CN105638215A - Asexual reproduction planting method for gastrodia elata - Google Patents

Asexual reproduction planting method for gastrodia elata Download PDF

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CN105638215A
CN105638215A CN201610034677.6A CN201610034677A CN105638215A CN 105638215 A CN105638215 A CN 105638215A CN 201610034677 A CN201610034677 A CN 201610034677A CN 105638215 A CN105638215 A CN 105638215A
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rhizoma gastrodiae
timber
armillaria mellea
fiber crops
bacterium
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CN105638215B (en
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王秋颖
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Institute of Medicinal Plant Development of CAMS and PUMC
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Tengchong Qiushi Trading Co Ltd
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G18/00Cultivation of mushrooms
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Mycology (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses an asexual reproduction planting method for gastrodia elata. The method includes the following steps that armillaria mellea materials are pre-cultured, a fixed fungus bed culture method is adopted for armillaria mellea material culture, ditching is conducted on a mountain with a gradient, the ditch length ranges from 10 m to 20 m, the ditch width ranges from 60 cm to 80 cm, the ditch depth ranges from 20 cm to 30 cm, soaked wood with the length of 15 cm to 20 cm is placed in ditches in a shape like a Chinese character 'pin' in a plug-in mode, armillaria mellea three-level seeds are arranged on sections at the two ends of the wood, then the top ends are covered with soil with the thickness of 10 cm, and culture is conducted for about 2 months; after the armillaria mellea materials grow well, surface soil is pushed aside, gastrodia elata seeds are placed next to the cross section centers of the two ends of the armillaria mellea materials, and flower stalk buds of the gastrodia elata seeds are placed upward, wherein the angle between the gastrodia elata seeds and the ground ranges from 45 degrees to 90 degrees; the gastrodia elata seeds are covered with soil with the thickness of about 10 cm, and then normal management is conducted; sisal hemp can be harvested one year later. During harvesting, only the sisal hemp is harvested, the armillaria mellea materials are not moved, willowleaf cotoneaster and white linen are reserved in holes to continue to grow, re-planting is not needed, and a large amount of labor and a large number of material resources are saved.

Description

A kind of Rhizoma Gastrodiae asexual propagation plantation method
Technical field
The invention belongs to field of plant growing technology, be specifically related to a kind of Rhizoma Gastrodiae asexual propagation plantation method.
Background technology
Rhizoma Gastrodiae is the dry tuber of orchid Rhizoma Gastrodiae, its unrooted, redgreen blade, it is impossible to carry out photosynthesis autotrophy life, it is necessary to relies on assimilation to invade its some internal fungus and obtains nutrition. Have another name called rhizoma gastrodiae, from mother, yellow moccasin flower, SHENCAO, solely shake sesame, rhizoma gastrodiae fat, DINGFENGCAO, conjunction from grass, solely shake, automatically grass, water Rhizoma Solani tuber osi, be famous Chinese crude drug. Just being used as medicine before more than 2,000 years, rich in gastrodine, Vanillin, protein, aminoacid and trace element, its property is pungent, warm, nontoxic, has epilepsy, and resisting throbs with fear faints, rheumatism; Calmness, spasmolytic, analgesia, qi-restoratives, effect of suppressing the hyperactive liver to relieve the wind syndrome, function cures mainly suppressing the hyperactive liver to relieve the wind syndrome relieving convulsion, be used for having a headache dizziness, numb limbs and tense tendons, epilepsy clonus, tetanus, feel dizzy, neurasthenia, the disease such as anemofrigid-damp arthralgia and infantile convulsion.
Rhizoma Gastrodiae is suitable for loosening, growth in moistening sandy soil, and growth preference temperature is 15-28 degree, when ground temperature is lower than 8 degree, namely stop growing higher than 30 degree. Rhizoma Gastrodiae can not autotrophy, it is necessary to rely on Armillaria mellea to provide nutrient and growth promoter. Namely Armillaria mellea is grown on timber, the Armillaria mellea regrowth on Rhizoma Gastrodiae re-absorption timber.
The propagation method of Rhizoma Gastrodiae is divided into sexual propagation and asexual propagation, and from current planting technique, major part adopts vegetative propagation technique, and it is short that this technology is mainly the cycle, and instant effect is very popular.
Rhizoma Gastrodiae is divided into arrow fiber crops (greatly) by its big I, also known as commodity fiber crops, it is simply that the Rhizoma Gastrodiae that can sell, hemp (in), belong to kind of fiber crops, be mainly used in asexual propagation, rice fiber crops (little), belong to kind of fiber crops, be mainly used in sexual propagation. in actual applications, owing to hemp and rice fiber crops are also smaller, cannot function as commercial articles vending, but, in planting process, the kind fiber crops planted together are not of uniform size after 1 year, have can carry out excavating is sold, and some heads is also little, can not sell, therefore a problem is existed for when excavating, various Rhizoma Gastrodiaes all dig out the continued growth that certainly will affect hemp and rice fiber crops together, even if again sowing, its growth can be influenced by impact, because rice fiber crops and hemp are once dig out, just be disconnected between bacterium material connect Armillaria mellea shoestring, again sow, kind fiber crops connect Armillaria mellea shoestring again needs a period of time, therefore growth can be affected.
In prior art, Rhizoma Gastrodiae vegetative tradition planting patterns is: plant fiber crops, Armillaria mellea bacterium branch is sowed together with timber, three's disposing way is all parallel to the ground, Armillaria mellea bacterium branch and kind fiber crops pendulum are at the two ends of timber or fish scale mouth, and Armillaria mellea bacterium branch, by kind of a numb and timber, plants 2 layers, earthing 1-2 centimetre between two-layer, namely this implantation methods is gathered in the crops for 1 year, and during results, not only arrow fiber crops (commodity fiber crops) are dug out, and hemp, rice fiber crops and bacterium material are also dug out simultaneously. This implantation methods has the disadvantage in that first, and the hemp dug out and rice fiber crops need again to plant, and not only needs to put into a large amount of manpower, in addition it is also necessary to the resources such as Armillaria mellea bacterium branch, timber; Second, owing to continuous cropping can accelerate gastrodia tuber from degradation, pest and disease damage is serious, causes the underproduction, so Second Year must look for ground again, excavates the soil after Rhizoma Gastrodiae and just can continue planting rhizoma gastrodiae after 4-5, cause the waste of land resource; 3rd, before Rhizoma Gastrodiae grows, the Armillaria mellea on bacterium branch invades timber to growing vigorous needs about 2 months, that is plant fiber crops after 2 months and could obtain nutrition supply from the bacterium material grown, growth time shortens 2 months comparatively speaking, owing to trophophase is relatively short, affects yield.
Summary of the invention
For Problems existing in currently available technology, the present invention provides a kind of Rhizoma Gastrodiae asexual propagation plantation method, the problem that this method can solve can not gather in the crops high-quality Rhizoma Gastrodiae continuously on plot, and arrow fiber crops of only gathering when the present invention gathers in the crops, bacterium material is motionless, rice fiber crops and hemp stay continued growth in cave, without again planting, it is possible to save a large amount of man power and material.
A kind of Rhizoma Gastrodiae asexual propagation plantation method, comprises the steps:
(1) Armillaria mellea bacterium material is cultivated in advance: before Rhizoma Gastrodiae planting season, start to cultivate Armillaria mellea bacterium material (being covered with the timber of Armillaria mellea shoestring);
(2), after bacterium material is cultivated, will plant under fiber crops kind;
(3) by earthing about 10cm above after sowing, daily management is then carried out;
Gather in the crops after (4) one years.
Specifically, the concrete cultural method of the Armillaria mellea bacterium material described in step (1) is:
(1) selecting diameter is the fresh timber of 7-12cm, and fresh timber is chopped to the juggle that length is 15-20cm, and discharge water middle immersion 1-3 days, makes timber completely drenched, standby;
(2) acclive local ditching on mountain, the long 10-20m of ditch, wide 60-80cm, deep 20-30cm, sow together with three grades of kind bacterium branches of soaked timber and Armillaria mellea, timber is parallel to the ground to be put in triangle disposition plug hole, it is beneficial to draining, between two sections of timber, puts 3-5 three grades of kind bacterium branches, so as to be all in close contact with the cross section of two sections of timber, put successively, put two to three rows in one ditch, set soil layer thick for 10cm on bonnet, compress, within 2-3 month, the bacterium material with Armillaria mellea shoestring can be grown up to, it is preferable that 75-90 days.
Preferably, described timber kind is wooden hard broad leaf tree. It is highly preferred that described broad leaf tree is oak or alder. Specifically, when step (2) step (2) kind fiber crops are sowed, pushing topsoil aside, kind of fiber crops are close to the cross-section center at bacterium material two ends ,-90 �� angle swings at 45 �� with ground are put, and make kind of numb scape bud upward.
Specifically, the harvesting method of step (4) is: first shovel game clock layer earthing, and it is aside retained, then the earthing getting close to Rhizoma Gastrodiae grown layer is given up, wear gloves, careful taking-up arrow fiber crops, keep bacterium material and rice fiber crops motionless, renew soil covering, finally cover the top layer earthing of reservation again, gross thickness is at about 10cm, and next year can gather in the crops arrow fiber crops again.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
(1) only gathering when the present invention gathers in the crops arrow fiber crops, bacterium material is motionless, and rice fiber crops and hemp stay continued growth in cave, without again planting, save a large amount of man power and material (strain and timber);
(2) present invention is by only solving, to the displacement of Rhizoma Gastrodiae grown layer soil, the problem that can not gather in the crops high-quality Rhizoma Gastrodiae on plot continuously, and new implantation methods can gather in the crops arrow fiber crops 2-3 time;
(3) Armillaria mellea bacterium bed of the present invention is complete, it is not necessary to the fiber crops of cultivation consuming time, and rice again and hemp have been connected to Armillaria mellea, thus extending its growth time, improve yield.
(4), during traditional method plantation, kind fiber crops are put down and put, and are in order to convenient and time-saving, but so putting Rhizoma Gastrodiae can toward brill below bacterium material when growth, must open bacterium material when results, destruction bacterium bed just can trip out arrow fiber crops, wastes time and energy, also easily injury arrow fiber crops when digging, cause arrow fiber crops trauma, appearance is bad, it is easy to rotten, and after bacterium bed stirs, bacterium bed and bacterium material all can not be used again, new soil and timber, waste soil and timber resources must be used.
The present invention is when plantation, plant fiber crops and lean against the two ends of bacterium material, at 45 �� with ground to 90 �� of angles, bud upward, so put Rhizoma Gastrodiae growth in also can bud upward, rise, substantially all grow in soil layer thick for surface 10cm, have only to push surface soil layer aside with hands when results just can be easy to take out arrow fiber crops, it is not necessary to stir bacterium material and bacterium bed, very convenient. After taking out arrow fiber crops, hemp and rice fiber crops continue to stay and make in bacterium bed to plant fiber crops, have only to change the topsoil contacted with Rhizoma Gastrodiae, the impact of continuous cropping can be eliminated, results arrow fiber crops can be continued the coming year, the method can be gathered in the crops 2 to three years continuously, saves the resources such as substantial amounts of soil, timber, and manpower and time cost.
(5) and, traditional method is due to kind of a numb scape bud one way or another, and Rhizoma Gastrodiae can grow along all directions, and the impact such as be squeezed, and fiber crops shape is irregular; And Rhizoma Gastrodiae of the present invention all grows up, longer Rhizoma Gastrodiae fiber crops shape as smart as a new pin, sells lover.
(6) compared with traditional method, due to the fact that Rhizoma Gastrodiae grows closer to top layer when plantation, good permeability, the annual production of Rhizoma Gastrodiae is higher.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is a kind of tradition Rhizoma Gastrodiae implantation methods schematic diagram (top view) in prior art;
Fig. 2 is another tradition Rhizoma Gastrodiae implantation methods schematic diagram (top view) in prior art;
Fig. 3 is Rhizoma Gastrodiae implantation methods schematic diagram (front view) of the present invention;
In figure, 1-kind fiber crops, 2-Armillaria mellea bacterium material, 3-timber, 4-ground, three grades of kind bacterium branches of 5-Armillaria mellea, 6-shoestring, 7-fish scale mouth, the scape bud of 8-kind fiber crops.
Detailed description of the invention
The experimental technique used in following embodiment if no special instructions, is conventional method.
Material used in following embodiment, reagent etc., if no special instructions, all commercially obtain.
Embodiment is only exemplary, the scope of the present invention is not constituted any restriction. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that and the details of technical solution of the present invention and form can be modified or replace lower without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, but these amendments and replacement each fall within protection scope of the present invention. Various material of the present invention, reagent or apparatus if no special instructions, all can obtain from market.
Traditional cultivation method one
Do not cultivate Armillaria mellea bacterium material in advance in advance, but kind of fiber crops, Armillaria mellea bacterium branch are sowed together with timber, three's disposing way is all parallel to the ground, sees that Fig. 1, Armillaria mellea bacterium branch and kind fiber crops pendulum are at the two ends of timber, Armillaria mellea bacterium branch is by kind of fiber crops and a timber, planting 2 layers, earthing 1-2 centimetre between two-layer, by earthing about 10cm above after sowing, then normal management, gathered in the crops after 1 year.
Traditional cultivation method two
Do not cultivate Armillaria mellea bacterium material in advance in advance, but kind of fiber crops, Armillaria mellea bacterium branch are sowed together with timber, three's disposing way is all parallel to the ground, sees that Fig. 2, Armillaria mellea bacterium branch and kind fiber crops pendulum are at the two ends of timber or fish scale mouth, Armillaria mellea bacterium branch is by kind of fiber crops and a timber, planting 2 layers, earthing 1-2 centimetre between two-layer, by earthing about 10cm above after sowing, then normal management, gathered in the crops after 1 year.
The embodiment of the present invention 1
A kind of Rhizoma Gastrodiae asexual propagation plantation method, comprises the steps:
(1) Armillaria mellea bacterium material is cultivated in advance: before Rhizoma Gastrodiae planting season, start to cultivate Armillaria mellea bacterium material; Particularly as follows: first selecting diameter is the fresh timber of 7-12cm (oak), fresh timber being chopped to the juggle that length is 15cm, discharge water middle immersion 1-3 days, makes timber completely drenched, standby; Then acclive local ditching on mountain, the long 10m of ditch, wide 60cm, deep 20cm, sow together with three grades of kind bacterium branches of soaked timber and Armillaria mellea, timber is parallel to the ground to be put in triangle disposition plug hole, between two sections of timber, put 3 three grades kind bacterium branches, so as to be all in close contact with the cross section of two sections of timber, put successively, two rows are put in one ditch, set soil layer thick for 10cm on bonnet, compress, through cultivation after a while, mycelia is covered with whole timber, within 78 days, can grow up to the bacterium material with Armillaria mellea shoestring.
(2) after bacterium material is cultivated, push table soil aside, plant fiber crops of sowing; When sowing, plant the fiber crops cross-section center by bacterium material two ends, put with ground angle swing at 45 ��, and make its scape bud upward, as shown in Figure 3.
(3) by earthing about 10cm above after sowing, normal daily management is then carried out; The optimum growth temp of Rhizoma Gastrodiae is 15-25 DEG C, and during more than 30 DEG C, the growth of Armillaria mellea and Rhizoma Gastrodiae will be heavily suppressed; And when temperature is lower than 15 DEG C, the tuber growth speed of Rhizoma Gastrodiae can slow down and stop again; During lower than 5 DEG C, the tuber of Rhizoma Gastrodiae will be rotted by freeze injury. Therefore, at whole trophophase, it is ensured that suitable temperature.
Planting rhizoma gastrodiae requires that average relative humidity is about 80%, and when growing the busy season, less than 60%, humidity is unfavorable for that Rhizoma Gastrodiae grows, and rots easily caused by tuber again more than 80%, therefore, at whole trophophase, it is ensured that suitable humidity.
Gather in the crops after (4) one years, first shovel game clock layer earthing, and it is aside retained, then the earthing getting close to Rhizoma Gastrodiae grown layer is given up, wear gloves, careful taking-up arrow fiber crops, keep bacterium material and rice fiber crops motionless, renew soil covering, finally cover the top layer earthing of reservation again, gross thickness is at about 10cm, and next year can gather in the crops arrow fiber crops again.
The embodiment of the present invention 2
(1) Armillaria mellea bacterium material is cultivated in advance: before Rhizoma Gastrodiae planting season, start to cultivate Armillaria mellea bacterium material; Particularly as follows: first selecting diameter is the fresh timber of 7-12cm (alder), fresh timber being chopped to the juggle that length is 20cm, discharge water middle immersion 3 days, makes timber completely drenched, standby; Then acclive local ditching on mountain, the long 20m of ditch, wide 80cm, deep 30cm, sow together with three grades of kind bacterium branches of soaked timber and Armillaria mellea, timber is parallel to the ground to be put, between two sections of timber, put 5 three grades kind bacterium branches, so as to be all in close contact with the cross section of two sections of timber, put successively, two to three rows are put in one ditch, set soil layer thick for 10cm on bonnet, compress, through cultivation after a while, mycelia is covered with whole timber, within 3 months, can grow up to the bacterium material with Armillaria mellea shoestring.
(2) after bacterium material is cultivated, push table soil aside, plant fiber crops of sowing; When sowing, plant the fiber crops cross-section center by bacterium material two ends, put at an angle of 90 with ground, and make its scape bud upward.
(3) by earthing about 10cm above after sowing, normal daily management is then carried out; The optimum growth temp of Rhizoma Gastrodiae is 15-25 DEG C, and during more than 30 DEG C, the growth of Armillaria mellea and Rhizoma Gastrodiae will be heavily suppressed; And when temperature is lower than 15 DEG C, the tuber growth speed of Rhizoma Gastrodiae can slow down and stop again; During lower than 5 DEG C, the tuber of Rhizoma Gastrodiae will be rotted by freeze injury. Therefore, at whole trophophase, it is ensured that suitable temperature.
Planting rhizoma gastrodiae requires that average relative humidity is about 80%, and when growing the busy season, less than 60%, humidity is unfavorable for that Rhizoma Gastrodiae grows, and rots easily caused by tuber again more than 80%, therefore, at whole trophophase, it is ensured that suitable humidity.
Gather in the crops after (4) one years, first shovel game clock layer earthing, and it is aside retained, then the earthing getting close to Rhizoma Gastrodiae grown layer is given up, wear gloves, careful taking-up arrow fiber crops, keep bacterium material and rice fiber crops motionless, renew soil covering, finally cover the top layer earthing of reservation again, gross thickness is at about 10cm, and next year can gather in the crops arrow fiber crops again.
Traditional cultivation method one, two and the embodiment of the present invention 1,2 are contrasted, it has been found that:
The method of the present invention, in the process of plantation, rises, and substantially all grows in soil layer thick for surface 10cm, has only to push surface soil layer aside with hands and just can be easy to take out arrow fiber crops, it is not necessary to stir bacterium material and bacterium bed when results, very convenient. And traditional method is when results, must open bacterium material, destruction bacterium bed just can trip out arrow fiber crops, waste time and energy when digging, also easily injury arrow fiber crops, cause arrow fiber crops trauma, and appearance is bad, easily rotten, and bacterium bed and bacterium material all can not be used again after bacterium bed stirs, it is necessary to use new soil and timber, waste soil and timber resources.
And, from growing state, the bud of the present invention all grows up, and longer Rhizoma Gastrodiae fiber crops shape as smart as a new pin, sells lover, and the scape bud one way or another of traditional cultivation method, Rhizoma Gastrodiae can grow along all directions, growth there is no rule, be squeezed wait affect, fiber crops shape is also irregular, affects its commodity rate.
Yield, Output of Gastrodia elata in timber unit are is contrasted, owing to Rhizoma Gastrodiae of the present invention is in growth course, grow up, closer to top layer, breathability is better, and the annual production of Rhizoma Gastrodiae is higher, and owing to gathering in the crops continuously, in unit are, the total output of commodity fiber crops is also 3-4 times of traditional cultivation method.
The foregoing is only embodiments of the invention; not thereby the scope of the claims of the present invention is limited; every equivalent structure utilizing description of the present invention to make or equivalence flow process conversion; or directly or indirectly it is used in other relevant technical fields, all in like manner include in the scope of patent protection of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. a Rhizoma Gastrodiae asexual propagation plantation method, it is characterised in that described Rhizoma Gastrodiae asexual propagation plantation method comprises the steps:
(1) in advance cultivate Armillaria mellea bacterium material: Rhizoma Gastrodiae plant before 75-90 days, start to cultivate Armillaria mellea bacterium material;
(2), after bacterium material is cultivated, kind of fiber crops are sowed;
(3) by earthing about 10cm above after sowing, daily management is then carried out;
Gather in the crops after (4) one years.
2. Rhizoma Gastrodiae asexual propagation according to claim 1 plantation method, it is characterised in that the concrete cultural method of the Armillaria mellea bacterium material described in step (1) is:
(1) selecting fresh timber, fresh timber is chopped to juggle, discharge water middle immersion 1-3 days, makes timber completely drenched, standby;
(2) acclive local ditching on mountain, sow together with three grades of kind bacterium branches of soaked timber and Armillaria mellea, timber is parallel to the ground to be put in triangle disposition plug hole, it is beneficial to draining, between two sections of timber, puts three grades of kind bacterium branches of Armillaria mellea, so as to be all in close contact with the cross section of two sections of timber, put successively, set soil layer thick for 10cm on bonnet, compress, after 75-90 days, grow up to the bacterium material with Armillaria mellea shoestring.
3. Rhizoma Gastrodiae asexual propagation according to claim 2 plantation method, it is characterised in that described timber is diameter is 7-12cm, and the length of juggle is 15-20cm.
4. Rhizoma Gastrodiae asexual propagation according to claim 2 plantation method, it is characterised in that described timber kind is wooden hard broad leaf tree.
5. Rhizoma Gastrodiae asexual propagation according to claim 4 plantation method, it is characterised in that described broad leaf tree is oak or alder.
6. Rhizoma Gastrodiae asexual propagation according to claim 2 plantation method, it is characterised in that the long 10-20m of ditch, furrow width 60-80cm, ditch depth 20-30cm of described ditch.
7. Rhizoma Gastrodiae asexual propagation according to claim 2 plantation method, it is characterised in that the number putting three grades of kind bacterium branches of Armillaria mellea between two sections of timber is 3-5.
8. Rhizoma Gastrodiae asexual propagation according to claim 6 plantation method, it is characterised in that put two to three row's timber in each ditch.
9. Rhizoma Gastrodiae asexual propagation according to claim 1 plantation method, it is characterised in that when step (2) kind fiber crops are sowed, push topsoil aside, kind of fiber crops are close to the cross-section center at bacterium material two ends, and-90 �� angle swings at 45 �� with ground are put, and make kind of numb scape bud upward.
10. Rhizoma Gastrodiae asexual propagation according to claim 1 plantation method, it is characterized in that, the harvesting method of step (4) is: first shovel game clock layer earthing, and is retained, then the earthing getting close to Rhizoma Gastrodiae grown layer is given up, wear gloves, takes out arrow fiber crops, keeps Armillaria mellea bacterium material and rice fiber crops motionless, renew soil covering, the last top layer earthing covering reservation again, gross thickness is about 10cm, and next year can gather in the crops arrow fiber crops again.
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CN107667812A (en) * 2017-11-15 2018-02-09 南漳致远农业科技有限公司 It is a kind of to plant a method for more than 150 grams rhizoma Gastrodiaes of weight
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CN110583410A (en) * 2019-02-21 2019-12-20 十堰市农业科学院 Method for efficiently cultivating gastrodia elata
CN111357593A (en) * 2020-03-26 2020-07-03 吉林师范大学 High-quality high-yield cultivation method for imitated wild gastrodia elata under forest in Changbai mountain area

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