CN105674850B

CN105674850B - A kind of multi-functional gravel measuring instrument

Info

Publication number: CN105674850B
Application number: CN201610199942.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 柴明锐; 张昌民; 赵康; 熊千
Original assignee: Yangtze University
Current assignee: Yangtze University
Priority date: 2016-03-31
Filing date: 2016-03-31
Publication date: 2018-09-25
Anticipated expiration: 2036-03-31
Also published as: CN105674850A

Abstract

The present invention provides a kind of multi-functional gravel measuring instruments, are made of measurement mainboard, datum plate and pointer, and the side for measuring mainboard and datum plate is hinged, and it is transparent panel to measure mainboard, datum plate and pointer；The bottom edge for measuring mainboard is equipped with length scale A, middle part is equipped with the angle index of semicircular arc, angle index constitutes measurement zone with length scale A, be equipped with the different line of demarcation of 1 or more radius in measurement zone, line of demarcation in semicircular arc and with the concyclic heart of angle index；Pointer is equipped with length scale B, and the zero graduation of length scale B is overlapped with the center of circle of angle index, and length is not less than the radius of the semi arch where angle index；Datum plate is equipped with the accommodating groove exactly matched with pointer shape, and accommodating groove is symmetrical along the hinged side for measuring mainboard and datum plate with pointer；The multi-functional gravel measuring instrument is foldable, can carry out the measurement at inclination angle and grain size to the gravel in three-dimensional rock core simultaneously and determine the type of gravel.

Description

A kind of multi-functional gravel measuring instrument

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of gravel measuring instruments, belong to geological prospecting measuring appliance technical field.

Background technology

Geologist needs to measure rock core cobble-stone inclination angle by protractor in core observation, that is, it is long to measure gravel The angle of axis and rock core cross section studies its directionality, and needs to measure gravel long axis size using ruler, judges its gravel (according to gravel long axis size, gravel is divided into granule 2~8mm, small 8~16mm of boulderet, big 16~32mm of boulderet, cobble to type> 32mm)。

Geological research increasingly tends to quantification at present, not yet finds that forefathers carry out rock core gravel directionality in the prior art It crosses and determines quantifier elimination, be also a blank in terms of the protractor of corresponding gravel inclination angle, even if geologist will carry out rock at present The quantitative study of heart gravel directionality also can only be operated in reality by means of two tools of ruler and protractor, current measurement There is problems in operation：1. it is difficult to observe by the naked eye, human hand swing protractor makes its zero graduation line and rock core cross section With measurement surface keeping parallelism, for common protractor, there is a problem in that, due to protractor graduation mark, compared with The inclination angle of big gravel is easier to measure, and the inclination angle of smaller gravel, measures relatively difficult, or even is unable to measure；2. carrying Protractor and ruler and do not stop transformation tool gravel is measured, brings great inconvenience to worker, be unfavorable for rock Heart gravel measures the progress of efficient work, and precision and measuring speed also are difficult to meet the needs of geologist.

Invention content

It is an object of the invention to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, and provide a kind of multi-functional gravel measuring instrument, can oppose Gravel in body rock core carries out the measurement at inclination angle and grain size and determines that the type of gravel, high certainty of measurement are easy to use.

Technical solution is a kind of multi-functional gravel measuring instrument, by measurement mainboard, benchmark used by realizing the object of the invention Plate and pointer are constituted, and the side for measuring mainboard and datum plate is hinged, and the bottom end of pointer is articulated with the center for measuring mainboard bottom edge, are surveyed It is transparent panel to measure mainboard, datum plate and pointer；The bottom edge for measuring mainboard is equipped with length scale A, middle part is equipped with semicircle The both ends of the angle index of arc, angle index are overlapped with the both ends of length scale A, and angle index is constituted with length scale A and surveyed Area is measured, is equipped with the different line of demarcation of 1 or more radius in measurement zone, line of demarcation is in semicircular arc and concyclic with angle index The heart；Length scale B is provided along its length on pointer, the zero graduation of length scale B is overlapped with the center of circle of angle index, length The length of scale B is not less than the radius of the semi arch where angle index；The datum plate is equipped with and complete of pointer shape The accommodating groove matched, accommodating groove are symmetrical along the hinged side for measuring mainboard and datum plate with pointer.

3 and the line of demarcation of the semicircular arc of the concyclic heart of angle index, the radius in each line of demarcation are equipped in the measurement zone It is identical as the grain size cut off value of the affiliated particle size interval of the gravel of setting.

The bottom edge for measuring mainboard and datum plate is located along the same line.

The angle index is made of the 1/4 circular arc scale that two meter full scales are 0 °~90 °, and 90 ° of graduation marks are located at angle Spend the center of scale.

The datum plate be equipped with psephicity comparison chart and/or sedimentation object plate and/or stratum stratification plate and/or Stratum age plate.

The top of the pointer is tapered, and the maximum scale of length scale B is located at the vertex of tapered tip, tapered tip Vertex is located on the semi arch where angle index.

Measurement mainboard is equipped with air-bubble level, and air-bubble level insertion measures in mainboard and its upper surface is led with measurement The upper surface flush of plate.

The datum plate is made of upper plate and lower plate, offers cavity in upper plate, lower plate be equipped with protrude outward and with Lower plate spacing adjustable column in the same plane, spacing adjustable column match with cavity, and the surface of the spacing adjustable column is set There are waveform tooth, the cavity wall of cavity to be equipped with the wave shape groove to match with the shape tooth that cleaves.

Measurement mainboard is equipped with compass, and compass insertion measures the upper table of in mainboard and its upper surface and measurement mainboard Face flushes.

As shown from the above technical solution, multi-functional gravel measuring instrument main body provided by the invention is by measurement mainboard, datum plate It is constituted with pointer, measures mainboard surface setting length scale A and angle index, the survey at grain size of gravel and inclination angle can be carried out respectively Amount, since geological prospecting cobble-stone is distributed on column rock core, column rock core is stereochemical structure, for rock core structure, this hair The side that mainboard and datum plate are measured in the gravel measuring instrument of bright offer is hinged, by hinged measurement mainboard and datum plate when measurement Certain angle is unfolded, bottom edge and the rock core of mainboard are measured when measuring mainboard and tangent with the side surface of rock core datum plate Cross section is parallel, and the bottom edge for measuring mainboard at this time is datum line, and plane survey is only realized compared to existing angle measurement unit, Multi-functional gravel measuring instrument provided by the present application can carry out the measurement at gravel inclination angle in stereochemical structure, and by measure mainboard and Datum plate determines datum line jointly, and measurement accuracy is greatly improved；The bottom end of pointer is articulated with the center for measuring mainboard bottom edge, pointer On length scale B of the length not less than the semicircle arc radius where angle index is set along its length, pointer can be around hinged Point rotation, angle index and length scale B can be completely covered the measurement zone of entire semicircle shape, rotary indicator make pointer with it is to be measured The angle of the long overlapping of axles of amount gravel, pointer and angle index intersection is the inclination angle of the gravel, passes through the length on pointer Spend scale B can the synchro measure gravel long axis length.

1 or more radius different line of demarcation is set in measurement zone, grain belonging to the radius in each line of demarcation and the gravel of setting The grain size cut off value in diameter section is identical, i.e., each line of demarcation respectively represents the critical value of various grain size of gravel, two neighboring semi arch It is the range of particular types gravel between line of demarcation, since industry cobble-stone is divided into four types according to its long axis size, Therefore line of demarcation is set as 3, i.e. measurement zone is divided into 4 particle size intervals by 3 lines of demarcation, is followed successively by from top to bottom thick Gravel, big boulderet, small boulderet and granule, the section when measuring gravel inclination angle and long axis size residing for the upper end of observation gravel long axis Determination gravel type that can be faster；Ranging from 0 °~90 ° based on gravel inclination angle, angle in measuring instrument provided by the invention Scale is made of the 1/4 circular arc scale that two meter full scales are 0 °~90 °, and 90 ° of graduation marks are located at the center of angle index, compare In existing 0 °~180 ° of protractor, it is more convenient the reading at gravel inclination angle.

The accommodating groove that setting is exactly matched with pointer shape on datum plate, it is hinged with datum plate due to measuring mainboard, The multi-functional gravel measuring instrument is foldable, and pointer is located in accommodating groove when folding so that and it measures mainboard and is bonded completely with datum plate, Make the volume of the measuring instrument minimum while protecting pointer；Be arranged on datum plate psephicity comparison chart, sedimentation object plate, Stratum stratification plate, stratum age plate, by can determine that the psephicity of gravel, stratum are heavy according to psephicity comparison chart when measurement Product object plate, stratum stratification plate, stratum age plate can facilitate geologist to carry out petrographic description.

It measures mainboard and is equipped with air-bubble level, judge whether measurement mainboard is parallel with measuring surface by air-bubble level, Improve measurement accuracy；Datum plate is made of upper plate and lower plate, and upper plate and lower plate are connected by the spacing adjustable column and cavity to match Connect, the surface of spacing adjustable column is equipped with waveform tooth, and the cavity wall of cavity is equipped with wave shape groove, spacing adjustable column and cavity it Between can occur relative displacement, and then adjust the spacing between upper plate and lower plate, to the rock core suitable for all size, ensure Mainboard is measured when measurement to adjust between upper plate and lower plate when measurement with the measurement surface keeping parallelism of the rock core of different-diameter Spacing makes datum plate be contacted with rock core side wall, coordinates the position traverse measurement mainboard of bubble in air-bubble level, it is ensured that measures Mainboard is parallel with measuring surface.

It measures mainboard and is equipped with compass, can indicate direction, therefore the gravel measuring instrument can not only be used for measuring gravel Stone, can be also used for the geological survey work of various aspects, for example measure the inclination angle of rock core interrupting layer, the inclination angle of cross-bedding lamina It measures in mainboard and its upper surface and the upper surface flush for measuring mainboard Deng, air-bubble level and compass are embedded, avoids Air-bubble level and compass are damaged because wiping is touched in use.

Description of the drawings

Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of multi-functional gravel measuring instrument provided by the invention.

The structural schematic diagram of plate on the basis of Fig. 2.

Fig. 3 uses schematic diagram for multi-functional gravel measuring instrument provided by the invention.

Wherein, 1- measures mainboard, 2- datum plates, 3- pointers, 4- shafts, 5- length scales A, 6- angle index, 7- boundary Line, 8- accommodating grooves, 9- length scales B, 10- air-bubble level, 11- compasses, 12- psephicity comparison charts, 13- sedimentation objects Plate, the stratum 14- stratification plate, 15- gravels, 16- rock cores, 17- upper plates, 18- lower plates, 19- cavitys, 20- spacing adjustable columns, 21- wave shape grooves, 22- waveform teeth.

Specific implementation mode

The present invention is illustrated in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, present disclosure is not limited to following Embodiment.

Multi-functional gravel measuring instrument provided by the invention, structure is as shown in Figure 1, by measurement mainboard 1, datum plate 2 and refer to Needle 3 is constituted, and the side for measuring mainboard and datum plate is hinged by shaft 4 and measures the bottom edge of mainboard and datum plate positioned at same On straight line, the bottom end of pointer is articulated with the center for measuring mainboard bottom edge, and it is transparent panel to measure mainboard, datum plate and pointer；

The bottom edge for measuring mainboard 1 is equipped with length scale A5, middle part is equipped with the angle index 6 of semicircular arc, angle Scale is made of the 1/4 circular arc scale that two meter full scales are 0 °~90 °, and 90 ° of graduation marks are located at the center of angle index, angle Two 0 ° of graduation marks of scale are overlapped with the both ends of length scale A respectively, and angle index constitutes measurement zone with length scale A, are surveyed The line of demarcation 7 that 3 and the semicircular arc of the concyclic heart of angle index are equipped in area is measured, the radius in each line of demarcation is different, each line of demarcation Radius it is identical as the grain size cut off value of the affiliated particle size interval of the gravel of setting, measurement zone is divided into 4 grains by 3 lines of demarcation Diameter section is followed successively by cobble, big boulderet, small boulderet and granule from top to bottom, measures mainboard 1 and is equipped with air-bubble level 10, gas The insertion of soaked level 10 measures the upper surface flush of in mainboard and its upper surface and measurement mainboard, measures mainboard and is equipped with guide Needle 11, compass insertion measure the upper surface flush of in mainboard and its upper surface and measurement mainboard；

Length scale B9, the zero graduation of length scale B and the center of circle weight of angle index are provided along its length on pointer 3 It closes, the top of pointer is tapered, and the maximum scale of length scale B is located at the vertex of tapered tip, and the vertex of tapered tip is located at On semi arch where angle index；

Referring to Fig. 2, the datum plate is made of upper plate 17 and lower plate 18, cavity 19 is offered in upper plate, lower plate is equipped with It protrudes outward and the spacing adjustable column 20 in the same plane with lower plate, spacing adjustable column matches with cavity, between described Surface away from adjustable column is equipped with waveform tooth 22, and the cavity wall of cavity is equipped with the wave shape groove 21 to match with the shape tooth that cleaves； Datum plate is equipped with the accommodating groove 8 exactly matched with pointer shape, and accommodating groove 8 is with pointer 3 along the hinge for measuring mainboard and datum plate It is symmetrical to connect side, datum plate 2 is equipped with psephicity comparison chart 12, sedimentation object plate 13 and stratum stratification plate 14, Psephicity comparison chart 12 includes round shape comparison chart, secondary round shape comparison chart, subangular comparison chart and angular comparison chart, and stratum is heavy Product object plate 13 includes phytoclasts plate, chiltern band plate, shale band plate, sandstone lens plate, gravel matter band Plate and carbon dust plate, stratum stratification plate 14 include horizontal bedding plate, sediment ripples stratification plate, plate cross bedding plate, Trough cross-stratification plate, parallel bedding plate, water escape structure plate, intrusion tectonics plate and Deformation Bedding plate.

In actual use, referring to Fig. 3, certain angle is unfolded in hinged measurement mainboard 1 and datum plate 2 when measurement, will be surveyed Amount mainboard 1 and datum plate 2 are bonded with 16 side wall of rock core, and observation air-bubble level adjusts the length of datum plate 2 simultaneously, makes measurement The bottom edge of mainboard 1 is parallel with the cross section of rock core 16, that is, finds the datum line for measuring inclination angle；Subsequent slowly traverse measurement mainboard 1, Until measuring the bottom end in the center of circle (hinged place of pointer 3) of 1 upper angle scale of mainboard and 15 long axis of gravel of 16 side surface of rock core It overlaps, the long overlapping of axles on scale (or side of pointer) and gravel 15 on rotating pointer 3 to pointer, at this time the vertex of pointer 3 Angle with the point of intersection of semicircle camber line where angle index is the inclination angle of gravel thus, while can be according to the gravel long axis top End falls the particle size interval for carrying out this gravel of intuitive judgment in the range for dividing gravel grain size intervals semicircle, and goes back simultaneously as needed The length data that long axis can be directly read on pointer, not only measures the inclination angle of gravel, also measures the grain of gravel in this way Diameter and affiliated particle size interval, each plate on datum plate 2 facilitate geologist to carry out petrographic description.

Claims

1. a kind of multi-functional gravel measuring instrument, it is characterised in that：Be made of measurement mainboard, datum plate and pointer, measure mainboard and The side of datum plate is hinged, and the bottom end of pointer is articulated with the center for measuring mainboard bottom edge, measures mainboard, datum plate and pointer and is Transparent panel；The bottom edge for measuring mainboard is equipped with length scale A, middle part is equipped with the angle index of semicircular arc, angle index Both ends overlapped with the both ends of length scale A, angle index constitutes measurement zone with length scale A, and 1 or more is equipped in measurement zone The different line of demarcation of radius, line of demarcation in semicircular arc and with the concyclic heart of angle index；It is provided along its length on pointer Length scale B, the zero graduation of length scale B are overlapped with the center of circle of angle index, and the length of length scale B is not less than angle index The radius of the semi arch at place；The datum plate is equipped with the accommodating groove exactly matched with pointer shape, accommodating groove and pointer edge The hinged side for measuring mainboard and datum plate is symmetrical.

2. multi-functional gravel measuring instrument according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：3 and angle are equipped in the measurement zone Spend the line of demarcation of the semicircular arc of the concyclic heart of scale, the grain size point of the radius in each line of demarcation and the affiliated particle size interval of the gravel of setting Dividing value is identical.

3. multi-functional gravel measuring instrument according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Measure the bottom edge position of mainboard and datum plate In on same straight line.

4. multi-functional gravel measuring instrument according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The angle index is by two scale models The 1/4 circular arc scale composition for 0 °~90 ° is enclosed, 90 ° of graduation marks are located at the center of angle index.

5. multi-functional gravel measuring instrument according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The datum plate is equipped with psephicity ratio To figure and/or sedimentation object plate and/or stratum stratification plate and/or stratum age plate.

6. multi-functional gravel measuring instrument according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The top of the pointer is tapered, long The maximum scale of degree scale B is located at the vertex of tapered tip, and the vertex of tapered tip is located on the semi arch where angle index.

7. multi-functional gravel measuring instrument according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：It measures mainboard and is equipped with bubble level Instrument, air-bubble level insertion measure the upper surface flush of in mainboard and its upper surface and measurement mainboard.

8. multi-functional gravel measuring instrument according to claim 7, it is characterised in that：The datum plate is by upper plate and lower plate structure At, offering cavity in upper plate, lower plate, which is equipped with, to be protruded outward and the spacing adjustable column in the same plane with lower plate, Match away from adjustable column and cavity, the surface of the spacing adjustable column is equipped with waveform tooth, and the cavity wall of cavity is equipped with and wave The wave shape groove that shape tooth matches.

9. multi-functional gravel measuring instrument according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：It measures mainboard and is equipped with compass, refer to Compass insertion measures the upper surface flush of in mainboard and its upper surface and measurement mainboard.