CN105648259A - Copper base-graphite positive gradient composite and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Copper base-graphite positive gradient composite and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN105648259A CN105648259A CN201610078057.2A CN201610078057A CN105648259A CN 105648259 A CN105648259 A CN 105648259A CN 201610078057 A CN201610078057 A CN 201610078057A CN 105648259 A CN105648259 A CN 105648259A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/10—Alloys containing non-metals
- C22C1/1005—Pretreatment of the non-metallic additives
- C22C1/1015—Pretreatment of the non-metallic additives by preparing or treating a non-metallic additive preform
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D19/00—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product
- B22D19/0081—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product pretreatment of the insert, e.g. for enhancing the bonding between insert and surrounding cast metal
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/10—Alloys containing non-metals
- C22C1/1036—Alloys containing non-metals starting from a melt
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
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Abstract
The invention discloses a copper base-graphite positive gradient composite and a preparation method thereof. The copper base-graphite positive gradient composite is prepared by compounding copper alloy and a three-dimensional porous graphite skeleton with the positive gradient structure feature. During preparation, a three-dimensional porous graphite skeleton green body with the positive gradient structure feature is prepared by utilizing a selected laser sintering forming technology firstly, then carbonization treatment is carried out on the three-dimensional porous graphite skeleton green body to obtain the three-dimensional porous graphite skeleton, liquid solder is coated on the three-dimensional porous graphite skeleton through a dipping manner, and finally, copper alloy liquid metal is poured in the three-dimensional porous graphite skeleton by adopting a casting manner to obtain the needed copper base-graphite positive gradient self-lubricating composite. The preparation method ensures the graphite content to be in positive gradient change from the outside to the inside, graphite to be uniformly distributed on the arbitrary frictional wear surface and the copper alloy to form a continuous network structure in a composite system, and thus excellent electric and thermal conductivities and excellent mechanical property of a copper matrix are fully exerted.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of copper base-graphite positive gradient matrix material and its preparation method, belong to self-lubricating friction materials preparing technical field, particularly relate to the preparation of positive gradient self-lubricating composite friction material.
Background technology
Copper base-graphite matrix material is a kind of excellent self-lubricating friction materials, is widely used in manufacturing the mechanical component such as pantograph pan, brush and self-oiling bearing. Copper base-graphite positive gradient matrix material by control each component in the composite distribution gradient and improve its friction and wear behavior. When content of graphite presents (content of graphite from outward appearance to inner essence linearly reduces) when positive gradient changes in composite system, under friction load effect, owing to the intensity on matrix top layer is all the time lower than the intensity of sublayer matrix, thus crackle cannot extend expansion in Copper substrate, thus improve the wear resistance of matrix, the development of copper base-graphite matrix material and application tool are of great significance by this.
The preparation of current gradient composites mainly contains two kinds: one is lay-up method, and another kind is common settling process. First two kinds of powder are pressed different ratios proportioning, mixing by lay-up method, are pressed into thin slice, then change requirement according to compositional gradient, are assembled in graphite jig by the flake alignment of compacting, carry out high temperature hot pressing sinter molding, obtain gradient composites. Due to the existence of thickness, lay-up method is taked to be difficult to ensure in the positive gradient change of solid lubricant in composite system. Common settling process be utilize different densities, the powder particle of different size there is the principle of different settling velocity in a liquid, namely the powdered material lowering speed that density is big is bigger, the powdered material lowering speed that density is little is little, by powder Homogeneous phase mixing different for two kinds of density and be distributed in liquid, allow its free setting, so that the powder that in settled layer, bottom density is big is more, the material upper strata large percentage that density is low, form the Gradient distribution of component from bottom to up, after compacting sintering, form gradient composites. The graded of powder autologous density, particle diameter is required higher by common settling process, and industrial production is difficult to ensure.
Above-mentioned two kinds of preparation method's technological process not only more complicated, and it is difficult to ensure that solid lubricant is such as in positive gradient change and the distributing homogeneity on arbitrary section of graphite in Copper substrate, cannot ensure that Copper substrate forms three-dimensional net structure body, it is unfavorable for giving full play to Copper substrate alloy conductive, heat conduction and mechanical property, in addition, because copper alloy and graphite thermal expansivity are inconsistent, during high temperature sintering, both mutual Interface adhesive strengths are more weak, the matrix material porosity obtained is higher, density is on the low side, wear resistance is poor, this greatly limits the development of copper base-graphite matrix material and application.
Summary of the invention
When taking traditional method to prepare copper base-graphite matrix material, not only complex technical process, and restive graphite is positive gradient distribution, the distributing homogeneity of graphite in Copper substrate cannot be ensured, it is unfavorable for constructing Copper substrate three-dimensional net structure, it is difficult to give full play to the respective characteristic of Copper substrate and graphite, in addition, owing to graphite and copper alloy interface bond strength are not enough, cause composite-material abrasive poor.
The present invention is a kind of copper base-graphite positive gradient matrix material and its preparation method. Described copper base-graphite positive gradient matrix material is composited by copper alloy and the three-dimensional porous graphite skeleton with positive gradient structure. Copper alloy is made up of Cu, WC, Sn, and it is that to account for the massfraction of copper be 0.5-1.0% for 1.0-2.0%, Sn that WC accounts for the massfraction of copper, and remaining is Cu, and the purity of each metal group unit is all greater than 99.5%; Prepared porous graphite skeleton control content of graphite and distribution thereof by design, the three-dimensional porous graphite skeleton namely with positive gradient structure refers to that from outward appearance to inner essence content of graphite linearly reduces, and its graded scope is 0.1%��10%; From outward appearance to inner essence on matrix material arbitrary section, Graphite Distribution is relatively uniform. In order to ensure copper alloy matrix and porous graphite skeleton bonding strength, being coated with thickness on described porous graphite skeleton is 0.01-0.5mm transition layer tissue, and this transition layer is the compound that solder NiCrPCu alloy and C, Cu are at high temperature formed. The present invention takes forging type copper alloy liquid to be poured in three-dimensional porous network graphite skeleton, therefore, spontaneously forms three-dimensional net structure at composite inner copper alloy, and this contributes to playing the performances such as the mechanical property of copper alloy, conductive and heat-conductive.
Copper base-graphite positive gradient composite material and preparation method thereof in above-mentioned mainly comprises following step:
Step one: the mixture taking selective laser sintering (SLS) technology sintering graphite and resol, preparation has the three-dimensional porous graphite skeleton base substrate of positive gradient constitutional features;
Step 2: three-dimensional porous graphite skeleton base substrate step one obtained is placed in high temperature carbonization furnace, carries out carbonizing treatment under nitrogen or argon, obtains porous graphite skeleton. Carbonizing treatment can strengthen the intensity of graphite skeleton, caves in prevent being washed out by alloy solution in castingprocesses.
Step 3: flooded by porous graphite skeleton in NiCrPCu solder solution, under 950-1000 DEG C of condition, insulation 5-20min, makes braze-clad skeleton and forms one layer of transition layer tissue with graphite reaction.
Step 4: the porous graphite skeleton after step 3 being processed is arranged in sand mold type molds die cavity, then is poured into a mould wherein by copper alloy solution, the copper base-graphite positive gradient matrix material after cooling to be solidified, needed for acquisition.
The laser sintered mixed powder of described step one is by powdered graphite (150 orders, purity is 99.5%) and Phenolic resin powder (500 order) composition, Phenolic resin powder is as caking agent, Phenolic resin powder accounts for the 25%-50% (being preferably 600 orders, Phenolic resin powder accounts for the 30% of mixed powder total mass) of mixed powder total mass. Utilize selective laser sintering (SLS) technology to prepare porous graphite skeleton base substrate, by SLS model cootrol content of graphite, ensure from outward appearance to inner essence linearly to reduce.
The parameter of the porous graphite skeleton high temperature cabonization process of described step 2 is: when being first heated to 200 DEG C by room temperature, heat-up rate is 60 DEG C/h; It is warmed up to 600 DEG C again with slower heat-up rate 30 DEG C/h; And then it is warmed up to 800 DEG C with 50 DEG C/h; It is incubated 1h at 800 DEG C; Finally naturally cool to room temperature.
The solder of described step 3 is NiCrPCu alloy, under 950-1000 DEG C of condition, porous graphite skeleton is flooded in solder solution, insulation 5-30min, being coated with the transition layer tissue that thickness is 0.01-0.5mm on porous graphite skeleton, this transition layer is the Compound C r that solder NiCrPCu alloy and C, Cu are at high temperature formed3C2��
The present invention has following useful effect:
Patent of the present invention proposes the copper base-graphite matrix material and its preparation method with positive gradient structure. The method makes composite inner content of graphite and distribution thereof completely controlled, content of graphite from outward appearance to inner essence presents linear reduction, higher at composite layer content of graphite, nexine content of graphite is lower, not only ensure that at the frictional wear initial stage, forms self-lubricating film fast, and make the intensity on friction top layer all the time lower than sublayer matrix strength, be conducive to preventing crackle from expanding downwards, finally ensureing while self-lubricating property, it is to increase the wear resistance of matrix material. In addition, due to the continuity of porous graphite skeleton, thus also indirectly ensure that copper alloy matrix forms continuous print three-dimensional net structure in the composite, this is conducive to giving full play to mechanical property, the electrical and thermal conductivity performance of Copper substrate. In addition, adopt high temperature dipping solder mode to form one layer of transition layer between graphite and copper alloy, solve graphite skeleton and the problem of copper alloy interface bond strength deficiency. The method technological process is simple, and cost is low, easily accomplishes scale production.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the invention will be further described:
Fig. 1 is the three-dimensional porous graphite skeleton structure schematic diagram of in embodiment 1,2.
Fig. 2 is the copper alloy of the present invention and the porous graphite skeleton compound schematic diagram with positive gradient constitutional features, and 1. black region is graphite, 2. blank region in follow-up castingprocesses by copper alloy is filled.
Primary process prepared by the copper base-graphite positive gradient matrix material that Fig. 3 is the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention will be further described.
Embodiment 1:
Concrete preparation process is as follows:
Step 1: get powdered graphite (200 orders, purity is 99.5%) and Phenolic resin powder (600 order), selective laser sintering and moulding machine is put into through mixing, wherein Phenolic resin powder is as caking agent, and phenol-formaldehyde resin powder accounts for the 30% of mixed powder total mass mark. The preparation of selective laser sintering (SLS) technology is taked to have porous graphite skeleton base substrate (as shown in Figure 1) of positive gradient structure. From outward appearance to inner essence, content of graphite linearly reduces, and on arbitrary section, Graphite Distribution is relatively uniform. In cross section 1, content of graphite is the 10% of copper alloy massfraction, and in cross section 2, content of graphite is copper alloy massfraction 6.5%, and in cross section 3, content of graphite is the 3% of copper alloy massfraction. Cross section 1, cross section 2 and cross section 3 are frictional wear face. From outward appearance to inner essence from the coarse to fine, variation range is graphite skeleton diameterAnd linearly attenuate, ensure that any frictional wear face surface strength is lower than sublayer intensity, prevents crackle from expanding downwards.
Step 2: graphite skeleton base substrate step one obtained carries out carbonizing treatment at high temperature carbonization furnace, obtains graphite skeleton, and carbonization technique parameter is: carbonization process carries out in nitrogen atmosphere is protected, when being first heated to 200 DEG C by room temperature, heat-up rate is 60 DEG C/h; It is warmed up to 600 DEG C again with slower heat-up rate 30 DEG C/h; And then it is warmed up to 800 DEG C with 50 DEG C/h; It is incubated 1h at 800 DEG C; Finally naturally cool to room temperature.
Step 3: being immersed in by the graphite skeleton after carbonization in the solder solution after melting under 1000 DEG C of conditions, solder is Ni68-Cr12-P10-Cu10 alloy, insulation 15min, makes braze-clad skeleton and forms the transition layer tissue that a layer thickness is about 0.3mm.
Step 4: the porous graphite skeleton after step 3 being processed is inserted in sand mold type molds die cavity, is more directly poured into a mould wherein by copper alloy solution, the copper base-graphite positive gradient matrix material needed for acquisition. Wherein copper alloy is made up of Cu, WC, Sn, and it is that to account for the massfraction of copper be 1% to 2%, Sn that WC accounts for the massfraction of copper, and the purity of each metal group unit is all greater than 99.5%, and remaining is Cu.
Embodiment 2:
Concrete preparation process is as follows:
Step 1: get powdered graphite (250 orders, purity is 99.5%) and Phenolic resin powder (800 order), putting into selective laser sintering and moulding machine through mixing, wherein Phenolic resin powder is as caking agent, and phenol-formaldehyde resin powder accounts for the 50% of mixed powder total mass. The preparation of selective laser sintering (SLS) technology is taked to have porous graphite skeleton base substrate (as shown in Figure 1) of positive gradient structure. From outward appearance to inner essence, content of graphite linearly reduces, and on arbitrary section, Graphite Distribution is relatively uniform. In cross section 1, content of graphite is the 10% of copper alloy massfraction, and in cross section 2, content of graphite is copper alloy massfraction 6.5%, and in cross section 3, content of graphite is the 3% of copper alloy massfraction. Cross section 1, cross section 2 and cross section 3 are frictional wear face. From outward appearance to inner essence from the coarse to fine, variation range is graphite skeleton diameterAnd linearly attenuate, ensure that any frictional wear face surface strength is lower than sublayer intensity, prevents crackle from expanding downwards.
Step 2: the porous graphite skeleton base substrate with positive gradient structure step one obtained carries out carbonizing treatment in high temperature carbonization furnace, obtains porous graphite skeleton. Processing parameter is: carbonization process carries out in nitrogen/argon gas atmosphere protection, and when being first heated to 200 DEG C by room temperature, heat-up rate is 60 DEG C/h; It is warmed up to 600 DEG C again with slower heat-up rate 30 DEG C/h; And then it is warmed up to 800 DEG C with 50 DEG C/h; It is incubated 1h at 800 DEG C; Finally naturally cool to room temperature.
Step 3: being immersed in by the graphite skeleton after carbonization in the solder solution after melting under 950 DEG C of conditions, solder is Ni63-Cr16-P5-Cu16 alloy, and is incubated 8min, makes braze-clad skeleton surface and forms the transition layer tissue that a layer thickness is 0.2mm.
Step 4: the porous graphite skeleton after step 3 being processed is placed in sand mold type molds die cavity, is more directly poured into a mould wherein by copper alloy solution, the copper base-graphite positive gradient matrix material needed for acquisition. Wherein copper alloy is made up of Cu, WC, Sn, and it is that to account for the massfraction of copper be 0.5% to 1%, Sn that WC accounts for the massfraction of copper, and remaining is Cu, and the purity of each metal group unit is all greater than 99.5%.
Above content is to the further description done by the present invention in conjunction with concrete experiment sample; the structure that positive gradient graphite skeleton structure involved in the present invention is only limitted in embodiment can not be assert; for general technical staff of the technical field of the invention; without departing from the inventive concept of the premise; also can make other similar positive gradient three-dimensional porous structures, all should be considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. a copper base-graphite positive gradient matrix material, it is characterised in that, described copper base-graphite positive gradient matrix material is composited by copper alloy and the three-dimensional porous graphite skeleton with positive gradient constitutional features.
2. copper base-graphite positive gradient matrix material according to claim 1, it is characterised in that, described copper alloy is made up of Cu, WC, Sn, the purity of each metal group unit is all greater than 99.5%, wherein WC accounts for the massfraction of copper is that to account for the massfraction of copper be 0.5-1.0% for 1.0-2.0%, Sn, and remaining is Cu.
3. copper base-graphite positive gradient matrix material according to claim 1, it is characterised in that, the described three-dimensional porous graphite skeleton with positive gradient constitutional features refers to that from outward appearance to inner essence content of graphite linearly reduces, and its range of linearity is 0.1��10%; From outward appearance to inner essence on matrix material arbitrary section, Graphite Distribution is relatively uniform.
4. copper base-graphite positive gradient matrix material according to claim 1, it is characterised in that, it is 0.01-0.5mm transition layer tissue that described porous graphite skeleton is coated with thickness, and this transition layer is the compound that solder NiCrPCu alloy and C, Cu are at high temperature formed.
5. the preparation method of copper base-graphite positive gradient matrix material described in the arbitrary item of claim 1-4, it is characterised in that,
Step one: the mixture taking selective laser sintering (SLS) technology sintering graphite and resol, preparation has the three-dimensional porous graphite skeleton base substrate of positive gradient constitutional features;
Step 2: three-dimensional porous graphite skeleton base substrate step one obtained is placed in high temperature carbonization furnace, carries out carbonizing treatment under nitrogen or argon, obtains porous graphite skeleton;
Step 3: flooded by porous graphite skeleton in NiCrPCu solder pyrosol, at porous graphite skeleton Surface coating transition layer tissue;
Step 4: take forging type to be poured into a mould by copper alloy solution in porous graphite skeleton, the copper base-graphite positive gradient matrix material needed for acquisition.
6. the preparation method of copper base-graphite positive gradient matrix material according to claim 5, it is characterised in that, in step one, described PF resin concentration accounts for graphite and the 25-50% of resol mixture, and remaining is powdered graphite; Described resol granularity is more than 500 orders, and described graphite particle size is 150-500 order.
7. the preparation method of copper base-graphite positive gradient matrix material according to claim 5, it is characterised in that, in nitrogen or argon gas atmosphere are protected, carry out carbonizing treatment, when being first heated to 200 DEG C by room temperature, heat-up rate is 60 DEG C/h; It is warmed up to 600 DEG C again with slower heat-up rate 30 DEG C/h; And then it is warmed up to 800 DEG C with 50 DEG C/h; It is incubated 1h at 800 DEG C; Finally naturally cool to room temperature.
8. the preparation method of copper base-graphite positive gradient matrix material according to claim 5, it is characterised in that, the porous graphite skeleton after carbonization is flooded in solder solution, under 950 DEG C of-1000 DEG C of conditions, is incubated 5-30min.
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| CN106334787A (en) * | 2016-10-24 | 2017-01-18 | 三峡大学 | Gradient graphite/aluminum base surface layer self-lubrication composite and preparing method |
| CN106475563A (en) * | 2016-10-31 | 2017-03-08 | 西北有色金属研究院 | A kind of gradient tungsten-copper composite material and preparation method thereof |
| CN106636989A (en) * | 2017-01-09 | 2017-05-10 | 中国科学院宁波材料技术与工程研究所 | Preparation method of high-strength and high-thermal-conductivity graphite-copper composite material |
| CN108620023A (en) * | 2017-03-23 | 2018-10-09 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | A kind of enhanced thermal conduction type metal organic framework formed body and preparation method thereof |
| CN109530655A (en) * | 2018-11-20 | 2019-03-29 | 三峡大学 | A kind of low-speed heave-load copper-base graphite self-lubricating composite members and its manufacturing method |
| CN111906301A (en) * | 2020-08-13 | 2020-11-10 | 合肥工业大学 | Copper-based graphite self-lubricating gradient functional material and preparation method thereof |
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| CN114774706A (en) * | 2022-04-25 | 2022-07-22 | 柳州职业技术学院 | Controlled synthesis process of functionalized ordered macroporous (≦ 1mm) graphite rotor for aluminum alloy refining |
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| CN106334787A (en) * | 2016-10-24 | 2017-01-18 | 三峡大学 | Gradient graphite/aluminum base surface layer self-lubrication composite and preparing method |
| CN106334787B (en) * | 2016-10-24 | 2018-06-29 | 三峡大学 | A kind of gradient graphite/aluminium base surface layer self-lubricating composite and preparation method |
| CN106475563A (en) * | 2016-10-31 | 2017-03-08 | 西北有色金属研究院 | A kind of gradient tungsten-copper composite material and preparation method thereof |
| CN106636989A (en) * | 2017-01-09 | 2017-05-10 | 中国科学院宁波材料技术与工程研究所 | Preparation method of high-strength and high-thermal-conductivity graphite-copper composite material |
| CN106636989B (en) * | 2017-01-09 | 2018-07-10 | 中国科学院宁波材料技术与工程研究所 | A kind of preparation method of high intensity, high heat conduction graphite-copper composite material |
| CN108620023B (en) * | 2017-03-23 | 2021-03-05 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | Heat conduction enhanced metal organic framework forming body and preparation method thereof |
| CN108620023A (en) * | 2017-03-23 | 2018-10-09 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | A kind of enhanced thermal conduction type metal organic framework formed body and preparation method thereof |
| CN109530655A (en) * | 2018-11-20 | 2019-03-29 | 三峡大学 | A kind of low-speed heave-load copper-base graphite self-lubricating composite members and its manufacturing method |
| CN111906301A (en) * | 2020-08-13 | 2020-11-10 | 合肥工业大学 | Copper-based graphite self-lubricating gradient functional material and preparation method thereof |
| CN112548077A (en) * | 2020-11-03 | 2021-03-26 | 南京理工大学 | Integral liquid forming method for aluminum alloy-ceramic composite structure |
| CN112548077B (en) * | 2020-11-03 | 2022-08-12 | 南京理工大学 | Integral liquid forming method for aluminum alloy-ceramic composite structure |
| CN114806079A (en) * | 2022-01-10 | 2022-07-29 | 三峡大学 | Preparation method of graphite/epoxy resin composite material |
| CN114806079B (en) * | 2022-01-10 | 2024-03-12 | 三峡大学 | Preparation method of graphite/epoxy resin composite material |
| CN114774706A (en) * | 2022-04-25 | 2022-07-22 | 柳州职业技术学院 | Controlled synthesis process of functionalized ordered macroporous (≦ 1mm) graphite rotor for aluminum alloy refining |
| CN114774706B (en) * | 2022-04-25 | 2024-04-02 | 柳州职业技术学院 | Controlled synthesis process of functionalized ordered macroporous graphite composite material for aluminum alloy refining |
| CN115821103A (en) * | 2022-11-09 | 2023-03-21 | 三峡大学 | Preparation method of three-phase double-interface interpenetrating network aluminum alloy/graphite composite heat sink |
| CN115821103B (en) * | 2022-11-09 | 2023-11-24 | 三峡大学 | Preparation method of three-phase double-interface interpenetrating network aluminum alloy/graphite composite heat sink |
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