CN105624411A - 一种高炉瓦斯灰的浸出方法 - Google Patents
一种高炉瓦斯灰的浸出方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 88
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 83
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 75
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium chloride Substances [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
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- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
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- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 claims description 23
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- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims description 17
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- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 10
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- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 8
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- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 7
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- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910000069 nitrogen hydride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052844 willemite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 3
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 239000001117 sulphuric acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000011149 sulphuric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- WGEATSXPYVGFCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc ferrite Chemical compound O=[Zn].O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O WGEATSXPYVGFCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 2
- LIKBJVNGSGBSGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Fe+3].[Fe+3] LIKBJVNGSGBSGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 235000019738 Limestone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000004110 Zinc silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910007659 ZnSi2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052925 anhydrite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZRBROGSAUIUIJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N azanium;azane;chloride Chemical compound N.[NH4+].[Cl-] ZRBROGSAUIUIJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium difluoride Chemical compound [F-].[F-].[Ca+2] WUKWITHWXAAZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000021321 essential mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- KFZAUHNPPZCSCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron zinc Chemical compound [Fe].[Zn] KFZAUHNPPZCSCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006028 limestone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000033116 oxidation-reduction process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002927 oxygen compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005453 pelletization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012286 potassium permanganate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001698 pyrogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000010183 spectrum analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009628 steelmaking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052882 wollastonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011592 zinc chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- XSMMCTCMFDWXIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N zinc silicate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-][Si]([O-])=O XSMMCTCMFDWXIX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019352 zinc silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc sulfate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000368 zinc sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011686 zinc sulphate Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
- C22B7/02—Working-up flue dust
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
- C22B1/02—Roasting processes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B19/00—Obtaining zinc or zinc oxide
- C22B19/30—Obtaining zinc or zinc oxide from metallic residues or scraps
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
- C22B7/006—Wet processes
- C22B7/008—Wet processes by an alkaline or ammoniacal leaching
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
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- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及一种高炉瓦斯灰的浸出方法,属于高炉瓦斯灰处理技术领域。微波焙烧预处理:首先向高炉瓦斯灰加入高炉瓦斯灰质量5~25%的CaO混合均匀后得到混合物料,然后将混合物料在微波焙烧温度为300~500℃条件下焙烧0.5~1.5h,得到焙砂;浸出:将得到的焙砂研磨,在超声波功率为600~1200W的超声场作用下,采用总氨浓度为3~6mol/L的氨溶液作为浸出剂,在25~45℃下进行搅拌浸出0.5~1.0h,然后进行固液分离,固体渣经5wt%氨水溶液多次洗涤处理,得到含锌浸出液和浸出渣;其中氨溶液中[NH3]:[NH4 +]=1:1,液固比为3~7:1ml/g,搅拌速度为200~400rpm。经本方法微波焙烧预处理/超声波强化氨法高效浸出高炉瓦斯灰,其锌浸出率最高能达到92.1%。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种高炉瓦斯灰的浸出方法,属于高炉瓦斯灰处理技术领域。
背景技术
在循环经济条件下,对于钢铁冶炼废弃物综合利用的研究应运而生,其中钢铁生产过程中产生的含锌粉尘约占钢铁产量的8~12%,其生产量及堆存量巨大,且成分中含有大量的铁、铅、锌等微量元素,面对金属资源短缺以及处理含锌尘泥面临的环境污染问题,有效回收利用非传统资源已引起各国冶金企业和研究者的关注。钢铁厂含锌粉尘根据含锌量的高低可分为高锌粉尘(Zn>20%)、中高锌粉尘(Zn8%~20%)、中锌粉尘(Zn4%~8%)、中低锌粉尘(Zn1%~4%)和低锌粉尘(Zn<1%)。按生产工序钢铁厂含锌粉尘亦可分为:高炉粉尘(瓦斯灰和瓦斯泥),炼铁原料中95%~98%的锌以挥发物的形式进入粉尘,粉尘的锌含量是原料中的20~30倍;转炉粉尘,粉尘中铁含量较高;电炉(EAF)粉尘,电炉炼钢大多来自镀锌废钢,因此电炉粉尘含锌较高;其它粉尘,如烧结粉尘。
高炉瓦斯灰(泥)的产生过程比较复杂,其粒度细微,由于高炉炼铁过程中使用的铁矿石、焦碳、石灰石、白云石以及萤石等原料经过高炉内部不同温度区域十分复杂的氧化-还原等物理化学变化,其收集的粉尘中含有多种元素的自由态和复合物,其中以Fe2O3、ZnO、Al2O3、SiO2、CaO、MgO和PbO成分居多,另外还有以上元素为主的硫化物、硫酸盐、碳酸盐等形式存在的物质,成分比较复杂,其中有些成分会随原料、工艺、设备的不同,而使含量有很大的变化,但主要成分保持不变。采用扫描电镜(SEM,HitachiS-3000)及能谱分析(EDX)对高炉炼铁粉尘的Zn赋存形态进行深入分析,认为Zn可能以ZnO、ZnFe2O4、ZnSiO4、ZnSO4、ZnCl2等形式存在。分析结果还指出粉尘中磁铁矿为主要矿物,其次为赤铁矿和脉石(长石、石英、白云石、炭黑等)。矿物颗粒粒度很小,磁铁矿、赤铁矿等铁矿物与脉石相互嵌布、粘结,单体解离度较高,其中瓦斯灰中的矿物粒度一般在40μm~120μm之间,炭黑粒度在5μm一下,脉石表面常有细小颗粒的铁矿物嵌布及炭粉连接,铁矿物的单体解离度约为88%。
目前钢铁厂含锌粉尘处理工艺较多,但都存在未解决的问题。其中回转窑挥发法是含锌废料处理最传统的方法。
专利CN104532007A公开的“一种烧结机头电场除尘灰与高炉瓦斯灰综合利用的方法”,)该方法将混合料用回转窑焙烧进行还原挥发,还原后的含铁物料再回收返回铁矿石烧结使用,混合料中的锌、钾、铅以气态氧化物的形态富集,由回转窑除尘***收集,回转窑最高温度为1150℃,回转窑焙烧时间为8小时。
诸多类似的处理方法(如专利201410330341.5、201210369145.X、201110444928.5等)均属火法处理回收锌,其入炉料发热值都要求高、国内目前大部分企业入炉料发热值较高,作业率低,窑衬寿命短、综合耗能高、处理量小,投资大,焦炭消耗率大,尾渣含锌、炭高等能耗高,特别是对处置利用低品位物料时在经济上可行性差等缺点。
另外在湿法方面亦有诸多处理氧化锌矿以及高炉瓦斯灰的方法。
黄平等人在“用硫酸从高炉瓦斯灰(泥)中浸出锌、铟试验研究”一文中研究了用硫酸从高炉瓦斯泥中浸出铟、锌。该文采用强酸、高温浸出锌(原料含锌7.47%),且浸出过程要控制不同pH在4.8~5.0范围,Fe3+和In3+一道沉淀,而Zn2+、Fe2+及部分Cu2+留在溶液中,实验中,先用铁棒将Fe3+还原成Fe2+,再调pH水解得到沉铟渣;沉铟后的滤液加入高锰酸钾氧化沉淀铁,再以锌粉置换去除Cu2+、Cd2+、Ni2+等杂质,获得含锌溶液。该工艺存在工序复杂且杂质离子难以除尽,酸性体系下锌铁较难分离,且浸出温度较高,不经济等缺点。试验结果表明:用硫酸从高炉瓦斯泥中浸出锌、铟是可行的;在浸出时间90min、温度90℃、液固体积质量比5:1、硫酸浓度4.5mol/L条件下,锌浸出率最高达87.03%。
强酸浸出含锌钢铁烟尘具有锌浸出率高,渣含锌低且可直接返回炼铁***回收铁、碳等有价金属,但强酸浸出增加了高炉粉尘中铁的溶出,使浸出液含铁较高,必须在后续增加除铁工序,同时强酸浸出对设备耐腐蚀能力要求较高。弱酸浸出避免了大量铁的溶出且对设备的腐蚀性较弱,但是弱酸浸出锌的浸出率较低,渣含锌依然很高,不能直接返回配料处理,只能以含锌较高的副产品的形式回收锌,价值较低,需要进一步处理。
诸荣孙等人在“高炉瓦斯灰氨浸脱锌”一文中研究用采用的是NH3-NH4Cl体系浸出高炉瓦斯灰脱锌工艺过程。最佳浸出工艺条件为:室温、浸出时间3h、搅拌速度600r/min、液固比为4:1、氨水与氯化铵浓度均为2.5mol/L。在此条件下,浸出液锌浓度为23.36g/L,锌浸出率高达89%。浸出渣含锌量1.168%,经水洗后可直接作为高炉烧结原料。
氯铵法对于高炉瓦斯灰锌的浸出有一定的效果,但氯铵体系腐蚀性强,达到89%的锌回收率需浸出3h,浸出时间较长。
因此,如何避免酸法锌、铁难以分离,且钙、镁、硅等碱性脉石杂质进入浸出液造成后序除杂工序困难的难题,同时究解决冶金渣尘不同锌矿相矿物(氧化矿、硅锌矿、硫化矿)中金属锌同步、快速、高效溶出的难题,形成冶金尘渣含锌的不同矿相矿物非传统资源的同步绿色提取利用锌的新方法,是当下急需解决的问题,同时寻找合适的氨法复合配位浸出体系以及开发一种强化非传统锌资源浸出锌的方法,具有十分重要的意义。
发明内容
针对上述现有技术存在的问题及不足,本发明提供一种高效氨法浸出高炉瓦斯灰的预处理方法。该方法在微波焙烧预处理的基础上,利用冶金尘渣在配位浸出过程多配体对有价金属锌的选择性高、多配体能够提高与金属锌离子的配位能力、超声波等多因素能够强化阴离子的转化的优越性,共同促进矿物晶体结构破坏与金属锌溶出。同时该方法避免了酸法锌、铁难以分离,且钙、镁、硅等碱性脉石杂质进入浸出液造成后序除杂工序困难的难题,同时究解决冶金渣尘不同锌矿相矿物(氧化矿、硅锌矿、硫化矿)中金属锌同步、快速、高效溶出的难题,形成冶金尘渣含锌的不同矿相矿物非传统资源的同步绿色提取利用锌的新方法,从而推进有色金属锌的原材料产业绿色化升级。本发明通过以下技术方案实现。
一种高炉瓦斯灰的浸出方法,其具体步骤如下:
(1)微波焙烧预处理:首先向高炉瓦斯灰加入高炉瓦斯灰质量5~25%的CaO混合均匀后得到混合物料,然后将混合物料在微波焙烧温度为300~500℃条件下焙烧0.5~1.5h,得到焙砂;
焙烧预处理的目的是实现难浸出矿相(ZnFe2O4和Zn2SiO4)向易浸出ZnO矿相的转变,在氧化气氛下生成的氧化锌将保留在固体产物中,易于通过配位提取回收,氧化反应一般能耗较低,因此,宜在氧化条件下进行矿相转变,将复杂的铁酸锌、硅酸锌转化为氧化锌。主要发生如下反应:
ZnFe2O4+CaO=ZnO+2CaFe2O4
ZnSi2O4+2CaO=2ZnO+CaSiO3;
(2)浸出:将步骤(1)得到的焙砂研磨至粒度为40~160目,在超声波功率为600~1200W的超声场作用下,采用总氨浓度为3~6mol/L的氨溶液作为浸出剂,在25~45℃下进行搅拌浸出0.5~1.0h,然后进行固液分离,固体渣经5wt%氨水溶液多次洗涤处理,得到含锌浸出液和浸出渣;其中氨溶液中[NH3]:[NH4 +]=1:1,液固比为3~7:1ml/g,搅拌速度为200~400rpm。
所述步骤(1)中的高炉瓦斯灰中总锌含量为4~25wt%,总锌中ZnO含量2~13wt%、ZnSiO41~6wt%、ZnFe2O40.7~5wt%,其它含锌矿物占0.3~1wt%。
所述步骤(2)中的氨溶液为氨水(NH3·H2O)-CH3COONH4溶液或氨水(NH3·H2O)-C6H5O7(NH4)3。
本发明的有益效果是:本发明一方面微波焙烧预处理的实施实现了高负载难处理含锌矿相向易浸出ZnO相的转变,另一方面利用冶金尘渣在配位浸出过程多配体对有价金属锌的选择性高、多配体能够提高与金属锌离子的配位能力、超声波等多因素能够强化阴离子的转化的优越性,共同促进矿物晶体结构破坏与金属锌溶出。同时该方法避免了酸法锌、铁难以分离,且钙、镁、硅等碱性脉石杂质进入浸出液造成后序除杂工序困难的难题,同时究解决冶金渣尘不同锌矿相矿物(氧化矿、硅锌矿、硫化矿)中金属锌同步、快速、高效溶出的难题,形成冶金尘渣含锌的不同矿相矿物非传统资源的同步绿色提取利用锌的新方法,从而推进有色金属锌的原材料产业绿色化升级。经微波焙烧预处理/超声波强化氨法高效浸出高炉瓦斯灰,其锌浸出率最高能达到92.1%。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施方式,对本发明作进一步说明。
实施例1
该高炉瓦斯灰的浸出方法,其具体步骤如下:
(1)微波焙烧预处理:首先向高炉瓦斯灰(高炉瓦斯灰中总锌含量为25wt%,总锌中ZnO含量13wt%、ZnSiO46wt%、ZnFe2O45wt%,其它含锌矿物占1wt%)加入高炉瓦斯灰质量5%的CaO混合均匀后得到混合物料,然后将混合物料在微波焙烧温度为300℃条件下焙烧0.5h,得到焙砂;
(2)浸出:将步骤(1)得到的焙砂研磨至粒度为160目,在超声波功率为600W的超声场作用下,采用总氨浓度为3mol/L的氨溶液作为浸出剂,在25℃下进行搅拌浸出0.5h,然后进行固液分离,固体渣经5wt%氨水溶液多次洗涤处理,得到含锌浸出液和浸出渣;其中氨溶液为氨水(NH3·H2O)-CH3COONH4溶液,氨溶液中[NH3]:[NH4 +]=1:1,液固比为3:1ml/g,搅拌速度为200rpm。
上述得到的含锌浸出液经检测后锌浸出率达85%。
实施例2
该高炉瓦斯灰的浸出方法,其具体步骤如下:
(1)微波焙烧预处理:首先向高炉瓦斯灰(高炉瓦斯灰中总锌含量为4wt%,总锌中ZnO含量占2wt%、ZnSiO4占1wt%、ZnFe2O4占0.7wt%、其它含锌矿物占0.3wt%)加入高炉瓦斯灰质量15%的CaO混合均匀后得到混合物料,然后将混合物料在微波焙烧温度为400℃条件下焙烧1h,得到焙砂;
(2)浸出:将步骤(1)得到的焙砂研磨至粒度为40目,在超声波功率为1000W的超声场作用下,采用总氨浓度为5mol/L的氨溶液作为浸出剂,在45℃下进行搅拌浸出0.8h,然后进行固液分离,固体渣经5wt%氨水溶液多次洗涤处理,得到含锌浸出液和浸出渣;其中氨溶液为氨水(NH3·H2O)-CH3COONH4溶液(氨水浓度为2.5mol/L,CH3COONH4浓度为2.5mol/L),氨溶液中[NH3]:[NH4 +]=1:1,液固比为5:1ml/g,搅拌速度为300rpm。
上述得到的含锌浸出液经检测后锌浸出率达91.5%。
实施例3
该高炉瓦斯灰的浸出方法,其具体步骤如下:
(1)微波焙烧预处理:首先向高炉瓦斯灰(高炉瓦斯灰中总锌含量为15wt%,ZnO含量7.73wt%、ZnSiO43.94wt%、ZnFe2O42.63wt%、其它含锌矿物0.7wt%)加入高炉瓦斯灰质量25%的CaO混合均匀后得到混合物料,然后将混合物料在微波焙烧温度为500℃条件下焙烧1.5h,得到焙砂;
(2)浸出:将步骤(1)得到的焙砂研磨至粒度为100目,在超声波功率为1200W的超声场作用下,采用总氨浓度为6mol/L的氨溶液作为浸出剂,在30℃下进行搅拌浸出1.0h,然后进行固液分离,固体渣经5wt%氨水溶液多次洗涤处理,得到含锌浸出液和浸出渣;其中氨溶液为氨水(NH3·H2O)-C6H5O7(NH4)3溶液(氨水浓度为3mol/L,C6H5O7(NH4)3浓度为3mol/L),氨溶液中[NH3]:[NH4 +]=1:1,液固比为7:1ml/g,搅拌速度为400rpm。
上述得到的含锌浸出液经检测后锌浸出率达92.1%。
以上对本发明的具体实施方式作了详细说明,但是本发明并不限于上述实施方式,在本领域普通技术人员所具备的知识范围内,还可以在不脱离本发明宗旨的前提下作出各种变化。
Claims (3)
1.一种高炉瓦斯灰的浸出方法,其特征在于具体步骤如下:
(1)微波焙烧预处理:首先向高炉瓦斯灰加入高炉瓦斯灰质量5~25%的CaO混合均匀后得到混合物料,然后将混合物料在微波焙烧温度为300~500℃条件下焙烧0.5~1.5h,得到焙砂;
(2)浸出:将步骤(1)得到的焙砂研磨至粒度为40~160目,在超声波功率为600~1200W的超声场作用下,采用总氨浓度为3~6mol/L的氨溶液作为浸出剂,在25~45℃下进行搅拌浸出0.5~1.0h,然后进行固液分离,固体渣经5wt%氨水溶液多次洗涤处理,得到含锌浸出液和浸出渣;其中氨溶液中[NH3]:[NH4 +]=1:1,液固比为3~7:1ml/g,搅拌速度为200~400rpm。
2.根据权利要求1所述的高炉瓦斯灰的浸出方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(1)中的高炉瓦斯灰中总锌含量为4~25wt%,总锌中ZnO含量2~13wt%、ZnSiO41~6wt%、ZnFe2O40.7~5wt%,其它含锌矿物占0.3~1wt%。
3.根据权利要求1所述的高炉瓦斯灰的浸出方法,其特征在于:所述步骤(2)中的氨溶液为氨水-CH3COONH4溶液或氨水-C6H5O7(NH4)3。
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