CN105624448A - Rare earth contained deslagging and refining flux for smelting of cast aluminium alloy and preparation method of flux - Google Patents
Rare earth contained deslagging and refining flux for smelting of cast aluminium alloy and preparation method of flux Download PDFInfo
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- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/06—Making non-ferrous alloys with the use of special agents for refining or deoxidising
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Abstract
The invention discloses rare earth contained deslagging and refining flux for smelting of a cast aluminium alloy and a preparation method of the flux. The flux is formed by adding finely powdered rare earth oxide and rare earth carbonates to powder mainly containing sodium chloride, potassium chloride, sodium fluoroaluminate, sodium fluosilicate, sodium carbonate and calcium fluoride, and then carrying out mixing, dehydration and curing. Based on the characteristics of metamorphism and inactivation of rare earth on the aluminium alloy, the characteristic of promoting a series of low-melting-point impurities to form infusible compounds, and other characteristics of rare earth, if the flux is used during the smelting, a molten aluminium alloy can be effectively purified, the liquidity and casting property can be improved, the refinement of crystal grains in an aluminium alloy casting structure and dispersed precipitation of a second phase in the crystal grains can be facilitated, thus the strength, hardness, abrasive resistance and corrosion resistance of the aluminium alloy can be improved. With the adoption of the flux, the disadvantage that the conventional aluminium alloy deslagging and refining flux produces a large amount of harmful gas and smoke in a molten aluminium alloy purification treatment process is overcome.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to deslagging refining flux and its preparation method that the molten liquid of purifying aluminum alloy in a kind of melting cast aluminum alloy process uses.
Background technology
The fusion process of cast aluminium alloy is divided into fusing, adjustment composition, deslagging refining, Metamorphism treatment, adjustment temperature and cast. Owing to furnace charge is not clean, furnace charge is heated surface oxidation, causes the aluminum alloy melt melted inside to there is being mingled with and gas of some amount, liquid level has by metal oxide and be involved in scum silica frost or the slag that tramp material mixture is formed. This kind of scum silica frost must eliminate with gas with being dispersed in being mingled with in molten liquid, to guarantee the pure of cast structure. Therefore, deslagging refining is necessary purification process technique. General employing 1) flux process, comprise volatility flux such as hexachloroethane and process, and non-volatility flux such as Calcium Fluoride (Fluorspan) etc. processes. 2) rare gas element blowing. 3) filter. Or adopt above method combined purifying to process. At present most widely used be also most economical base conditioning method be flux process method. Namely after alloy melting, the aluminium alloy deslagging refining agent taking sodium-chlor, Repone K as main body and containing above-mentioned single or multiple components of quality of furnace charge mark 0.2%-0.5% is accounted for bell jar press-in. Although above-mentioned treating processes can at the oxide compound of the gas removed in varying degrees in aluminum alloy melt and 40%-80% and intermetallic compound, but also produce a large amount of flue dust simultaneously and poisonous have corrosive gases, worsen operating environment, the molten loss rate of alloy is increased, it is difficult to obtain dense structure, aluminum alloy materials without slag, bubble-free and inclusion.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem: it is an object of the invention to provide a kind of cast aluminium alloy deslagging refining flux, to solve the above-mentioned problems in the prior art, with this kind of flux composition of the present invention, the molten liquid of cast aluminium alloy being carried out deslagging refining process should without flue dust and obnoxious flavour, can effective purifying aluminum alloy liquid, improve mobility and castability, promote the refinement of crystal grain in aluminium alloy cast structure and the two-phase disperse educt in crystalline substance, thus improve the intensity of aluminium alloy, hardness, wear resistance and solidity to corrosion, reduce the molten loss rate of alloy simultaneously.
It is a further object to provide the preparation method of a kind of above-mentioned composition.
Technical scheme: the melting cast aluminum alloy of the present invention deslagging refining flux composition, what count by weight percentage consists of:
Wherein:
Preferably, the weight content of described rare-earth oxidation thing in melting cast aluminum alloy deslagging refining flux is 0.6%-1.5%, and the weight content of rare earth carbonate in melting cast aluminum alloy deslagging refining flux is 1.0%-1.8%.
Described rare-earth oxidation thing is lanthanum trioxide, cerium oxide or Praseodymium trioxide, or the combination of these three kinds of oxide compounds; Rare earth carbonate is cerous carbonate or Phosbloc.
When described rare-earth oxidation thing is the combination of lanthanum trioxide, cerium oxide, Praseodymium trioxide three kinds of oxide compounds, its composition is counted with weight:
The content of lanthanum trioxide is 25%-35%,
The content of cerium oxide is 60%-70%,
The content of Praseodymium trioxide is 2%-5%.
When described rare earth carbonate is the combination of cerous carbonate and Phosbloc, consisting of in weight:
The content of cerous carbonate is 70%-80%,
The content of Phosbloc is 20%-30%.
The granularity of described RE oxide powder is 2-5 ��m.
The granularity of described rare earth carbonate powder body is 5-8 ��m.
The preparation method of the melting cast aluminum alloy deslagging refining flux of the present invention comprises the following steps:
A) by sodium-chlor, Repone K, sodium fluoroaluminate, Sodium Silicofluoride and Calcium Fluoride (Fluorspan) mix and blend 45 minutes at the temperature of 100 DEG C 135 DEG C and normal pressure, evenly dry powder mixture is formed;
B) in this mixture, sodium carbonate, rare-earth oxidation thing and rare earth carbonate, mix and blend 30 minutes at the temperature of 90 DEG C-115 DEG C and normal pressure are added;
C) naturally cooling stirs 20 minutes.
The flux composition of the present invention can adopt conventional fluxes treatment technologies that the molten liquid of cast aluminium alloy is carried out deslagging refining. Such as, to die casting aluminium alloy, when alloy liquid temp reaches the treatment temp of processing requirement, (alloy designations is different, then treatment temp is different, and treatment temp is conducive to scarfing cinder and refining higher than corresponding trade mark teeming temperature 50 DEG C-80 DEG C), flux basin shape bell jar is pressed in alloy liquid, (from furnace bottom about 10 centimetres), in translation stove everywhere and bell jar is done circumferential motion so that allow powder body as far as possible Dispersed precipitate in bath, with fast reaction speed. As used in concentrated smelting furnace, then the most suitable employing dusting device, inhales with rare gas element and gives this ground flux body, completes to mix and blows purifying treatment. The time of dusting is about 10-15 minute so that it is Dispersed precipitate is in bath as far as possible, reacts completely to ensure. Add-on can suitably adjust depending on the ratio of foreign matter content in alloy and foundry returns, then leaves standstill about 5-10 minute minute, until slag liquid is thoroughly separated, till slag powdering, finally takes off slag cast.
Useful effect: in above-mentioned flux composition, rare-earth oxidation thing and rare earth carbonate are after adding aluminium liquid, by component sodium fluoroaluminate and Sodium Silicofluoride localized hyperthermia's fluctuation of energy that thermopositive reaction is formed under aluminum alloy melt smelting temperature, the rare earth element with fresh activity surface it is directly reduced to by the aluminium element in alloy liquid, the active rare earth [RE] of the very big atomic state of activity precipitated out, in aluminium melting temperature range, (680--750C) and hydrogen generate stable hydride: [RE]+2 [H]=[REH2]. This reaction is thermopositive reaction, and with temperature decrease, this hydride is all the more stable, thus reaches solid hydrogen and the object except hydrogen. This method is different from conventional produces bubble by flux in aluminium liquid completely, take bubble as carrier, utilizes bubble to adsorb surrounding gas in aluminum alloy melt in floating-upward process, to reach the object except hydrogen degasification. Utilize the chemical property that rare earth element is active, the high infusible compound of fusing point can be formed respectively with the oxygen in aluminum alloy melt, nitrogen, the impurity such as hydrogen and a series of low melting point impurity, be easy to exclude from molten metal together with slag, reach the object of deslagging refining.
Utilize rare earth element that the avidity of oxygen is greater than the avidity of aluminium and oxygen, therefore [RE] can restore aluminium from oxide inclusion, decreases alumina inclusion.
Utilize rare-earth flux to produce two layers of protective membrane in aluminium liquid purifies: internal layer: be woven into fine and close protecting network by fibre strip, can adsorb and be mingled with and flux and the resultant of reaction matter being mingled with, ensure that the purification of aluminium liquid. The skin of contact air: be made up of crystal form material, serve the effect of isolated air conservation aluminium liquid.
Utilize rare-earth flux to the refining effect of aluminum alloy melt, mobility and the castability of aluminum alloy melt can be improved, refining alloy cast structure, with aluminium and some alloying element or impurity (Fe, Si, S etc.) formed high melting compound act as heterogeneous nucleus, or crystal boundary precipitate out, stop grain growth due to pinning effect. Rare earth surfactivity height, can reduce nucleating surface energy, increases crystallization nucleation rate. Rare earth is extremely low in the liquid-solid solubility of aluminium, and the active class material of metal surface, easily adsorbs segregation on crystal boundary and phase interface, fill up the defect on interface, thus hinder the growth of crystal, eliminate the continuous net-shaped structure along crystal boundary distribution in aluminium alloy, making alloy strength, hardness, wear resistance and solidity to corrosion improve.
Utilize the sodium carbonate bubble that decomposition reaction discharges at aluminium alloy smelting temperature, can the tiny particle of dissolved gases and Dispersed precipitate in active adsorption molten aluminium alloy. The sodium-chlor dropped into according to a certain ratio, Repone K and Calcium Fluoride (Fluorspan), form low melting point at aluminium alloy smelting temperature and easily catch simultaneously nonwetting with the aluminum alloy melt flux of impurity, be conducive to slag making to be separated with slag aluminium. The combination of these components and the above-mentioned percentage range of each component, determined by test in a large number, aforesaid combination and percentage range make cast aluminium alloy deslagging refining flux composition of the present invention have above-mentioned purifying treatment effect, and alloy over-all properties and environmental protection are without the excellent balance of noxious fume.
Whole treating processes is disengaged without flue dust and pungent toxic and harmful, and in the waste residue collected after process, aluminium alloy content weight percent is not higher than 5%. The mobility of aluminum alloy melt improves, and structure property is improved.
Embodiment
Below by embodiment and comparative example, the present invention is described further. Following examples and comparative example, main in Chinese automobile aluminium wheels production base--the engineering and technological research institute Materials Research Laboratories of Zhong Xindaika limited-liability company and the research and development workshop melting Ministry of worker thereof, bright qi (Yizheng) the aluminium wheels company limited aluminium alloy smelting Ministry of worker supporting for Volkswagen and the die casting Workshop Production scene of Run Xingtai Electrical Appliances Co., Ltd of new high-tech enterprise of Zhuhai City complete. Emphasis investigates smell, the cigarette of generation in process of the test, and slag aluminium is separated, the color of slag and decontamination effect improving. First test determines this flux with the processing condition required by conventional process flux is consistent, all can use 700-780 DEG C of temperature range; Additional proportion can regulate between 0.2wt%-0.4wt%. On this basis, when selecting teeming temperature to be 700 DEG C, cast steel die casting rod sample, cast gate mold sample and mobility sample. The amount of inclusions, grain fineness number, pinhole rate are observed in the sampling of K mould, carry out microstructure observation, with the effect of comprehensive descision deslagging refining simultaneously.
Example 1:
Example 2
Example 3
Described rare-earth oxidation thing is lanthanum trioxide, cerium oxide or Praseodymium trioxide, or is the composition of these three kinds of oxide compounds:
The weight content of lanthanum trioxide is 25%-35%,
The weight content of cerium oxide is 60%-70%,
The weight content of Praseodymium trioxide is 2%-5%.
Described rare earth carbonate is cerous carbonate or Phosbloc.
The weight content of cerous carbonate is 70%-80%,
The weight content of Phosbloc is 20%-30%.
Embodiment 1
It is in the reverberatory furnace of 10 tons at cast aluminium alloy capacity, it may also be useful to containing the special deslagging refining flux of aluminium alloy of hexachloroethane, add-on is the 0.2% of aluminium alloy weight, namely 20 kilograms. Operating procedure is as previously mentioned. When this flux enters below aluminium alloy liquid level, produce a large amount of flue dust and rapid expansion extremely whole workshop at ullage immediately, and have sharp aroma. It is thick for floating over the slag on liquid level, and presss from both sides the aluminium alloy having about 30%. Not exclusively to show mobility poor because purifying for aluminum alloy melt. Fracture crystal grain is thicker and can obviously see having folder slag and stain.
Comparative example 1
At melting equipment similarly to Example 1, when same operating mode trade mark cast aluminium alloy identical with melting, it may also be useful to the flux of the present invention, add-on is the 0.2% of aluminium alloy weight, and namely 20 kilograms, operating procedure is with embodiment 1. When this flux is pressed into below aluminium alloy liquid level, ullage can constantly be emerged bubble, but does not have flue dust and sharp aroma, and finally floating over the slag on liquid level is powdery, is easy to claw, and presss from both sides the aluminium alloy of about 5% in waste residue. Aluminum alloy melt shows good mobility completely because purifying. Fracture crystal grain is relatively thin, does not now press from both sides slag.
Embodiment 2
The die casting workshop being 10 tons at aluminium alloy capacity is concentrated in smelting furnace, it may also be useful to the special deslagging refining agent of the aluminium alloy of sodium chloride-containing, Repone K and sodium aluminum fluoride component, add-on is the 0.25% of aluminium alloy weight, namely 25 kilograms. When in molten bath, the temperature of aluminum alloy melt is higher than teeming temperature 80 DEG C, with blowing process, bottom distance molten bath, 25 kilograms of these flux are sprayed in molten aluminium alloy with nitrogen gas stream by 10 centimeters, a large amount of bubble is produced immediately at ullage, there is a large amount of flue dust and rapid expansion extremely whole workshop simultaneously, and have sharp aroma. In about 10 minutes reaction times, after completion of the reaction, leave standstill 6 minutes, carry out taking off Slag treatment. Slag quantity is relatively big, relatively sticky thick, presss from both sides the aluminium alloy of about 20% in slag. Aluminum alloy melt mobility is better. Crystal grain normally meets the requirements, and has no folder slag.
Comparative example 2
When the grade aluminium alloy identical with melting of operating mode similarly to Example 2, it may also be useful to the flux of the present invention, add-on is the 0.25% of aluminium alloy weight, and namely 25 kilograms, operating procedure is with embodiment 2. When this flux nitrogen gas stream is inhaled send below press-in aluminium alloy liquid level time, ullage can constantly be emerged a large amount of bubble, but does not have flue dust and sharp aroma, art breading is complete, finally floating over the slag on liquid level is powdery, is easy to claw, and presss from both sides the aluminium alloy of about 5% in waste residue. Aluminum alloy melt shows good mobility completely because purifying. The obvious refinement of crystal grain, dense structure, has no folder slag.
Embodiment 3
Aluminum alloy melting in machine limit 350 kg capacity of high-pressure casting machine is held concurrently in holding furnace, adopts the flux of the present invention consistent with comparative example 1 proportioning components, and add-on is 0.2% of aluminium alloy capacity in this machine limit stove, namely 0.7 kilogram. Operating procedure is with embodiment 1. When this flux is pressed into below aluminium alloy liquid level, ullage can constantly be emerged bubble, there is no flue dust and sharp aroma, although finally floating over the slag on liquid level is still powdery, but owing to the aluminium alloy temperature of machine limit furnaceman's skill control overflow is lower than the technological control temperature of aluminum alloy melt in reverberatory furnace in comparative example 1, general low 20-30 DEG C, cause part rare-earth oxidation thing not participate in reaction and remain in slag, slag comparatively glues thick, presss from both sides the aluminium alloy of about 15% in waste residue. Aluminum alloy melt good fluidity, fracture crystal grain is relatively thin, does not now press from both sides slag. But overall decontamination effect improving is not as good as comparative example 1.
Comparative example 3
When the grade aluminium alloy identical with melting of operating mode similarly to Example 3, adopt the flux designed by the process of machine limit stove deslagging refining, it is increased to the upper limit by the sodium fluoroaluminate in flux of the present invention and Sodium Silicofluoride add-on, namely 15% and 20%, the content of sodium-chlor and Repone K is respectively reduced by 5%, and other component ratio is constant. When this flux is pressed into below aluminium alloy liquid level, ullage can constantly be emerged bubble, it does not have flue dust and sharp aroma. Owing to the heat of Sodium Silicofluoride and the release of sodium fluoroaluminate local increases and the aggravation of fluctuation of energy, for the reduction at a lower temperature of rare-earth oxidation thing creates condition advantageously. Finally floating over the slag on liquid level is powdery, without rare-earth oxidation thing residual, is easy to claw, presss from both sides the aluminium alloy of about 5% in waste residue. Aluminum alloy melt shows good mobility completely because purifying. Fracture crystal grain is relatively thin, and obvious refinement, organizes dense, does not now press from both sides slag.
Experimental result illustrates, no matter on environment protection is carried out production strictly in line with rules and regulations, or is improving in over-all properties, and the cast aluminium alloy deslagging refining flux composition of the present invention is better than traditional deslagging refining agent of comparative example all significantly.
Claims (8)
1. a melting cast aluminum alloy deslagging refining flux, it is characterised in that what this flux counted by weight percentage consists of:
2. according to melting cast aluminum alloy deslagging refining flux according to claim 1, it is characterized in that the weight content of described rare-earth oxidation thing in melting cast aluminum alloy deslagging refining flux is 0.6%-1.5%, the weight content of rare earth carbonate in melting cast aluminum alloy deslagging refining flux is 1.0%-1.8%.
3. according to described cast zinc alloy melting deslagging refining flux according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described rare-earth oxidation thing is lanthanum trioxide, cerium oxide or Praseodymium trioxide, or the combination of these three kinds of oxide compounds; Rare earth carbonate is cerous carbonate or Phosbloc.
4. according to described melting cast aluminum alloy deslagging refining flux according to claim 3, it is characterised in that when described rare-earth oxidation thing is the combination of lanthanum trioxide, cerium oxide, Praseodymium trioxide three kinds of oxide compounds, its composition is counted with weight:
The content of lanthanum trioxide is 25%-35%,
The content of cerium oxide is 60%-70%,
The content of Praseodymium trioxide is 2%-5%.
5. according to described melting cast aluminum alloy deslagging refining flux according to claim 3, it is characterised in that when described rare earth carbonate is the combination of cerous carbonate and Phosbloc, consisting of in weight:
The content of cerous carbonate is 70%-80%,
The content of Phosbloc is 20%-30%.
6. according to the deslagging refining flux of the melting cast aluminum alloy described in claim 3 or 4, it is characterised in that the granularity of described RE oxide powder is 2-5 ��m.
7. according to the deslagging refining flux of the melting cast aluminum alloy described in claim 3 or 5, it is characterised in that the granularity of described rare earth carbonate powder body is 5-8 ��m.
8. the preparation method of a melting cast aluminum alloy deslagging refining flux as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that this preparation method comprises the following steps:
A) by sodium-chlor, Repone K, sodium fluoroaluminate, Sodium Silicofluoride and Calcium Fluoride (Fluorspan) mix and blend 45 minutes at the temperature of 100 DEG C 135 DEG C and normal pressure, evenly dry powder mixture is formed;
B) in this mixture, sodium carbonate, rare-earth oxidation thing and rare earth carbonate, mix and blend 30 minutes at the temperature of 90 DEG C-115 DEG C and normal pressure are added;
C) naturally cooling stirs 20 minutes.
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Cited By (8)
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| CN106756143A (en) * | 2017-01-04 | 2017-05-31 | 山东南山铝业股份有限公司 | Aluminium and aluminium alloy melt refining flux and aluminium and aluminium alloy melt method of refining |
| CN108103328A (en) * | 2017-12-15 | 2018-06-01 | 南通昂申金属材料有限公司 | A kind of preparation process of aluminium bismuth intermediate alloy |
| CN108118196A (en) * | 2017-12-15 | 2018-06-05 | 南通昂申金属材料有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of aluminium manganese intermediate alloy |
| CN113481400A (en) * | 2021-05-26 | 2021-10-08 | 四川实美科技有限公司 | Deslagging flux with heating effect for smelting secondary aluminum and preparation method thereof |
| CN114703390A (en) * | 2022-06-06 | 2022-07-05 | 中国航发北京航空材料研究院 | Refining agent and refining and purifying method of aluminum alloy cast on line by combining refining agent with argon |
| CN115029573A (en) * | 2022-06-10 | 2022-09-09 | 徐州思源铝业有限公司 | Aluminum alloy slag remover and preparation method thereof |
| CN115109961A (en) * | 2022-06-10 | 2022-09-27 | 徐州思源铝业有限公司 | Aluminum alloy rare earth refining agent and preparation method thereof |
| CN115404374A (en) * | 2022-09-26 | 2022-11-29 | 湖北创伟科技股份有限公司 | Composite aluminum alloy refining agent and application method thereof |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN106756143A (en) * | 2017-01-04 | 2017-05-31 | 山东南山铝业股份有限公司 | Aluminium and aluminium alloy melt refining flux and aluminium and aluminium alloy melt method of refining |
| CN108103328A (en) * | 2017-12-15 | 2018-06-01 | 南通昂申金属材料有限公司 | A kind of preparation process of aluminium bismuth intermediate alloy |
| CN108118196A (en) * | 2017-12-15 | 2018-06-05 | 南通昂申金属材料有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of aluminium manganese intermediate alloy |
| CN113481400A (en) * | 2021-05-26 | 2021-10-08 | 四川实美科技有限公司 | Deslagging flux with heating effect for smelting secondary aluminum and preparation method thereof |
| CN114703390A (en) * | 2022-06-06 | 2022-07-05 | 中国航发北京航空材料研究院 | Refining agent and refining and purifying method of aluminum alloy cast on line by combining refining agent with argon |
| CN115029573A (en) * | 2022-06-10 | 2022-09-09 | 徐州思源铝业有限公司 | Aluminum alloy slag remover and preparation method thereof |
| CN115109961A (en) * | 2022-06-10 | 2022-09-27 | 徐州思源铝业有限公司 | Aluminum alloy rare earth refining agent and preparation method thereof |
| CN115404374A (en) * | 2022-09-26 | 2022-11-29 | 湖北创伟科技股份有限公司 | Composite aluminum alloy refining agent and application method thereof |
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