CN105758433B - A kind of distribution type optical fiber sensing equipment based on Brillouin optical fiber laser - Google Patents
A kind of distribution type optical fiber sensing equipment based on Brillouin optical fiber laser Download PDFInfo
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- CN105758433B CN105758433B CN201610115839.9A CN201610115839A CN105758433B CN 105758433 B CN105758433 B CN 105758433B CN 201610115839 A CN201610115839 A CN 201610115839A CN 105758433 B CN105758433 B CN 105758433B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
- G01D5/26—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
- G01D5/32—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light
- G01D5/34—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells
- G01D5/353—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre
- G01D5/35338—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre using other arrangements than interferometer arrangements
- G01D5/35354—Sensor working in reflection
- G01D5/35358—Sensor working in reflection using backscattering to detect the measured quantity
- G01D5/35364—Sensor working in reflection using backscattering to detect the measured quantity using inelastic backscattering to detect the measured quantity, e.g. using Brillouin or Raman backscattering
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/16—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. optical strain gauge
- G01B11/18—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. optical strain gauge using photoelastic elements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01H—MEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES
- G01H9/00—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by using radiation-sensitive means, e.g. optical means
- G01H9/004—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by using radiation-sensitive means, e.g. optical means using fibre optic sensors
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01K11/00—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00
- G01K11/32—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00 using changes in transmittance, scattering or luminescence in optical fibres
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Abstract
A kind of distribution type optical fiber sensing equipment based on Brillouin optical fiber laser, including narrow linewidth pump laser, erbium-doped fiber amplifier, pulse signal generator, scrambler, optoisolator etc., the two-beam ripple of about Brillouin shift is differed using the dual output port output frequency of Brillouin optical fiber laser, the Brillouin laser pulse modulated of a branch of frequency-adjustable is pump light, and another Shu Ze is used as continuous probe light.Adjustable Brillouin laser output is realized by the temperature controller of Brillouin laser chamber.With continuous probe light Brillouin's interaction occurs in sensor fibre for the pulse pump light of frequency-adjustable.The signal transacting of the sensor-based system rear end is as general Brillouin optical time domain analysis system.Pumping and detection light are provided by Brillouin optical fiber laser, required adjustable microwave source and supporting modulator in general Brillouin optical time domain analysis system can be saved, substantially reduce whole system cost and complexity, is easy to the optics of system integrated and encapsulates.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Brillouin optical fiber laser and profile fiber field of sensing technologies, and in particular to one kind is based in cloth
The distribution type optical fiber sensing equipment and method of deep pool scattering.
Background technology
Brillouin optical fiber laser based on Brillouin scattering effect due to its it is exclusive the characteristics of, occur excited Brillouin dissipate
Brillouin's stokes light, its frequency move down a Brillouin shift relative to Brillouin's pump light caused by penetrating, its value one side
Face depends on optical fiber own material and doping characteristic, on the other hand also by optical fiber local environment factor, such as environment temperature, strain
Influence.In addition Brillouin scattering laser rays width, the characteristics of laser structure is simple.The application of Brillouin optical fiber laser is ground
Study carefully turns into the focus of people's research, and it is applied to vibrating sensor, photoproduction microwave signal, Brillouin shift device, microwave light
Subfilter, fibre optic temperature sensor, liquid level sensor, pressure sensor etc. etc..
Distributed Optical Fiber Sensing Techniques utilize the scattering mechanism in optical fiber, and optical fiber is both made into sensing element, is also used as
The medium of transmission signal, it is continuous with time and space that it can accurately obtain upper temperature, strain, vibration etc. along sensor fibre
The information of change.Brillouin optical time domain analysis instrument (Brillouin Optical Time- based on optical fiber stimulated Brillouin scattering
Domain Analysis, BOTDA) it is that there is long range, high measurement accuracy, the temperature of high spatial resolution and strain measurement energy
The sensing technology of power, in the monitoring structural health conditions of the Large Infrastructure Projects such as bridge, tunnel, railway, communications optical cable, oil-gas pipeline
There is huge application prospect.In this technology, when the difference on the frequency of the two-beam ripple transmitted in opposite directions in optical fiber increases in Brillouin
When in beneficial scope, they occur excited Brillouin by acoustic wavefield and acted on, and energy transfer can occur between two-beam, work as two-beam
Difference on the frequency be equal to optical fiber Brillouin shift (Brillouin frequency shift, BFS) when, energy transfer amount is most
Greatly, a linear relationship be present between this Brillouin shift (BFS) and temperature or strain, turned by measuring two-beam wave energy
Difference on the frequency when shifting amount is maximum, and then measure Brillouin shift (BFS), so can be obtained by the temperature that is carried on optical fiber or
Strain size.It is currently used obtain two beams transmit in opposite directions pump light with detect light method be to use Electro-optical Modulation microwave source
Shift frequency is carried out, this method needs expensive high-performance adjustable microwave source, and high-speed modulator is also usually not easy stabilization in addition
Work.
The content of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of above-mentioned traditional BOTDA systems, proposes that one kind is based on Brillouin fiber optic laser
The distribution type optical fiber sensing equipment of device.
The present invention, which combines Brillouin optical fiber laser, has the characteristics of frequency displacement, it is proposed that one kind is based on Brillouin fiber optic laser
The distribution type optical fiber sensing equipment and method of device, utilize the dual output port output frequency difference about one of Brillouin optical fiber laser
The light wave of two beam frequency stabilizations of individual Brillouin shift, wherein the low frequency light of a branch of narrow linewidth is to obtain pulse pump light, separately
A branch of optical frequency light consistent with Brillouin's pumping optical frequency is used as continuous probe light.In addition, the pulse pump optical frequency of low frequency can be adjusted
Humorous, this is realized by the temperature of the temperature controller change intracavitary brillouin gain optical fiber of Brillouin laser chamber.The distribution
Fibre-optical sensing device can be with measurement temperature, strain.The signal transacting of System Back-end is as common BOTDA.So, can save
High frequency adjustable microwave source and high-speed modulator, substantially reduce whole system cost.If the temperature of front end Brillouin laser intracavitary
Spend that controller keeping temperature is constant and untuned, then the system can also carry out vibration measurement to sensor fibre.
The technical scheme that the present invention takes is as follows.
A kind of distribution type optical fiber sensing equipment based on Brillouin optical fiber laser, including narrow linewidth pump laser（1）、
First erbium-doped fiber amplifier（2）, the first optical circulator（3）, temperature controller（4）, brillouin gain optical fiber（5）, optical fiber coupling
Clutch（6）, pulse signal generator（7）, electro-optic intensity modulator（8）, the second erbium-doped fiber amplifier（9）, scrambler（10）、
Optoisolator（11）, sensor fibre（12）, the second optical circulator（13）, photodetector（14）, Signal acquiring and processing device
（15）；The narrow linewidth pump laser（1）It is connected to the first erbium-doped fiber amplifier（2）Input port carry out optical signal amplifying
Greatly, first erbium-doped fiber amplifier（2）Output port be connected to the first optical circulator first port（31）；First light
Circulator second port（32）It is connected to brillouin gain optical fiber（5）One end, brillouin gain optical fiber（5）It is placed in temperature-controlled cabinet
It is interior, brillouin gain optical fiber（5）The other end be connected to fiber coupler first port（61）；The end of fiber coupler the 3rd
Mouthful（63）The Brillouin laser that output frequency moves down is connected to electro-optic intensity modulator（8）Light input end；The fiber coupling
Device second port（62）It is connected to the port of the first optical circulator the 3rd（33）；The port of fiber coupler the 4th（64）Output frequency
With narrow linewidth laser（1）Frequency it is consistent be optically coupled to optoisolator（11）Input；The electro-optic intensity modulator（8）
Electric signal input end and pulse signal generator（7）Connection carries out impulse modulation, the electro-optic intensity modulator（8）Output
End is connected to the second erbium-doped fiber amplifier（9）Input；Second erbium-doped fiber amplifier（9）Output end connection scrambler
（10）Input；The scrambler（10）Output end connect the second optical circulator first port（131）；Second ring of light
Shape device second port（132）Connect sensor fibre（12）One end, the sensor fibre（12）The other end be connected to it is optically isolated
Device（11）Output end；The port of second optical circulator the 3rd（133）Connect photodetector（14）Light input end, the photoelectricity
Detector（14）Output end be connected to signal acquisition and processing unit（15）Input.
Fore-end [the narrow linewidth pump laser of the present invention（1）, the first erbium-doped fiber amplifier（2）, the first ring of light shape
Device（3）, temperature controller（4）, brillouin gain optical fiber（5）, fiber coupler（6）] can be the inclined structure of all risk insurance or
Non- polarization-maintaining structure.Intracavitary brillouin gain optical fiber（5）It can be ordinary optic fibre, can be that polarization maintaining optical fibre or height are non-thread
Property optical fiber or polarization-maintaining highly nonlinear optical fiber.If being non-polarization-maintaining structure, to make stimulated Brillouin scattering most strong, can be fitted in intracavitary
When Polarization Controller is accessed in position.Key parameter requirement to brillouin gain optical fiber is that its Brillouin shift value compares sensor fibre
Brillouin shift it is small, and differ about 100MHz, with ensure tune increase Brillouin laser frequency when, BOTDA systems can be reached
The frequency sweep requirement of system.
Fiber coupler of the present invention（6）Light splitting ratio can adjust according to actual needs, output port splitting ratio
Example is big, will export relatively high luminous power, conversely then exports relatively small luminous power.
Distributing optical fiber sensing provided by the invention based on Brillouin optical fiber laser, its course of work are：Narrow linewidth
Pump laser（1）Output light pass through the first erbium-doped fiber amplifier（2）After amplification, the pump as Brillouin optical fiber laser
Pu light, pump light is through the first optical circulator first port（31）With the first optical circulator second port（32）Into brillouin gain
Optical fiber（5）, when the power of pump light is sufficiently large, generation frequency is moved down in brillouin gain optical fiber（Frequency, which moves down, to measure
Certainly in brillouin gain optical fiber）Backwards to Brillouin scattering laser, laser frequency can be by temperature control box（4）Control brillouin gain light
It is fine（5）Temperature adjust, Brillouin scattering laser is counterclockwise in annular chamber（By the first optical circulator second port
（32）, the port of the first optical circulator the 3rd（33）, brillouin gain optical fiber（5）, fiber coupler first port（61）And optical fiber
Coupler second port（62）Form）Interior vibration, and through fiber coupler second port（62）With the port of fiber coupler the 3rd
（63）Output；Brillouin gain on the one hand is provided for Brillouin scattering laser through the pump light part of brillouin gain optical fiber,
In addition again through fiber coupler first port（61）With the port of fiber coupler the 4th（64）Output；The Brillouin scattering of output swashs
Light pulsed signal generator modulating light pulse signal, then by the second erbium-doped fiber amplifier（9）Amplification, the light arteries and veins of amplification
Signal is rushed through scrambler（10）Disturb to the rear by the second optical fiber circulator first port（131）With second the second end of optical fiber circulator
Mouthful（132）Inject sensor fibre（12）One end；Part Brillouin's pump light of output passes through optoisolator（11）Injection passes afterwards
Photosensitive fibre（12）The other end, two-beam occur in sensor fibre Brillouin interaction；Carry sensor fibre temperature or
The continuous optical signal for the information that should diminish is again via the second optical fiber circulator second port（132）With the end of the second optical fiber circulator the 3rd
Mouthful（133）Into photodetector（14）Opto-electronic conversion is carried out, finally by signal acquisition and processing unit（15）To obtained electricity
Signal carries out signal transacting.
The present invention changes the temperature of intracavitary brillouin gain optical fiber to realize by the temperature controller of Brillouin laser chamber
The pulse pump optical frequency of low frequency can tune.Distribution type optical fiber sensing equipment of the present invention can be with measurement temperature, strain.System Back-end
Signal transacting as common BOTDA.So, high frequency adjustable microwave source and high-speed modulator can be saved, makes whole system
Cost substantially reduces.Untuned, the system if the temperature controller keeping temperature of front end Brillouin laser intracavitary is constant
Vibration measurement can also be carried out to sensor fibre.The present invention is obtained needed for Brillouin's time-domain analysis instrument using a LASER Light Source
Pump light and detection light, without expensive adjustable microwave source and supporting modulator, greatly reduce system cost and answer
Miscellaneous degree, it is integrated with encapsulating that system is also easier to optics.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the system structure diagram of the present invention.
In Fig. 1,1 is narrow linewidth pump laser, and 2 be the first erbium-doped fiber amplifier, and 3 be the first optical circulator, and 4 be temperature
Controller is spent, 5 be brillouin gain optical fiber, and 6 be fiber coupler, and 7 be pulse signal generator, and 8 be electro-optic intensity modulator,
9 be the second erbium-doped fiber amplifier, and 10 be scrambler, and 11 be optoisolator, and 12 be sensor fibre, and 13 be the second optical circulator,
14 be photodetector, and 15 be Signal acquiring and processing device, and 61 be fiber coupler first port, and 62 be fiber coupler the
Two-port netwerk, 63 be the port of fiber coupler the 3rd, and 64 be the port of fiber coupler the 4th, and 131 be optical fiber circulator first port,
132 be optical fiber circulator second port, and 133 be the port of optical fiber circulator the 3rd, and 31 be the first optical circulator first port, and 32 are
First optical circulator second port, 33 be the port of the first optical circulator the 3rd.
Embodiment
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
As shown in figure 1, after the output light of narrow linewidth pump laser 1 is amplified by the first erbium-doped fiber amplifier 2, it is used as
Brillouin optical fiber laser（It is made up of the first optical circulator 3, temperature controller 4, brillouin gain optical fiber 5, fiber coupler 6)
Light path part Brillouin's pumping.When pump power is enough, incident pump light produces in brillouin gain optical fiber with optical fiber
Raw stimulated Brillouin scattering, backscattering laser are propagated in the counterclockwise direction, reach a part of light output of fiber coupler, another
Part light stays in intracavitary and interacted with the pump light through optical fiber, and Brillouin laser is by Brillouin amplification, transmission pump light hair
Raw Brillouin's loss, pin output of the remaining Brillouin's pump light through fiber coupler opposite side.Brillouin optical fiber laser has
Two delivery outlets, one is the port 63 of fiber coupler the 3rd, and output frequency moves down one with respect to narrow linewidth pumping laser 1 here
Brillouin shift（Occurrence depends on the self-characteristic of gain fibre）Single-frequency Brillouin scattering laser, laser frequency is by intracavitary
Temperature control box 4 controls brillouin gain optical fiber 5 to realize, increases temperature control box temperature, Brillouin shift increase, and the Brillouin of output swashs
Light frequency reduces, and Brillouin shift incrementss or Brillouin laser frequency, which reduce, depends on temperature knots modification, temperature adjustment amount with
Meet BOTDA scan width requirements, it is ensured that complete brillouin gain spectrum can be obtained；Another delivery outlet is fiber coupler
Four ports 64, what is exported here is the frequency residual pump light consistent with narrow linewidth pumping laser 1；Preceding light beam pulsed signal
After generator 7 is modulated, it is changed into light pulse, then carries out power amplification by amplifier 9, is disturbed through scrambler 10 and to the rear pass through light
The first port 131 of fine circulator 13, second port 132 inject one end of sensor fibre 12；Light beam is through optoisolator afterwards
Brillouin's interaction occurs in sensor fibre and carries out energy exchange for the other end of 11 injection sensor fibre 12, two-beam；
Regulation temperature visits box temperature degree so as to change Brillouin laser output optical frequency, so under different Brillouin laser frequencies, carries
Via the second port 132 of optical fiber circulator 13, the 3rd port 133 enters the optical signal for the intensity signal being distributed along optical fiber
Photodetector 14 carries out opto-electronic conversion, just obtains one group of light intensity with frequency change along Fiber Distributed Data, passes through these
Data can obtain the Brillouin shift at optical fiber any position, can realize that the continuously distributed formula of temperature or strain passes accordingly
Sense.
Claims (1)
- A kind of 1. distribution type optical fiber sensing equipment based on Brillouin optical fiber laser, it is characterized in that including narrow linewidth pumping laser Device（1）, the first erbium-doped fiber amplifier（2）, the first optical circulator（3）, temperature controller（4）, brillouin gain optical fiber（5）、 Fiber coupler（6）, pulse signal generator（7）, electro-optic intensity modulator（8）, the second erbium-doped fiber amplifier（9）, disturb partially Device（10）, optoisolator（11）, sensor fibre（12）, the second optical circulator（13）, photodetector（14）, signal acquisition and place Manage device（15）；Narrow linewidth pump laser（1）It is connected to the first erbium-doped fiber amplifier（2）Input port enter traveling optical signal Amplification, the first erbium-doped fiber amplifier（2）Output port be connected to the first optical circulator first port（31）；First optical circulator Second port（32）It is connected to brillouin gain optical fiber（5）One end, brillouin gain optical fiber（5）It is placed in temperature-controlled cabinet, cloth In deep gain fibre（5）The other end be connected to fiber coupler first port（61）；The port of fiber coupler the 3rd（63）It is defeated Go out the Brillouin laser that frequency moves down and be connected to electro-optic intensity modulator（8）Light input end；Fiber coupler second port （62）It is connected to the port of the first optical circulator the 3rd（33）；The port of fiber coupler the 4th（64）Output frequency and narrow linewidth laser （1）Frequency it is consistent be optically coupled to optoisolator（11）Input；Electro-optic intensity modulator（8）Electric signal input end and arteries and veins Rush signal generator（7）Connection carries out impulse modulation, electro-optic intensity modulator（8）Output end be connected to the second Er-doped fiber and put Big device（9）Input；Second erbium-doped fiber amplifier（9）Output end connection scrambler（10）Input；Scrambler （10）Output end connect the second optical circulator first port（131）；Second optical circulator second port（132）Connect sense light It is fine（12）One end, sensor fibre（12）The other end be connected to optoisolator（11）Output end；Second optical circulator the 3rd Port（133）Connect photodetector（14）Light input end, photodetector（14）Output end be connected to signal acquisition with place Manage device（15）Input.
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| CN102706451A (en) * | 2012-07-02 | 2012-10-03 | 中国计量学院 | High-precision spectrum analyzer using stimulated Brillouin light loss mechanism |
| CN103090894A (en) * | 2013-01-10 | 2013-05-08 | 中国人民解放军国防科学技术大学 | Distributed optical fiber sensing device and method based on Brillouin Er-doped fiber laser |
| CN103840365A (en) * | 2014-03-13 | 2014-06-04 | 盐城工学院 | Tunable microwave signal generation device and method based on multi-wavelength Brillouin laser |
| CN103986056A (en) * | 2014-05-13 | 2014-08-13 | 盐城工学院 | Tunable microwave signal generation device and method based on TEC temperature control |
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| CN102706451A (en) * | 2012-07-02 | 2012-10-03 | 中国计量学院 | High-precision spectrum analyzer using stimulated Brillouin light loss mechanism |
| CN103090894A (en) * | 2013-01-10 | 2013-05-08 | 中国人民解放军国防科学技术大学 | Distributed optical fiber sensing device and method based on Brillouin Er-doped fiber laser |
| CN103840365A (en) * | 2014-03-13 | 2014-06-04 | 盐城工学院 | Tunable microwave signal generation device and method based on multi-wavelength Brillouin laser |
| CN103986056A (en) * | 2014-05-13 | 2014-08-13 | 盐城工学院 | Tunable microwave signal generation device and method based on TEC temperature control |
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