CN105727036A - 一种用于防治鸡马立克氏病的中药组合物及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种用于防治鸡马立克氏病的中药组合物及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种用于防治鸡马立克氏病的中药组合物及其制备方法,其中药组合物包括以下原料药材:地梢瓜、斑蝥、扛板归、常山、紫金牛、石花菜、槐耳、一扫光、天罗水、马鞭草、钓鱼竿、乔木紫珠、万年松、天生草、土箭芪、鹿仙草、钉头果、黄精、橡木皮、刺梨、五倍子、玉竹、白茅根、乌梅、血参、酸藤果和三七。本发明的有益效果是:本发明的中药组合物治疗鸡马立克氏病,加强鸡脏腑正常功能的运行,疗程短、见效快、***低,纯天然无污染。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及中兽药技术领域,特别涉及一种用于防治鸡马立克氏病的中药组合物及其制备方法。
背景技术
鸡马立克氏病病原为马立克氏病病毒(MDV)属疱疹病毒科,不同品种或品系的鸡均能感染此病。又名神经淋巴瘤病,是鸡的一种淋巴组织增生性疾病,以对外周神经、性腺、虹膜、各种内脏器官、肌肉和皮肤的单个或多个组织器官发生单核细胞浸润为特征。本病是由细胞结合性疱疹病毒引起的传染性肿瘤病,导致上述各器官和组织形成肿瘤。病鸡常见消瘦、肢体麻痹,并常有急性死亡。在病原学上可以与鸡的其他淋巴样肿瘤病相区别。MD首先由匈牙利马立克(Marek)氏于1907年报导,自Biggs氏于1961年建议用马立克氏的名字命名以后,世界各国养禽业都存在MD。中国于70年代也证明了MD在养禽业中流行。
该病发病率高,严重时死亡率可达80%以上。病毒在环境中的特点:完整病毒的抵抗力较强,在粪便和垫料中的病毒,室温下可存活4~6个月之久。细胞结合病毒在4℃可存活2周,在37℃存活18h,在50℃存活30min,60℃只能存活1min。感染马立克的病鸡,大部分为终生带毒,病毒不断从脱落的羽毛囊皮屑中排出有传染性的马立克病毒,这就是马立克的传播难于控制的带有根本性的原因。
马立克氏病的治疗。提前预防是治疗的关键,接种疫苗是预防的有效措施,目前国内使用的疫苗有多种,主要是进口疫苗和国内生产的疫苗,这些疫苗均不能抗感染,但可防止发病。但由于各种原因,很多鸡接种疫苗失败,这种失败只有在鸡感染发病才发现。
鸡马立克氏病分以下几种类型:
1、神经型:由毒力较弱的毒株侵害外周神经,主要为坐骨神经发生病变。臂神经受侵害时病鸡表现为受害一侧的翅下垂,坐骨神经受侵害时则引起腿麻痹,常表现一侧较重一侧较轻。发生不完全麻痹时,病鸡步态不稳,至完全麻痹时,病鸡因不能站立而蹲伏,出现一只腿向前伸,另一只腿向后伸的特征性姿势。在单侧性麻痹时,以手触诊可以感觉到麻痹腿的温度要低于另一侧腿;支配颈肌的神经受到侵害时,表现为低头甚至歪颈。植物神经受侵害时,可引起嗉囊麻痹或扩张、呼吸困难、腹泻、消瘦、贫血等症状。神经型病程较长,病鸡终因采食困难,进而饥饿、消瘦,直至衰弱而死亡。
2、急性型(内脏型)。由强毒力的病毒引起,常侵害幼龄鸡,死亡率高。流行开始时以大批病鸡精神委顿为特征。经数天后,部分病鸡共济失调,蹲卧,接着出现腿或翅一侧性或两侧性轻瘫或麻痹。有的病鸡没有明显的症状表现就死亡。某些在内脏器官发生较大肿瘤的病鸡,通过腹部触诊可以发现腹腔明显增大。
3、眼型。病毒主要侵害虹膜,1只眼或2只眼同时发病,轻者对光反应迟钝,重者失明。虹膜正常色素消失,呈混浊的淡灰色,俗称“灰眼”或“银眼”。瞳孔边缘不整齐,严重时整个瞳孔只留下一个针尖大的小孔。有的可在眼部形成肿瘤。但这种情况一般发生在6月龄以上的火鸡,特别是1年以上的老鸡中。
4、皮肤型。该类型比较少见,特点是皮肤毛囊形成小结节或瘤状物,这是由于淋巴细胞性肿瘤增生所致。
现阶段的治疗手段仅为疫苗接种和加强饲养管理,治疗手段单一且有免疫失败的隐患,所以通过对传统中药进行合理筛选和组方,用于治疗鸡马立克氏病具有非常重要的生产实践意义。
西医在治疗马立克氏病方面多为抗病毒药,可供选择的药物种类有限,治疗方案局限,临床效果不甚明显。并且,长期应用药物残留量较高,消费者食用此类鸡对其机体免疫力可产生不利影响等。
但是,中医药具有西医所不可及的优势特点。采用传统中医理论为指导,以整体观为基础,根据不同的临床症状采用“异病同治”、“同病异治”的原则,进行辨证论治,治愈率高,无污染,中药治疗疗效确实、不易产生抗药性、廉价、不易复发、副作用少、畜产品药物残留量低、有利于人畜安全等优点。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是在于提供一种用于防治鸡马立克氏病的中药组合物,采用这种中药组合物能够克服现有技术中西药和中药的缺陷,治疗鸡马立克氏病,加强鸡脏腑正常功能的运行,疗程短、见效快、***低,纯天然无污染。
为了实现上述发明目的,本发明提供了一种用于防治鸡马立克氏病的中药组合物,所述中药组合物包括以下原料药材:地梢瓜、斑蝥、扛板归、常山、紫金牛、石花菜、槐耳、一扫光、天罗水、马鞭草、钓鱼竿、乔木紫珠、万年松、天生草、土箭芪、鹿仙草、钉头果、黄精、橡木皮、刺梨、五倍子、玉竹、白茅根、乌梅、血参、酸藤果和三七。
所述中药组合物中各原料药材的重量份数为:地梢瓜22-32重量份、斑蝥0.2-0.5重量份、扛板归10-16重量份、常山1-3重量份、紫金牛12-20重量份、石花菜11-23重量份、槐耳22-26重量份、一扫光10-20重量份、天罗水7-14重量份、马鞭草8-17重量份、钓鱼竿13-24重量份、乔木紫珠15-24重量份、万年松13-25重量份、天生草6-13重量份、土箭芪12-26重量份、鹿仙草16-24重量份、钉头果4-11重量份、黄精18-28重量份、橡木皮12-16重量份、刺梨15-25重量份、五倍子20-30重量份、玉竹8-19重量份、白茅根21-37重量份、乌梅7-19重量份、血参14-31重量份、酸藤果15-28重量份和三七28-39重量份。
所述中药组合物中各原料药材的重量份数为:地梢瓜28重量份、斑蝥0.2重量份、扛板归16重量份、常山3重量份、紫金牛20重量份、石花菜11重量份、槐耳24重量份、一扫光15重量份、天罗水7重量份、马鞭草8重量份、钓鱼竿19重量份、乔木紫珠21重量份、万年松25重量份、天生草13重量份、土箭芪12重量份、鹿仙草20重量份、钉头果7重量份、黄精28重量份、橡木皮12重量份、刺梨21重量份、五倍子23重量份、玉竹8重量份、白茅根37重量份、乌梅19重量份、血参14重量份、酸藤果23重量份和三七28重量份。
所述中药组合物中各原料药材的重量份数为:地梢瓜22重量份、斑蝥0.5重量份、扛板归13重量份、常山2重量份、紫金牛15重量份、石花菜23重量份、槐耳26重量份、一扫光10重量份、天罗水9重量份、马鞭草12重量份、钓鱼竿24重量份、乔木紫珠15重量份、万年松21重量份、天生草6重量份、土箭芪18重量份、鹿仙草16重量份、钉头果11重量份、黄精22重量份、橡木皮16重量份、刺梨15重量份、五倍子30重量份、玉竹19重量份、白茅根21重量份、乌梅13重量份、血参26重量份、酸藤果15重量份和三七39重量份。
所述中药组合物中各原料药材的重量份数为:地梢瓜32重量份、斑蝥0.3重量份、扛板归10重量份、常山1重量份、紫金牛12重量份、石花菜18重量份、槐耳22重量份、一扫光20重量份、天罗水14重量份、马鞭草17重量份、钓鱼竿13重量份、乔木紫珠24重量份、万年松13重量份、天生草9重量份、土箭芪26重量份、鹿仙草24重量份、钉头果4重量份、黄精18重量份、橡木皮14重量份、刺梨25重量份、五倍子20重量份、玉竹17重量份、白茅根32重量份、乌梅7重量份、血参31重量份、酸藤果28重量份和三七33重量份。
为了更好地实现发明目的,本发明还提供一种防治鸡马立克氏病的中药组合物的制备方法,当中药组合物的剂型为颗粒剂时,其制备方法包括以下步骤:
步骤一:按比例取斑蝥研末得斑蝥粉末,备用,按比例取剩余所述原料药材混合得混合物,加相对于混合物4~8倍的醇浓度为85%~95%的乙醇,加热至沸腾回流3~5小时,过滤,采用渗漉法以每分钟1~2ml的速度缓缓渗漉,收集渗漉液,随后在真空度0.06~0.09Mpa下减压浓缩至50~60℃时相对密度为1.04~1.10的膏体,喷雾干燥,喷雾干燥机的进风温度160~175℃、出风温度80~85℃,随后粉碎成粉末,制成干膏粉,将斑蝥粉末与干膏粉混合均匀得混合物二;
步骤二:在获得的混合物二中加入相对于混合物二质量0.2~0.4倍的蔗糖粉和0.1~0.2倍的糊精,制成颗粒,于40~50℃干燥,获得颗粒剂。
当药物组合物的剂型为散剂,其制备方法包括以下步骤:
将各原料药按重量分数比混合碎成粗粉,再进一步粉碎,过50目筛,使能通过50目筛的细粉量在达到60%,收集通过50目筛的细粉得细粉a;再将不能通过50目筛的粗粉投入多功能提取罐提取两次,第一次加6倍量水煎煮1.5-2小时,第二次加5倍量水煎煮1-2.0小时,合并两次煎液,过滤得滤液;加热浓缩至糊状,放入烘箱95℃烘干后冷却,研磨成细粉b,将细粉a与b混合后制成散剂。
本发明实施例提供的技术方案带来的有益效果是:本发明的中药组合物治疗鸡马立克氏病,加强鸡脏腑正常功能的运行,疗程短、见效快、效果显著、治愈率高、无毒副作用,***低,纯天然无污染。
具体实施方式
一种用于防治鸡马立克氏病的中药组合物,中药组合物包括以下原料药材:地梢瓜、斑蝥、扛板归、常山、紫金牛、石花菜、槐耳、一扫光、天罗水、马鞭草、钓鱼竿、乔木紫珠、万年松、天生草、土箭芪、鹿仙草、钉头果、黄精、橡木皮、刺梨、五倍子、玉竹、白茅根、乌梅、血参、酸藤果和三七。
各原料药材的药理如下:
地梢瓜:地梢花(《苏南种子植物》),羊不奶棵、小丝瓜、浮瓢棵(《河南中草药手册》)。为萝藦种植物细叶白前的全草及果实。甘,平。归肺经。
补肺气,清热降火,生津止渴,消炎止痛。补肺气;清热降火;生津止渴;消炎止痛。主虚火上炎;咽喉疼痛;气阴不足;神疲健忘;虚烦口渴;头昏失眠;产后体虚;乳汁不足。
斑蝥:别名花斑蝥、花壳虫。本品为芫菁科昆虫南方大斑蝥或黄黑小斑蝥的干燥体。辛,热。归肝、胃、肾经。破血消癓,功毒蚀疮,引赤发泡。用于癓瘕肿块,积年顽癣,瘰疬,赘疣,痈疽不溃,恶疮死肌。
扛板归:别名犁头刺藤(《物理小识》),老虎利(《生草药性备要》),雷公藤(《救生苦海》),河白草、霹雳木、方胜板、倒金钩、烙铁草、倒挂紫金钩、犁尖草、括耙草、龙仙草、鱼尾花、三木棉(《纲目拾遗》)。为蓼科植物扛板归的全草。酸;苦;性平。归肺;小肠经。清热解毒;利湿消肿;散瘀止血。主疔疮痈肿;丹毒;瘫腮;乳腺炎;聤耳;喉蛾;感冒发热;肺热咳嗽;百日咳;瘰疬;痔疾;鱼口便毒;泻痢;黄疸;臌胀;水肿;淋浊;带下;疟疾;风火赤眼;跌打肿痛;吐血;便血;蛇虫咬伤。
常山:别名黄常山、鸡骨常山、鸡骨风、风骨木、白常山、大金刀、蜀漆[叶]。本品为虎耳草科植物常山的干燥根。苦、辛,寒。归肺、肝、心经。截疟,劫痰。用于疟疾。蜀漆功能主治与常山略同,但作用稍差。除痰,截疟;治疟疾,瘰疬。
紫金牛:别名矮地菜、矮茶风、矮脚樟、平地木、地青杠、四叶茶、五托香、火炭酸、老勿大、千年不大、千年矮、不出林。紫金牛科紫金牛属植物紫金牛以全株入药。四季可采,晒干。辛,平。止咳化痰,祛风解毒,活血止痛。用于支气管炎,大叶性肺炎,小儿肺炎,肺结核,肝炎,痢疾,急性肾炎,***,通经,跌打损伤,风湿筋骨痛;外用治皮肤搔痒,漆疮。镇咳,祛痰,活血,利尿,解毒。治慢性气管炎,肺结核咳嗽咯血,吐血,脱力劳伤,筋骨酸痛,肝炎,立即,急慢性肾炎,高血压,疝气,肿毒。
石花菜:别名琼枝、牛毛石花、石花草、冻菜、红丝、雪花菜、牛毛菜、洋菜、凤尾、石华、海菜、草珊瑚。。药材基源:为石花菜科植物石花菜、细毛石花菜、大石花菜等的藻体。甘;咸;寒;滑;无毒。归肝;肺经。清热解毒;化瘀散结;缓下;驱蛔。主肠炎腹泻;肾盂肾炎;瘿瘤;肿瘤;痔疮出血;慢性便秘;蛔早症。
槐耳:别名槐糯(《千金方》),槐菌(《唐本草》),槐鸡(《蜀本草》),槐鹅(《圣惠方》),槐蛾、赤鸡(《纲目》)。为寄生于槐树上的木耳。苦;辛;性平
归肝;脾;大肠经。止血;止痢;抗癌。主痔疮出血;便血;崩漏;痢疾;肝癌;肝炎。
一扫光:菊科千里光属植物双花千里光,以全草入药。秋季采集全草,切段晒干。苦,寒。清热解毒,祛风湿,止痒。用于急性结膜炎,疮疖,皮炎,跌打损伤。祛风除湿,清热解毒,止痒,治急性结膜炎,疮疖,皮炎,跌打损伤。
天罗水:别名丝瓜水。药材基源:为葫芦科植物丝瓜或粤丝瓜芭中的液汁。味甘;微苦;性微寒,清热解毒;止咳化痰。主肺痈;肺痿;咳喘;肺痨;夏令皮肤疮疹;痤疮;烫伤。
马鞭草:本品为马鞭草科植物马鞭草.的干燥地上部分。苦,凉。归肝、脾经。活血散瘀,截疟,解毒,利水消肿。用于症瘕积聚,经闭痛经,疟疾,喉痹,痈肿,水肿,热淋。清热解毒,活血散瘀,利水消肿。治外感发热,湿热黄疸,水肿,痢疾,疟疾,白喉,喉痹,淋病,经闭,症瘕,痈肿疮毒,牙疳。
钓鱼竿:别名见毒消。玄参科腹水草属植物长穗腹水草,腹水草或宽叶腹水草均以全草入药。微苦,凉。清热解毒,利水消肿,散瘀止痛。用于肺热咳嗽,肝炎,水肿;外用治跌打损伤,毒蛇咬伤,烧烫伤。清热,行水,消肿,解毒。治肺热咳嗽,水肿,淋病,目赤,跌打损伤,烫伤。
乔木紫珠:别名紫珠、大树紫珠、白叶子树。药材基源:为双子叶植物药马鞭草科植物南洋紫珠的根、叶。微苦涩;平。归肝经。收敛止血;清热解毒。主衄血;咯血;胃肠道出血;妇女崩漏;咽喉肿痛;外伤出血;烧伤。
万年松:为石松科植物万年松的全草。微辛;温。归肺经。透疹解毒;活络祛瘀。主跌打损伤;无名肿毒;麻疹不透
天生草:别名蛇咬药、漏芦、山韭菜、土漏芦、白千针万线草、大兰花参。药材基源:为百合科植物小鹭鸶草的根。味淡;性平。健脾消积;舒筋活络;解毒消肿。主小儿疳积;脾虚带下,湿痹酸痛;乳痈肿痛,毒蛇咬伤。
土箭芪:别名山皮条、矮它它、矮陀陀、一把香、黄狗头、藤构、构构麻、香构、香枸、一柱香、竹腊皮、铁扁担。为瑞香科植物一把香的根。甘淡,平。健脾,补虚.治脾虚胃弱,便溏,气虚肿经久不消。宽中理气;补脾益胃。主脘腹胀痛;食少便溏;虚肿不消。
鹿仙草:别名不上莲、通天蜡烛、石上莲、山菠萝。药材基源:为蛇菰科植物疏花蛇菰的全株。苦、涩,温。壮阳补肾,健脾理气,止血。用于阳痿,神经功能症,慢性肝炎,胃痛,消化道出血,月经过多。来源蛇菰科蛇菰属植物筒鞘蛇菰的全草。
钉头果:为萝科植物钉头果的地上部分。甘;平。归脾;胃经。健脾和胃;益肺。主小儿呕吐;泄泻;不思纳食;肺痨咳嗽。
黄精:别名老虎姜。本品为百合科植物滇黄精、黄精.或多花黄精的干燥根茎。甘,平。归脾、肺、肾经。补气养阴,健脾,润肺,益肾。用于脾胃虚弱,体倦乏力,口干食少,肺虚燥咳,精血不足,内热消渴。补中益气,润心肺,强筋骨。治虚损寒热,肺痨咳血,病后体虚食少,筋骨软弱,风湿疼痛,风癞癣疾。
橡木皮:别名栎木皮、栎树皮。药材基源:为壳斗科植物麻栎或辽东栎的根皮或树皮。苦;涩;性平。解毒利湿;涩肠止泻。主泄泻;痢疾;疮疡;瘰疬。
刺梨:别名茨梨(《分类草药性》),文先果(《四川中药志》),团糖二(《四川常用中草药》)。为蔷薇科植物刺梨的果实。甘;酸涩。归脾;肾;胃经。健胃;消食;止泻。主食积饱胀;肠炎腹泻。
五倍子:别名棓子、百药煎、百虫仓。本品为漆树科植物盐肤木、青麸杨或红麸杨、叶上的虫瘿,主要由五倍子蚜寄生而形成。酸、涩,寒。归肺、大肠、肾经。敛肺降火,涩肠止泻,敛汗止血,收湿敛疮。用于肺虚久咳,肺热痰嗽,久泻久痢,盗汗,消渴,便血痔血,外伤出血,痈肿疮毒,皮肤湿烂。
玉竹:别名萎蕤、玉参、尾参、铃当菜、小笔管菜、甜草根、靠山竹。本品为百合科植物玉竹的干燥根茎。甘,微寒。归肺、胃经。养阴润燥,生津止渴。用于肺胃阴伤,燥热咳嗽,咽干口渴,内热消渴。
白茅根:别名丝茅草、茅草、白茅草、茅草根。本品为禾本科植物白茅的干燥根茎。甘,寒。归肺、胃、膀胱经。凉血止血,清热利尿。用于血热吐血,衄血,尿血,热病烦渴,黄疸,水肿,热淋涩痛;急性肾炎水肿。
乌梅:别名酸梅、黄仔、合汉梅、干枝梅。本品为蔷薇科植物梅的干燥近成熟果实。酸、涩,平。归肝、脾、肺、大肠经。敛肺,涩肠,生津,安蛔。用于肺虚久咳,久痢滑肠,虚热消渴,蛔厥呕吐腹痛,胆道蛔虫症。
血参:菊科蟛蜞菊属植物麻叶蟛蜞菊以全草入药。甘,温。补血;活血;止痛。主贫血;产后大流血;子宫肌瘤;闭经;神经衰弱;风湿痹痛;跌打损伤。
酸藤果:别名酸蔃子(《南宁市药物志》),酸藤头(广州部队《常用中草药手册》)。为紫金牛科植物酸藤果的果实。酸甘,平。强壮补血。治胃酸缺乏,食欲不振。补血;收敛止血。主血虚;齿龈出血。
三七:甘、微苦,温。归肝、胃经。散瘀止血,消肿定痛。用于咯血,吐血,衄血,便血,崩漏,外伤出血,胸腹剌痛,跌扑肿痛。
以下采用实施例来详细说明本发明的实施方式,借此对本发明如何应用技术手段来解决技术问题,并达成技术效果的实现过程能充分理解并据以实施。
实施例1中药组合物1
本发明实施例提供了一种用于防治鸡马立克氏病的中药组合物,由以下重量份数的原料药材制成:取地梢瓜28g、斑蝥0.2g、扛板归16g、常山3g、紫金牛20g、石花菜11g、槐耳24g、一扫光15g、天罗水7g、马鞭草8g、钓鱼竿19g、乔木紫珠21g、万年松25g、天生草13g、土箭芪12g、鹿仙草20g、钉头果7g、黄精28g、橡木皮12g、刺梨21g、五倍子23g、玉竹8g、白茅根37g、乌梅19g、血参14g、酸藤果23g和三七28g。
中药组合物的剂型为颗粒剂时,其制备方法包括以下步骤:
步骤一:按比例取斑蝥研末得斑蝥粉末,备用,按比例取剩余所述原料药材混合得混合物,加相对于混合物5倍的醇浓度为95%的乙醇,加热至沸腾回流4小时,过滤,采用渗漉法以每分钟2ml的速度缓缓渗漉,收集渗漉液,随后在真空度0.09Mpa下减压浓缩至60℃时相对密度为1.10的膏体,喷雾干燥,喷雾干燥机的进风温度175℃、出风温度85℃,随后粉碎成粉末,制成干膏粉,将斑蝥粉末与干膏粉混合均匀得混合物二;
步骤二:在获得的混合物二中加入相对于混合物二质量0.3倍的蔗糖粉和0.2倍的糊精,制成颗粒,于50℃干燥,获得颗粒剂。
实施例2中药组合物2
本发明实施例提供了一种用于防治鸡马立克氏病的中药组合物,由以下重量份数的原料药材制成:取地梢瓜22g、斑蝥0.5g、扛板归13g、常山2g、紫金牛15g、石花菜23g、槐耳26g、一扫光10g、天罗水9g、马鞭草12g、钓鱼竿24g、乔木紫珠15g、万年松21g、天生草6g、土箭芪18g、鹿仙草16g、钉头果11g、黄精22g、橡木皮16g、刺梨15g、五倍子30g、玉竹19g、白茅根21g、乌梅13g、血参26g、酸藤果15g和三七39g。
中药组合物的剂型为散剂,其制备方法包括以下步骤:
将各原料药按重量分数比混合碎成粗粉,再进一步粉碎,过50目筛,使能通过50目筛的细粉量在达到60%,收集通过50目筛的细粉得细粉a;再将不能通过50目筛的粗粉投入多功能提取罐提取两次,第一次加6倍量水煎煮2小时,第二次加5倍量水煎煮2.0小时,合并两次煎液,过滤得滤液;加热浓缩至糊状,放入烘箱95℃烘干后冷却,研磨成细粉b,将细粉a与b混合后制成散剂。
实施例3中药组合物3
本发明实施例提供了一种用于防治鸡马立克氏病的中药组合物,由以下重量份数的原料药材制成:取地梢瓜32g、斑蝥0.3g、扛板归10g、常山1g、紫金牛12g、石花菜18g、槐耳22g、一扫光20g、天罗水14g、马鞭草17g、钓鱼竿13g、乔木紫珠24g、万年松13g、天生草9g、土箭芪26g、鹿仙草24g、钉头果4g、黄精18g、橡木皮14g、刺梨25g、五倍子20g、玉竹17g、白茅根32g、乌梅7g、血参31g、酸藤果28g和三七33g。
中药组合物的剂型为散剂,其制备方法包括以下步骤:
将各原料药按重量分数比混合碎成粗粉,再进一步粉碎,过50目筛,使能通过50目筛的细粉量在达到60%,收集通过50目筛的细粉得细粉a;再将不能通过50目筛的粗粉投入多功能提取罐提取两次,第一次加6倍量水煎煮1.5小时,第二次加5倍量水煎煮1小时,合并两次煎液,过滤得滤液;加热浓缩至糊状,放入烘箱95℃烘干后冷却,研磨成细粉b,将细粉a与b混合后制成散剂。
本发明的中药组合物的毒性试验
取地梢瓜28g、斑蝥0.2g、扛板归16g、常山3g、紫金牛20g、石花菜11g、槐耳24g、一扫光15g、天罗水7g、马鞭草8g、钓鱼竿19g、乔木紫珠21g、万年松25g、天生草13g、土箭芪12g、鹿仙草20g、钉头果7g、黄精28g、橡木皮12g、刺梨21g、五倍子23g、玉竹8g、白茅根37g、乌梅19g、血参14g、酸藤果23g和三七28g;混合均匀后,粉碎,向粉碎后的混合物中加1200g的水,煎煮2.5小时,过滤,滤渣中加入500g的水再次煎煮1.5小时,过滤,将两次滤液混合,减压浓缩至生药浓度为3g/ml的煎剂。
选用SD大鼠,给予不同浓度(18.0、6.0、2.0g生药/kg)的本发明的中药添加剂的汤剂,每天灌胃一次,连续90天,末次给药后24小时各组活杀1/2动物(雌雄各半),其余1/2动物继续观察2周后活杀。试验期间观察动物的外观、一般行为、摄食量、体重变化,给药后90天和停药2周进行血液学(RBC、HB、网织红细胞、PLT、CT、WBC及分类)和血液生化(AST、ALT、ALP、Glu、BUN、Crca、TP、T.BIL、ALB、CHOL)、尿液生化、脏器系数、病理组织学等指标检查。试验结果表明:本发明的中药添加剂在高、中、低剂量组动物一般状态良好,外观体征、行为活动、进食量和体重增长均无异常变化;三个剂量组及对照组血液学检查、血液生化学、尿液生化检查均在正常范围,组间无显著差异;各组主要脏器组织病理学检查未见明显异常。上述指标停药2周后也未见改变。本试验用药剂量分别为临床用药剂量的180、60、20倍,根据试验结果本发明的中药制剂在高、中、低三个剂量(18.0、6.0、2.0g生药/kg)连续90天给药对大鼠无明显影响,无明确的毒性靶器官和敏感指标,恢复期观察也未见延迟性毒性反应,提示本发明的中药制剂临床应用的剂量安全性较高。
本发明的中药组合物的毒性试验
取地梢瓜22g、斑蝥0.5g、扛板归13g、常山2g、紫金牛15g、石花菜23g、槐耳26g、一扫光10g、天罗水9g、马鞭草12g、钓鱼竿24g、乔木紫珠15g、万年松21g、天生草6g、土箭芪18g、鹿仙草16g、钉头果11g、黄精22g、橡木皮16g、刺梨15g、五倍子30g、玉竹19g、白茅根21g、乌梅13g、血参26g、酸藤果15g和三七39g;混合均匀后,粉碎,向粉碎后的混合物中加1200g的水,煎煮2.5小时,过滤,滤渣中加入500g的水再次煎煮1.5小时,过滤,将两次滤液混合,减压浓缩至生药浓度为3g/ml的煎剂。
选用SD大鼠,给予不同浓度(18.0、6.0、2.0g生药/kg)的本发明的中药添加剂的汤剂,每天灌胃一次,连续90天,末次给药后24小时各组活杀1/2动物(雌雄各半),其余1/2动物继续观察2周后活杀。试验期间观察动物的外观、一般行为、摄食量、体重变化,给药后90天和停药2周进行血液学(RBC、HB、网织红细胞、PLT、CT、WBC及分类)和血液生化(AST、ALT、ALP、Glu、BUN、Crca、TP、T.BIL、ALB、CHOL)、尿液生化、脏器系数、病理组织学等指标检查。试验结果表明:本发明的中药添加剂在高、中、低剂量组动物一般状态良好,外观体征、行为活动、进食量和体重增长均无异常变化;三个剂量组及对照组血液学检查、血液生化学、尿液生化检查均在正常范围,组间无显著差异;各组主要脏器组织病理学检查未见明显异常。上述指标停药2周后也未见改变。本试验用药剂量分别为临床用药剂量的180、60、20倍,根据试验结果本发明的中药制剂在高、中、低三个剂量(18.0、6.0、2.0g生药/kg)连续90天给药对大鼠无明显影响,无明确的毒性靶器官和敏感指标,恢复期观察也未见延迟性毒性反应,提示本发明的中药制剂临床应用的剂量安全性较高。
本发明的中药组合物的毒性试验
取地梢瓜32g、斑蝥0.3g、扛板归10g、常山1g、紫金牛12g、石花菜18g、槐耳22g、一扫光20g、天罗水14g、马鞭草17g、钓鱼竿13g、乔木紫珠24g、万年松13g、天生草9g、土箭芪26g、鹿仙草24g、钉头果4g、黄精18g、橡木皮14g、刺梨25g、五倍子20g、玉竹17g、白茅根32g、乌梅7g、血参31g、酸藤果28g和三七33g;混合均匀后,粉碎,向粉碎后的混合物中加1200g的水,煎煮2.5小时,过滤,滤渣中加入500g的水再次煎煮1.5小时,过滤,将两次滤液混合,减压浓缩至生药浓度为3g/ml的煎剂。
选用SD大鼠,给予不同浓度(18.0、6.0、2.0g生药/kg)的本发明的中药添加剂的汤剂,每天灌胃一次,连续90天,末次给药后24小时各组活杀1/2动物(雌雄各半),其余1/2动物继续观察2周后活杀。试验期间观察动物的外观、一般行为、摄食量、体重变化,给药后90天和停药2周进行血液学(RBC、HB、网织红细胞、PLT、CT、WBC及分类)和血液生化(AST、ALT、ALP、Glu、BUN、Crca、TP、T.BIL、ALB、CHOL)、尿液生化、脏器系数、病理组织学等指标检查。试验结果表明:本发明的中药添加剂在高、中、低剂量组动物一般状态良好,外观体征、行为活动、进食量和体重增长均无异常变化;三个剂量组及对照组血液学检查、血液生化学、尿液生化检查均在正常范围,组间无显著差异;各组主要脏器组织病理学检查未见明显异常。上述指标停药2周后也未见改变。本试验用药剂量分别为临床用药剂量的180、60、20倍,根据试验结果本发明的中药制剂在高、中、低三个剂量(18.0、6.0、2.0g生药/kg)连续90天给药对大鼠无明显影响,无明确的毒性靶器官和敏感指标,恢复期观察也未见延迟性毒性反应,提示本发明的中药制剂临床应用的剂量安全性较高。
对比试验
(1)供试动物
选取山西大同市某养鸡场随机选取3日龄蛋鸡400羽,作为治疗对比试验对象;另随机选取3日龄蛋鸡400羽作为预防对比试验对象。
(2)预防对比实验:
将随机挑选的400羽3日龄蛋鸡随机分成4组(实施例组1、实施例组2、实施例组3和对照组),
其中,对照组使用传统鸡饲料饲喂鸡;
实施例组1使用1000kg饲料中添加5kg实施例1中的中药组合物1饲喂鸡;
实施例组2使用1000kg饲料中添加5kg实施例2中的中药组合物2饲喂鸡;
实施例组3使用1000kg饲料中添加5kg实施例3中的中药组合物3饲喂鸡;
连续饲喂7天后,对各组鸡将马立克氏病病死鸡病料的抗凝血0.5mL经腹腔人工接种感染,然后严格隔离饲养观察。
接种感染后,对照组使用传统鸡饲料饲喂鸡;
实施例组1使用1000kg饲料中添加5kg实施例1中的中药组合物1饲喂鸡;每3日饲喂一次;其他时间使用对照组的传统鸡饲料饲喂;
实施例组2使用1000kg饲料中添加5kg实施例2中的中药组合物2饲喂鸡;每3日饲喂一次;其他时间使用对照组的传统鸡饲料饲喂;
实施例组3使用1000kg饲料中添加5kg实施例3中的中药组合物3饲喂鸡;每3日饲喂一次;其他时间使用对照组的传统鸡饲料饲喂;
观察记录各组鸡的发病率及死亡率,结果如表1所示。
表1预防效果对照表
组别 | 总数 | 发病率 | 死亡数 | 死亡率 | 保护率 |
实施例组1 | 100 | 4% | 1 | 1% | 99% |
实施例组2 | 100 | 5% | 2 | 2% | 98% |
实施例组3 | 100 | 3% | 0 | 0% | 100% |
对照组 | 100 | 100% | 51 | 51% | 49% |
从表1的数据可知:本发明含有中药组合物的饲料对鸡马立克氏病有明显的预防效果。
(3)治疗对比试验:
将随机选取的400羽3日龄蛋鸡随机分成4组(实施例组1、实施例组2、实施例组3和空白组),人工接种感染出现症状后采用不同药进行治疗,其中:
实施例组1:使用1000kg饲料中添加15kg实施例1中的中药组合物1饲喂鸡;
实施例组2:使用1000kg饲料中添加15kg实施例2中的中药组合物2饲喂鸡;
实施例组3:使用1000kg饲料中添加15kg实施例3中的中药组合物3饲喂鸡;
空白组:不使用任何药物,饲喂传统鸡饲料;加强鸡群饲养管理,保持鸡舍清洁卫生,做好消毒灭源工作,用3%氢氧化钠溶液对鸡舍墙壁、地面和周围环境全面消毒;在饲料中倍量添加矿物质元素,特别是硒,增强鸡群抵抗肿瘤疾病的能力。
治疗结果如表2所示。
表2治疗效果对照表
组别 | 总数 | 发病率 | 治愈率 | 死亡率 | 结束时有症状 |
实施例组1 | 100 | 100 | 91% | 2% | 7% |
实施例组2 | 100 | 100 | 89% | 6% | 5% |
实施例组3 | 100 | 100 | 94% | 2% | 4% |
空白组 | 100 | 100 | 14% | 51% | 35% |
从表2的数据可知:本发明中药组合物对鸡马立克氏病治疗效果明显降低死亡率,提高治愈率。
典型病例:
山西太原某养鸡专业户饲养的70日龄的蛋鸡发病,临床症状:病鸡鸡冠苍白、萎缩,食欲不振,精神萎顿;有些鸡下痢,开始排黄色粪便,后来排绿色粪便;颈部、翅下、腿部有结节。发病鸡消瘦,最后衰竭死亡。诊断为鸡马立克氏病。立即将发病鸡隔离,用3%氢氧化钠溶液对鸡舍墙壁、地面和周围环境全面消毒;在饲料中倍量添加硒矿物质元素,用实施例3的中药组合物3治疗,1000kg饲料中添加15kg实施例3中的中药组合物3饲喂鸡;用药1天后病鸡精神好转,2天后停止死亡,继续用药直至病鸡症状消失,最后治愈率94.5%。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (9)
1.一种用于防治鸡马立克氏病的中药组合物,其特征在于,所述中药组合物包括以下原料药材:地梢瓜、斑蝥、扛板归、常山、紫金牛、石花菜、槐耳、一扫光、天罗水、马鞭草、钓鱼竿、乔木紫珠、万年松、天生草、土箭芪、鹿仙草、钉头果、黄精、橡木皮、刺梨、五倍子、玉竹、白茅根、乌梅、血参、酸藤果和三七。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用于防治鸡马立克氏病的中药组合物,其特征在于,所述中药组合物中各原料药材的重量份数为:地梢瓜22-32重量份、斑蝥0.2-0.5重量份、扛板归10-16重量份、常山1-3重量份、紫金牛12-20重量份、石花菜11-23重量份、槐耳22-26重量份、一扫光10-20重量份、天罗水7-14重量份、马鞭草8-17重量份、钓鱼竿13-24重量份、乔木紫珠15-24重量份、万年松13-25重量份、天生草6-13重量份、土箭芪12-26重量份、鹿仙草16-24重量份、钉头果4-11重量份、黄精18-28重量份、橡木皮12-16重量份、刺梨15-25重量份、五倍子20-30重量份、玉竹8-19重量份、白茅根21-37重量份、乌梅7-19重量份、血参14-31重量份、酸藤果15-28重量份和三七28-39重量份。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的用于防治鸡马立克氏病的中药组合物,其特征在于,所述中药组合物中各原料药材的重量份数为:地梢瓜28重量份、斑蝥0.2重量份、扛板归16重量份、常山3重量份、紫金牛20重量份、石花菜11重量份、槐耳24重量份、一扫光15重量份、天罗水7重量份、马鞭草8重量份、钓鱼竿19重量份、乔木紫珠21重量份、万年松25重量份、天生草13重量份、土箭芪12重量份、鹿仙草20重量份、钉头果7重量份、黄精28重量份、橡木皮12重量份、刺梨21重量份、五倍子23重量份、玉竹8重量份、白茅根37重量份、乌梅19重量份、血参14重量份、酸藤果23重量份和三七28重量份。
4.根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的用于防治鸡马立克氏病的中药组合物,其特征在于,所述中药组合物中各原料药材的重量份数为:地梢瓜22重量份、斑蝥0.5重量份、扛板归13重量份、常山2重量份、紫金牛15重量份、石花菜23重量份、槐耳26重量份、一扫光10重量份、天罗水9重量份、马鞭草12重量份、钓鱼竿24重量份、乔木紫珠15重量份、万年松21重量份、天生草6重量份、土箭芪18重量份、鹿仙草16重量份、钉头果11重量份、黄精22重量份、橡木皮16重量份、刺梨15重量份、五倍子30重量份、玉竹19重量份、白茅根21重量份、乌梅13重量份、血参26重量份、酸藤果15重量份和三七39重量份。
5.根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的用于防治鸡马立克氏病的中药组合物,其特征在于,所述中药组合物中各原料药材的重量份数为:地梢瓜32重量份、斑蝥0.3重量份、扛板归10重量份、常山1重量份、紫金牛12重量份、石花菜18重量份、槐耳22重量份、一扫光20重量份、天罗水14重量份、马鞭草17重量份、钓鱼竿13重量份、乔木紫珠24重量份、万年松13重量份、天生草9重量份、土箭芪26重量份、鹿仙草24重量份、钉头果4重量份、黄精18重量份、橡木皮14重量份、刺梨25重量份、五倍子20重量份、玉竹17重量份、白茅根32重量份、乌梅7重量份、血参31重量份、酸藤果28重量份和三七33重量份。
6.根据权利要求1-5任一项所述的防治鸡马立克氏病的中药组合物,其特征在于,所述中药组合物的剂型为颗粒剂时,其制备方法包括以下步骤:
步骤一:按比例取斑蝥研末得斑蝥粉末,备用,按比例取剩余所述原料药材混合得混合物,加相对于混合物4~8倍的醇浓度为85%~95%的乙醇,加热至沸腾回流3~5小时,过滤,采用渗漉法以每分钟1~2ml的速度缓缓渗漉,收集渗漉液,随后在真空度0.06~0.09Mpa下减压浓缩至50~60℃时相对密度为1.04~1.10的膏体,喷雾干燥,喷雾干燥机的进风温度160~175℃、出风温度80~85℃,随后粉碎成粉末,制成干膏粉,将斑蝥粉末与干膏粉混合均匀得混合物二;
步骤二:在获得的混合物二中加入相对于混合物二质量0.2~0.4倍的蔗糖粉和0.1~0.2倍的糊精,制成颗粒,于40~50℃干燥,获得颗粒剂。
7.根据权利要求1-5任一项所述的用于防治鸡马立克氏病的中药组合物,其特征在于,所述药物组合物的剂型为散剂,其制备方法包括以下步骤:
将各原料药按重量分数比混合碎成粗粉,再进一步粉碎,过50目筛,使能通过50目筛的细粉量在达到60%,收集通过50目筛的细粉得细粉a;再将不能通过50目筛的粗粉投入多功能提取罐提取两次,第一次加6倍量水煎煮1.5-2小时,第二次加5倍量水煎煮1-2.0小时,合并两次煎液,过滤得滤液;加热浓缩至糊状,放入烘箱95℃烘干后冷却,研磨成细粉b,将细粉a与b混合后制成散剂。
8.一种如权利要求1-5任一项所述的用于防治鸡马立克氏病的中药组合物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述中药组合物的剂型为颗粒剂时,其制备方法包括以下步骤:
步骤一:按比例取斑蝥研末得斑蝥粉末,备用,按比例取剩余所述原料药材混合得混合物,加相对于混合物4~8倍的醇浓度为85%~95%的乙醇,加热至沸腾回流3~5小时,过滤,采用渗漉法以每分钟1~2ml的速度缓缓渗漉,收集渗漉液,随后在真空度0.06~0.09Mpa下减压浓缩至50~60℃时相对密度为1.04~1.10的膏体,喷雾干燥,喷雾干燥机的进风温度160~175℃、出风温度80~85℃,随后粉碎成粉末,制成干膏粉,将斑蝥粉末与干膏粉混合均匀得混合物二;
步骤二:在获得的混合物二中加入相对于混合物二质量0.2~0.4倍的蔗糖粉和0.1~0.2倍的糊精,制成颗粒,于40~50℃干燥,获得颗粒剂。
9.一种如权利要求1-5任一项所述的用于防治鸡马立克氏病的中药组合物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述中药组合物的剂型为散剂,其制备方法包括以下步骤:将各原料药按重量分数比混合碎成粗粉,再进一步粉碎,过50目筛,使能通过50目筛的细粉量在达到60%,收集通过50目筛的细粉得细粉a;再将不能通过50目筛的粗粉投入多功能提取罐提取两次,第一次加6倍量水煎煮1.5-2小时,第二次加5倍量水煎煮1-2.0小时,合并两次煎液,过滤得滤液;加热浓缩至糊状,放入烘箱95℃烘干后冷却,研磨成细粉b,将细粉a与b混合后制成散剂。
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CN113648337B (zh) * | 2021-03-26 | 2022-04-29 | 吉林大学 | 雷公藤红素在制备抑制马立克氏病病毒复制的药物中的应用 |
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