CN105634013A - 采用超级电容提升风电机组异常电压耐受能力的控制方法 - Google Patents

采用超级电容提升风电机组异常电压耐受能力的控制方法 Download PDF

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CN105634013A
CN105634013A CN201610114252.6A CN201610114252A CN105634013A CN 105634013 A CN105634013 A CN 105634013A CN 201610114252 A CN201610114252 A CN 201610114252A CN 105634013 A CN105634013 A CN 105634013A
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China
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voltage
super capacitor
control
electrical network
converter
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汪宁渤
路亮
丁坤
周识远
张琛
李津
李征
摆念宗
陟晶
蔡旭
蔡游明
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Shanghai Jiaotong University
State Grid Corp of China SGCC
State Grid Gansu Electric Power Co Ltd
Wind Power Technology Center of Gansu Electric Power Co Ltd
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Shanghai Jiaotong University
State Grid Corp of China SGCC
State Grid Gansu Electric Power Co Ltd
Wind Power Technology Center of Gansu Electric Power Co Ltd
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Application filed by Shanghai Jiaotong University, State Grid Corp of China SGCC, State Grid Gansu Electric Power Co Ltd, Wind Power Technology Center of Gansu Electric Power Co Ltd filed Critical Shanghai Jiaotong University
Priority to CN201610114252.6A priority Critical patent/CN105634013A/zh
Publication of CN105634013A publication Critical patent/CN105634013A/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2017/073115 priority patent/WO2017148252A1/zh
Priority to US16/081,890 priority patent/US10790769B2/en
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    • H02J3/386—
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P9/00—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output
    • H02P9/006—Means for protecting the generator by using control
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D17/00—Monitoring or testing of wind motors, e.g. diagnostics
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors 
    • F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
    • F03D7/028—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor controlling wind motor output power
    • F03D7/0284—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor controlling wind motor output power in relation to the state of the electric grid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/10—Combinations of wind motors with apparatus storing energy
    • F03D9/11—Combinations of wind motors with apparatus storing energy storing electrical energy
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/20—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus
    • F03D9/25—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator
    • F03D9/255—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator connected to electrical distribution networks; Arrangements therefor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/12—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load
    • H02J3/16—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks for adjusting voltage in ac networks by changing a characteristic of the network load by adjustment of reactive power
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P9/00—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output
    • H02P9/007—Control circuits for doubly fed generators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P9/00—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output
    • H02P9/10—Control effected upon generator excitation circuit to reduce harmful effects of overloads or transients, e.g. sudden application of load, sudden removal of load, sudden change of load
    • H02P9/102—Control effected upon generator excitation circuit to reduce harmful effects of overloads or transients, e.g. sudden application of load, sudden removal of load, sudden change of load for limiting effects of transients
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P9/00—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output
    • H02P9/10—Control effected upon generator excitation circuit to reduce harmful effects of overloads or transients, e.g. sudden application of load, sudden removal of load, sudden change of load
    • H02P9/105—Control effected upon generator excitation circuit to reduce harmful effects of overloads or transients, e.g. sudden application of load, sudden removal of load, sudden change of load for increasing the stability
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P9/00—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output
    • H02P9/14—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output by variation of field
    • H02P9/26—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output by variation of field using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices
    • H02P9/30—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output by variation of field using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices using semiconductor devices
    • H02P9/305—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output by variation of field using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices using semiconductor devices controlling voltage
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2220/00—Application
    • F05B2220/30—Application in turbines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2220/00—Application
    • F05B2220/70—Application in combination with
    • F05B2220/706—Application in combination with an electrical generator
    • F05B2220/7064—Application in combination with an electrical generator of the alternating current (A.C.) type
    • F05B2220/70644—Application in combination with an electrical generator of the alternating current (A.C.) type of the asynchronous type, i.e. induction type
    • F05B2220/70646—Double fed induction generators (DFIGs)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2260/00—Function
    • F05B2260/42—Storage of energy
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2260/00—Function
    • F05B2260/80—Diagnostics
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2270/00—Control
    • F05B2270/10—Purpose of the control system
    • F05B2270/107—Purpose of the control system to cope with emergencies
    • F05B2270/1071—Purpose of the control system to cope with emergencies in particular sudden load loss
    • F05B2270/10711—Purpose of the control system to cope with emergencies in particular sudden load loss applying a low voltage ride through method
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2270/00—Control
    • F05B2270/30—Control parameters, e.g. input parameters
    • F05B2270/337—Electrical grid status parameters, e.g. voltage, frequency or power demand
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/001—Methods to deal with contingencies, e.g. abnormalities, faults or failures
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M5/00—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases
    • H02M5/40—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc
    • H02M5/42—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters
    • H02M5/44—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac
    • H02M5/453—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M5/458—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M5/4585—Conversion of ac power input into ac power output, e.g. for change of voltage, for change of frequency, for change of number of phases with intermediate conversion into dc by static converters using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices to convert the intermediate dc into ac using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having a rectifier with controlled elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P2101/00—Special adaptation of control arrangements for generators
    • H02P2101/15—Special adaptation of control arrangements for generators for wind-driven turbines
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02E10/76—Power conversion electric or electronic aspects
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02E40/30—Reactive power compensation
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种采用超级电容提升风电机组异常电压耐受能力的控制方法,在采用超级电容提升风电机组异常电压耐受能力的控制***中装入超级电容，所述***包含依次连接的风轮、齿轮箱、发电机、变流器和crowbar保护，还包括与电网连接的箱变，所述超级电容加装在所述变流器的直流母线上，所述超级电容通过DC-DC变换器与风机变流器的直流母线相连；对加入所述超级电容的储能***和所述变流器进行集成***协调控制；该方案整体解决了双馈风电机组抵御电网电压小值暂态扰动、高/低电压下的连续运行问题，基本不改变风电机组原有控制策略，控制结构、算法简单可靠，效果好，不会对风电机组其它部件的运行和使用寿命产生影响。

Description

采用超级电容提升风电机组异常电压耐受能力的控制方法
技术领域
本发明属于风力发电运行控制领域，具体涉及一种采用超级电容提升风电机组异常电压耐受能力的控制方法。
背景技术
双馈风电机组由于定子直接联网，使其易受电网电压扰动的影响，目前风电并网标准只强调了风电机组的故障穿越能力，而对小值电网电压骤降、低、高电压耐受方面的要求不足，事实证明，这些方面同样对双馈风电机组的连续运行产生较大影响。
在小值电网电压跌落方面，一般采用主动灭磁、暂态电压前馈、虚拟阻抗等控制手段来抑制双馈机组转子电流、母线过电压，从而保证机组不进入故障穿越状态，但这种控制策略需要转子变流器能提供足够高的电压才能实现，实际情况很难满足。
在高、低电压耐受方面，一般的要求是在-10%~10%之间可以正常运行，对更低、或更高电压情况下的运行能力没有具体要求。对于双馈风电机组，经简单分析可知，高电压下变流器输出电压不足导致功率难以馈入电网；低电压下变流器易产生过流，同时，机/网变流器容量不均衡还会导致母线电压升高，触发保护动作，通过变速-变桨的方式进行主动减载是缓解低电压过载的一种方法。在电网电压小值跌落情况下，目前多采用控制策略抑制转子过电流，这种方法需要转子变流器能够提供足够的电压，并且控制模型需要足够精确才能体现出效果，这在实际中是很难实现的。
在高、低电压耐受方面，目前还没有兼顾两者、较为完善的技术，针对低电压情况，虽然通过变桨-变速进行主动减载理论上可以防止变流器过载，但考虑电压波动是频繁事件，这种气动减载方案无疑增大了机组载荷，影响其使用寿命。
现有的一种基于超级电容器和蓄电池混合储能的双馈风力发电机励磁***，该***通过控制双馈电机的转子励磁，从而达到控制双馈电机定子侧输出的功率的特性，该方案的不足之处是励磁控制算法本身非常复杂，实现难度大、成本高昂，且风机故障期间由于转子侧变流器的短时切出特性，无法完成对机组的有效控制。
另外还有一种采用超级电容实现风电机组低电压穿越能力的装置。该方案中超级电容主要针对风电场故障期间低电压穿越所采用，无法根据调度指令完成正常运行期间的功率调节。此外，该方案需要在风电场中专门设置低电压穿越控制***，存在实施投入较多，占用场地较大等问题，未给出相应的运行控制策略。
因此,需要提供一种采用超级电容提升风电机组异常电压耐受能力的控制方法，以解决直流母线暂态不稳定，机组间断运行的问题。
发明内容
针对现有技术的不足，本发明的目的是提供一种采用超级电容提升风电机组异常电压耐受能力的控制方法来能够保证直流母线暂态稳定，保证机组不间断运行。
采用超级电容提升风电机组异常电压耐受能力的控制方法,所述控制方法具体为：S1，在采用超级电容提升风电机组异常电压耐受能力的控制***中装入超级电容，所述***包含依次连接的风轮、齿轮箱、发电机、变流器和crowbar保护，还包括与电网连接的箱变，所述超级电容加装在所述变流器的直流母线上，所述超级电容通过DC-DC变换器与风机变流器的直流母线相连；
S2，对加入所述超级电容的储能***和所述变流器进行集成***协调控制：检测电网电压是否发生故障；电网电压故障后检测直流母线电压是否超过限制；电网电压标志位置为“异常”；集成***协调控制按“异常”进行控制；检测电网电压是否恢复到合理范围；电网电压标志位置为“正常”；集成***协调控制按“正常”进行控制；回到检测电网电压是否发生故障的步骤上。
优选地，所述集成***协调控制的控制对象包括双馈风电机组网侧变换器和超级电容储能***。
优选地，所述双馈风电机组网侧变换器的控制为：根据电网电压标志位网侧变流器根据电网电压标志位，包括“正常工况”和“异常工况”两个模式；当电网电压水平在允许范围内时，网侧变流器控制直流母线恒定，此时为“有功优先控制”模式，同时可以提供一定的无功/电压辅助控制；当电网电压异常时，网侧变流器进行策略切换，不再控制母线电压，此时为“无功优先控制”模式，根据高、低电压情况选择“欠励”和“过励”运行模式，具体为，
在电网出现高电压时，网侧变流器主动进入欠励状态，在满足视在容量约束下，注入一定的有功功率；
在电网出现低电压时，网侧变流器主动进入过励状态，支撑电网电压，在满足视在容量约束下，注入一定的有功功率。
优选地，所述超级电容的储能装置控制策略主要有两部分组成：boost控制和buck控制，所述boost控制为直流母线电压控制，所述buck控制为超级电容电压控制，当检测到直流母线超过“设定值1”时，boost模式启动，否则buck模式工作。
本发明的技术方案具有以下有益效果：
本发明提供的一种采用超级电容提升风电机组异常电压耐受能力的控制方法，可用于提升双馈风电机组的故障运行能力，该方案整体解决了双馈风电机组抵御电网电压小值暂态扰动、高/低电压下的连续运行问题，基本不改变风电机组原有控制策略，控制结构、算法简单可靠，效果好，不会对风电机组其它部件的运行和使用寿命产生影响。
附图说明
下面通过附图和实施例，对本发明的技术方案做进一步的详细描述。
图1是本发明采用超级电容提升风电机组异常电压耐受能力控制***的硬件结构示意图；
图2是图1中的加了超级电容的储能***的结构示意图；
图3是本发明采用超级电容提升风电机组异常电压耐受能力控制方法的集成***协调控制流程图；
图4是图3中的网侧变流器的控制模式图；
图5是图3中的超级电容的控制模式图。
具体实施方式
为了清楚了解本发明的技术方案，将在下面的描述中提出其详细的结构。显然，本发明实施例的具体施行并不足限于本领域的技术人员所熟习的特殊细节。本发明的优选实施例详细描述如下，除详细描述的这些实施例外，还可以具有其他实施方式。
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明做进一步详细说明。
本发明实施例提供一种采用超级电容提升风电机组异常电压耐受能力的控制方法，结合图1-图5，图1是本发明采用超级电容提升风电机组异常电压耐受能力控制***的硬件结构示意图，为加装超级电容后的双馈风电机组主电路***硬件结构图，包含风轮、齿轮箱、发电机、变流器、crowbar保护以及箱变。
一种采用超级电容提升风电机组异常电压耐受能力的控制方法来能够保证直流母线暂态稳定，保证机组不间断运行。
采用超级电容提升风电机组异常电压耐受能力的控制方法,所述控制方法具体为：S1，在采用超级电容提升风电机组异常电压耐受能力的控制***中装入超级电容，所述***包含依次连接的风轮、齿轮箱、发电机、变流器和crowbar保护，还包括与电网连接的箱变，所述超级电容加装在所述变流器的直流母线上，所述超级电容通过DC-DC变换器与风机变流器的直流母线相连；如图2所示，图2是图1中的加了超级电容的储能***的结构示意图，超级电容器加装在变流器的直流母线上，超级电容器通过DC-DC变换器与双馈风机变流器的直流母线相连，该DC-DC变换器属buck-boost双向变换器，由全控型开关S1、S2以及升压电感L构成，能量从直流母线（Edc）到超级电容(Esc)时，DC-DC变流器工作在buck模式，反之工作在boost模式，通过控制开关S1的占空比可以实现超级电容电压的调节，其中Rres为超级电容器的等效电阻。
S2，对加入所述超级电容的储能***和所述变流器进行集成***协调控制：图3是本发明采用超级电容提升风电机组异常电压耐受能力控制方法的集成***协调控制流程图；其控制过程为首先检测电网电压是否发生故障；电网电压故障后检测直流母线电压是否超过限制；电网电压标志位置为“异常”；集成***协调控制按“异常”进行控制；检测电网电压是否恢复到合理范围；电网电压标志位置为“正常”；集成***协调控制按“正常”进行控制；回到检测电网电压是否发生故障的步骤上；
图4是图3中的网侧变流器的控制模式图；网侧变流器控制：
网侧变流器根据电网电压标志位，存在“正常工况”和“异常工况”两个模式。当电网电压水平在允许范围内时，网侧变流器控制直流母线恒定，此时为“有功优先控制”模式，同时可以提供一定的无功/电压辅助控制；当电网电压异常时，网侧变流器进行策略切换，不再控制母线电压，此时为“无功优先控制”模式，根据高、低电压情况选择“欠励”和“过励”运行模式，具体如下：
在电网出现高电压时，网侧变流器主动进入欠励状态，在满足视在容量约束下，注入一定的有功功率。
在电网出现低电压时，网侧变流器主动进入过励状态，支撑电网电压，在满足视在容量约束下，注入一定的有功功率。
图5是图3中的超级电容的控制模式图；由图5可知，超级电容储能装置控制策略主要有两部分组成：boost控制和buck控制，其中boost控制为直流母线电压控制，buck控制为超级电容电压控制，当检测到直流母线超过“设定值1”时，boost模式启动，否则buck模式工作。为了实现超级电容储能装置与直流卸荷电路对母线电压的控制解耦，可以将“设定值1”整定的略小与直流卸荷电路，避免两者同时工作，造成母线电压不稳定；除此之外，还需要考虑boost模式下的超级电容工作电压范围，动态调节增益系数，可以调节超级电容注入/吸收功率大小，防止超级电容电压超出工作范围，这里，增益系数只为“0”，“1”，即描述超级电容储能装置是否对直流母线进行电压控制，当超级电容电压超出电压上/下限时，增益系数置“0”，否则为“1”。
采用该控制逻辑，超级电容储能***可实现：
电网电压正常时，维持自身的工作电压；
电网电压异常时，由于网侧变流器切换到“无功优先控制”模式，为平衡机/网功率，此时超级电容控制母线电压，保证连续运行，同时，超级电容还能够抑制电网电压跌落引起的直流母线电压暂态过程。
本发明提供的一种采用超级电容提升风电机组异常电压耐受能力的控制方法，可用于提升双馈风电机组的故障运行能力，该方案整体解决了双馈风电机组抵御电网电压小值暂态扰动、高/低电压下的连续运行问题，基本不改变风电机组原有控制策略，控制结构、算法简单可靠，效果好，不会对风电机组其它部件的运行和使用寿命产生影响。
最后应当说明的是：以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非对其限制，尽管参照上述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，所属领域的普通技术人员依然可以对本发明的具体实施方式进行修改或者等同替换，这些未脱离本发明精神和范围的任何修改或者等同替换，均在申请待批的权利要求保护范围之内。

Claims (4)

1.采用超级电容提升风电机组异常电压耐受能力的控制方法,其特征在于，所述控制方法具体为：
S1，在采用超级电容提升风电机组异常电压耐受能力的控制***中装入超级电容，所述***包含依次连接的风轮、齿轮箱、发电机、变流器和crowbar保护，还包括与电网连接的箱变，所述超级电容加装在所述变流器的直流母线上，所述超级电容通过DC-DC变换器与风机变流器的直流母线相连；
S2，对加入所述超级电容的储能***和所述变流器进行集成***协调控制：检测电网电压是否发生故障；电网电压故障后检测直流母线电压是否超过限制；电网电压标志位置为“异常”；集成***协调控制按“异常”进行控制；检测电网电压是否恢复到合理范围；电网电压标志位置为“正常”；集成***协调控制按“正常”进行控制；回到检测电网电压是否发生故障的步骤上。
2.如权利要求1所述的采用超级电容提升风电机组异常电压耐受能力的控制方法，其特征在于，所述集成***协调控制的控制对象包括双馈风电机组网侧变换器和超级电容储能***。
3.如权利要求2所述的采用超级电容提升风电机组异常电压耐受能力的控制方法，其特征在于，所述双馈风电机组网侧变换器的控制为：根据电网电压标志位网侧变流器根据电网电压标志位，包括“正常工况”和“异常工况”两个模式；当电网电压水平在允许范围内时，网侧变流器控制直流母线恒定，此时为“有功优先控制”模式，同时可以提供一定的无功/电压辅助控制；当电网电压异常时，网侧变流器进行策略切换，不再控制母线电压，此时为“无功优先控制”模式，根据高、低电压情况选择“欠励”和“过励”运行模式，具体为，
在电网出现高电压时，网侧变流器主动进入欠励状态，在满足视在容量约束下，注入一定的有功功率；
在电网出现低电压时，网侧变流器主动进入过励状态，支撑电网电压，在满足视在容量约束下，注入一定的有功功率。
4.如权利要求2所述的采用超级电容提升风电机组异常电压耐受能力的控制方法，其特征在于，所述超级电容的储能装置控制策略主要有两部分组成：boost控制和buck控制，所述boost控制为直流母线电压控制，所述buck控制为超级电容电压控制，当检测到直流母线超过“设定值1”时，boost模式启动，否则buck模式工作。
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WO2017148252A1 (zh) * 2016-03-01 2017-09-08 甘肃省电力公司风电技术中心 提升双馈风电机组异常电压耐受能力的控制方法及控制***
US10790769B2 (en) 2016-03-01 2020-09-29 Wind Power Technology Center Of Gansu Electric Power Company Control method and control system for enhancing endurance to anomalous voltage for doubly-fed induction generator
CN107561346A (zh) * 2017-07-27 2018-01-09 佛山市新光宏锐电源设备有限公司 一种快速侦测三相市电电压异常的方法
CN108063454A (zh) * 2017-12-08 2018-05-22 甘肃省电力公司风电技术中心 一种提升双馈风电机能力的超级电容储能控制方法
CN117081155A (zh) * 2023-08-24 2023-11-17 山东大学 基于超级电容的并网风力发电低电压穿越方法及***

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