pentoxide and 10% of potassium oxide.
Further, for the corn bottom fertilizer, wherein: 10% of nitrogen, 17% of phosphorus pentoxide and 20% of potassium oxide.
Furthermore, in the wheat bottom fertilizer and the corn bottom fertilizer, the balance is filler, and the components are any one of phosphate rock powder, limestone powder and peat or any combination thereof.
Further, the wheat bottom fertilizer and the corn bottom fertilizer are prepared from the following material sources: the nitrogen is obtained from urea and/or diammonium hydrogen phosphate; the phosphorus pentoxide is derived from diammonium phosphate; the potassium oxide is derived from potassium chloride; the soil structure conditioner mainly comprises C12 fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether.
Furthermore, the urea contains more than or equal to 46 percent of nitrogen, the diammonium phosphate contains more than or equal to 13 percent of nitrogen, the diammonium phosphate contains more than or equal to 38 percent of phosphorus pentoxide, and the potassium chloride contains more than or equal to 60 percent of potassium oxide.
The invention also provides a method for applying fertilizer to wheat and corn by crop rotation, which comprises the following steps:
1) applying the wheat bottom fertilizer in combination with soil preparation before wheat sowing in the amount375-450kg/hm2Spreading the fertilizer on the ground surface, and mechanically rotary tillage for 15-20 cm;
2) applying urea for 1 time along with water in the jointing stage;
3) dressing urea with water for 1 time in heading period;
wherein the wheat bottom fertilizer provides 40% nitrogen, 100% phosphorus and potassium, the topdressing urea in the jointing stage provides 40% nitrogen, and the topdressing urea in the heading stage provides 20% nitrogen;
the method for fertilizing the corn comprises the following steps:
1) the corn bottom fertilizer is applied when the corn is sown, and the dosage is 510-585kg/hm2Applying fertilizer into the soil by a seeding and fertilizing integrated machine, wherein the depth is 15-20 cm;
2) dressing urea for 1 time with water in a large horn mouth period;
3) applying urea for 1 time along with water in the grouting period;
wherein the corn bottom fertilizer provides 20% of nitrogen, 100% of phosphorus and potassium, the urea is applied in the large-horn-shaped period to provide 60% of nitrogen, and the urea is applied in the grouting period to provide 20% of nitrogen.
In the method for fertilizing wheat and corn, water-saving irrigation is carried out in the growth period of wheat and corn, and the irrigation amount is 70-80% of the traditional irrigation amount.
Compared with the prior art, the novel fertilizer for wheat and corn crop rotation bottom application is characterized by improving the soil structure, promoting the growth of crops and reducing the using amount of chemical fertilizer; on the premise of reducing the fertilizer input by 20-30%, the yield of wheat and corn can be obviously improved, the cost is saved, the efficiency is improved, meanwhile, the environmental threat of unreasonable application of the fertilizer is reduced, and the guarantee is provided for grain farmers to increase the income and the sustainable development of agriculture.
Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is described below with reference to specific embodiments.
The invention provides a wheat and corn crop rotation bottom fertilizer, which comprises a fertilizer A and a fertilizer B, wherein the fertilizer A is used for wheat bottom fertilization, the fertilizer B is used for corn bottom fertilization, and the effective components in the fertilizers and the weight percentage of the fertilizers are as follows:
and (3) fertilizer A: 15-18% of nitrogen, 18-21% of phosphorus pentoxide, 10-13% of potassium oxide and 6-7% of a soil structure conditioner; and the sum of the weight percentages of the total nutrients (N + P)2O5+K2O) is more than or equal to 40 percent. Preferably, the nitrogen content is 18%, the phosphorus pentoxide content is 20%, and the potassium oxide content is 10%.
And (3) fertilizer B: 8-10% of nitrogen, 15-17% of phosphorus pentoxide, 18-20% of potassium oxide and 5-7% of a soil structure conditioner; and the sum of the weight percentages of the total nutrients (N + P)2O5+K2O) is more than or equal to 40 percent. Preferably, nitrogen is 10%, phosphorus pentoxide is 17%, and potassium oxide is 20%.
The balance of the fertilizer A and the fertilizer B is filler, and the components comprise ground phosphate rock, limestone powder, peat and the like, which are any one or any combination thereof.
For the source of the fertilizer raw material, preferably: the nitrogen is obtained from urea and/or diammonium hydrogen phosphate; the phosphorus pentoxide is derived from diammonium phosphate; the potassium oxide is derived from potassium chloride; the soil structure conditioner mainly comprises C12 fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether.
More preferably: the urea contains more than or equal to 46 percent of nitrogen, and the most common and better urea contains 46 percent of nitrogen; the ammonium hydrogen phosphate contains more than or equal to 13 percent of nitrogen, and preferably contains 18 percent of nitrogen; the diammonium phosphate contains more than or equal to 38 percent of phosphorus pentoxide, and preferably contains 46 percent of phosphorus pentoxide; the potassium chloride contains more than or equal to 60 percent of potassium oxide, and the potassium oxide content is preferably 60 percent.
The amount of the active ingredient of fertilizer a, reduced to the physical amount of commercial fertilizer, is selected from the following substances, calculated to produce 1000kg of the fertilizer: 257kg of urea, 391kg of diammonium phosphate, 553kg of potassium chloride, 167kg of soil structure conditioner, and the balance of filling materials (ground phosphate rock, limestone powder, peat and the like).
Example (b): 1000kg of fertilizer a, urea: 173kg, diammonium hydrogen phosphate: 391kg, potassium chloride: 167kg, soil structure conditioner: 67kg, peat: 202kg, and the preparation process comprises the step of uniformly mixing the four components.
The amount of active ingredients of fertilizer B, reduced to the physical amount of commercial fertilizer, is selected from the following substances, calculated on the basis of producing 1000kg of the fertilizer: 29-90kg of urea and 370kg of diammonium hydrogen phosphate; 300kg of potassium chloride, 333kg of soil structure conditioner and the balance of filling materials (ground phosphate rock, limestone powder, peat and the like).
Example (b): 1000kg of fertilizer B, urea: 46kg, diammonium hydrogen phosphate: 326kg, potassium chloride: 300kg, soil structure conditioner: 50kg, peat: 278kg, the preparation process comprises the step of uniformly mixing the four components.
The method for fertilizing wheat by using the fertilizer A comprises the following steps:
1) before wheat sowing, fertilizer A is applied in combination with soil preparation, the fertilizer is spread on the ground surface, and mechanical rotary tillage is carried out for 15-20 cm;
2) applying urea for 1 time along with water in the jointing stage;
3) the urea is applied for 1 time along with water in the heading period.
The winter wheat basal fertilizer A provides 40% of nitrogen, 100% of phosphorus and potassium, the dressing urea in the jointing stage provides 40% of nitrogen, and the dressing urea in the heading stage provides 20% of nitrogen.
Furthermore, water-saving irrigation is carried out in the growth period of the wheat, and the irrigation amount is 70-80% of the traditional irrigation amount.
Example (b): the invention is applied to the ligusticum cities, the deep state cities and the famous cities in the major producing areas of wheat and corn in Hebei province in China, and the wheat variety is Shixin 633. Before wheat sowing, the fertilizer A450 kg/hm prepared by the invention is applied in combination with soil preparation2Spreading the fertilizer on the ground surface, and mechanically rotary tillage for 15-20 cm; 160kg/hm of urea is applied once along with water in the jointing period280kg/hm of urea is applied once along with water in heading period2. Water-saving irrigation is carried out in the growth period of the wheat, and the irrigation amount is 70% of the traditional irrigation amount. Compared with the traditional management mode, after the novel fertilizer is applied to the wheat bottom, the average yield of the wheat reaches 9045kg/hm2The yield is increased by 608-927 kg/hm2The average yield is increased by 8.6 percent.
For fertilizer B for corn:
1) applying a fertilizer B during corn sowing, and applying the fertilizer through a sowing and fertilizing integrated machine to a depth of 15-20 cm;
2) dressing urea for 1 time with water in a large horn mouth period;
3) the urea is applied for 1 time along with water in the grouting period.
The summer corn nitrogen fertilizer based fertilizer B provides 20% of nitrogen, 100% of phosphorus and potassium, the topdressing urea in a large flare stage provides 60% of nitrogen, and the topdressing urea in a grouting stage provides 20% of nitrogen.
Furthermore, water-saving irrigation is carried out in the growth period of the corn, and the irrigation amount is 70-80% of the traditional irrigation amount.
Example (b): the invention is applied to the cities of ligusticum, profunda and famous markets in the major producing areas of wheat and corn in Hebei province in China, and the corn variety is Zhengdan 958. When corn is sown, fertilizer B585 kg/hm prepared by the invention is applied2Applying fertilizer into the soil by a seeding and fertilizing integrated machine, wherein the depth is 15-20 cm; 315kg/hm of urea is applied once along with water in the large-horn mouth period2105kg/hm of urea is applied once along with water in the grouting period2. Water-saving irrigation is carried out in the growth period of the corn, and the irrigation amount is 80 percent of the traditional irrigation amount. Compared with the traditional management mode, after the wheat and corn crop rotation bottom application novel fertilizer is applied, the average corn yield reaches 11306kg/hm2The yield is increased by 102-1238 kg/hm2The average yield is increased by 5.5 percent.
Compared with the traditional management mode, the wheat and corn bottom fertilizer disclosed by the invention is combined with an effective fertilizer application method, the fertilizer input is reduced by 20-30%, and annual income increase of RMB 2475-4890 yuan/hm2(ii) a Average saving cost is about 1412 yuan/hm2Average cost saving and efficiency increasing 5295 Yuan/hm2(ii) a The surplus of nitrogen in the soil is 100kg/hm2And the reduction is 60 percent; 86kg/hm for reducing nitrate nitrogen residue of 0-100cm soil2。
According to the application embodiment, the novel fertilizer for saving fertilizer and increasing yield of wheat and corn disclosed by the invention is convenient to apply, can promote the growth of wheat and corn, improves the yield of wheat and corn, increases the economic benefit, effectively reduces the surplus of nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen residue in soil, and has popularization and application values.
The above embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention are also within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. A method for applying fertilizer to wheat and corn in crop rotation is characterized in that: the wheat and corn rotation bottom fertilizer comprises a wheat bottom fertilizer and a corn bottom fertilizer;
the wheat bottom fertilizer comprises the following effective components in percentage by weight: 15-18% of nitrogen, 18-21% of phosphorus pentoxide, 10-13% of potassium oxide and 6-7% of a soil structure conditioner; and the sum of the weight percentages of the nitrogen, the phosphorus pentoxide and the potassium oxide is more than or equal to 40 percent; the wheat bottom fertilizer is applied by combining soil preparation before wheat sowing, and the dosage is 375-450kg/hm2；
The corn bottom fertilizer comprises the following effective components in percentage by weight: 8-10% of nitrogen, 15-17% of phosphorus pentoxide, 18-20% of potassium oxide and 5-7% of a soil structure conditioner; and the sum of the weight percentages of the nitrogen, the phosphorus pentoxide and the potassium oxide is more than or equal to 40 percent; the corn bottom fertilizer is applied when the corn is sown, and the dosage is 510-585kg/hm2；
In the wheat bottom fertilizer and the corn bottom fertilizer, the balance is filler, and the components are any one of phosphate rock powder, limestone powder and peat or any combination of phosphate rock powder, limestone powder and peat;
the wheat bottom fertilizer and the corn bottom fertilizer are prepared from the following material sources: the nitrogen is obtained from urea and/or diammonium hydrogen phosphate; the phosphorus pentoxide is derived from diammonium phosphate; the potassium oxide is derived from potassium chloride; the soil structure conditioner mainly comprises C12 fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether;
the urea contains more than or equal to 46 percent of nitrogen, the diammonium phosphate contains more than or equal to 13 percent of nitrogen, the diammonium phosphate contains more than or equal to 38 percent of phosphorus pentoxide, and the potassium chloride contains more than or equal to 60 percent of potassium oxide;
the method for fertilizing the wheat comprises the following steps:
1) before wheat sowing, applying the wheat bottom fertilizer in combination with land preparation, scattering the fertilizer on the ground surface, and mechanically rotary tillage for 15-20 cm;
2) applying urea for 1 time along with water in the jointing stage;
3) dressing urea with water for 1 time in heading period;
the wheat base fertilizer provides 40% of nitrogen, 100% of phosphorus and potassium, the dressing urea in the jointing stage provides 40% of nitrogen, and the dressing urea in the heading stage provides 20% of nitrogen;
the method for fertilizing the corn comprises the following steps:
1) applying the corn bottom fertilizer during corn sowing, and applying the fertilizer through a sowing and fertilizing integrated machine to a depth of 15-20 cm;
2) dressing urea for 1 time with water in a large horn mouth period;
3) applying urea for 1 time along with water in the grouting period;
the corn bottom fertilizer provides 20% of nitrogen, 100% of phosphorus and potassium, the topdressing urea in a large-horn-mouth period provides 60% of nitrogen, and the topdressing urea in a grouting period provides 20% of nitrogen;
in the method for fertilizing wheat and corn, water-saving irrigation is carried out in the growth period of wheat and corn, and the irrigation amount is 70-80% of the traditional irrigation amount;
the surplus of nitrogen in the soil is 100kg/hm2And the reduction is 60 percent; 86kg/hm for reducing nitrate nitrogen residue of 0-100cm soil2。
2. The wheat and corn rotation bottom fertilization method according to claim 1, characterized in that: for the wheat bottom fertilizer, wherein: 18% of nitrogen, 20% of phosphorus pentoxide and 10% of potassium oxide.
3. The wheat and corn rotation bottom fertilization method according to claim 1, characterized in that: for the corn bottom fertilizer, wherein: 10% of nitrogen, 17% of phosphorus pentoxide and 20% of potassium oxide.
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| CN106385854A (en) * | 2016-09-26 | 2017-02-15 | 山东农业大学 | A whole-year high yield and high efficiency overall planning cultivation method for wheat and maize |
| CN107646271A (en) * | 2017-09-26 | 2018-02-02 | 北京市农林科学院 | A kind of method of crops water and fertilizer management |
| CN110495293A (en) * | 2019-09-26 | 2019-11-26 | 山东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所 | A kind of fertilizing method in Huang-Huai-Hai Wheat Maize Rotation area |
| CN110668864A (en) * | 2019-11-19 | 2020-01-10 | 河南科技大学 | Winter wheat high-yield field base fertilizer for irrigated areas of tidal areas of northern China plain |
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