CN105746330A - Asparagus pond culture method - Google Patents
Asparagus pond culture method Download PDFInfo
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- CN105746330A CN105746330A CN201610060753.0A CN201610060753A CN105746330A CN 105746330 A CN105746330 A CN 105746330A CN 201610060753 A CN201610060753 A CN 201610060753A CN 105746330 A CN105746330 A CN 105746330A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G33/00—Cultivation of seaweed or algae
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
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Abstract
The invention relates to an asparagus pond culture method and belongs to the technical field of alga culture. The substrate of a pond is selected, a water inlet and outlet system is arranged, and seawater is directly introduced into the pond; a culture raft frame is arranged in the pond, the row length of a single culture raft is 30-50 m, and the direction of the rafts is parallel to the water inlet and outlet direction; each culture raft comprises mooring ropes, seedling ropes and a floating ball, wherein the floating ball and the seedling ropes are tied onto the mooring ropes, the line spacing of the mooring ropes in the culture raft is 2.5-4.5 m, 30-40 seedling ropes are hung on each row of single raft, and the space between the rafts is 1-4 m. Asparagus breeding alga seedling clamping is conducted, the distance between the alga body and the water surface is adjusted to be 20-70 cm during culture, and the alga body is washed in a swing mode; when the fresh weight of asparagus on each seedling rope reaches 4-6 kg, 1/2-3/4 weight of asparagus is harvested, and the rest continues to grow. By the adoption of the method, high-yield culture of asparagus in northern ponds is achieved, and the defect that asparagus can only be cultured in an open offshore area is overcome.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to algae culturing technical field, particularly relate to the pond breeding method of a kind of Thallus Gracilariae.
Background technology
Sea-farming is the important component part of aquatic products industry, mainly marine fish, shrimp, shellfish, algae etc. is cultivated, and breeding way is mainly raft culture, propagation and cage culture etc. are broadcast in the end.And in recent years, development as the pond culture of the main breeding way of sea water is comparatively rapid, but also there are the problems such as seawater quality deterioration, cause that pond culture economic output reduces, facts have proved, being a kind of economical and efficient and eco-friendly breeding way at pond polyculture tangleweed, but there is also certain limitation in cultivation kind and breeding way, the algae being adapted to sea-farming mode is not necessarily capable of the normal growth in pond；And in pond culture, the concrete breeding way adopted is different, and culture efficiency also has very big-difference.
Thallus Gracilariae (Gracilarialemaneiformis) is the tangleweed in Rhodophyta Gracilaria, naturally low tide band or subtidal zone it are grown in, it is distributed mainly on Shandong Province of China and Liaoning Province, have and grow fast, agar content high, it is best suitable for the season of growth is spring, Qiu Liangji, can keep quickly nourishing and growing in the season of growth, be the main algae culturing kind of China.The main breeding way of current Thallus Gracilariae is in open immediate offshore area raft culture, have no the report in the semiclosed environment cultural method of pond in North China, in the north, the semiclosed environment in pond be mainly characterized by that current less, the four seasons temperature difference of exchange is relatively big, have different sick harmful animals.Pond in North China cultivated gardon asparagus needs according to its environmental quality, adjusting raft formula cultural method and growing environment condition, and Thallus Gracilariae just can be made successfully to cultivate in pond, improves the environment in pond, improves economic output.But, at present a kind of it is capable of the method at pond in North China high yield cultivated gardon asparagus.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide the pond breeding method of a kind of Thallus Gracilariae, cultural method provided by the invention is possible not only to ensure that Thallus Gracilariae kind algae carries out good growth in pond, and can significantly improve the cultured output of Thallus Gracilariae.
The invention provides the pond breeding method of a kind of Thallus Gracilariae, comprise the following steps:
The substrate in pond is selected, culvert system is set, pond is introduced directly into sea water；
Pond arranges culture raft frame, described culturing raft list raft length is 30～50m, raft is to enter drainage direction parallel, culturing raft includes hawser, Seedling rope and ball float, described ball float and Seedling rope lie on hawser, in described culturing raft, hawser line-spacing is 2.5～4.5m, and often 30～40 Seedling ropes hung by the single raft of row, and raft spacing is 1～4m；
Thallus Gracilariae kind algae carries out folder Seedling process；
During cultivation, the frond depth adjustment from the water surface is between 20～70cm, and pendulum washes frond；
When every Seedling Thallus Gracilariae fresh weight reaches 4～6kg, the Thallus Gracilariae of results 1/2～3/4 weight, remainder continued growth.
Preferably, described substrate is silt substrate；
Preferably, in described pond, the depth of water is more than 2m, and transparency is more than 25cm.
Preferably, described culvert system includes water inlet pipe and drain pipe, described water inlet pipe UNICOM surrounding waters, imports new sea water in described pond, and in described importing pond, the salinity of sea water is 25～32 ‰.
Preferably, in described culturing raft, the material of hawser is polyethylene or polypropylene, and cable diameter is 1.5～2cm；
Preferably, the material of described ball float is plastics, and the diameter of described ball float is 20～40cm, and the weight of described ball float is 1.2～1.8kg, and the buoyancy of described ball float is 10～15kg；
Preferably, the material of described Seedling rope is 300 polyethylene ropes, and Seedling rope length is 3～5m.
Preferably, before described folder Seedling, Seedling rope is handled as follows:
When described Seedling rope is for using first, 7d before folder Seedling, with freshwater soaking 1～2d；
When described Seedling rope is for reusing, 7d before folder Seedling, successively with 200～500mg/L bleaching powder soaking disinfection, then use fresh water flush three times, then with freshwater soaking 1～2d.
Preferably, described Seedling rope two ends respectively reserve 20～25cm and are connected with hawser, put down and are hung on raft frame；
Preferably, the folder Seedling amount of described folder Seedling is every meter of Seedling rope clamp 150～200g Thallus Gracilariae, bunch weight 10～12g, and bunch spacing 5～10cm is clipped in the middle part of Seedling, shading.
Preferably, the length of described kind of algae is 20～30cm.
Preferably, it is annual April to July and/or JIUYUE during described cultivation to November；
Preferably, the thermophilic during cultivation is 12～26 DEG C.
Preferably, during described cultivation, the frond depth adjustment range from the water surface is: 20-70cm, and according to different culturing times, 4～May, the adjustment degree of depth is 40～70cm；In 6～July, the adjustment degree of depth is 40cm；In 9～October, the adjustment degree of depth is 20～40cm；In November, the adjustment degree of depth is 40～70cm.
Preferably, described breeding process carries out the preventing and treating of disease, and the prevention and controls of described disease is:
Preventing and treating for white rotten disease: select healthy Thallus Gracilariae kind algae, carries out the adjustment of water layer, strengthens quantity of exchanged water；
Preventing and treating for harmful animal algae gammarid and skeleton shrimp: sodium nitrate solution with 2～5 ‰ or ammonium sulfate put back to pond after dipping Seedling rope 5～15min；
Preventing and treating for the assorted algae of growing nonparasitically upon another plant property: mainly prevent and treat waterside liverwort chlorella during April～water temperature rising in July, mainly preventing and treating multitube algae during JIUYUE～water temperature drop in November: to the process of assorted algae for being made directly manual excision, or Seedling rope is taken bank, 8mmol/L sodium hypochlorite is used to soak, the process time is 15～18min, then wash drug residue, put back to pond.
The invention provides a kind of Thallus Gracilariae pond breeding method, comprise the following steps: the substrate in pond is selected, culvert system is set, pond is introduced directly into sea water；Pond arranges culture raft frame, described culturing raft list raft length is 30～50m, raft is to enter drainage direction parallel, culturing raft includes hawser, Seedling rope and ball float, described ball float and Seedling rope lie on hawser, in described culturing raft, hawser line-spacing is 2.5～4.5m, and often 30～40 Seedling ropes hung by the single raft of row, and raft spacing is 1～4m；Thallus Gracilariae kind algae carries out folder Seedling process；During cultivation, the frond depth adjustment from the water surface is between 20～70cm, and pendulum washes frond；When every Seedling Thallus Gracilariae fresh weight reaches 4～6kg, the Thallus Gracilariae of results 1/2～3/4 weight, remainder continued growth.Method provided by the invention comprises the concrete cultural method of the process to pond and culturing raft and Thallus Gracilariae, bottom material of pond for breeding and the setting entering draining and the concrete arrangement of culturing raft, is suitable to Thallus Gracilariae and grows in pond；Setting in conjunction with cultural method makes Thallus Gracilariae be capable of high yielding culture.Result of the test shows, in this application, Thallus Gracilariae Seeded growth is after one month, Thallus Gracilariae weight gain more than 20 times, and the water quality in pond be improved significantly.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the culturing raft structural representation that the embodiment of the present invention provides；
Detailed description of the invention
The invention provides a kind of Thallus Gracilariae pond breeding method, comprise the following steps:
The substrate in pond is selected, culvert system is set, pond is introduced directly into sea water；
Pond arranges culture raft frame, described culturing raft list raft length is 30～50m, raft is to enter drainage direction parallel, culturing raft includes hawser, Seedling rope and ball float, described ball float and Seedling rope lie on hawser, in described culturing raft, hawser line-spacing is 2.5～4.5m, and often 30～40 Seedling ropes hung by the single raft of row, and raft spacing is 1～4m；
Thallus Gracilariae kind algae carries out folder Seedling process；
During cultivation, the frond depth adjustment from the water surface is between 20～70cm, and pendulum washes frond；
When every Seedling Thallus Gracilariae fresh weight reaches 4～6kg, the Thallus Gracilariae of results 1/2～3/4 weight, remainder continued growth.
Thallus Gracilariae is cultivated by method provided by the invention in pond.
In the present invention, the substrate in pond is selected, culvert system is set, pond is introduced directly into sea water.In the present invention, the substrate in pond is preferably silt substrate.
In the present invention, the depth of water in described pond is preferably greater than 2m；In described pond, the transparency of water is preferably greater than 25cm, more preferably 25～50cm, it is most preferred that be 35～45cm.
In the present invention, described culvert system preferably includes water inlet pipe and drain pipe, described water inlet pipe UNICOM surrounding waters, imports new sea water in described pond.In the present invention, described pond is arranged on within the 1km of marine site, more preferably 500～800m.In the present invention, in described importing pond, the salinity of sea water is 25～32 ‰, more preferably 30 ‰.Drain pipe is unimpeded, it is possible to though draining-off sewage.
In the present invention, being provided with culturing raft raft frame in pond, described culturing raft list raft length is 30～50m, more preferably 35～45m, it is most preferred that for 40m；Raft is to enter drainage direction parallel.In the present invention, culturing raft includes hawser, Seedling rope and ball float, described ball float and Seedling rope and lies on hawser, and in described culturing raft, hawser line-spacing is 2.5～4.5m, more preferably 3.0～4.0m；Often 30～40 Seedling ropes hung by the single raft of row, more preferably 35；Raft spacing is 1～4m, more preferably 2～3m.
The setting up procedure of described culturing raft is not had special restriction by the present invention, adopts technical scheme prepared by culturing raft well known to those skilled in the art.In the present invention, the material that culturing raft piling adopts is preferably Masson Pine；The diameter of described Masson Pine is preferably 8～15cm, more preferably 10cm；The length of described Masson Pine is preferably 1～1.5m, more preferably 1.2m.In piling process, stake is squeezed into the degree of depth of soil layer and is preferably 50～90cm, more preferably 55～80cm, it is most preferred that be 60～70cm.In the present invention, the material of described hawser is polyethylene or polypropylene；Described cable diameter is 1.5～2cm, more preferably 1.8cm；30～60cm the place, poly-upper end at stake tied up by described hawser, more preferably 35～55cm place, it is most preferred that be 40～50cm place.
In the present invention, described ball float regulates the degree of depth of culturing raft, and the material of described ball float is preferably plastics.In the present invention, the diameter of described ball float is preferably 20～40cm, more preferably 25～35cm, it is most preferred that for 30cm；The weight of described ball float is preferably 1.2～1.8kg, more preferably 1.6kg；The buoyancy of described ball float is preferably 10～15kg, more preferably 12.5kg.In the present invention, described ball float polyethylene rope lies on hawser, and polyethylene rope length is 1～2m, more preferably 1.5m；Described polyethylene rope is preferably to folded use.
In the present invention, the material pressing from both sides Seedling Seedling rope is preferably 300 polyethylene ropes；The diameter of described Seedling rope is preferably 0.5～1.5cm, more preferably 0.5～1.0cm；Described Seedling rope length is preferably 3～5m, more preferably 4m.In the present invention, described Seedling rope is in flat foster state.
The structure of culturing raft is as shown in Figure 1, Fig. 1 is the culturing raft structural representation that the embodiment of the present invention provides, as seen from Figure 1, described culturing raft includes hawser, Miao Sheng, ball float (not shown in FIG.) and multiple raft stake, and described raft stake is used for fixing hawser, and described hawser is arranged along the water (flow) direction of water inlet-water outlet, described Seedling rope connects with adjacent hawser, Seedling rope two ends lie on adjacent two hawsers, and flat supporting is placed, and described ball float ties up on hawser.
After culturing raft is provided with, Thallus Gracilariae kind algae is carried out folder Seedling and processes by the present invention.The present invention is before folder Seedling, it is preferable that Seedling rope is processed, described process preferably particularly as follows:
When described Seedling rope is for using first, first 7 days of Seedling of folder, with freshwater soaking 1～2 day, more preferably 1.5 days；
When described Seedling rope is for reusing, 7d before folder Seedling, successively with 200～500mg/L, more preferably the bleaching powder soaking disinfection of 300mg/L, then use fresh water flush three times, then with freshwater soaking 1～2d, more preferably 1.5 days.
In the present invention, in folder Seedling process, Seedling rope two ends preferably respectively reserve 20～25cm and are connected with hawser, more preferably 22cm, put down and are hung on raft frame.
In the present invention, the folder Seedling amount of described folder Seedling is preferably every meter of Seedling rope 150～200g Thallus Gracilariae kind algae, more preferably 160～190g, it is most preferred that be 170～180g；Bunch heavily it is preferably 10～12g, more preferably 11g；Bunch spacing is preferably 5～10cm, more preferably 8cm；Being clipped in the middle part of Seedling, shading keeps moistening.
In the present invention, the kind algae length of folder Seedling is 20～30cm, more preferably 25cm.Described kind of algae derives from the Thallus Gracilariae of sea area cultivation, plants and keeps transport temperature less than 25 DEG C in algae transportation.
After folder Seedling completes, described Thallus Gracilariae is cultivated by the present invention, and during cultivation, the frond depth adjustment from the water surface is between 20～70cm, and pendulum washes frond.In the present invention, during the cultivation of described Thallus Gracilariae it is annual April to July and/or 9 to November；Thermophilic during described cultivation is preferably 12～26 DEG C, more preferably 15～25 DEG C, it is most preferred that be 20 DEG C.
During cultivating, the detailed process of the described frond depth adjustment from the water surface is preferably:
In 4～May, regulate the degree of depth and be preferably 40～70cm, more preferably 50～65cm, it is most preferred that be 55～60cm；
In 6～July, regulate degree of depth 40cm；
In 9～October, regulate the degree of depth 20～40cm, more preferably 25～35cm, it is most preferred that for 30cm；
In November, regulate the degree of depth 40～70cm, more preferably 45～60cm, it is most preferred that for 50cm.
Described pendulum is washed the method for frond by the present invention does not have special restriction, adopts frond well known to those skilled in the art to put the technical scheme washed；Frond is carried out pendulum and wash preferred every day by the present invention.
Disease is prevented and treated by the present invention preferably in the breeding process of Thallus Gracilariae, and the present invention adopts different prevention and controls according to different diseases, it is preferable that particularly as follows:
Preventing and treating for white rotten disease: select healthy Thallus Gracilariae kind algae, carry out the adjustment of water layer, carry out changing water；
Preventing and treating for harmful animal algae gammarid and skeleton shrimp: sodium nitrate solution with 2～5 ‰ or ammonium sulfate put back to pond after dipping Seedling rope 5～15min；The mass concentration of described sodium nitrate solution or ammonium sulfate is more preferably 2 ‰, described in dip time of Seedling rope and be more preferably 5min；
Preventing and treating for the assorted algae of growing nonparasitically upon another plant property: mainly prevent and treat waterside liverwort chlorella during April～water temperature rising in July, mainly preventing and treating multitube algae during JIUYUE～water temperature drop in November: to the process of assorted algae for being made directly manual excision, or Seedling rope is taken bank, 8mmol/L sodium hypochlorite is used to soak, the process time is 15～18min, then wash drug residue, put back to pond.
During the cultivation of described Thallus Gracilariae, when every Seedling Thallus Gracilariae fresh weight reaches 4～6kg, the Thallus Gracilariae of results 1/2～3/4 weight, remainder continued growth.
Below in conjunction with embodiment, Thallus Gracilariae pond breeding method provided by the invention is described in detail, but they can not be interpreted as the restriction to the application protection domain.
Embodiment 1
1, pond culture environment
Laizhou, Shandong holothurian cultivation pond, pond area 800 square metres, mean depth 3 meters, bottom material of pond for breeding is smooth silt, average transparency 50cm.Inlet channel UNICOM surrounding waters, along with within continuous 4 days, importing new sea water, the fresh free from extraneous odour of sea water during spring tide.Drainage pipeline is opened in water inlet simultaneously, gets rid of stale sea water in time, cultivates pond seawater salinity in season and is maintained at 28 ‰～32 ‰.This pond is because holothruian cultures density is relatively big, and the Excreta of Stichopus japonicus causes that the water colour in pond is relatively deep, and pond exists the phenomenon of eutrophication.
2, plant vegetables selection: rotten, color is purplish red, assorted algae is few Thallus Gracilariae good from growth selection from the Thallus Gracilariae that sea area, Rongcheng cultivates on April 10, anosis is as kind of an algae, and planting algae length is 25cm.Transportation keep transport temperature less than 25 DEG C, sea water of simultaneously splashing, make Thallus Gracilariae keep moistening.
3, culture raft frame material and setting
3.1 materials
As it is shown in figure 1, the Masson Pine that piling material therefor is diameter 10cm, long 1.2m.Cable material used is the chemical fibre such as polyethylene, polypropylene, and diameter is 1.5cm.Regulating the plastic floating ball that ball float is diameter 30cm, about weight 1.6kg, buoyancy 12.5kg used by the degree of depth, lie on hawser with the polyethylene rope of diameter 0.2mm, length 1.5m, to folded use.The material of folder Seedling Seedling rope is 300 polyethylene ropes, and length is 3m.
3.2 raft framves are arranged
Single long 50m of raft, raft is to enter drainage direction parallel, and line-spacing 4.5m, often the single raft of row hangs 40 Seedling ropes, raft spacing 2.5m, altogether cultivation 3 row.Cultured area accounts for the pond gross area 1/2.
4, folder Seedling
4.1 Seedling ropes process
7d, new talent rope freshwater soaking 1d before folder Seedling, old Seedling rope 200mg/L bleaching powder is sterilized and flushes three times, and then uses freshwater soaking 1d.
4.2 folder Seedlings
Seedling rope is immersed in clean sea water, keeps moistening.Folder Seedling amount is every Seedling rope clamp 150g Thallus Gracilariae, bunch weight 10g, bunch spacing 8cm.Shading keeps moistening.Seedling rope two ends respectively reserve 20cm and are connected with hawser, put down and are hung on raft frame and cultivate.
5, form the time
Mature stage is in annual April to July, and JIUYUE is to November, and period pond water temperature is between 14 DEG C～22 DEG C.During cultivation, the frond depth adjustment from the water surface is between 30cm～60cm, and every day, pendulum washed frond once.Concrete regulating time is shown in table 1 below.
The table 1 Thallus Gracilariae pond in North China cultivation depth of water regulates
| Time | April～May | June～July | JIUYUE～October | November |
| Regulate the degree of depth | 40cm～60cm | 30cm～50cm | 30cm～40cm | 40～60cm |
6 disease controls
Finding that frond base portion and bifurcation have light yellow speckle or segment to save in vain in mid-June, and frond meristematic capacity declines, branch significantly reduces, and tip attenuates.Regulate water layer in time to 45cm, open whole gate, strengthen quantity of exchanged water.
Find algae gammarid (Amphithoejaponice) and skeleton shrimp (Caprellakroyeri) by the end of June, by Seedling rope with 2 ‰ sodium nitrate solution or after ammonium sulfate dips 10min, put back to pond.
The 6.3 assorted algaes of growing nonparasitically upon another plant property
May～July water temperature find waterside liverwort chlorella when rising, in time manual extract, and with 8mmol/L sodium hypochlorite process 15min, then put back to pond.
7 harvests with dry
When growing that every Seedling Thallus Gracilariae fresh weight reaches about 4kg one month, 2/3 can be gathered in the crops, remainder can continued growth, gather in the crops Thallus Gracilariae again according to growing state.Select fine day morning, the Thallus Gracilariae of results is dried, when drying, choose foreign material as far as possible, clean silt, packed preservation.
8 gains
Grow Thallus Gracilariae and detect water quality the harvest time after one month, it has been found that with do not cultivate before than, ammonia nitrogen concentration drops to 0.38mg/L from 1.3mg/L, and nitrate nitrogen concentration drops to 0.3mg/L from 0.4mg/L, and ecological environment is obviously improved.Thallus Gracilariae weight gain 20 times, and it was found that Stichopus japonicus happiness is perched on Thallus Gracilariae.
Embodiment 2
1, pond culture environment
The fish culture pond of Rushan, Shandong Province, pond area 1800 square metres, mean depth 2.5 meters, bottom material of pond for breeding is smooth silt, and clay content is higher.Water inlet and drainage pipeline UNICOM surrounding waters, the fresh free from extraneous odour of sea water.Cultivate pond seawater salinity in season and be maintained at 28 ‰～30 ‰.This pond Fish cultivation density is relatively low, but because there being wastewater of industrial cultivation to enter, its transparency change is less, and pond exists the phenomenon of eutrophication.
2, plant vegetables selection: rotten, color is purplish red, assorted algae is few Thallus Gracilariae good from growth selection from the Thallus Gracilariae that sea area, Rongcheng cultivates on April 20, anosis, as kind of an algae, plants algae length at about 25cm.Transportation keep transport temperature less than 25 DEG C, sea water of simultaneously splashing, make Thallus Gracilariae keep moistening.
3, culture raft frame material and setting
3.1 materials
Piling material therefor is the Masson Pine of diameter 15cm, long 1.5m.Cable material used is the chemical fibre such as polyethylene, polypropylene, and diameter is 2cm.Regulating the plastic floating ball that ball float is diameter 40cm, about weight 1.8kg, buoyancy 15kg used by the degree of depth, lie on hawser with the polyethylene rope of diameter 0.2mm, length 2m, to folded use.The material of folder Seedling Seedling rope is 300 polyethylene ropes, and length is 5m.
3.2 raft framves are arranged
Single long 40m of raft, raft is to enter drainage direction parallel, and line-spacing 2.5m, often the single raft of row hangs 35 Seedling ropes, raft spacing 1.5m, altogether cultivation 6 row.Cultured area accounts for the pond gross area 1/2.
4, folder Seedling
4.1 Seedling ropes process
7d, new talent rope freshwater soaking 2d before folder Seedling, old Seedling rope 200mg/L bleaching powder is sterilized and flushes three times, and then uses freshwater soaking 2d.
4.2 folder Seedlings
Seedling rope is immersed in clean sea water, keeps moistening.Folder Seedling amount is every Seedling rope clamp 250g Thallus Gracilariae, bunch weight 15g, bunch spacing 10cm.Shading keeps moistening.Seedling rope two ends respectively reserve 25cm and are connected with hawser, put down and are hung on raft frame and cultivate.
5, form the time
Mature stage is in annual April to July, and JIUYUE is to November, and period pond water temperature is between 16 DEG C～25 DEG C.During cultivation, the frond depth adjustment from the water surface is between 35cm～55cm, and every day, pendulum washed frond once.Concrete regulating time is shown in table 1 below.
The table 1 Thallus Gracilariae pond in North China cultivation depth of water regulates
| Time | April～May | June～July | JIUYUE～October | November |
| Regulate the degree of depth | 40cm～50cm | 35cm～45cm | 30cm～40cm | 45～55cm |
6 disease controls
Find algae gammarid (Amphithoejaponice) and skeleton shrimp (Caprellakroyeri) by the end of June, by Seedling rope with 5 ‰ sodium nitrate solution or after ammonium sulfate dips 5min, put back to pond.
The 6.3 assorted algaes of growing nonparasitically upon another plant property
May～July water temperature find bristle algae chlorella when rising, in time manual extract, and with 8mmol/L sodium hypochlorite process 18min, then put back to pond.
7 harvests with dry
When growing that every Seedling Thallus Gracilariae fresh weight reaches about 4.2kg one month, 2/3 can be gathered in the crops, remainder can continued growth, gather in the crops Thallus Gracilariae again according to growing state.Select fine day morning, the Thallus Gracilariae of results is dried, when drying, choose foreign material as far as possible, clean silt, packed preservation.
8 gains
Grow Thallus Gracilariae and detect water quality the harvest time after one month, it has been found that with do not cultivate before than, ammonia nitrogen concentration drops to 0.5mg/L from 0.8mg/L, and nitrate nitrogen concentration drops to 0.2mg/L from 0.3mg/L, and ecological environment is obviously improved.Thallus Gracilariae weight gain 21 times.
The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention; it should be pointed out that, for those skilled in the art, under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention; can also making some improvements and modifications, these improvements and modifications also should be regarded as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a pond breeding method for Thallus Gracilariae, comprises the following steps:
The substrate in pond is selected, culvert system is set, pond is introduced directly into sea water；
Pond arranges culture raft frame, described culturing raft list raft length is 30～50m, raft is to enter drainage direction parallel, culturing raft includes hawser, Seedling rope and ball float, described ball float and Seedling rope lie on hawser, in described culturing raft, hawser line-spacing is 2.5～4.5m, and often 30～40 Seedling ropes hung by the single raft of row, and raft spacing is 1～4m；
Thallus Gracilariae kind algae carries out folder Seedling process；
During cultivation, the frond depth adjustment from the water surface is between 20～70cm, and pendulum washes frond；
When every Seedling Thallus Gracilariae fresh weight reaches 4～6kg, the Thallus Gracilariae of results 1/2～3/4 weight, remainder continued growth.
2. the pond breeding method of Thallus Gracilariae according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described substrate is silt substrate；
In described pond, the depth of water is more than 2m, and transparency is more than 25cm.
3. the pond breeding method of Thallus Gracilariae according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described culvert system includes water inlet pipe and drain pipe, described water inlet pipe UNICOM surrounding waters, importing new sea water in described pond, in described importing pond, the salinity of sea water is 25～32 ‰.
4. the pond breeding method of Thallus Gracilariae according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in described culturing raft, the material of hawser is polyethylene or polypropylene, cable diameter is 1.5～2cm；
The material of described ball float is plastics, and the diameter of described ball float is 20～40cm, and the weight of described ball float is 1.2～1.5kg, and the buoyancy of described ball float is 10～15kg；
The material of described Seedling rope is 300 polyethylene ropes, and Seedling rope length is 3～5m.
5. the pond breeding method of Thallus Gracilariae according to claim 1, it is characterised in that before described folder Seedling, Seedling rope is handled as follows:
When described Seedling rope is for using first, 7d before folder Seedling, with freshwater soaking 1～2d；
When described Seedling rope is for reusing, 7d before folder Seedling, successively with 200～500mg/L bleaching powder soaking disinfection, then use fresh water flush three times, then with freshwater soaking 1～2d.
6. the pond breeding method of Thallus Gracilariae according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described Seedling rope two ends respectively reserve 20～25cm and are connected with hawser, puts down and is hung on raft frame；
The folder Seedling amount of described folder Seedling is every meter of Seedling rope clamp 150～200g Thallus Gracilariae, bunch weight 10～12g, and bunch spacing 5～10cm is clipped in the middle part of Seedling, shading.
7. the pond breeding method of Thallus Gracilariae according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the length of described kind of algae is 20～30cm.
8. the pond breeding method of Thallus Gracilariae according to claim 1, it is characterised in that be annual April to July and/or JIUYUE during described cultivation to November；
Thermophilic during cultivation is 12～26 DEG C.
9. the pond breeding method of Thallus Gracilariae according to claim 1, it is characterised in that during described cultivation, the frond depth adjustment range from the water surface is: 20-70cm, according to different culturing times, 4～May, the adjustment degree of depth is 40～70cm；In 6～July, the adjustment degree of depth is 40cm；In 9～October, the adjustment degree of depth is 20～40cm；In November, the adjustment degree of depth is 40～70cm.
10. the pond breeding method of Thallus Gracilariae according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described breeding process carries out the preventing and treating of disease, the prevention and controls of described disease is:
Preventing and treating for white rotten disease: select healthy Thallus Gracilariae kind algae, carry out the adjustment of water layer, carry out changing water；
Preventing and treating for harmful animal algae gammarid and skeleton shrimp: sodium nitrate solution with 2～5 ‰ or ammonium sulfate put back to pond after dipping Seedling rope 5～15min；
Preventing and treating for the assorted algae of growing nonparasitically upon another plant property: mainly prevent and treat waterside liverwort chlorella during April～water temperature rising in July, mainly preventing and treating multitube algae during JIUYUE～water temperature drop in November: to the process of assorted algae for being made directly manual excision, or Seedling rope is taken bank, 8mmol/L sodium hypochlorite is used to soak, the process time is 15～18min, then wash drug residue, put back to pond.
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| CN109275560B (en) * | 2018-12-04 | 2021-02-12 | 中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所 | System and method for researching long-term acidification adaptability of large marine algae |
| CN110933969A (en) * | 2019-11-08 | 2020-03-31 | 广西南亚热带农业科学研究所 | Method for improving germination rate of litsea cubeba seeds |
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| CN113197086A (en) * | 2021-04-15 | 2021-08-03 | 中国科学院海洋研究所 | Gracilaria lemaneiformis cultivation method capable of avoiding cultivation diseases and preferably selecting low-temperature-resistant seedlings |
| CN113197086B (en) * | 2021-04-15 | 2022-09-23 | 中国科学院海洋研究所 | Gracilaria lemaneiformis cultivation method capable of avoiding cultivation diseases and preferably selecting low-temperature-resistant seedlings |
| CN113728956A (en) * | 2021-09-30 | 2021-12-03 | 山东省海洋科学研究院(青岛国家海洋科学研究中心) | Comprehensive aquaculture net cage for hexagrammos otakii and aquaculture method |
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