CN105684708B - A method of in karst region, rejected reasons interplant Chinese medicine using three-dimensional composite mode - Google Patents
A method of in karst region, rejected reasons interplant Chinese medicine using three-dimensional composite mode Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of methods for interplanting Chinese medicine using three-dimensional composite mode in karst region rejected reasons, using that can bring economic benefit to peasant but also be well adapted for different biotype valuable ingredient of traditional Chinese medicine Pterospermi Heterophyllis, false-yellowflower milkwort root or herb and the sage of local environmental conditions, in Karst Mountain, rejected reasons establish a kind of Chinese medicine solid Compound Planting Model of efficient ecological.Perennial shrub medicinal material false-yellowflower milkwort root or herb is interplanted in Pterospermi Heterophylli initial planting solid, and interplants biennial medicinal material sage under false-yellowflower milkwort root or herb.Before false-yellowflower milkwort root or herb forms yield, 891.9 kg of sage can be harvested per acre, while interplanting is little to the growth effect of Pterospermi Heterophylli and false-yellowflower milkwort root or herb, improves planting income, saves the area and form unique landscape.The outstanding advantages of the present invention are to make full use of the season of growth according to the growth characteristic of plant using ecological niche principle, improve land utilization ratio and planting income, and it is profitable on ecology, cultural method is simple, easy large-scale promotion.
Description
Technical field
It is specifically a kind of to use three-dimensional composite mode set in karst region rejected reasons the invention belongs to field of plant growing technology
The method of kind Chinese medicine.
Background technology
China is one of maximum country of land karst landform area in the world, is distributed mainly on the south the Changjiang river, accounts for about
The 14.3% of national territorial area, the ecosystem is very fragile.Karst vegetation is once destroyed or easily causes water using improper
Soil, which is lost in, generates " stony desertification ", this is the great environmental problem for being only second to " desertification " that China currently faces.Only in stony desert
Change area and accelerate forest cover and build, restores and rebuild the ecosystem that karst area is seriously degenerated as early as possible, it could be from basic
Upper containment Rocky Desertification.Karst region Mode of Ecologic Restoration can be generally divided into two classes, and one kind is clear-cutting forestland pattern (including people
The clear-cutting forestland pattern that work promotes), another kind of is Artificial vegetation Recovery pattern.Artificial vegetation Recovery Juvenile Stage due to plant compared with
Small, seeding row spacing is larger, and land resource cannot be arrived and be made full use of.Three-dimensional composite plant is in economic underplanting draft, shrub
Or dungarunga, carry out a kind of Artificial vegetation Recovery pattern of multi-level management.Three-dimensional Compound Management appropriate measures, can be with
Increase surface vegetation and the soil organism, be conducive to water and soil conservation and soil improvement, improve land utilization ratio, obtains preferable
Its Eco-economic Benefit.Southern karst area is abundant since complicated topography and geomorphology and superior weather conditions have been bred
Resources of medicinal plant is not only local conceding the land to forestry, mountainous region comprehensive utilization, improves the ecological environment, increase farmers' income and play product
Pole acts on, while also greatly having pushed the development of Chinese Medicine Industry.The present invention is according to the adaptability of the market demand and Chinese medicine, choosing
With arbor species rare medicinal plant Pterospermi Heterophylli (Semiliquidambar cathayensisH.T.Chang), shrub medicinal material
Traditional rare medicinal plant false-yellowflower milkwort root or herb (Polygala fallaxHemsl.), draft medicinal material rare medicinal plant red root
Grass(Salvia priontisHance)The three-dimensional Compound Planting Model of old-field structure in Karst Mountain, providing one kind can have
A kind of Artificial vegetation Recovery pattern of local masses' income level can be improved in the ecology fragility environment of effect improvement Karst Mountain again.
Pterospermi Heterophylli also known as Ramulus et Folium Semiliquidambaris cathayensis are few kind of the platymiscium of Hamamelidaceae, high megaphanerophyte, II grade of protection plant of country
Object is China endemic species, now only remains in south China and southeast mountain area, the i.e. mountain area of the provinces such as Guangxi, Hunan, Jiangxi, Guangdong
Area.Its root and stem, branch, leaf can be used as Chinese herbal medicine, have the silt, promoting blood circulation wind dispelling and other effects of disappearing of easing pain, with medical value
Gradually find that the market amount of wanting to buy constantly rises, limb is as 20 yuan/kg of medicinal material or so;The Pterospermi Heterophylli speed of growth, it is average annual to grow
Diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground 1.5cm or more is become a useful person from 12 years, only uses every pair of price of bed board of Pterospermi Heterophylli sheet fabrication with regard to 2000 yuan or more, economic valence
It is worth considerable.The species are in academic research, Chinese medicine is medicinal, forest processing, afforestation etc. the high value of tool, be suitable
The medicinal material and forest tree species that southern region of China is promoted.
False-yellowflower milkwort root or herb is Polygalaceae polygala, and evergreen shrubs is usually 1.5~2 meters high.Root or all herbal medicine,
It is precious jade, seedling, the common folk medicine of Zhuan Deng ethnic groups, there is help, strong, clearing damp, dissipate the effect of tired, treats weak empty
Swollen, acute, chronic hepatitis, traumatic injury belongs to precious Chinese herbal medicine.Product has false-yellowflower milkwort root or herb polysaccharide, syrup and chrysanthemum to pour
The easypro liver tea of lotus, Antialcoholic tea etc., current market price is 20 yuan/kg or so.
Sage is the whole herb with root of the biennial herbaceous plant Huangpu rat-tail of Labiatae, is civil common herbal medicine, has recorded
In version in 1977《Pharmacopoeia of People's Republic of China》In, have good antibacterial and detoxicating, removing damp-heat effect, cure mainly bacterium jasmine, diarrhea,
The diseases such as enteritis, pneumonia, acute laryngopharyngitis, tonsillitis, flu are the main of three gold medal medicine company group of Guilin production sage patent medicine
Raw material.Current market price is 20 yuan/kg or so.
Invention content
The present invention follows ecological and plant physiology principle, using can bring economic benefit but also fine to peasant
The valuable ingredient of traditional Chinese medicine Pterospermi Heterophylli, false-yellowflower milkwort root or herb and sage that ground adapts to local environmental conditions build " arbor+shrub+draft " pattern
Chinese medicine solid Compound Planting Model.Asking of making full use of cannot be arrived for Pterospermi Heterophylli artificial growth initial stage land resource
Shrub and draft medicinal material are carried out intercropping solid cultivation with Pterospermi Heterophylli young growth, not only passed through by topic according to medicinal material biological characteristics
Ji value is high, profitable on ecology, moreover it is possible to which protection rare species resource well both effectively improves the ecology fragility of Karst Mountain
The income level of the local masses can be improved in environment again, reaches a kind of sustainable benign cycle.
The present invention provides a kind of method for interplanting Chinese medicine using three-dimensional composite mode in karst region rejected reasons, including as follows
Step:
1. forest land selects:In Karst mountains in south China, selection fertile soil, draining is good, the level land or gentle slope of ponding are not abandoned
Arable land is as Chinese medicine solid composite plant.
2. forest land is cleared up:Artificial remove removes all weeds and miscellaneous filling wood in forest land.
3. digging Pterospermi Heterophylli field planting hole:Seeding row spacing be 4m × 4m, set row south-north direction, field planting hole specification be 80cm × 80cm ×
60cm。
4. Pterospermi Heterophylli is colonized:Select the biennial Pterospermi Heterophylli seedling of healthy growth, 1.0~1.5m of plant height fixed after winter rain
It plants, every plant is applied the decomposed pig manures of 4 kg as base manure.
5. site preparation:Before forest interplanting, weeds in Pterospermi Heterophylli forest land are removed, then plough shallowly 1 time, plowed soils depth is at least
30cm, and decomposed dung or 500~1000kg of compost are applied per acre, it ploughs under and makees base manure in soil, it is then whole carefully to rake.
6. interplanting medicinal material nursery:Select perennial shrub medicinal material false-yellowflower milkwort root or herb and biennial draft medicinal material sage conduct
Forest interplanting medicinal material, wherein false-yellowflower milkwort root or herb are biennial seedling, sage is one year seedling;
(1)False-yellowflower milkwort root or herb nursery:The first two years are colonized, adopts after September part seed maturity and broadcasts, on whole good seedbed,
High density broadcasts sowing one layer of seed, and seed is covered with baked wheaten cake soil, then after covering one layer of straw, upper cover arch membrane, with heat and moisture preserving, 20
It or so seed is gradually sprouted;
Since false-yellowflower milkwort root or herb Seedling Stage is more fragile, in order to improve survival rate and growth rate, spring next year temperature reaches
15oWhen C or so, false-yellowflower milkwort root or herb seedling is shifted into seedbed, planting density 5cm × 10cm, the wide 1.2~1.5m in seedbed compartment, compartment ditch
20~22cm of distance, surrounding have managed gutter;
Decomposed dung 500kg is applied before whole compartment per acre, ploughs under and makees base manure in soil, then whole carefully to rake, false-yellowflower milkwort root or herb children
After seedling turns seedbed, easy shade is built using the sunshade net of shading rate 70% for seedling Keep away from sun;
(2)Sage nursery:It plants the previous year, puts after seed collection and preserved as cold compartment of refrigerator, 9~10 month temperatures
20~25oIt is sowed when C;
Since red root grass seed is tiny, seed is uniformly mixed by when sowing with river sand, is sown in together on whole good seedbed,
Seed is covered with baked wheaten cake soil, then covers one layer of straw, with heat and moisture preserving, seed is gradually sprouted within 10 days or so, after weather turns cold
Lid arch membrane heat-insulation moisture-preservation again.
7. the interplanting configuration of woods medicine:First in Pterospermi Heterophylli row interplant false-yellowflower milkwort root or herb, then in false-yellowflower milkwort root or herb row interplant
Sage;After specifically early spring rain, the biennial false-yellowflower milkwort root or herb seedling of plant height 40cm or so is pressed to the density kind of 60cm × 100cm
It plants in Pterospermi Heterophylli in the ranks, apart from Pterospermi Heterophylli tree row both sides 50cm when cultivation, spring temperature is 15~20oIt is when C, forest land weeds are clear
Reason is clean, plants in false-yellowflower milkwort root or herb in the ranks true leaf 6 by the density of 20cm × 25cm to above sage seedling after rain, plants
Apart from Pterospermi Heterophylli tree row both sides 50cm when training.
8. top dressing weeding:1 fertilizer is respectively applied in March, May and September, first weeding before applying fertilizer, each 60kg, fertilizer are per acre
Fertilizer is uniformly spread in forest land by the composite fertilizer containing N, P, K each 15% before raining.
9. sage harvests and replants:Second year sage in April bud stage whole strain harvesting, rainy day after harvesting after plantation
Press the annual sage seedling of density after-culture of 20cm × 25cm again, April in third year sage bud stage whole strain harvesting again.
10. the harvest of false-yellowflower milkwort root or herb:False-yellowflower milkwort root or herb is raw medicinal herbs for many years, and main purchase position is root at present,
It is spaced whole strain harvest after planting October in third year or so seed maturity, hereafter can plant the stronger hayashishita grass of other shade tolerancees again
This medicinal material.
The advantages and positive effects of the present invention:
The present invention all establishes the vertical of a set of " arbor+shrub+draft " in Karst Mountain rejected reasons using valuable ingredient of traditional Chinese medicine
Bluk recombination cropping pattern interplants perennial shrub medicinal material chrysanthemum in precious arbor medicinal material Pterospermi Heterophylli initial planting solid and pours
Lotus, and biennial draft medicinal material sage is interplanted under false-yellowflower milkwort root or herb.Before false-yellowflower milkwort root or herb forms yield, it can harvest per acre
891.9 kg of sage, at the same it is little to the growth effect of false-yellowflower milkwort root or herb and Pterospermi Heterophylli, planting income is improved, is saved the area
And form unique landscape.The outstanding advantages of the present invention are made full use of according to the growth characteristic of plant using ecological niche principle
The season of growth, realizing reduces cultivation cost, improves the purpose of planting income, and cultural method is simple, easy large-scale promotion,
Play the role of to Karst Mountain revegetation, precious medicinal plant protection and the local masses' income of raising very positive.
Specific implementation mode
The content of present invention is further described with reference to embodiment, but is not limitation of the invention.
Embodiment 1
In karst region, rejected reasons are three-dimensional multiple using " arbor+shrub+draft " i.e. " Pterospermi Heterophylli+false-yellowflower milkwort root or herb+sage "
The method of syntype interplanting, includes the following steps:
1. forest land selects:In Karst mountains in south China, selection fertile soil, draining is good, the level land or gentle slope of ponding are not abandoned
Arable land is as Chinese medicine solid composite plant.
2. forest land is cleared up:Artificial remove removes all weeds and miscellaneous filling wood in forest land.
3. digging Pterospermi Heterophylli field planting hole:Seeding row spacing be 4m × 4m, set row south-north direction, field planting hole specification be 80cm × 80cm ×
60cm。
4. Pterospermi Heterophylli is colonized:Winter selects the biennial Pterospermi Heterophylli seedling direct planting of healthy growth, 1.0~1.5m of plant height,
Every plant is applied the decomposed pig manures of 4 kg as base manure.
5. site preparation:Before forest interplanting, weeds in Pterospermi Heterophylli forest land are removed, then plough shallowly 1 time, plowed soils depth is at least
30cm, and decomposed dung or 500-1000kg of compost are applied per acre, it ploughs under and makees base manure in soil, it is then whole carefully to rake.
6. interplanting medicinal material nursery:Perennial shrub medicinal material false-yellowflower milkwort root or herb and biennial draft medicinal material sage is selected to make
For forest interplanting medicinal material, wherein false-yellowflower milkwort root or herb is biennial seedling, sage is one year seedling;
(1)False-yellowflower milkwort root or herb nursery:The first two years are colonized, adopts after September part seed maturity and broadcasts, on whole good seedbed,
High density broadcasts sowing one layer of seed, and seed is covered with baked wheaten cake soil, then after covering one layer of straw, upper cover arch membrane, with heat and moisture preserving, 20
It or so seed is gradually sprouted;
Since false-yellowflower milkwort root or herb Seedling Stage is more fragile, in order to improve survival rate and growth rate, spring next year temperature reaches
15oWhen C or so, false-yellowflower milkwort root or herb seedling is shifted into seedbed, planting density 5cm × 10cm, the wide 1.2m in seedbed compartment, compartment ditch distance
20cm, surrounding have managed gutter;
Decomposed dung 500kg is applied before whole compartment per acre, ploughs under and makees base manure in soil, then whole carefully to rake, false-yellowflower milkwort root or herb children
After seedling turns seedbed, easy shade is built using the sunshade net of shading rate 70% for seedling Keep away from sun;
(2)Sage nursery:It plants the previous year, puts after seed collection and preserved as cold compartment of refrigerator, 9~10 month temperatures
20~25oIt is sowed when C;
Since red root grass seed is tiny, seed is uniformly mixed by when sowing with river sand, is sown in together on whole good seedbed,
Seed is covered with baked wheaten cake soil, then covers one layer of straw, with heat and moisture preserving, seed is gradually sprouted within 10 days or so, after weather turns cold
Lid arch membrane heat-insulation moisture-preservation again.
7. the interplanting configuration of woods medicine:First in Pterospermi Heterophylli row interplant false-yellowflower milkwort root or herb, then in false-yellowflower milkwort root or herb row interplant
Sage;After specifically early spring rain, the biennial false-yellowflower milkwort root or herb seedling of plant height 40cm or so is pressed to the density kind of 60cm × 100cm
It plants in Pterospermi Heterophylli in the ranks, apart from Pterospermi Heterophylli tree row both sides 50cm when cultivation.Spring temperature is 15~20oIt is when C, forest land weeds are clear
Reason is clean, plants in false-yellowflower milkwort root or herb in the ranks true leaf 6 by the density of 20cm × 25cm to above sage seedling after rain, plants
Apart from Pterospermi Heterophylli tree row both sides 50cm when training.
8. top dressing weeding:1 fertilizer is respectively applied in March, May and September, first weeding before applying fertilizer, each 60kg, fertilizer are per acre
Fertilizer is uniformly spread in forest land by the composite fertilizer containing N, P, K each 15% before raining.
9. sage harvests and replants:Second year sage in April bud stage whole strain harvesting, rainy day after harvesting after plantation
Press the annual sage seedling of density after-culture of 20cm × 25cm again, April in third year sage bud stage whole strain harvesting again.The
2 years per mu yield dry weights are up to 455.4 kg, and third year per mu yield dry weight is up to 436.5 kg.
10. false-yellowflower milkwort root or herb harvests:Whole strain harvest, whole strain per mu yield are spaced after plantation third year false-yellowflower milkwort root or herb seed maturity
Dry weight is up to 560.2kg, and root dry weight is up to 250.1kg.False-yellowflower milkwort root or herb is that raw medicinal herbs, current main purchase position are for many years
Root can be spaced whole strain harvest after planting October in third year or so seed maturity, it is stronger hereafter can to replant other shade tolerancees
Hayashishita draft medicinal material.
Embodiment 2
In karst region, rejected reasons carry out three-dimensional compound sleeve using " arbor+shrub " i.e. " Pterospermi Heterophylli+false-yellowflower milkwort root or herb " pattern
Kind, the implantation methods of Pterospermi Heterophylli and false-yellowflower milkwort root or herb are the same as example 1.
Embodiment 3
In karst region, rejected reasons carry out three-dimensional compound interplanting using " arbor+draft " i.e. " Pterospermi Heterophylli+sage " pattern,
Pterospermi Heterophylli and the implantation methods of sage are the same as example 1.
Following table 1 and table 2 show that 1 to 3 neutral body of example plants plant forms and the production of sage in second and third year April
Measure parameter and the form and yield parameters of Pterospermi Heterophylli in October and false-yellowflower milkwort root or herb;Consider every shape of three kinds of plants
State and yield parameters, " Pterospermi Heterophylli+false-yellowflower milkwort root or herb+sage " solid Compound Planting Model are better than false-yellowflower milkwort root or herb and sage
It is individually interplanted with Pterospermi Heterophylli, before false-yellowflower milkwort root or herb forms yield, 891.9 kg of sage can be harvested per acre, while falling to chrysanthemum
The growth effect of water lotus and Pterospermi Heterophylli is little, improves planting income, improves land utilization ratio.
Table 1:The form and yield of each medicinal material of second year under different composite cropping pattern
Table 2:Under different composite cropping pattern third year each medicinal material form and yield
Claims (3)
1. a kind of method for interplanting Chinese medicine using three-dimensional composite mode in karst region rejected reasons, it is characterized in that including following step
Suddenly:
(1)Forest land selects:In Karst mountains in south China, select that fertile soil, draining be good, the not level land of ponding or gentle slope old-field
As Chinese medicine solid composite plant;
(2) forest land is cleared up:Artificial remove removes all weeds and miscellaneous filling wood in forest land;
(3) Pterospermi Heterophylli field planting hole is dug:Seeding row spacing be 4m × 4m, set row south-north direction, field planting hole specification be 80cm × 80cm ×
60cm;
(4) Pterospermi Heterophylli is colonized:Select the biennial Pterospermi Heterophylli seedling of healthy growth, 1.0~1.5m of plant height fixed after winter rain
It plants, every plant is applied the decomposed pig manures of 4 kg as base manure;
(5) site preparation:Before forest interplanting, weeds in Pterospermi Heterophylli forest land are removed, then plough shallowly 1 time, plowed soils depth is at least
30cm, and decomposed dung or 500~1000kg of compost are applied per acre, it ploughs under and makees base manure in soil, it is then whole carefully to rake;
(6) medicinal material nursery is interplanted:Select perennial shrub medicinal material false-yellowflower milkwort root or herb and biennial draft medicinal material sage as woods
Lower interplanting medicinal material, wherein false-yellowflower milkwort root or herb are biennial seedling, sage is one year seedling;
(7) woods medicine interplanting configuration:It is then red in false-yellowflower milkwort root or herb row interplant first in Pterospermi Heterophylli row interplant false-yellowflower milkwort root or herb
Root grass;
(8) top dressing weeding:Respectively apply 1 fertilizer in March, May and September, first weeding before applying fertilizer, each 60kg per acre, fertilizer be containing
Fertilizer is uniformly spread in forest land by the N, composite fertilizer of P, K each 15% before raining;
(9) sage harvests and replants:Second year sage in the April bud stage whole strain harvesting after plantation, the rainy day is again after harvesting
By the annual sage seedling of the density after-culture of 20cm × 25cm, April in third year sage bud stage whole strain harvesting again;
(10) harvest of false-yellowflower milkwort root or herb:It is spaced after false-yellowflower milkwort root or herb seed maturity in or so October in third year after planting whole
Strain harvest, hereafter plants the stronger hayashishita draft medicinal material of other shade tolerancees again.
2. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that:Step(6)The interplanting medicinal material nursery includes the following steps,
(1)False-yellowflower milkwort root or herb nursery:The first two years are colonized, adopts after September part seed maturity and broadcasts, on whole good seedbed, high density is spread
One layer of seed is broadcast, seed is covered with baked wheaten cake soil, then after covering one layer of straw, upper cover arch membrane is planted for 20 days or so with heat and moisture preserving
Son is gradually sprouted;
Since false-yellowflower milkwort root or herb Seedling Stage is more fragile, in order to improve survival rate and growth rate, spring next year temperature is up to 15oC is left
When right, false-yellowflower milkwort root or herb seedling is shifted into seedbed, planting density 5cm × 10cm, the wide 1.2~1.5m in seedbed compartment, compartment ditch distance 20
~22cm, surrounding have managed gutter;
Decomposed dung 500kg is applied before whole compartment per acre, ploughs under and makees base manure in soil, then whole carefully to rake, false-yellowflower milkwort root or herb seedling is afraid of
It shines, after seedling turns seedbed, easy shade is built using the sunshade net of shading rate 70%;
(2)Sage nursery:It plants the previous year, cold compartment of refrigerator preservation is positioned over after seed collection, 9~10 month temperatures exist
20~25oIt is sowed when C;
Since red root grass seed is tiny, seed is uniformly mixed by when sowing with river sand, is sown in together on whole good seedbed, with fire
Earth burning covers seed, then covers one layer of straw, and with heat and moisture preserving, seed is gradually sprouted within 10 days or so, and weather covers again after turning cold
Arch membrane heat-insulation moisture-preservation.
3. according to the method described in claim 1, it is characterized in that:Step(7)The described woods medicine interplanting configuration be after early spring rain,
The biennial false-yellowflower milkwort root or herb seedling of plant height 40cm or so is planted in Pterospermi Heterophylli by the density of 60cm × 100cm in the ranks, when cultivation
Apart from Pterospermi Heterophylli tree row both sides 50cm, spring temperature is 15~20oWhen C, forest land weeds are cleaned out, it is after rain that true leaf 6 is right
Above sage seedling is planted in false-yellowflower milkwort root or herb in the ranks by the density of 20cm × 25cm, apart from Pterospermi Heterophylli tree row two when cultivation
Side 50cm.
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CN108849209A (en) * | 2018-08-20 | 2018-11-23 | 王远能 | The artificial cultivation method of false-yellowflower milkwort root or herb interplanting Dysosma versipellis |
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CN114025604A (en) * | 2019-04-11 | 2022-02-08 | 湖南诺泽生物科技有限公司 | Interplanting method for arbor, shrub and herb traditional Chinese medicinal materials |
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CN113068558B (en) * | 2021-03-18 | 2022-06-28 | 广西壮族自治区中国科学院广西植物研究所 | Dual-purpose ecological planting method for sweet tea fruits and leaves |
CN114246097A (en) * | 2021-11-11 | 2022-03-29 | 广西壮族自治区中国科学院广西植物研究所 | Karst environment shortage medicinal material-characteristic landscape-ecological restoration three-dimensional mode construction method |
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