CN105746291A - X-shaped cultivation technology for peach trees - Google Patents

X-shaped cultivation technology for peach trees Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105746291A
CN105746291A CN201610271560.XA CN201610271560A CN105746291A CN 105746291 A CN105746291 A CN 105746291A CN 201610271560 A CN201610271560 A CN 201610271560A CN 105746291 A CN105746291 A CN 105746291A
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Prior art keywords
seedlings
fructus persicae
peach
major
branch
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CN201610271560.XA
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CN105746291B (en
Inventor
张金云
潘海发
齐永杰
秦改花
高正辉
伊兴凯
陈争峰
雷波
陈加红
陈红莉
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Institute of Gardening of Anhui Academy Agricultural Sciences
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Institute of Gardening of Anhui Academy Agricultural Sciences
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G17/00Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
    • A01G17/005Cultivation methods
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G7/00Botany in general
    • A01G7/06Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Ecology (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
  • Transplanting Machines (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses an X-shaped cultivation technology for peach trees.The technology comprises the sequential steps of 1, preparation before plantation; 2, plantation, wherein first-class peach seedlings are selected, every two peach seedlings are made to close to each other and planted together in an intersecting mode, the intersecting point of the two peach seedlings is 40 cm away from the ground, the included angle of the two peach seedlings in the horizontal direction is 60 degrees, the two peach seedlings extend toward the space between lines at the two sides respectively in the direction perpendicular to the row direction, and the two peach seedlings which are made to be close to each other and planted together in an intersecting mode are considered as one plant in production; 3, trimming, wherein after X-shaped filed planting is completed, trunk cutting is conducted at the plumpy and full positions of buds of corresponding two peach seedlings, the upper ends of trunks of the corresponding two peach seedlings are considered as two main branches in production, the two main branches are equal to two main branches of the X-shaped tree form, and one-time formation is achieved after filed planting is conducted.According to the X-shaped cultivation technology for the peach trees, X-shaped cultivation is adopted, young shoots directly emerging out of the tops of the trunks of the corresponding two peach seedlings extend homotaxially, serve as the main branches, continue to grow upward separately, do not influence each other and grow in a balanced mode, fruit growers can operate easily, labor is saved, the angles of the trunks, namely the main branches, of the corresponding two seedlings are directly regulated artificially in the plantation process, simpleness and accuracy are achieved, the tree form is formed half a year in advance at a minimum, compressive resistance is improved, and the main branches are not fractured easily.

Description

A kind of peach tree X-shaped cultivation technique
Technical field:
The invention belongs to pomology, fruit tree field of ecology, relate in particular to a kind of peach tree X-shaped cultivation technique.
Background technology:
In recent years, Fructus Persicae cultivation expert constantly bring forth new ideas in tree-like and pruning, and the tree-like barrier of natural open centre shape broken traditions is taked trunk shape and " Y " font, production is made that major contribution;Such as according to " peach tree " Y-shaped " major branch of a kind of simplicity is tied up and held up shaping methods ", saving labor, high quality fruit rate is high;
Along with tree-like the popularizing of peach tree " Y " word, there is heavier region at some pest and disease damages, gummosis, it is found by the applicant that increase once the tree big load of the body amount of bearing fruit, meet rainfall strong wind weather, major branch base portion frangibility;And peach tree be nature growth, it is impossible to neat and consistent as plant produced, in a piece of peach garden every strain peach tree grow branch be likely to all different, orchard worker tie up hold up two scaffold limbs time cumbersome.Described in patent of invention " peach tree " Y-shaped " major branch of a kind of simplicity is tied up and held up shaping methods ": take " to select and remain on trunk top straggly to giving birth to the strong tip stretched in the ranks as major branch, tie up respectively and hold up on the bamboo pole of both sides;If without stretching to young sprout in the ranks, then the strong tip of other direction of growth of selecting and remain, carry out turning round the tip to it so that it is stretch in the ranks to grow and tie up and hold up on corresponding bamboo pole, make young sprout grow along bamboo pole ... ".And a kind of tree-like cultivation technique of peach tree X-shaped that applicant proposes has had new progress, it is mainly reflected in its tree structure previous step to put in place, two major branch comprcssive strength increase considerably, tree-like in high-quality--on the basis of " peach tree " Y-shaped " major branch of a kind of simplicity is tied up and held up shaping methods " once more laborsaving, operation simpler, orchard worker is more easily accepted by, tree-like shaping faster, be more easy to the technological innovation of large scale application.
Summary of the invention:
The present invention is directed to the cultivating and growing demand of modern Fructus Persicae, it is proposed to a kind of tree-like cultivation technique of peach tree X-shaped.
The technical solution used in the present invention is as follows:
A kind of tree-like cultivation technique of peach tree X-shaped, sequentially includes the following steps: successively
(1) daily management:
Soil, fertilizer, water, flower and fruit management, and all this paper of daily management such as integrated pest prevention and control not mentioned to cultivation technique measure all regard as same Routine Management
(2) prepare before field planting:
Before field planting 1 month, first digging field planting ditch ridging, if clay loam hillside fields, the gradient in hillside fields is below 25 °, and can not adopt equal pitch contour method ridging, it should slightly tilt in angle, in order to when raining, rainwater can be drained in time;Row spacing is depending on line-spacing, it is desirable to ditch depth, lower width, upper width respectively 0.7m × 0.7m × 0.8m;The straw of the pulverizing that bottom of trench paving 20cm is thick or weeds, and execute a small amount of carbamide, to execute 5000kg decomposed manure, 100kg calcium superphosphate or farm manure, and backfill in ditch after the native mix homogeneously dug out for every mu, the native dish of new heap exceeds 10cm than ground, pours water heavy real
(3) field planting:
Selecting one-level Fructus Persicae Seedling, every two strain Fructus Persicae Seedlings draw close cross colonisation together, two Fructus Persicae Seedling intersection ground 40cm, and between two Fructus Persicae Seedlings, angle in the horizontal direction is 60 degree;Two strain Fructus Persicae Seedlings stretch to both sides in the ranks respectively, direction with row to vertical;Two strain Fructus Persicae Seedlings are drawn close during cross colonisation produces together and are regarded as a strain, and seeding row spacing is 1.5m~2m × 4.5m~5.5m, and north and south row is to being advisable
(4) shaping:
After field planting, in two strain Fructus Persicae Seedling sprout full substantial place cutting strunks, the upper end of two strain Fructus Persicae Seedling trunks is two major branches in production, it is equal to two major branches that Y-shaped is tree-like, once-forming after field planting, save artificial, artificial direct regulation and control angle during field planting, simple to operate precisely;
Often select good strains in the field for seed with the bamboo pole that two root length degree are 2.5~4m or other supporters after calmly doing, the length of the concrete supporter width according to line-spacing, two major branches are intended the length stayed and are determined, and insert the decision of the below ground degree of depth, general soil loosens needs the degree of depth of insertion below ground to grow, otherwise, clay loam is then shorter;Along two strain Fructus Persicae Seedling directions, and intersecting near Fructus Persicae Seedling trunk and insert soil, fixing solid, young sprout on later two major branches often grows 30cm and ties up and hold up once, remains major branch uniaxial extension, the control major branch direction of growth;Start at major branch distance ground level 50cm, one is stayed as small-sized fruit-bearing shoot cluster in major branch both sides every 15~20cm, and both sides Heterogeneous Permutation, unnecessary whole removes, if major branch extending head sends but without side shoot more than 30cm, can by major branch pinching, force sprouting side shoot, generally at least sprout 2-3 branch, then select the young sprout of a wherein stalwartness to continue as major branch extending head, the young sprout selecting a location-appropriate gives over to small-sized fruit-bearing shoot cluster, and all the other remove;
(5) prune:
The main Long pruning technology that adopts, and with double; two branch updating methods, the small-sized fruit-bearing shoot cluster making two major branches be all that Fin Mustetus manazo shape arranges constant every year, and the new life branch of excessive growth is removed in time or turns round tip control;Note, when exceeding major branch rugosity more than 1/3 in the presence of raw branch thick on two major branches, answer its growth of priority control, remove if desired, to the strong tree of growth potential should light pruning, allow its many results as far as possible.
Beneficial effects of the present invention is embodied in:
A kind of tree-like cultivation technique of peach tree X-shaped that the present invention adopts, every two strain Fructus Persicae Seedlings draw close cross colonisation together, and two Fructus Persicae Seedlings intersect at the trunk 40cm place apart from ground, and between two Fructus Persicae Seedlings, angle in the horizontal direction is 60 degree;Two strain Fructus Persicae Seedlings stretch to both sides in the ranks respectively, direction with row to vertical;Two strain Fructus Persicae Seedlings are drawn close during cross colonisation produces together and are regarded as a strain.The originally tree-like need of Y-shaped artificially cutting strunk after field planting, treat trunk re-emits young sprout, select two positions preferably young sprout as two major branches again from young sprout, and the overwhelming majority needs to tie up to hold up, draw branch to can be only achieved comparatively ideal angle requirement, and after X-shaped field planting, surely do at the two full substantial places of strain Fructus Persicae Seedling sprout, namely the upper end of two strain Fructus Persicae Seedling infalls is equal to two major branches that Y-shaped is tree-like, namely during field planting, two major branches are once-forming, save artificial, and artificial direct regulation and control major branch angle during field planting, simple to operate precisely;Two major branches that originally Y-shaped is tree-like need dislocation main purpose to be afraid of that two major branches are to life exactly, run into the big load of fruit yield too big or meet the more frangibility such as strong wind, and X-shaped two major branch is absent from dislocation, it it is the trunk branch uniaxial extension of two strain Fructus Persicae Seedlings, resistance to compression and strong wind ability are greatly increased, and are not easily broken;Though Y-shaped two major branch dislocation originally fractures in avoiding on degree less certain, but the distance of two major branches distance trunk respectively, root system is not etc., it is easily caused its growth potential unbalanced, still certain trouble is caused to the pruning of orchard worker, bad control two major branch uniform growth, and the upper end of two strain Fructus Persicae Seedlings of X-shaped each continues up growth, it is independent of each other, easy uniform growth;Two major branches that originally Y-shaped is tree-like are cutting strunks on a strain Fructus Persicae Seedling, the branch sent from trunk again after cutting strunk select wherein favorably situated 2 prosperous tips give over to two major branches, and take X-shaped, it is that the top young sprout uniaxial extension directly sent on Fructus Persicae Seedling trunk is as major branch, tree-like half a year at least in advance shapes, and adding compressive resistance, major branch is not easily broken.
Accompanying drawing illustrates:
Fig. 1 is present configuration schematic diagram;
Wherein: 1 is the angle between two Fructus Persicae Seedlings, and numerical value is 60 °;2 is two Fructus Persicae Seedling intersection ground 40cm,
Fig. 2 is peach tree overall alignment structural representation of the present invention.
Detailed description of the invention:
By embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail:
Embodiment 1
A kind of peach tree X-shaped cultivation technique of the present invention:
Field planting: soil improvement is good, after digging field planting ditch ridging, in field planting on March 10 after in spring, soil thaws, selection gardenful is red, the one-level Fructus Persicae Seedling of spring U.S. 2 Peach cultivars, every two strain Fructus Persicae Seedlings draw close cross colonisation together, two Fructus Persicae Seedling intersection ground 40cm, between two Fructus Persicae Seedlings, angle in the horizontal direction is 60 degree.Two strain Fructus Persicae Seedlings stretch to both sides in the ranks respectively, direction with row to vertical.Plantation density is seeding row spacing is 2m × 5m, north and south row to.
After field planting, in two strain Fructus Persicae Seedling sprout full substantial place cutting strunks, namely the upper end of two strain Fructus Persicae Seedlings is equal to two major branches that Y-shaped is tree-like, and often selecting good strains in the field for seed after cutting strunk with 2 root length degree is the bamboo pole of 4m, along two strain Fructus Persicae Seedling directions, and insert soil near intersecting, fixing solid, carry out tying up the young sprout held up on major branch for the first time in early June, the young sprout on later major branch often grows 30cm and ties up and hold up once, remain major branch uniaxial extension, control the major branch direction of growth.Period checks continually on, find that the major branch extending head of only a few plant sends but without side shoot more than 30cm, in time by major branch pinching, force sprouting side shoot, general at least sprouting 2-3 branch, the young sprout selecting a wherein stalwartness again continues as major branch extending head, selects the young sprout of a location-appropriate to give over to small-sized fruit-bearing shoot cluster, and all the other remove.
Other trim mode and daily management are with conventional.
Field planting Second Year, tree-like almost moulding is fully completed, and only a few plant does not reach desirable, continuing the shaping measure of last year, major part tree management is reasonable, branch space layout uniformity, two major branches stalwartness and space angle neat and consistent, set body ventilation and penetrating light, and every strain growth potential is unified, technology is easy, and everybody can operate, and time and labour saving is laborsaving, whole garden phase high unity, being very good-looking, average product reaches 2/strain, and high quality fruit rate reaches 70%;Field planting the 3rd year, average product reaches 25/strain, and high quality fruit rate reaches 75%;Field planting reaches the best fruiting period on the 4th year, and average product reaches 40/strain, and high quality fruit rate reaches 75%.It addition, test investigation in the peach garden of life in 6 years of the X-shaped of application tree-like 3000 mu the earliest inventor, none strain major branch fractures.Production practices prove, adopt X-shaped, it may be achieved premature labor, high yield, stable yields, and laborsaving, simple to operate, and orchard worker is more easily accepted by, appropriate criteria large-scale production, and promotion prospect is wide, and the cultivation that a kind of peach tree novel high-quality Labor-saving gently simplifies really is tree-like.
Above-described embodiment is only the preferably embodiment of the present invention, and in addition, the present invention can also have other implementations.It should be noted that under the premise without departing from present inventive concept, any conspicuously improved and modification all should fall within protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (1)

1. the tree-like cultivation technique of peach tree X-shaped, it is characterised in that: sequentially include the following steps: successively
(1) daily management:
Soil, fertilizer, water, flower and fruit management, and all this paper of daily management such as integrated pest prevention and control not mentioned to cultivation technique measure all regard as same Routine Management;
(2) prepare before field planting:
Before field planting 1 month, first digging field planting ditch ridging, if clay loam hillside fields, the gradient in hillside fields is below 25 °, and can not adopt equal pitch contour method ridging, it should slightly tilt in angle, in order to when raining, rainwater can be drained in time;Row spacing is depending on line-spacing, it is desirable to ditch depth, lower width, upper width respectively 0.7m × 0.7m × 0.8m;
The straw of the pulverizing that bottom of trench paving 20cm is thick or weeds, and execute a small amount of carbamide;
Executing 5000kg decomposed manure, 100kg calcium superphosphate or farm manure, and backfill in ditch after the native mix homogeneously dug out for every mu, the native dish of new heap exceeds 10cm than ground, pours water heavy real;
(3) field planting:
Selecting one-level Fructus Persicae Seedling, every two strain Fructus Persicae Seedlings draw close cross colonisation together, two Fructus Persicae Seedling intersection ground 40cm, and between two Fructus Persicae Seedlings, angle in the horizontal direction is 60 degree;Two strain Fructus Persicae Seedlings stretch to both sides in the ranks respectively, direction with row to vertical;Two strain Fructus Persicae Seedlings are drawn close during cross colonisation produces together and are regarded as a strain, and seeding row spacing is 1.5m~2m × 4.5m~5.5m, and north and south row is to being advisable
(4) shaping:
After field planting, in two strain Fructus Persicae Seedling sprout full substantial place cutting strunks, the upper end of two strain Fructus Persicae Seedling trunks is two major branches in production, it is equal to two major branches that Y-shaped is tree-like, once-forming after field planting, save artificial, artificial direct regulation and control angle during field planting, simple to operate precisely;
Often select good strains in the field for seed with the bamboo pole that two root length degree are 2.5~4m or other supporters after calmly doing, the length of the concrete supporter width according to line-spacing, two major branches are intended the length stayed and are determined, and insert the decision of the below ground degree of depth, general soil loosens needs the degree of depth of insertion below ground to grow, otherwise, clay loam is then shorter;Along two strain Fructus Persicae Seedling directions, and insert soil near Fructus Persicae Seedling trunk intersection, fixing solid, the young sprout on two major branch tops of later Fructus Persicae often grows 30cm and ties up and hold up once, remain major branch uniaxial extension, control the major branch direction of growth, start at major branch distance ground level 50cm, one is stayed as small-sized fruit-bearing shoot cluster in major branch both sides every 15~20cm, and both sides Heterogeneous Permutation, unnecessary whole remove, if major branch extending head sends but without side shoot more than 30cm, can by major branch pinching, force sprouting side shoot, general at least sprouting 2-3 branch, the young sprout selecting a wherein stalwartness again continues as major branch extending head, the young sprout selecting a location-appropriate gives over to small-sized fruit-bearing shoot cluster, all the other remove
(5) prune:
The main Long pruning technology that adopts, and with double; two branch updating methods, the small-sized fruit-bearing shoot cluster making two major branches be all that Fin Mustetus manazo shape arranges constant every year, and the new life branch of excessive growth is removed in time or turns round tip control;Note, when exceeding major branch rugosity more than 1/3 in the presence of raw branch thick on two major branches, answer its growth of priority control, remove if desired, to the strong tree of growth potential should light pruning, allow its many results as far as possible.
CN201610271560.XA 2016-04-28 2016-04-28 A kind of peach X-shaped cultivation technique Expired - Fee Related CN105746291B (en)

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109452060A (en) * 2018-09-25 2019-03-12 成都本真农业有限责任公司 The suspension type long shoot fruit-bearing shoot cluster and cultural method that the double branches of one planting fruit-trees update
CN109496589A (en) * 2018-12-27 2019-03-22 中国农业科学院果树研究所 A kind of pears dense planting high photosynthetic efficiency is tree-like and its shaping and trimming method
CN111418426A (en) * 2020-04-04 2020-07-17 云南正果农业发展有限公司 Method suitable for labor-saving planting management of peach trees in Yunnan region

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103125334A (en) * 2013-01-17 2013-06-05 戴新华 Method for planting fruit trees which are connected piece by piece
MD20120055A2 (en) * 2012-06-20 2013-07-31 Inst Publica Inst Stiintifico Practic Horticultura Tehnologii Alimentare Process for the formation of peach trees grafted in the garden
CN104351005A (en) * 2014-11-27 2015-02-18 山东农业大学 Simple method of tying, supporting and shaping Y-shaped main branch of peach tree
CN104838936A (en) * 2015-04-10 2015-08-19 北京市农林科学院 Water-saving peach tree planting method
CN105165510A (en) * 2015-07-10 2015-12-23 江苏福泰农业科技有限公司 High quality and high yield high density cultivation method for peaches

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
MD20120055A2 (en) * 2012-06-20 2013-07-31 Inst Publica Inst Stiintifico Practic Horticultura Tehnologii Alimentare Process for the formation of peach trees grafted in the garden
CN103125334A (en) * 2013-01-17 2013-06-05 戴新华 Method for planting fruit trees which are connected piece by piece
CN104351005A (en) * 2014-11-27 2015-02-18 山东农业大学 Simple method of tying, supporting and shaping Y-shaped main branch of peach tree
CN104838936A (en) * 2015-04-10 2015-08-19 北京市农林科学院 Water-saving peach tree planting method
CN105165510A (en) * 2015-07-10 2015-12-23 江苏福泰农业科技有限公司 High quality and high yield high density cultivation method for peaches

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109452060A (en) * 2018-09-25 2019-03-12 成都本真农业有限责任公司 The suspension type long shoot fruit-bearing shoot cluster and cultural method that the double branches of one planting fruit-trees update
CN109452060B (en) * 2018-09-25 2021-05-04 成都本真农业有限责任公司 Suspension type long-branch fruiting branch group for updating double branches of fruit trees and culture method
CN109496589A (en) * 2018-12-27 2019-03-22 中国农业科学院果树研究所 A kind of pears dense planting high photosynthetic efficiency is tree-like and its shaping and trimming method
CN111418426A (en) * 2020-04-04 2020-07-17 云南正果农业发展有限公司 Method suitable for labor-saving planting management of peach trees in Yunnan region

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