CN105688804A - 磁性生物质炭的制备及其对染料的吸附 - Google Patents

磁性生物质炭的制备及其对染料的吸附 Download PDF

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CN105688804A
CN105688804A CN201610001021.4A CN201610001021A CN105688804A CN 105688804 A CN105688804 A CN 105688804A CN 201610001021 A CN201610001021 A CN 201610001021A CN 105688804 A CN105688804 A CN 105688804A
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magnetic
activated carbon
preparation
biomass charcoal
composite material
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张升晓
罗浩
李晓燕
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Ludong University
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
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    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
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    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
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    • B01J20/28009—Magnetic properties
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    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
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    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
    • C02F1/288—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using composite sorbents, e.g. coated, impregnated, multi-layered
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
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Abstract

本发明属于化学分析测试仪器设备领域，涉及一种新型磁性生物质活性炭复合材料，该材料兼具磁性纳米材料的磁性分离能力和活性炭的高吸附性能，可以快速高效的去除水体中的染料污染物，并且具有很好的稳定性。此外，本发明所制备的磁性纳米复合材料吸附剂制备方法简单，原料成本低廉，环境友好。

Description

磁性生物质炭的制备及其对染料的吸附
技术领域
本发明属于化学分析测试仪器设备领域，涉及一种新型的磁性生物质炭纳米复合材料，将它作为去除染料的吸附剂，用来去除环境废水中的染料。
背景技术
本技术领域的背景和发展现状大致如下：染料废水作为较难处理的工业废水之一，其具有有机质含量高、浓度高、色度深、毒性大、生物降解困难等特点。它可对人体健康产生极大危害，例如会引发癌症，贫血以及呼吸障碍等疾病。目前，国内外关于除染料的研究方法主要有吸附法、催化法及电化学方法等，因此，开发高效、廉价、稳定的吸附剂对于染料废水处理等具有重要意义。具有超顺磁性的Fe3O4磁性纳米材料，具有较高的比饱和磁强度，零矫顽力，无剩磁现象。超顺磁性的特征使得这类纳米颗粒可以很好的应用于大体积水样品中污染物的去除[1-3]。但在实际应用中，Fe3O4磁性纳米颗粒易发生团聚。活性炭由于其具有良好的化学稳定性、发达的孔隙和较高的比表面积而常常被用来做吸附剂[4-5]。利用原位生成法让磁性纳米颗粒在生物质活性炭表面生长，从而得到磁性生物质活性炭，该材料兼具磁性纳米材料的磁性分离能力和活性炭的高吸附性能，可以很好的解决这一问题。另外，利用生物质活性炭去除污染物，可以达到以废治废的目的。
[1]H.H.Yang,S.Q.Zhang,X.L.Chen,Z.X.Zhuang,J.G.Xu,X.R.Wang.Anal.Chem.76(2004)1316-1321.
[2]S.S.Zhang,Y.Y.Zhang,G.M.Bi,J.S.Liu,Z.G.Wang.J.Hazar.Mater.270(2014)27-34.
[3]B.P.Wu,J.H.Zhu,Z.H.Xu.Adv.Funct.Mater.14(2004)345-351.
[4]A.Kumar,H.M.Jena.Appl.Sur.Sci.356(2015)753-761.
[5]W.D.Oh,S.K.Lua,Z.L.Dong,T.T.Lim,J.Hazar.Mater.284(2014)1-9。
发明内容
本发明制得的磁性生物质活性炭复合材料，兼具磁性纳米材料的磁性分离能力和活性炭的高吸附性能，可以快速高效的去除环境中的染料废水，并且具有很好的稳定性。
制备时首先通过煅烧得到活性炭粉末，然后利用原位生成法让磁性纳米颗粒在生物质活性炭(BAC)表面生长，从而得到磁性生物质活性炭。制得的磁性纳米材料具有很好的亲水性，能够在水溶液中稳定的分散。去除染料的时候，只需将此材料投入染料溶液，静置5分钟后磁分离即可完成。与现有的一些除染料材料和除染料方法相比，该纳米材料及除染料过程具有以下优点：
1.用量少，吸附容量高。制备的磁性生物质活性炭复合材料比表面积很大，表面吸附力强，因此用很少量的复合材料就能去除染料。
2.环境友好。在吸附分离过程中，不在水样中引入任何有毒有害的物质，对环境友好。
3.操作简便、去除速度快。一方面，由于纳米材料粒径小，路径短，因此平衡速度快；另一方面，由于制得的磁性纳米材料具有很好的超顺磁性，在外加磁场的作用下，5分钟便可实现染料的去除。
4.成本低廉，制备简单。制备过程中用到的主要原料为无水FeCl3、树叶、醋酸钠和二甘醇，价格低廉，购买方便。
在完成本发明的过程中，我们对制备的磁性生物质活性炭复合材料的各项性能指标进行了反复测试，具有很好的稳定性。在pH为5~9之间变化时，吸附效率变化不大。材料去除染料效率高、速度快，可满足快速高效去除染料污染物的目的。
附图说明
图1为本发明磁性生物质活性炭的透射电镜图1;
图2为本发明磁性生物质活性炭的透射电镜图2;
图3为本发明磁性生物质活性炭对染料的吸附等温线。
具体实施方式
对磁性生物质炭复合材料制备方法详细可分为两步：一、生物质炭的制备。法桐落叶用蒸馏水清洗并在50℃下烘干。将落叶研磨后并用60目分子筛筛选。将树叶粉末置于氧化铝瓷舟并放于管式炉中，在氩气条件下以每分钟5℃的速度升温至800℃并在该温度下恒温5h，最后自然冷却至室温，得到活性炭粉末。
二、磁性生物质炭的制备。取活性炭(0.9g),无水FeCl3(0.972g)和无水CH3COONa(1.5g)于60mL二甘醇中,并将混合物在磁力搅拌下加热,直至完全混匀。然后,将该溶液转移到聚四氟乙烯高压釜中,在200℃保持24小时。冷却到室温后,用磁铁将混合物分离并用乙醇清洗三到四次，最后在35℃下干燥得到Fe3O4/BAC质量比为1：2的材料。将活性炭的量增加到1.8g，其余不变，可得到Fe3O4/BAC质量比为1：4的材料。
将制备的吸附剂Fe3O4/BAC（1：2）用于染料污染物的吸附，结果表明该材料对刚果红、中性红和甲基绿具有很好的吸附效果，最大吸附容量分别达到396.8、171.2和403.2mgg-1。

Claims (5)

1.制备了一种具有独特理化性质的磁性纳米复合材料——磁性生物质活性炭材料。
2.权利1所述的生物质活性炭是将法桐树叶在氩气气氛下高温煅烧得到。
3.按照权利1所述，该技术制得的磁性纳米复合材料是将Fe3O4纳米颗粒负载在法桐树叶活性炭上。
4.权利3中负载Fe3O4纳米颗粒采用的是在法桐树叶活性炭上原位生成的方法。
5.权利1所述磁性生物质活性炭，用于水体中染料的去除。
CN201610001021.4A 2016-01-05 2016-01-05 磁性生物质炭的制备及其对染料的吸附 Pending CN105688804A (zh)

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Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106362690A (zh) * 2016-10-31 2017-02-01 华中科技大学 一种磁性生物炭吸附材料及其制备方法
CN106398709A (zh) * 2016-08-29 2017-02-15 中钢集团鞍山热能研究院有限公司 一种重金属固定剂及该固定剂去除土壤中重金属的方法
CN107243323A (zh) * 2017-06-27 2017-10-13 *** 一种磁性竹纤维基活性炭材料及其制备方法和应用
CN107469780A (zh) * 2017-07-31 2017-12-15 华南理工大学 一种磁性稻秆吸附剂及其制备方法与应用
CN109626370A (zh) * 2019-01-21 2019-04-16 青岛科技大学 基于三球悬铃木种子的生物质基多孔碳材料的制备及其应用
CN111054308A (zh) * 2019-12-11 2020-04-24 佛山科学技术学院 一种磁性生物炭及其制备方法
CN111420633A (zh) * 2020-03-20 2020-07-17 西安工程大学 一种板栗壳基磁性活性炭材料及制备方法

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106398709A (zh) * 2016-08-29 2017-02-15 中钢集团鞍山热能研究院有限公司 一种重金属固定剂及该固定剂去除土壤中重金属的方法
CN106362690A (zh) * 2016-10-31 2017-02-01 华中科技大学 一种磁性生物炭吸附材料及其制备方法
CN107243323A (zh) * 2017-06-27 2017-10-13 *** 一种磁性竹纤维基活性炭材料及其制备方法和应用
CN107243323B (zh) * 2017-06-27 2020-05-08 *** 一种磁性竹纤维基活性炭材料及其制备方法和应用
CN107469780A (zh) * 2017-07-31 2017-12-15 华南理工大学 一种磁性稻秆吸附剂及其制备方法与应用
CN109626370A (zh) * 2019-01-21 2019-04-16 青岛科技大学 基于三球悬铃木种子的生物质基多孔碳材料的制备及其应用
CN111054308A (zh) * 2019-12-11 2020-04-24 佛山科学技术学院 一种磁性生物炭及其制备方法
CN111420633A (zh) * 2020-03-20 2020-07-17 西安工程大学 一种板栗壳基磁性活性炭材料及制备方法

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