CN102077753A - Yearly simple fertilizing method for green Chinese onion and wheat grown in shift - Google Patents
Yearly simple fertilizing method for green Chinese onion and wheat grown in shift Download PDFInfo
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- CN102077753A CN102077753A CN2010105322925A CN201010532292A CN102077753A CN 102077753 A CN102077753 A CN 102077753A CN 2010105322925 A CN2010105322925 A CN 2010105322925A CN 201010532292 A CN201010532292 A CN 201010532292A CN 102077753 A CN102077753 A CN 102077753A
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- 241000209140 Triticum Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 104
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 104
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 244000295724 Allium chinense Species 0.000 title abstract 3
- 235000016790 Allium chinense Nutrition 0.000 title abstract 3
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 173
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- 239000000618 nitrogen fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 244000291564 Allium cepa Species 0.000 claims description 141
- 235000010167 Allium cepa var aggregatum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 90
- 235000002732 Allium cepa var. cepa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 50
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- 235000009529 zinc sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000011686 zinc sulphate Substances 0.000 claims description 30
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- 229940072033 potash Drugs 0.000 claims description 26
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Substances [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 26
- 235000015320 potassium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 26
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000003967 crop rotation Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfate Chemical group [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000001120 potassium sulphate Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 235000011151 potassium sulphates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 16
- 235000010339 sodium tetraborate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910021538 borax Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002686 phosphate fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000004328 sodium tetraborate Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000005696 Diammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;phosphoric acid Chemical compound [Ca+2].OP(O)(O)=O.OP(O)(O)=O YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diammonium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].OP([O-])([O-])=O MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910000388 diammonium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000019838 diammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002426 superphosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 241000287828 Gallus gallus Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000013268 sustained release Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000012730 sustained-release form Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 15
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 13
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 10
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 9
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- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 4
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- OMVLJXANVFHCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecasodium;tetraborate;decahydrate Chemical class O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.O.[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]B([O-])[O-].[O-]B([O-])[O-].[O-]B([O-])[O-].[O-]B([O-])[O-] OMVLJXANVFHCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
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- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940090496 Urease inhibitor Drugs 0.000 description 2
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- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O ammonium group Chemical group [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 2
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- MMDJDBSEMBIJBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[NH6+3] Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[NH6+3] MMDJDBSEMBIJBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a yearly simple fertilizing method for green Chinese onion and wheat grown in shift, which takes the nutrient demands and distribution in different periods in a year of double-harvest crops into consideration, mixes a green Chinese onion long-acting sustained-release fertilizer and a wheat long-acting sustained-release fertilizer for application, is low in cost and convenient for mixing and allows the mixed fertilizer to be used instantly. In the invention, fertilizer is applied only for 4 times, labor force is saved, the wheat yield is increased, and the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer is improved by 5 to 7 percent.
Description
Technical field:
The anniversary that the present invention relates to a kind of shallot and wheat crop rotation is simplified fertilizing method, belongs to the technical field that long-acting slow-release is fertile and use.
Background technology:
The open country shallot cultivation history in Shandong is long, wherein the Zhangqiu shallot is the well-known brand in the whole nation, gain the name because of originating in Zhangqiu City, tall and big, the very light blue length of its plant, quality exquisiteness and succulence is nutritious, suitable Tibetan for a long time, " name ", " spy ", " excellent " three words have both, and are described as " king in the green onion ", are one of famous special products in Shandong Province.
Zhangqiu shallot cultivated area and output and brand effect are all significant in the whole province and even the whole nation at present, the anniversary crop rotation cropping system of itself and wheat is local essentialspecies implant model, generally speaking, shallot is in the late June field planting of transplanting seedlings, use sufficient base manure before the field planting wholely, at the beginning of 8 months is seedling-slowing stage, extremely topdress 4 times by the end of September from August, average every first quarter moon fertilising once, in the base manure except fertilizers such as chicken manure, nitrogen potassium is laid equal stress in the chemical fertilizer nutrient, the phosphorus attainment divides ratio less, and the early stage of topdressing, the later stage was then laid particular stress on the nitrogen potassium nutrition based on nitrogen phosphorus nutrient, each fertilising back is in conjunction with earthing up and watering, the later stage fast growing period frequency of watering merely is higher, in the late November results, broadcasts sowing the cover grow wheat in the green onion ditch in mid-October, the nitrogen of the amount of using sufficient before the wheat cultivation, turn green the shooting stage (being that mid or late March is to early April) in 1 year imposes a spot of instant nitrogenousfertilizer again.
From the data of investigating in recent years and adding up, under this main wheel operation mode, traditional fertilising custom has become the major obstacle factor of the two batches of crop yields raisings in this area, the additional income that reduces production costs.Concrete drawback has following several respects: (1) traditional fertilization npk nutrient total amount ratio is unreasonable, and peasant habit is many with nitrogen phosphorus, and potassium is plain few, and concerning the vegetables of this class happiness potassium of shallot, the deficiency of potassium element means that quality descends, and commodity is not strong; (2) had only 5 months breeding time during traditional shallot produced, add a fertilizer of wheat preplant treatment, apply fertilizer altogether 6 times, the decomposition rate of common fertilizer is very fast, cause Effects of Fertilization Frequency higher, this has increased labor cost greatly, and for the flourishing present situation of the local tertiary industry, too much human resources being expended in the operation of fertilising equals to reduce income undoubtedly; (3) base manure and topdress several times in the nutrient formula rate unreasonable, a large amount of instant nitrogenousfertilizers that drop into before wheat cultivation especially prosperously before the winter for wheat seeding longly promote more obviously, too much absorb nutrient and are unfavorable for surviving the winter; (4) amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer is less relatively the wheat growth later stage, thereby needs the nitrogen peak period under-supply at wheat, causes the percentage of earbearing tiller low, and output is not high, influences peasant's income in the whole year; (5) in the whole crop rotation anniversary, the consumption that totally applies fertilizer is higher, and after certain fertilizing amount level, output not only can not increased production significantly, and can influence the shallot quality, causes the content overproof of groundwater azotate, and rural potable water is caused certain threat.
At the above problem that exists in wheat and the shallot anniversary crop rotation method in the reality production; accurately apply fertilizer consumption and nutrient proportioning; simplify fertilizing method; preserving the ecological environment under the prerequisite of stable yields volume increase is the trend of producing; this just plans strategies for to fertilizer itself and fertilising and has higher requirement: fertilizer application frequency need be simplified; and fertilizer itself should satisfy the slow release of nutrient and supply stage by stage; be difficult for decomposing fast running off; consider suitable proportion and the crucial need fertile phase of shallot wheat rotation crop again as a whole to the Different Nutrients demand; thereby the simplification fertilizer application frequency reduces labour's input cost.The application of controlled release fertilizer is general gradually, but its higher relatively price allows the peasant hang back, and fertilizer product in the past and technology can not satisfy the demand of crop whole growing.At present on shallot production technology particularly fertilizer application relate to seldom, and some only patented technologies have also been done unilateral relating to, and more needn't carry the report under this crop rotation condition of Shandong shallot wheat.
Application number is that " shallot cultivation fertilizing method and fertilizer " fertilizer application frequency of 200810235034.3 is similarly 5 times, do not save the field running cost, to the applicating ratio of npk nutrient hold also not accurate enough, adaptability is relatively poor for the cropping pattern of Zhangqiu, Shandong shallot.
Application number is that 200910015648.5 " preparation of carbon-based special organic compound release-controlled fertilizer for scallion and application process " is only to having done the research on the fertilizer Different Nutrients prescription on one season of the shallot crop, but for 5 months growth season of shallot, the special organic compound release-controlled fertilizer of this invention is only made a base manure and is used the difficult nutrient supply that satisfies whole growing, it is different from conventional nutrient controlled-release technology does not have test effect as illustration, technology has uncertainty, more do not relate to the fertilising running of succession crop, certain limitation is arranged.
Summary of the invention
Deficiency at the prior art existence, the anniversary that the invention provides a kind of shallot and wheat crop rotation is simplified fertilizing method, not only can consider the nutrient demand in crop anniversary as a whole, can not cause the underproduction to crop, also greatly degree is simplified fertilizer application frequency, save cost, reach liberation labour's purpose.
The anniversary of a kind of shallot and wheat crop rotation is simplified fertilizing method, and step is as follows:
1) solar calendar last ten-days period in June, before transplanting, shallot used the chicken manure 2500-3000kg/ mu that becomes thoroughly decomposed in 2-3 days, use shallot long-acting slow-release fertilizer 45-50kg/ mu; The chemical fertilizer nutrient that this time fertilising provides is a N 4.5-7kg/ mu, P
2O
56-9kg/ mu, K
2O9-12kg/ mu; Described shallot long-acting slow-release fertilizer, weight portion is composed as follows:
Nitrogenous fertilizer 10-14 part, phosphate fertilizer 14-18 part, potash fertilizer 20-24 part, NAM additive 0.5-0.8 part, zinc sulphate 1-1.5 part, borax 0.5-1 part.
The nutrient that using above organic and inorganic fertilizer is provided can guarantee that the new root development of the green onion seedling of transplanting grows, and young leaves sends, and enters tubulose leaf vegetative period thereby make shallot get over the summer smoothly.
2) in solar calendar last ten-days period in August, giving shallot applied nitrogen amount is 22-30kg/ mu, and the amount of application of potash fertilizer is a 8-12kg/ mu; The fertilizer nutrient that this time fertilising provides is a N 10-14kg/ mu, K
2O 4-6kg/ mu, using of fertilizer cooperating ridging and pouring water, and irrigation quantity is 40-50m
3/ mu.This moment, shallot entered very light blue peak of growing season, and this moment, concentrated the using of nitrogenous fertilizer cooperated potash fertilizer to have the effect of the very light blue growth of rapid promotion, was that shallot needs the fertile key period.Earth up twice to the first tenday period of a month in October afterwards, watering is controlled at 2-3 time, and each water yield is controlled at 30-35m
3
3) in solar calendar the first tenday period of a month in October, wheat cultivation preceding 1 is used the fertile 50-55kg/ mu of wheat long-acting slow-release in thoughtful 10 days; The fertilizer nutrient that this time fertilising provides is a N 6-9kg/ mu, P
2O
57-10kg/ mu, K
2O 3-5.5kg/ mu, using of fertilizer cooperating ridging and pouring water, and irrigation quantity is 50-60m
3/ mu; Described wheat long-acting slow-release fertilizer, weight portion is composed as follows:
Nitrogenous fertilizer 12-16 part, phosphate fertilizer 14-18 part, potash fertilizer 6-10 part, NAM additive 0.6-1.2 part, zinc sulphate 1-1.5 part.
Main effect of fertilising this time is to promote very light blue continuation elongation, can make nutrient to very light blue accumulating simultaneously, and lays good soil fertility basis for the smooth sowing of wheat.Be controlled at 4-5 time in the shallot pre-harvest watering afterwards, each water yield is controlled at 40-45m
3
4) shallot was gathered in the crops at the bottom of solar calendar November; The middle ten days and the last ten days in March in 1 year, i.e. turning green the shooting stage of wheat, the amount of applied nitrogen is a 13-17.5kg/ mu, and the amount of application of potash fertilizer is a 2-5kg/ mu, and the fertilizer nutrient that this time fertilising provides is a N 6-8kg/ mu, K
2O 1-3kg/ mu, wheat is in early and middle ten days results in June.Be the fertile key period of need of impelling wheat tillering Cheng Sui at this moment, this moment uses a considerable amount of nitrogenous fertilizer and a spot of potash fertilizer can improve the percentage of earbearing tiller that the wheat secondary is tillered, and guarantees the nutrient supply in booting stage.
Described step 1), 3) the NAM additive described in is the depot fertilizer additive for compound fertilizer, and main component is nitrification inhibitor, urease inhibitor and phosphorus activating agent etc.; The NAM additive can make fertilizer efficiency period extend to 90-120 days, and effect obviously for this long season growing crop of wheat.
Described nitrogenous fertilizer be one of urea, carbonic hydroammonium or with diammonium phosphate combination, preferred urea;
Described phosphate fertilizer is one of diammonium phosphate, superphosphate, double superphosphate or combination, preferably phosphoric acid two ammoniums;
Described potash fertilizer is potassium sulphate.
In the described step 1) before shallot is transplanted 2-3 days fertilization mode for spreading fertilizer over the fields, after plough and flatten and access the green onion ditch.
Described step 2) fertilization mode is for directly evenly being sprinkling upon back earthing in the green onion ditch in, and thickness of earth-fill cover is half of former green onion ditch depth.
Fertilization mode is for to open dressing furrow in a side of green onion field planting place in the described step 3), ditch depth 8-10cm, fertilising back earthing and train high green onion ridge in dressing furrow.
Fertilization mode is at wheat in the ranks in the described step 4), and originally dressing furrow is opened in green onion field planting place, and ditch depth 5-8cm applies in the ditch fertilizer and earthing.
Step 1), 3) the shallot long-acting slow-release fertilizer in, the preparation of wheat long-acting slow-release fertilizer are that described each raw material is mixed in proportion, promptly.
Characteristics of the present invention are:
1, in common fertilizer, adds this special use fertilizer that NAM depot fertilizer additive forms, it is the two-way collaborative mutually short action principle of having used nitrification inhibitor, urease inhibitor, can delay hydrolysis of urea speed, increased the ammonium concentration of soil, suppress the conversion rate of ammonium nitrogen simultaneously to nitrate nitrogen, and adopted phosphorus activation and potassium to prevent the absorption technique for fixing, activation discharges the phosphorus in the soil, prevent that simultaneously phosphorus potassium in the fertilizer is by soil fixation, make it the term of validity that keeps longer, have the function of lasting supply crop nutrition content;
2, shallot of the present invention and wheat long-acting slow-release fertilizer are formed by common common fertilizer ratio blending, easily buy on the market, and cost is relatively low; Can by artificial all be mixed or machinery is mixed, use has simple, convenient, flexible characteristics immediately;
3, compare peasant habit field operation, this invention enters the operation that the field piece applies fertilizer at the shallot wheat in crop rotation anniversary has only 4 times, applies fertilizer with the 6-7 of traditional habit and compares, and has liberated the labour greatly.All annual is saved the labour and is dropped into 100-150 unit/mu.
4, the anniversary of shallot of the present invention and wheat crop rotation is simplified nutrient demand and the distribution that fertilization method has been considered two season crops different phases in a year as a whole, the prescription of two kinds of slow-release fertilizers is reasonable, particularly replenished the consumption demand of potassium element in shallot season, had double effect for the raising of its yield and quality; And can satisfy very light blue elongation of shallot and accumulating nutrient demand in the fertilising in the first tenday period of a month in October, the sowing that can be wheat again provides solid soil fertility basis;
5, wheat is turned green, and the shooting stage imposes the part nitrogen and the potassium element can satisfy the defective that wheat growth later stage wheat depot fertilizer fertilizer efficiency can't last till this stage, suitably replenished the wheat late growth stage again with synergistic effect between the nutrient of the short nitrogen of potassium, remedied and produced the middle and later periods and do not execute the fertilising drawback of potassium.Can reach the dual purpose of wheat increase yield and raising utilization rate of fertilizer.Nitrogen potassium also is used in the operation that imposes on the wheat and can makes wheat yield increase 20-40kg/ mu, makes utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer improve 5-7 percentage point simultaneously.
6, this invention has reduced traditional nitrogen phosphorus consumption by research and optimized the consumption demand of two kinds of crops to npk nutrient in a crop rotation anniversary, and the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer in anniversary can improve 7-10 percentage point; Guaranteeing under the precondition of crop yield that the pollution that brings that exceeds standard has the prevention and control meaning to increasingly serious rural area groundwater azotate.
Embodiment
By the following examples the present invention is further specified, but be not limited to following examples.The used NAM additive of embodiment is the durable composite fertilizer additive, is produced by Shenyang Zhongke New Fertilizer Co., Ltd.
Embodiment 1:
The preparation of slow release fertilizer:
A kind of shallot long-acting slow-release fertilizer (I), parts by weight of raw materials is as follows:
Nitrogenous fertilizer: 13 parts is urea and diammonium phosphate,
Phosphate fertilizer: 16 parts is diammonium phosphate,
Potash fertilizer: 23 parts is potassium sulphate,
The NAM additive: 0.7 part,
Zinc sulphate: 1.2 parts, described zinc sulphate is white vitriol,
Borax: 0.6 part, described borax is ten water sodium tetraborate decahydrates.
Above-mentioned raw materials fertilizer is mixed, get shallot long-acting slow-release fertilizer (I).
One grow wheat long-acting slow-release fertilizer (II), parts by weight of raw materials is as follows:
Nitrogenous fertilizer: 15 parts is urea and diammonium phosphate,
Phosphate fertilizer: 16 parts is diammonium phosphate,
Potash fertilizer: 9 parts is potassium sulphate,
The NAM additive: 0.9 part,
Zinc sulphate: 1.1 parts, described zinc sulphate is white vitriol.
Above-mentioned fertilizer material is mixed, get wheat long-acting slow-release fertilizer (II).
Above-mentioned shallot long-acting slow-release fertilizer (I) and wheat long-acting slow-release fertilizer (II) are used for following simplification fertilizing method.
The anniversary of a kind of shallot and wheat crop rotation is simplified fertilizing method, and step is as follows:
1) solar calendar last ten-days period in June, transplant in shallot and to use the chicken manure 3000kg/ mu that becomes thoroughly decomposed in preceding 3 days, use shallot long-acting slow-release fertilizer (I) 50kg/ mu, will evenly spread fertilizer over the fields on the face of land with apply fertilizer, after the leveling of ploughing, transfer the green onion ditch, transplant the green onion seedling after 3 days; The chemical fertilizer nutrient that this time fertilising provides is a N 6.5kg/ mu, P
2O
58kg/ mu, K
2O 11.5kg/ mu, zinc sulphate 0.6kg/ mu, borax 0.3kg/ mu, the nutrient that provides can guarantee the new root development growth of the green onion seedling of transplanting, and young leaves sends, and the summer enters tubulose leaf vegetative period more smoothly thereby make shallot.
2), use urea (N content is 46%) amount to shallot and be 25kg/ mu, potassium sulphate (K in solar calendar last ten-days period in August
2O content is 50%) amount of application be 10kg/ mu; The fertilizer nutrient that this time fertilising provides is a N 11.5kg/ mu, K
2O 5kg/ mu; This time fertilization mode is for directly evenly being sprinkling upon above-mentioned fertilizer in the green onion ditch, and with fertilizer covering half to former green onion trench depth, 45m then waters with soil
3/ mu.This moment, shallot entered very light blue peak of growing season, and this moment, concentrated the using of nitrogenous fertilizer cooperated potash fertilizer to have the effect of the very light blue growth of rapid promotion, was that shallot needs the fertile key period.
3) in solar calendar the first tenday period of a month in October, in preceding 1 week of wheat cultivation, use wheat long-acting slow-release fertilizer (II) 50kg/ mu; The fertilizer nutrient that this time fertilising provides is a N 7.5kg/ mu, P
2O
58kg/ mu, K
2O 4.5kg/ mu, zinc sulphate 0.55kg/ mu, this time fertilization mode is: the side in green onion field planting place is opened dressing furrow, and ditch depth 8cm evenly is sprinkled into wheat long-acting slow-release fertilizer (II) in the ditch, earthing then, and with the high green onion of earth culture ridge, 50m then waters
3/ mu.Main effect of fertilising this time is to promote very light blue continuation elongation, makes nutrient to very light blue accumulating simultaneously, increases very light blue nutrition, and is the smooth sowing of the wheat soil fertility that lays the first stone.
4) shallot flattens place, green onion ridge soil after the results in results on November 30.Late March in 1 year, i.e. the shooting stage of wheat, use urea 17.4kg/ mu this moment, and potassium sulphate is a 4.8kg/ mu, and the chemical fertilizer nutrient that provide this period is a N8kg/ mu, K
2O 2.4kg/ mu, at wheat in the ranks, originally dressing furrow is opened in green onion field planting place, and ditch depth 6cm applies in the ditch fertilizer and earthing.Be the fertile key period of need of impelling wheat tillering Cheng Sui at this moment, using of nitrogen potash fertilizer can improve the percentage of earbearing tiller that the wheat secondary is tillered, and guarantees the nutrient supply in booting stage.Wheat was gathered in the crops in early June.
Through continuous 2 years field trial, apply fertilizer than peasant habit by using above-mentioned simplification fertilizing method, the single annual volume increase of the shallot of output 350kg, wheat on average increases production 38kg/ mu; Rotation cycle average labour of saving that gets off drops into 120 yuan/mu, and net profit can reach 508 yuan/mu, and the comparable peasant habit fertilising of utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer improves 7.5 percentage points.Be specially adapted to the production of shallot wheat anniversary rotation system.
Embodiment 2:
The preparation of slow release fertilizer:
A kind of shallot long-acting slow-release fertilizer (III), parts by weight of raw materials is as follows:
Nitrogenous fertilizer: 12 parts is urea,
Phosphate fertilizer: 18 parts is double superphosphate,
Potash fertilizer: 20 parts is potassium sulphate,
The NAM additive: 0.6 part,
Zinc sulphate: 1.4 parts, described zinc sulphate is white vitriol,
Borax: 0.7 part, described borax is ten water sodium tetraborate decahydrates.
Above-mentioned raw materials fertilizer is mixed, get shallot long-acting slow-release fertilizer (III).
One grow wheat long-acting slow-release fertilizer (IV), parts by weight of raw materials is as follows:
Nitrogenous fertilizer: 16 parts is urea,
Phosphate fertilizer: 18 parts is superphosphate,
Potash fertilizer: 6 parts is potassium sulphate,
The NAM additive: 1 part,
Zinc sulphate: 1.5 parts, described zinc sulphate is white vitriol.
Above-mentioned fertilizer material is mixed, get wheat long-acting slow-release fertilizer (IV).
Above-mentioned shallot long-acting slow-release fertilizer (III) and wheat long-acting slow-release fertilizer (IV) are used for following simplification fertilizing method.
The anniversary of a kind of shallot and wheat crop rotation is simplified fertilizing method, and step is as follows:
1) solar calendar last ten-days period in June, transplant in shallot and to use the chicken manure 2500kg/ mu that becomes thoroughly decomposed in preceding 2 days, use shallot long-acting slow-release fertilizer (III) 45kg/ mu, will evenly spread fertilizer over the fields on the face of land with apply fertilizer, after the leveling of ploughing, transfer the green onion ditch, transplant the green onion seedling after 2 days; The chemical fertilizer nutrient that this time fertilising provides is a N 5.4kg/ mu, P
2O
58.1kg/ mu, K
2O 9kg/ mu, zinc sulphate 0.63kg/ mu, borax 0.315kg/ mu, the nutrient that provides can guarantee the new root development growth of the green onion seedling of transplanting, and young leaves sends, and the summer enters tubulose leaf vegetative period more smoothly thereby make shallot.
2), use urea (N content is 46%) amount to shallot and be 30kg/ mu, potassium sulphate (K in solar calendar last ten-days period in August
2O content is 50%) amount of application be 12kg/ mu; The fertilizer nutrient that this time fertilising provides is a N 13.8kg/ mu, K
2O 6kg/ mu; This time fertilization mode is for directly evenly being sprinkling upon above-mentioned fertilizer in the green onion ditch, and with fertilizer covering half to former green onion trench depth, 50m then waters with soil
3/ mu.This moment, shallot entered very light blue peak of growing season, and this moment, concentrated the using of nitrogenous fertilizer cooperated potash fertilizer to have the effect of the very light blue growth of rapid promotion, was that shallot needs the fertile key period.
3) in solar calendar the first tenday period of a month in October, preceding 10 days of wheat cultivation is used wheat long-acting slow-release fertilizer (IV) 54kg/ mu; The fertilizer nutrient that this time fertilising provides is a N 8.64kg/ mu, P
2O
59.72kg/ mu, K
2O 3.24kg/ mu, zinc sulphate 0.81kg/ mu, this time fertilization mode is: the side in green onion field planting place is opened dressing furrow, and ditch depth 9cm evenly is sprinkled into wheat long-acting slow-release fertilizer (IV) in the ditch, earthing then, and with the high green onion of earth culture ridge, 60m then waters
3/ mu.Main effect of fertilising this time is to promote very light blue continuation elongation, makes nutrient to very light blue accumulating simultaneously, increases very light blue nutrition, and is the smooth sowing of the wheat soil fertility that lays the first stone.
4) shallot flattens place, green onion ridge soil after the results in results on November 25.Late March in 1 year, i.e. the shooting stage of wheat, use urea 13kg/ mu this moment, and potassium sulphate is a 4.2kg/ mu, and the chemical fertilizer nutrient that provide this period is a N 6kg/ mu, K
2O 2.1kg/ mu, at wheat in the ranks, originally dressing furrow is opened in green onion field planting place, and ditch depth 7cm applies in the ditch fertilizer and earthing.Be the fertile key period of need of impelling wheat tillering Cheng Sui at this moment, using of nitrogen potash fertilizer can improve the percentage of earbearing tiller that the wheat secondary is tillered, and guarantees the nutrient supply in booting stage.Wheat was gathered in the crops in early June.
Through continuous 2 years field trial, apply fertilizer than peasant habit by using above-mentioned simplification fertilizing method, the single annual volume increase of the shallot of output 380kg, wheat on average increases production 42kg/ mu; Rotation cycle average labour of saving that gets off drops into 140 yuan/mu, and net profit can reach 562 yuan/mu, and the comparable peasant habit fertilising of utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer improves 8.3 percentage points.Be applicable to the production of shallot wheat anniversary rotation system.
Embodiment 3:
The preparation of slow release fertilizer:
A kind of shallot long-acting slow-release fertilizer (V), parts by weight of raw materials is as follows:
Nitrogenous fertilizer: 13 parts is urea,
Phosphate fertilizer: 15 parts is double superphosphate,
Potash fertilizer: 24 parts is potassium sulphate,
The NAM additive: 0.5 part,
Zinc sulphate: 1 part, described zinc sulphate is white vitriol,
Borax: 0.5 part, described borax is ten water sodium tetraborate decahydrates.
Above-mentioned raw materials fertilizer is mixed, get shallot long-acting slow-release fertilizer (V).
One grow wheat long-acting slow-release fertilizer (VI), parts by weight of raw materials is as follows:
Nitrogenous fertilizer: 12 parts is urea,
Phosphate fertilizer: 17 parts is superphosphate,
Potash fertilizer: 10 parts is potassium sulphate,
The NAM additive: 0.6 part,
Zinc sulphate: 1.4 parts, described zinc sulphate is white vitriol.
Above-mentioned fertilizer material is mixed, get wheat long-acting slow-release fertilizer (VI).
Above-mentioned shallot long-acting slow-release fertilizer (V) and wheat long-acting slow-release fertilizer (VI) are used for following simplification fertilizing method.
The anniversary of a kind of shallot and wheat crop rotation is simplified fertilizing method, and step is as follows:
1) solar calendar last ten-days period in June, transplant in shallot and to use the chicken manure 2700kg/ mu that becomes thoroughly decomposed in preceding 2 days, use shallot long-acting slow-release fertilizer (V) 48kg/ mu, fertilizer and chemical fertilizer evenly spread fertilizer over the fields on the face of land, after the leveling of ploughing, transfer the green onion ditch, transplant the green onion seedling after 2 days; The chemical fertilizer nutrient that this time fertilising provides is a N 6.24kg/ mu, P
2O
57.2kg/ mu, K
2O 11.52kg/ mu, zinc sulphate 0.48kg/ mu, borax 0.24kg/ mu, the nutrient that provides can guarantee the new root development growth of the green onion seedling of transplanting, and young leaves sends, and the summer enters tubulose leaf vegetative period more smoothly thereby make shallot.
2), use urea (N content is 46%) amount to shallot and be 25kg/ mu, potassium sulphate (K in solar calendar last ten-days period in August
2O content is 50%) amount of application be 8kg/ mu; The fertilizer nutrient that this time fertilising provides is a N 11.5kg/ mu, K
2O 4.5kg/ mu; This time fertilization mode is for directly evenly being sprinkling upon above-mentioned fertilizer in the green onion ditch, with native fertilizer covered to the green onion trench depth half, and 40m then waters
3/ mu.This moment, shallot entered very light blue peak of growing season, and this moment, concentrated the using of nitrogenous fertilizer cooperated potash fertilizer to have the effect of the very light blue growth of rapid promotion, was that shallot needs the fertile key period.
3) in solar calendar the first tenday period of a month in October, preceding 8 days of wheat cultivation is used wheat long-acting slow-release fertilizer (VI) 52kg/ mu; The fertilizer nutrient that this time fertilising provides is a N 6.24kg/ mu, P
2O
58.84kg/ mu, K
2O 5.2kg/ mu, zinc sulphate 0.73kg/ mu, this time fertilization mode is: the side in green onion field planting place is opened dressing furrow, and ditch depth 8cm evenly is sprinkled into wheat long-acting slow-release fertilizer (VI) in the ditch, earthing then, and with the high green onion of earth culture ridge, 60m then waters
3/ mu.Main effect of fertilising this time is to promote very light blue continuation elongation, makes nutrient to very light blue accumulating simultaneously, increases very light blue nutrition, and is the smooth sowing of the wheat soil fertility that lays the first stone.
4) shallot flattens place, green onion ridge soil after the results in results on November 28.Late March in 1 year, i.e. the shooting stage of wheat, use urea 17.4kg/ mu this moment, and potassium sulphate is a 2.4kg/ mu, and the chemical fertilizer nutrient that provide this period is a N8kg/ mu, K
2O 1.2kg/ mu, at wheat in the ranks, originally dressing furrow is opened in green onion field planting place, and ditch depth 8cm applies in the ditch fertilizer and earthing.Be the fertile key period of need of impelling wheat tillering Cheng Sui at this moment, using of nitrogen potash fertilizer can improve the percentage of earbearing tiller that the wheat secondary is tillered, and guarantees the nutrient supply in booting stage.Wheat was gathered in the crops in early June.
Through the field trial of anniversary, to apply fertilizer than peasant habit by using above-mentioned simplification fertilizing method, the shallot of output is on average increased production 325kg, and wheat on average increases production 35kg/ mu; Rotation cycle average labour of saving that gets off drops into 125 yuan/mu, and net profit can reach 485 yuan/mu, and the comparable peasant habit fertilising of utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer improves 8.8 percentage points.Be applicable to the production of shallot wheat anniversary rotation system.
Embodiment 4:
The anniversary of a kind of shallot and wheat crop rotation is simplified fertilizing method, and step is as follows:
1) solar calendar last ten-days period in June, transplant in shallot and to use the chicken manure 2500kg/ mu that becomes thoroughly decomposed in preceding 2 days, use shallot long-acting slow-release fertilizer (I) 46kg/ mu, will evenly spread fertilizer over the fields on the face of land with apply fertilizer, after the leveling of ploughing, transfer the green onion ditch, transplant the green onion seedling after 2 days; The chemical fertilizer nutrient that this time fertilising provides is a N 6kg/ mu, P
2O
57.36kg/ mu, K
2O 10.6kg/ mu, zinc sulphate 0.55kg/ mu, borax 0.276kg/ mu, the nutrient that provides can guarantee the new root development growth of the green onion seedling of transplanting, and young leaves sends, and the summer enters tubulose leaf vegetative period more smoothly thereby make shallot.
2), use urea (N content is 46%) amount to shallot and be 27kg/ mu, potassium sulphate (K in solar calendar last ten-days period in August
2O content is 50%) amount of application be 11kg/ mu; The fertilizer nutrient that this time fertilising provides is a N 12.4kg/ mu, K
2O 5.5kg/ mu; This time fertilization mode is for directly evenly being sprinkling upon above-mentioned fertilizer in the green onion ditch, and with fertilizer covering half to former green onion trench depth, 50m then waters with soil
3/ mu.This moment, shallot entered very light blue peak of growing season, and this moment, concentrated the using of nitrogenous fertilizer cooperated potash fertilizer to have the effect of the very light blue growth of rapid promotion, was that shallot needs the fertile key period.
3) in solar calendar the first tenday period of a month in October, preceding 10 days of wheat cultivation is used wheat long-acting slow-release fertilizer (II) 54kg/ mu; The fertilizer nutrient that this time fertilising provides is a N 8.1kg/ mu, P
2O
58.64kg/ mu, K
2O 4.86kg/ mu, zinc sulphate 0.6kg/ mu, this time fertilization mode is: the side in green onion field planting place is opened dressing furrow, and ditch depth 9cm evenly is sprinkled into wheat long-acting slow-release fertilizer (II) in the ditch, earthing then, and with the high green onion of earth culture ridge, 55m then waters
3/ mu.Main effect of fertilising this time is to promote very light blue continuation elongation, makes nutrient to very light blue accumulating simultaneously, increases very light blue nutrition, and is the smooth sowing of the wheat soil fertility that lays the first stone.
4) shallot flattens place, green onion ridge soil after the results in results on November 25.In the late March in 1 year (being the shooting stage of wheat), use urea 16kg/ mu this moment, and potassium sulphate is a 4.2kg/ mu, and the chemical fertilizer nutrient that provide this period is a N7.36kg/ mu, K
2O 2.1kg/ mu, at wheat in the ranks, originally dressing furrow is opened in green onion field planting place, and ditch depth 8cm applies in the ditch fertilizer and earthing.Be the fertile key period of need of impelling wheat tillering Cheng Sui at this moment, using of nitrogen potash fertilizer can improve the percentage of earbearing tiller that the wheat secondary is tillered, and guarantees the nutrient supply in booting stage.Wheat was gathered in the crops in early June.
Through the field trial of anniversary, to apply fertilizer than peasant habit by using above-mentioned simplification fertilizing method, the shallot of output is on average increased production 340kg, and wheat on average increases production 33kg/ mu; Rotation cycle average labour of saving that gets off drops into 125 yuan/mu, and net profit can reach 498 yuan/mu, and the comparable peasant habit fertilising of utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer improves 9.1 percentage points.
Claims (8)
1. the anniversary of shallot and wheat crop rotation is simplified fertilizing method, and step is as follows:
1) solar calendar last ten-days period in June, before transplanting, shallot used the chicken manure 2500-3000kg/ mu that becomes thoroughly decomposed in 2-3 days, use shallot long-acting slow-release fertilizer 45-50kg/ mu; The chemical fertilizer nutrient that this time fertilising provides is a N 4.5-7kg/ mu, P
2O
56-9kg/ mu, K
2O9-12kg/ mu; Described shallot long-acting slow-release fertilizer, weight portion is composed as follows:
Nitrogenous fertilizer 10-14 part, phosphate fertilizer 14-18 part, potash fertilizer 20-24 part, NAM additive 0.5-0.8 part, zinc sulphate 1-1.5 part, borax 0.5-1 part;
2) in solar calendar last ten-days period in August, giving shallot applied nitrogen amount is 22-30kg/ mu, and the amount of application of potash fertilizer is a 8-12kg/ mu; The fertilizer nutrient that this time fertilising provides is a N 10-14kg/ mu, K
2O 4-6kg/ mu, using of fertilizer cooperating ridging and pouring water, and irrigation quantity is 40-50m
3/ mu;
3) in solar calendar the first tenday period of a month in October, wheat cultivation preceding 1 is used the fertile 50-55kg/ mu of wheat long-acting slow-release in thoughtful 10 days; The fertilizer nutrient that this time fertilising provides is a N 6-9kg/ mu, P
2O
57-10kg/ mu, K
2O 3-5.5kg/ mu, using of fertilizer cooperating ridging and pouring water, and irrigation quantity is 50-60m
3/ mu; Described wheat long-acting slow-release fertilizer, weight portion is composed as follows:
Nitrogenous fertilizer 12-16 part, phosphate fertilizer 14-18 part, potash fertilizer 6-10 part, NAM additive 0.6-1.2 part, zinc sulphate 1-1.5 part;
4) shallot was gathered in the crops at the bottom of solar calendar November; The middle ten days and the last ten days in March in 1 year, i.e. turning green the shooting stage of wheat, the amount of applied nitrogen is a 13-17.5kg/ mu, and the amount of application of potash fertilizer is a 2-5kg/ mu, and the fertilizer nutrient that this time fertilising provides is a N 6-8kg/ mu, K
2O 1-3kg/ mu, wheat is in early and middle ten days results in June.
2. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described nitrogenous fertilizer is one of urea, carbonic hydroammonium or makes up with diammonium phosphate.
3. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described phosphate fertilizer is one of diammonium phosphate, superphosphate, double superphosphate or combination.
4. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described potash fertilizer is potassium sulphate.
5. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, in the described step 1) before shallot is transplanted 2-3 days fertilization mode for spreading fertilizer over the fields, after plough to flatten and access the green onion ditch.
6. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described step 2) in fertilization mode for directly fertilizer evenly being sprinkling upon in the green onion ditch, fertilizer is covered half of former green onion trench depth extremely with soil.
7. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, in the described step 3) fertilization mode for to open dressing furrow in green onion field planting place one side, ditch depth 8-10cm, fertilising back earthing and ridging in dressing furrow.
8. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, fertilization mode is at wheat in the ranks in the described step 4), and dressing furrow is opened in promptly original green onion field planting place, and ditch depth 5-8cm applies in the ditch fertilizer and earthing.
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| CN102511298A (en) * | 2011-12-30 | 2012-06-27 | 杨艺明 | Method for replacing hilling in planting technique of green Chinese onion |
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Non-Patent Citations (2)
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| 《农村科技开发》 19980228 陈广泉 小麦复栽大葱高产高效栽培技术 全文 1-8 , 第2期 * |
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| CN104081991B (en) * | 2014-07-08 | 2016-03-02 | 山东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所 | A kind of green onion ginger wheat crop rotation production method improving land capability |
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