CN1057155A - The native direct sowing, covering and controlling of water seedling raising method of early rice drought - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a kind of method of raising seedling, the native direct sowing, covering and controlling of water seedling raising method of early rice drought particularly, it is characterized in that the early rice rice seedling bed need not wet ploughing and wet harrowing, seed-corn of early rice need not presoaking and germinating, mulch film need not to establish arch, the rice seedling bed need not often to have water, control water is short educates the short and sturdy seedlings of well developed root system, and water pulls out transplanting.Adopt the present invention, mashed kind of a seedling rot, can economize seed, fertilizer, rice seedling bed recruitment each about 50%, can do sth. in advance 7～10 days sowing time, shorten period of seedling establishment 3～4 days, the premature ripening phase, every mu of early rice overall economic efficiency increased income more than 40 yuan more than 7 days.

Description

The native direct sowing, covering and controlling of water seedling raising method of early rice drought

This practicality relates to a kind of paddy rice nursery method, the native direct sowing, covering and controlling of water seedling raising method of particularly a kind of early rice drought.

The early rice seedling is the big difficulty on early rice produces, and particularly promotes hybrid early, because of its breeding time long, want sowing time early, mashed kind of seedling rot in various degree often taken place, and in case the few price height of hybrid seed is mashed kind of seedling rot, cost up not only, also can influence season and output, therefore resolve early rice sowing method of raising seedling, promoting double season hybriding rice, improve whole rice yield, realize that particularly the high yield of 1000 kg per Mu target is significant.Since hybrid rice is promoted, some early rice seedling new methods, new technology are tested out in the agricultural science and technology worker exploratory development of various places, and in progressively applying, gratifying economic benefit and social benefit have been produced, be subjected to the welcome of rice farming, study successful a kind of intensification rapid seedling-raising new results-hybrid early seedling drought as people such as professors Lao Tianyuan of Guangxi Agriculture College and educate technology, its technical essential is: hybrid rice seeds is after routine is handled, broadcast on the non-irrigated preferably native seedbed of liquid manure, gas, heat, and establish the arch overlay film, drought is educated to 2～2.5 leaves, moves into the land for growing field crops transplanting.This method have save seed-grain, less with rice seedling bed, water-saving saving of labor, advantages such as results, increase yield significantly ahead of time, but this method is larger, cost is higher, relatively is fit to the employing of commercialized seedling raising specialist, and wants balled transplanting, and is very not convenient.Another kind method is that the early rice drought is educated the short seedling of water, this method has existing green grass or young crops and emerges soon, seedling is neat, seedling rot not, percentage establishment of seedling is higher, seedling age elasticity is strong, behind the short seedling of waterflooding, the rice shoot growing way is violent, the seedling stalwartness, full of leaves, newborn well developed root system, white root is many, short and thick, easily pull after the immersion and wash, the transplanting survival rate advantages of higher, its technical essential is that the seed-grain of presoaking and germinating is broadcast the epiphragma that preserves soil moisture on the moistening non-irrigated native seedbed (need not establish film arch), reaches one heart stage of two leaves after 12～15 days in time to take off film, looks the rice seedling bed growing way, it is fertile successively to impose wean, relay fertilizer, send and transfer fertilizer, the short seedling of waterflooding is to transplanting the land for growing field crops then.This method is changeable than preceding a kind of method scale, and cost is lower, is more easily accepted by peasant household.But the short seedling of waterflooding is crucial, must be meticulous, otherwise, fail, influence season and output.

The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of simplyr, more economize kind of a saving of labor, results ahead of time than preceding method, increase production more remarkable, the non-irrigated native direct sowing, covering and controlling of water seedling raising method of the seedling-cultivation technique that cost is lower-early rice.

Technical essential of the present invention is: will be live on the whole seedling furrow of dry farming drought without the seed-corn of early rice of presoaking and germinating, with loam or be incubated thing such as fertile ash lid kind, covering does not then have the film of digging earth with the snout, promptly to the rice seedling bed pour water fall into water naturally to the moistening back of seedling furrow or draining to dried, allow seed rice in mulch film under the suitable temperature and humidity condition broken chest germinating growth to two leaf wholeheartedly take off film at the latest during three leaves, four leaf after dates are before transplant the land for growing field crops, and the anti-overgrowing in short strong sprout of control water is irritated deep water and pulled seedling when transplanting the land for growing field crops.

As follows to enumeration of the present invention in conjunction with the embodiments:

(1), seed treatment: before broadcasting the seed rice removal of impurities is removed not plump drying and wait to broadcast, seed disinfection can be steeped 1～2 day in the medication water logging, do not allow its broken chest germinate as need.

(2), the rice seedling bed prepares: this law requires not tight to the rice seedling bed, only need irrigation and drainage convenient, and the field soil that illumination is good carries out the whole back bedding of dry farming drought to it, 1.5～1.7 meters of furrow face widths, furrow width is 0.5 meter between furrow.To the whole bedding of the direct dry farming drought in weathering field of turning over of sand field and winter, more saving of labor, effect are the same to the bedding of plate field.The practice is with the trench digging of pulling strings of restricting, ditch soil turned on the furrow face smash, make one deck hack is arranged on the furrow face, on furrow face hack layer, execute human and animal excreta and make base manure, converting water waters on the furrow face, (, can after planting apply fertilizer earlier and save lid kind of thing) about every mu of rice seedling bed 15 loads as making base manure with pig cow dung in small, broken bits, chicken and duck goose excrement.

(3), sowing: after having executed base manure on the seedling furrow, to seedling furrow upper seeding wheel, seed-grain can be mixed fused calcium magnesium phosphate during sowing immediately, amount ratio is 1: 0.5～1.Can decide sowing time according to the various places situation, generally does sth. in advance 7～10 days than open-air cultivating seedlings in paddy field, and seeding quantity is by the land for growing field crops, and 5～6 kilograms of conventional kinds are mixed excellent 1.5～2.0 kilograms, and the rice seedling bed ratio is 1: 10.Must press paddy to bury after kind of paddy is broadcast, things such as available plank, spade are firmly clapped paddy, make paddy paste soil and bury, and then with things such as ash, the cinder ash that sieves lid kind, also can adopt the straw lid kind of chopping, and mantle thickness suits, and has 90% seed-grain to be got final product by drowning.Overlay film: promptly covering after kind paddy is covered does not have the film of digging earth with the snout, and lifts with the mulch film four frontier defense winds of soil pressure jail.

(4), control water is short long: control water principal measure and requirement be in whole seedling is crossed kind except that pour water for the first time moistening, should look weather condition later on pours water, as fine day after day, the native overdrying of the bed wet bed soil of can pouring water that turns white, but can not go up the furrow face, strict control moisture content, do not set up furrow face water layer, the rice shoot later stage is not overgrowed, and short rice shoot is strong always, and it is fast to turn green after inserting, accomplish that soil is dried and moistening for principle, not too dried needn't pouring water, only when transplanting, just irritate deep water, make native unlikely hardening like this and air capacity of soils is good, the rice shoot root growth is good, be white root entirely, short and sturdy, can continued growth after inserting.After building mulch film, promptly to the rice seedling bed furrow face to the waterflooding of pouring water, do not arrange after the filling, it is dried to allow water fall naturally, if it is dried to fall, second day furrow face then should be taken the circumstances into consideration draining like waterflooding, only keeps having in the ditch water to get final product in 3～4 days.After planting in case of fine 3～4 days, seedling was existing blue or green together, and as continuous rainy weather, needing could neat seedling after 7 days.

(5), young plants management:, must prevent that the emplastrum phenomenon from producing with broom, straw sweeping off face ponding as membrane area water behind the rain at rice shoot one leaf after date wholeheartedly.When rice shoot grows to two leaves wholeheartedly at the latest during three leaves, mulch film must be thrown off, notice that taking off the film time should grasp: finely take off in other evening that film is overcast and rainy can be taken off at any time.

(6), rice shoot fertilising: chase after disposable fertilizer immediately after taking off film, every mu of full furrow in rice seedling bed sprinkle and water people's urine (converting water) 3～4 loads.Treat that rice shoot grows to four leaf after dates and executes to send in preceding 7 days to rice transplanting and transfer 5～7.5 kilograms/mu in fertile urea, 5 kilograms/mu in potassium chloride is converted water and is sprinkled and water.

Enforcement test situation result of the present invention is summarized as follows: I began test in a small amount in 1985 to 1987,3.9 mu of farmlands covered by contract that I the personnel Zhu Hailin of seminar of institute in 1988 will contract, early rice is all adopted seedling of the present invention, real 1900 kilograms of the gulches of receiving, 550 kilograms of wherein assorted excellent (prestige excellent 49) per mu yields, 500 kilograms of conventional rice (cytoplasmic-nuclear hybridization rice) per mu yields, conventional early maturing variety (M III 3) is above 400 kilograms.Sow to the maturing stage: assorted sowing on excellent March 27, harvesting on July 17 is than the 5 days ahead of time maturing stage of other peasant household's additive method sowings same period.Every mu of sowing quantity is 2 kilograms, than 3.5～5 kilograms of every mu of sowing quantities of other peasant households, saves 1.5～3 kilograms in seed.

From 1988 I the Different Raising Seedling method has been made comparative trial, situation and relevant data are taken passages in down:

Test is divided into four groups: one group is paddy field water-raised seedling method, two groups is moistening overlay film seedling raising method, three groups is non-irrigated native direct sowing, covering and controlling of water seedling raising method (the present invention), and four groups is the open-air seedling raising method of drought soil, the back because of the 4th group emerge uneven, extremely educate the too many contrast of abandoning not giving.Experimental cultivar is presoaking and germinating simultaneously, bud ratio be 93%(surplus be that half strong paddy does not germinate), first group is adopted the paddy field to plough rake back basal dressing, plough a bedding of rake sowing again, broadcast back bat broom and step on paddy, the sowing of second group of site preparation and fertilization is identical with one group, and stepping on and sprinkling wood sawdust on the furrow face behind the paddy is spacer, covering with plastic film again, the 3rd group is adopted the back bedding of dry farming drought rake, impose base manure on the furrow face, the back sowing of applying fertilizer is broadcast the back and is planted with the fine earth lid, covering with plastic film, the wet bed of pouring water then soil in order to reduce weather to one, two group of mashed influence of planting, is selected in fine day on April 4 sowing time.Duration of test adopts regularly thermometric to each group soil table temperature, and subordinate list has been taken passages wherein part temperature measurement data, as can be seen from the table, morning, 7 o'clock 3 groups of ratios were two groups high 0.7 ℃, two groups are compared one group high 1.3 ℃, two groups high 10 ℃ of three groups of ratios of rainy weather, and two groups than one group high 1.5 ℃.4 o'clock 3 groups of fine at 10 o'clock in the morning and afternoons, two groups than one group high 7.5 ℃ than two groups high 3.3 ℃.Three groups of fine noons are than two groups high 5.5 ℃, and two groups than one group high 8.3 ℃, average three groups than two groups high 2.4 ℃, two groups than one group high 5.6 ℃ (three groups and two groups are all plastic mulching).

Find out from subordinate list, two groups of temperature height of three groups of ratios, its reason is that the paddy field soil water content is higher than drought soil, heat conducts faster than drought soil.

Observed contrast rice shoot growing way appearance in after planting 15 days, all thrown off mulch film this moment, and leaf age is one group of 2 leaf, two group of 2.5 leaf, three group of 3 leaf.The leaf growth situation also has significant difference, the first leaf blade length and width, three groups of no significant differences, just three groups of one, two groups of leaf color ratios are more dark green, and three groups of leaf length of second leaf are 4.8 meters rice, and leaf is wide to be 0.4 centimetre, two groups of leaf length are 4.2 centimetres, and leaf is wide to be 0.3 centimetre, and one group of leaf length is 4 centimetres, leaf is wide to be 0.28 centimetre, long 8.7 centimetres of three groups of leaves of the 3rd leaf, leaf is wide to be 0.48 centimetre, two groups of leaf length are 5 centimetres, leaf is wide to be 0.4 centimetre, and leaf does not all sprout and do not note down during one group of contrast.The color of blade also has very big difference in addition, and three groups is dark green, and one, two group is light green color, and chlorophyll content obviously lacks than three groups.Root growth, how three groups of root tubbiness root hairs are white root entirely, and one, two group is identical, and root is elongated, and the root hair is few, has only two new root annesls white, and all the other all are the old root of yellowish-brown.The reason that analyze to produce these difference is: three groups of one to tri-leaf periods are under the situation of overlay film, temperature is than one, two group of height, and soil aeration will be got well, and seed germination is taken root soon, three groups of fertilizer are concentrated and are executed at seeding layer in addition, the native microbial activities of drought is strong, and fertilizer decomposes fast, and seed goes out root can absorb nutriment, at temperature, gas, water, fertilizer, all conditions all are better than under one, two group the situation, and greenhouse effect obviously improve, so seedling growth is fast and vigorous.Seedling is to end of day in Mays 2, three groups than two groups of fast 0.5 leaves, than one group of fast 1 leaf age, the leaf growth situation, 4 to 5 leaves are just in time opposite with 3 leaf situations, three groups of blade tubbiness are straight and upright, and one, two group of light green hanging down loosely of the wide length of blade is analyzed its reason and is: one, two group of 3 leaf phase begins normal irrigation, this moment, outside air temperature was elevated to the adaptation paddy growth, have decomposed base manure, this moment of topdressing and had an effect, so the liquid manure abundance, temperature is suitable, cause rice shoot excessive growth, and 3 leaf after dates are not still poured water for three groups, because the inhibition of moisture content makes rice shoot 4 to 5 leaves look short strong.The situation of tillering contrast, each group of band tiller seedling is all gathered one and is done the strain counting, and one group accounts for 12.8%, two group and accounts for 27.4%, three group and account for 43.6%.The situation of pouring water in the seedling process is irritated horse race water 4 times altogether from sowing to 2 leaf ages for one, two group, and three multicast post-sowing irrigations once.One, two group of filling shallow water to seedling finishes after taking off film, one, two groups owing to irritate horse race water early stage, and solid carbon dioxide is too much, and needle spikesedge herb is many on the furrow face, soil compaction, rice shoot is bad to be pulled, and the seedling breaking rate reaches 12%, three group and do not set up water layer after taking off film, only irrigate through furrow twice, irritate deep water at last and pull seedling, three groups owing to be non-irrigated soil structure, none seedling breaking phenomenon of soil loosening.Observe rice shoot base portion one, two leaf situations, first leaf loses for one, two groups mostly, second leaf is also withered soon, and three groups of rice shoot one, two leaves are still dark green intact, because three groups are not set up water layer, the rice shoot base portion is sunny, one of adds, two leaves just grew vigorous originally, so be not easy early ageing, this is to impel the key factor of early tillering.The fertilising situation: all execute one time base manure before each multicast kind, three groups of consumptions are amounted to every mu with person poultry muck's 15 loads.One, two groups double.It is fertile that rice shoot two leaves are executed once wean wholeheartedly the time, and each group all personnel selection urine is converted water and sprinkled for 4 times and water, and irritates shallow water for one, two group and spreads fertilizer over the fields, and consumption is amounted to every mu of personnel selection urine 4 loads for three groups, and one, two group is 8 loads.Rice shoot grew to for 4 leaf phases respectively to be executed once to send and transfers fertilizer, converting 80 times in water with urea for three groups sprinkles and waters, amount to 5 kilograms in urea for every mu, one, two groups of filling shallow waters spread fertilizer over the fields, consumption is amounted to 10 kilograms every mu, each group of percentage establishment of seedling all is sowed at seedling furrow central authorities separately with a dry granular kind paddy, calculate after pulling up seedlings separately, one group is 57%, two group to be 48%, three group be that 83%(annotates: this number average does not comprise tillered nursery plant, seedling breaking seedling proportionately seedling calculates, percentage is by dry granular sowing number, not by germinative number) percentage establishment of seedling with three groups for the highest, two groups is minimum.Analyze its reason: two groups is the paddy field overlay film, because of the phenomenon of forcing on, the place's furrow face of generally forcing on is low, and clay coating is mashed, face ponding, rice sprout is buried, is difficult to jack-up, again because of anoxic, Gu mashed easily kind, because of sowing late, not because of low temperature causes mashed kind of phenomenon, so two groups of percentage establishment of seedlings are minimum, three groups is the non-irrigated native overlay film phenomenon of not forcing on, soil temperature and humidity is suitable, and air capacity of soils is good, and it is fast and neat to emerge, so percentage establishment of seedling is for the highest, rice shoot pulls no seedling breaking well in addition, and it is fast to turn green after inserting, and the every strain early of tillering can be inserted one to two this seedling of foundation less so can save seed more than 50%.Bring out next rice shoot with above three kinds of methods, one, two groups except that leaf age differs 0.5 leaf, other are basic identical, and the rice shoot children is tender, and damage is bigger when pulling seedling, the long-term ponding of root in addition, influenced the breathing and the growth of root, root is looked elongated, the root hair absorption ability of nutrient extreme difference that seldom absorbs water, be subject to burning sun or damage to plants caused by sudden drop in temperature influence after being inserted into the land for growing field crops, tiller slowly late so turn green after inserting; And three group of 3 leaf after date adopts field control water to suppress the excessive growth of rice shoot 4 to 5 leaves, improved the resistance ability of rice shoot, water layer is not set up in the field simultaneously, soil keeps doing wet always, the oxygen supply of having ventilated is sufficient, the seedling root looks thick and look white, none yellow old root system when pulling seedling, so the suction fertilizer sucting ability of root improves greatly, be inserted into most of root system energy continued growth behind the land for growing field crops, take root fast especially, period of seedling establishment is obviously than one, do sth. in advance 3 days for two groups, three groups of fringe phases beginning than two groups 3 days ahead of time, two groups than one group 2 days ahead of time, done sth. in advance 5 days than one group for three groups, the relation that is limited to time and manpower does not make to repeat comparative trial, every data are very inaccurate, but from for many years practice, total trend can be affirmed with test situation basic identical.

Comprehensively described, adopt the present invention that early rice is produced and has tangible effect of increasing production, particularly more suitable to the hybrid early seedling, have following advantage: mashed kind, seedling rot not, can save seed 50%, save fertilizer 50%, save rice seedling bed recruitment 50%; Can do sth. in advance 7～10 days sowing time, shorten period of seedling establishment 3～4 days, the premature ripening phase provided the time assurance for promoting double season hybriding rice more than 7 days; Every mu of early rice can be increased production more than 50 kilograms, saves 10 yuan/mu of seedling costs, and overall economic efficiency increases income more than 40 yuan, and mature seedling is transplanted to seedlings water and pulled up seedlings, and is fit to peasant convention rice transplanting custom, for the peasant is willing to accept.

Attached: thermometric record sheet temperature ℃

Claims (4)

1, a kind of method of raising seedling, the native direct sowing, covering and controlling of water seedling raising method of early rice drought particularly, its technical essential is directly to broadcast sowing materials such as dried seed rice and lid kind of insulation fertilizer on the whole seedling furrow (bed) of dry farming drought, covering with plastic film and press its periphery thereon again, pour water to seedling furrow surface wettability to the rice seedling bed then but do not have capping water, allow seed suction moisture content, naturally fall to doing the rice seedling bed water that soaks the seedling furrow, what only keep seedling furrow seeding layer is moistening to the shoot transplanting equipment eve, reaches two leaves at rice shoot and wholeheartedly throws off overlay film at the latest during three leaves, and a few days before and after clear and bright time decides on weather weather changes in temperature situation, strict control water is urged seedling after taking off film, and look the growth of cereal crop seedlings and topdress for several times and prevention and elimination of disease and pests, before transplanting, irritate deep water in 1～3 day and pull up seedlings, it is characterized in that, the rice seedling bed need not wet ploughing and wet harrowing, seed-corn of early rice need not presoaking and germinating, and mulch film need not to establish arch, need not often to have water in the rice seedling bed.

2, method of raising seedling as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that live seed-corn of early rice without presoaking and germinating on the whole seedling furrow of dry farming drought, and covering does not have the film of digging earth with the snout.

3, method of raising seedling as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that the dry farming drought broadcasts epiphragma to two leaf length of time wholeheartedly, and the short seedling of control water is to transplanting the eve.

4, method of raising seedling as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that non-irrigated seedling seedlings water pulls out transplanting, non-non-irrigated seedling seedling balled transplanting and the big transplantation of seedlings of water seedling.