CN105733766B - A kind of high-conductivity ER fluid and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

A kind of high-conductivity ER fluid and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN105733766B
CN105733766B CN201610068624.6A CN201610068624A CN105733766B CN 105733766 B CN105733766 B CN 105733766B CN 201610068624 A CN201610068624 A CN 201610068624A CN 105733766 B CN105733766 B CN 105733766B
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fluid
situ
fabricated
liquid metal
conductivity
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CN105733766A (en
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路金蓉
刘静
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Yunnan Kewei Liquid Metal Valley R&D Co Ltd
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Yunnan Kewei Liquid Metal Valley R&D Co Ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
    • C10M169/04—Mixtures of base-materials and additives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2201/04—Elements
    • C10M2201/05—Metals; Alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2201/06—Metal compounds
    • C10M2201/062—Oxides; Hydroxides; Carbonates or bicarbonates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2201/08—Inorganic acids or salts thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2201/10—Compounds containing silicon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2205/12—Oxidised hydrocarbons, i.e. oxidised subsequent to macromolecular formation
    • C10M2205/123—Oxidised hydrocarbons, i.e. oxidised subsequent to macromolecular formation used as base material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2205/16—Paraffin waxes; Petrolatum, e.g. slack wax
    • C10M2205/163—Paraffin waxes; Petrolatum, e.g. slack wax used as base material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2217/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2217/04—Macromolecular compounds from nitrogen-containing monomers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2217/045—Polyureas; Polyurethanes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2229/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2205/00, C10M2209/00, C10M2213/00, C10M2217/00, C10M2221/00 or C10M2225/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2229/04—Siloxanes with specific structure
    • C10M2229/041—Siloxanes with specific structure containing aliphatic substituents
    • C10M2229/0415—Siloxanes with specific structure containing aliphatic substituents used as base material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2229/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing atoms of elements not provided for in groups C10M2205/00, C10M2209/00, C10M2213/00, C10M2217/00, C10M2221/00 or C10M2225/00 as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2229/04—Siloxanes with specific structure
    • C10M2229/05—Siloxanes with specific structure containing atoms other than silicon, hydrogen, oxygen or carbon
    • C10M2229/051—Siloxanes with specific structure containing atoms other than silicon, hydrogen, oxygen or carbon containing halogen
    • C10M2229/0515—Siloxanes with specific structure containing atoms other than silicon, hydrogen, oxygen or carbon containing halogen used as base material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/04—Detergent property or dispersant property
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/60—Electro rheological properties
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/14—Electric or magnetic purposes
    • C10N2040/16—Dielectric; Insulating oil or insulators

Abstract

The present invention relates to ER fluid material technical fields more particularly to a kind of high-conductivity ER fluid and preparation method thereof.High-conductivity ER fluid of the invention is made after evenly mixing using the ER fluid of liquid metal and fabricated in situ as raw material, it is scattered in the ER fluid of fabricated in situ using the preferable mobility of liquid metal by liquid metal is evengranular, to improve the electrical conductance of ER fluid, but the liquid metal in the ER fluid due to synthesizing in situ still keeps its insulation characterisitic there is no effectively connection, the high-conductivity ER fluid being prepared is formed.High-conductivity ER fluid preparation method of the invention is simple, and material is easy to get extensively, applied relatively strong.

Description

A kind of high-conductivity ER fluid and preparation method thereof
Technical field
The present invention relates to ER fluid material technical field more particularly to a kind of high-conductivity ER fluid and its preparation sides Method.
Background technique
ER fluid (Electrorheological Fluids) abbreviation ER liquid or ER fluid, Jie low by high conductivity The high solid particle dispersions of electric constant are prepared in the low insulating liquid of dielectric constant, are a kind of suspension under usual state Liquid-solid conversion can occur under the action of electric field for liquid.When electric field strength is significantly less than some critical value, ER fluid is in Liquid；When electric field strength is much higher than this critical value, it reforms into solid-state；Near the critical value of electric field strength, it becomes There must be viscosity and become larger with the increase of electric field strength.Quality due to ER fluid with controlled change, yield stress, Elasticity modulus can generate variation according to the demand of user, thus by people's extensive concern.
Insulating liquid boiling point generally with higher in ER fluid, stability, corrosion resistance are good, usually have silicone oil, Edible oil, mineral oil.There are commonly inorganic material, high molecular material and compound ER materials for the material of solid particle.But current The solid particle dispersions of the middle addition of ER fluid are poor, poor with dielectric compatibility, and preparation process is complicated, therefore can not It is widely used in industrial production.
In order to overcome the above problem, the invention proposes a kind of high-conductivity ER fluids and preparation method thereof.
Summary of the invention
(1) technical problems to be solved
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a kind of high-conductivity ER fluid and preparation method thereof, preparation and At high-conductivity ER fluid electrical conductance with higher, while still keeping its insulation characterisitic, application is strong.
(2) technical solution
In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides a kind of high-conductivity ER fluids, with liquid metal and original position The ER fluid of synthesis is that raw material is made after evenly mixing.
It include 10~20 parts of liquid metal in raw material of the present invention, remaining is the ER fluid of fabricated in situ, In, it include 10~30 parts of solid particle in the ER fluid of the fabricated in situ.
Wherein, the ER fluid of the fabricated in situ refers to the ER fluid synthesized with in-situ synthesis.
It is right in order to ensure the high-conductivity ER fluid of the present invention prepared has good mobility and electric conductivity The material of liquid metal carries out preferably, and the liquid metal is preferably the elemental metals of gallium, the bianry alloy containing gallium and containing gallium One or more of ternary alloy three-partalloy.
The further preferred liquid metal is gallium indium bianry alloy, wherein the parts by weight content of gallium is 10~90 parts, Remaining is indium.
The further preferred liquid metal is gallium indium tin ternary alloy three-partalloy, wherein the parts by weight content of gallium is 50~80 parts, The parts by weight content of indium is 5~20 parts, remaining is tin.
In order to guarantee that basal liquid used in the preparation of ER fluid has good insulation preformance, high pressure resistant, low viscosity, in no electricity Has the characteristics that good fluidity under field action, basal liquid used in the preparation to the ER fluid of the fabricated in situ carries out excellent Choosing, the ER fluid of the preferably described fabricated in situ is the ER fluid directly synthesized in Silicon-oil-based, edible oil base or dormant oil base.
In order to ensure the fabricated in situ ER fluid is while conductive, retain its insulation characterisitic, preferably institute The ER fluid for stating fabricated in situ is oxidized paraffin wax, oxidation one or more of silicone oil or dimethicone, is preferably aoxidized Paraffin.
In order to guarantee the dielectric constant with higher, opposite of the solid particle in the fabricated in situ ER fluid and compared with It is highly polar, the material of the solid particle is carried out preferably, the preferably described solid particle is barium titanate particles, nanometer titanyl is micro- One or more of grain, titanium dioxide powder particle, anhydrous calcium titanate particle, silicon dioxide-aqueous polyurethane nano particle, Further preferably barium titanate particles.
As a preferred solution of the present invention, the high-conductivity ER fluid is with the change of the electric current of liquid metal and fabricated in situ Liquid is raw material, is made after evenly mixing；
Wherein, the raw material includes 15 parts of liquid metal, remaining is the ER fluid of fabricated in situ, the fabricated in situ ER fluid in include 20 parts of solid particle；
The liquid metal is gallium indium bianry alloy, wherein the parts by weight content of gallium is 70 parts, remaining is indium；
The ER fluid of the fabricated in situ is that barium titanate particles are mixed into oxidized paraffin wax, wherein barium titanate particles Parts by weight content is 20 parts.
Invention further provides the preparation methods of high-conductivity ER fluid as described above, comprising the following steps:
(1) ER fluid of fabricated in situ is prepared with conventional in situ synthetic method；
(2) liquid metal is prepared in conventional manner；
(3) liquid metal is uniformly mixed with the ER fluid of fabricated in situ to get.
(3) beneficial effect
Above-mentioned technical proposal of the invention has the advantages that high-conductivity ER fluid of the invention, with liquid gold Belonging to the ER fluid of fabricated in situ is that raw material is made after evenly mixing, using liquid metal preferable mobility that liquid is golden Metal particles are uniformly scattered in the ER fluid of fabricated in situ, to improve the electrical conductance of ER fluid, but due in original Position synthesis ER fluid in liquid metal there is no formed effectively connection, therefore the high-conductivity ER fluid being prepared according to So keep its insulation characterisitic.High-conductivity ER fluid preparation method of the invention is simple, and material is easy to get extensively, applied relatively strong.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the high-conductivity ER fluid structural schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention；
Wherein, 1, liquid metal；2, the insulating liquid in the ER fluid of fabricated in situ；3, solid particle.
Specific embodiment
Embodiments of the present invention are described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.Following embodiment is used for Illustrate the present invention, but cannot be used to limit the scope of the invention.
It is first as follows to the raw materials used Unify legislation of present embodiment to avoid repeating, not superfluous in specific embodiment It states: as shown in Figure 1, the high-conductivity ER fluid of the present embodiment is uniform as raw material using the ER fluid of liquid metal and fabricated in situ It is made after mixing；The preparation method of the high-conductivity ER fluid the following steps are included:
(1) ER fluid of fabricated in situ is prepared with conventional in situ synthetic method；
(2) liquid metal is prepared in conventional manner；
(3) liquid metal is uniformly mixed with the ER fluid of fabricated in situ to get.
Embodiment 1
In high-conductivity ER fluid described in the present embodiment, liquid metal content is mass fraction 10%, remaining is in situ The ER fluid of synthesis.
Wherein, the material of the liquid metal is gallium indium bianry alloy, and the content of gallium is mass fraction 90%, remaining is indium； The ER fluid of fabricated in situ is that titanium dioxide powder particle is mixed into dimethicone, wherein titanium dioxide powder particle Content is mass fraction 20%.
Embodiment 2
In high-conductivity ER fluid described in the present embodiment, liquid metal content is mass fraction 15%, remaining is in situ The ER fluid of synthesis.
Wherein, the material of the liquid metal is gallium indium bianry alloy, and the content of gallium is mass fraction 70%, remaining is indium； The ER fluid of fabricated in situ is that barium titanate particles are mixed into oxidized paraffin wax, and wherein the content of barium titanate particles is mass fraction 20%
Embodiment 3
In high-conductivity ER fluid described in the present embodiment, liquid metal content is mass fraction 20%, remaining is in situ The ER fluid of synthesis.
Wherein, the material of the liquid metal is gallium indium bianry alloy, and the content of gallium is mass fraction 10%, remaining is indium； The ER fluid of fabricated in situ is that a nanometer titanyl particle is mixed into dimethicone, and wherein the content of nanometer titanyl particle is matter Measure score 30%.
Embodiment 4
In high-conductivity ER fluid described in the present embodiment, liquid metal content is mass fraction 10%, remaining is in situ The ER fluid of synthesis.
Wherein, the material of the liquid metal is gallium indium tin ternary alloy three-partalloy, and the content of gallium is mass fraction 80%, the content of indium For mass fraction 5%, remaining is tin；The ER fluid of fabricated in situ is that silicon dioxide-aqueous poly- ammonia is mixed into fluorinated silicone oil Ester nano particle, wherein the content of silicon dioxide-aqueous polyurethane nano particle is mass fraction 10%.
Embodiment 5
In high-conductivity ER fluid described in the present embodiment, liquid metal content is mass fraction 20%, remaining is in situ The ER fluid of synthesis.
Wherein, the material of the liquid metal is gallium indium tin ternary alloy three-partalloy, and the content of gallium is mass fraction 50%, the content of indium For mass fraction 20%, remaining is tin；The ER fluid of fabricated in situ is that anhydrous calcium titanate particle is mixed into dimethicone, Wherein the content of anhydrous calcium titanate particle is mass fraction 30%.
Comparative example
The ER fluid of the present embodiment is ER fluid made of conventional in situ synthetic method, which is in methyl silicon Titanium dioxide granule is mixed into oil, wherein the content of barium titanate particles is mass fraction 20%.
Test example 1
With the items for the high-conductivity ER fluid that above-mentioned each each raw material as described in the examples is prepared after evenly mixing Characteristic is as shown in table 1.
Every characteristic of 1 high-conductivity ER fluid of table
As can be seen from Table 1, Examples 1 to 5 while having higher electric conductivity, is still kept compared with comparative example Its insulation characterisitic, and there is good anti-shearing stabilizing power in the electric field.
In conclusion the high-conductivity ER fluid, is uniformly mixed using the ER fluid of liquid metal and fabricated in situ as raw material It is made after conjunction, is become the evengranular electric current for being scattered in fabricated in situ of liquid metal using the preferable mobility of liquid metal In liquid, to improve the electrical conductance of ER fluid, but the liquid metal in the ER fluid due to synthesizing in situ is not Effectively connection is formed, therefore the high-conductivity ER fluid being prepared still keeps its insulation characterisitic.The high-conductivity ER fluid Preparation method it is simple, material is easy to get extensively, applied relatively strong.
The embodiment of the present invention is given for the purpose of illustration and description, and is not exhaustively or by this to send out It is bright to be limited to disclosed form.Many modifications and variations are obvious for the ordinary skill in the art.Choosing Selecting and describe embodiment is and to make those skilled in the art to more preferably illustrate the principle of the present invention and practical application It will be appreciated that the present invention is to design various embodiments suitable for specific applications with various modifications.

Claims (6)

1. a kind of high-conductivity ER fluid, which is characterized in that uniform as raw material using the ER fluid of liquid metal and fabricated in situ It is made after mixing, in the evengranular ER fluid for being scattered in the fabricated in situ of the liquid metal, and the liquid Without forming effectively connection in the ER fluid that metal synthesizes in situ；
Wherein, the liquid metal for being 10%~20% including mass fraction in the raw material, remaining becomes for the electric current of fabricated in situ Liquid includes the solid particle that mass fraction is 10%~30% in the ER fluid of the fabricated in situ；
The liquid metal is one or more of elemental metals, the bianry alloy containing gallium and the ternary alloy three-partalloy containing gallium of gallium；
The ER fluid of the fabricated in situ is the ER fluid directly synthesized in Silicon-oil-based, edible oil base or dormant oil base；
The solid particle is barium titanate particles, nanometer titanyl particle, anhydrous calcium titanate particle, silicon dioxide-aqueous polyurethane One or more of nano particle.
2. high-conductivity ER fluid according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the liquid metal is the conjunction of gallium indium binary Gold, wherein the mass fraction content of gallium is 10%~90%, remaining is indium.
3. high-conductivity ER fluid according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the liquid metal is the conjunction of gallium indium tin ternary Gold, wherein the mass fraction content of gallium is 50%~80%, and the mass fraction content of indium is 5%~20%, remaining is tin.
4. high-conductivity ER fluid according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the ER fluid of the fabricated in situ is oxygen Fossil waxes, oxidation one or more of silicone oil or dimethicone.
5. high-conductivity ER fluid according to claim 1-4, which is characterized in that liquid metal and fabricated in situ ER fluid be raw material be made after evenly mixing；
Wherein, the raw material includes the liquid metal that mass fraction is 15%, remaining is the ER fluid of fabricated in situ, the original It include the solid particle that mass fraction is 20% in the ER fluid of position synthesis；
The liquid metal is gallium indium bianry alloy, wherein the mass fraction content of gallium is 70%, remaining is indium；
The ER fluid of the fabricated in situ is that barium titanate particles are mixed into oxidized paraffin wax, wherein the quality of barium titanate particles Fractional content is 20%.
6. the preparation method of high-conductivity ER fluid described in claim any one of 1-5, which is characterized in that including following step It is rapid:
(1) ER fluid of fabricated in situ is prepared with conventional in situ synthetic method；
(2) liquid metal is prepared in conventional manner；
(3) liquid metal is uniformly mixed with the ER fluid of fabricated in situ to get.
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CN108766613A (en) * 2018-05-15 2018-11-06 清华大学 A kind of multi-functional compound fluid based on liquid metal
EP3810737B1 (en) * 2018-07-19 2023-08-23 Sun Yat-Sen University Electrorheological fluid
CN109054944B (en) * 2018-07-19 2021-05-11 中山大学 Electrorheological fluid with embedded conductor and preparation method thereof

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CN104124031A (en) * 2013-04-28 2014-10-29 中国科学院理化技术研究所 Magnetic nanometer-sized metal fluid and preparation method thereof
CN104130838A (en) * 2014-07-04 2014-11-05 中国兵器科学研究院宁波分院 Complex formulation electrorheological fluid and preparation method thereof

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CN104124031A (en) * 2013-04-28 2014-10-29 中国科学院理化技术研究所 Magnetic nanometer-sized metal fluid and preparation method thereof
CN103952210A (en) * 2014-05-13 2014-07-30 中国科学院宁波材料技术与工程研究所 Method for preventing volatilization of electrorheological fluid dispersion medium
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