CN105618675B - The casting method of sand cooling iron is covered with the shape - Google Patents
The casting method of sand cooling iron is covered with the shape Download PDFInfo
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- CN105618675B CN105618675B CN201511024513.7A CN201511024513A CN105618675B CN 105618675 B CN105618675 B CN 105618675B CN 201511024513 A CN201511024513 A CN 201511024513A CN 105618675 B CN105618675 B CN 105618675B
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- chill
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
- B22C9/02—Sand moulds or like moulds for shaped castings
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D27/00—Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile ; Pressure or vacuum casting
- B22D27/04—Influencing the temperature of the metal, e.g. by heating or cooling the mould
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- Molds, Cores, And Manufacturing Methods Thereof (AREA)
- Mold Materials And Core Materials (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to casting field, it is related to covering sand cooling iron, more particularly to a kind of casting method for covering sand cooling iron with the shape.The following steps are included: a, determining the thermal center number of casting；B, riser is set on casting wherein any one thermal center；C, chill is set at any one thermal center around the thermal center for determining setting riser, it d, is condition according to " the riser active region+end region+chill active region=entire casting of covering ", benefit sets riser and chill, repeats b-c step, set riser and chill is enable to cover entire casting.Compared with prior art, the advantages and positive effects of the present invention are, the present invention is by providing a kind of casting method for covering sand cooling iron with the shape, change in conventional casting techniques and a thermal center is solved the problems, such as with one block of chill, but the shape of chill is designed according to the shape of casting, and then make the zone of action of chill by putting face of moving towards, and then reach the defect in the presence of solving the problems, such as conventional casting techniques.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to casting field, it is related to covering sand cooling iron, more particularly to a kind of casting method for covering sand cooling iron with the shape.
Background technique
Casting is that the mankind grasp than a kind of metal heat processing technique earlier, and casting is to be cast to liquid metals and part
In the adaptable casting cavity of shape, the method after its cooled and solidified, to obtain part or blank.Mostly it was originally by casting material matter
Solid-state but the metal (example: copper, iron, aluminium, tin, lead etc.) for being heated to liquid, and the material of mold can be sand, metal and even make pottery
Porcelain.In response to different requirements, the method used be would also vary from.
In casting, due to structure and casting parameter, in die cavity when the molten steel solidification of the molten condition of each point
Between be it is unequal, this will generate after solidification thermal stress to casting, casting deformation, crackle etc. be caused, simultaneously as cooling
Setting times etc., casting will appear loose, and the defects of cold shut, stomata, to avoid generating thermal center, casting section thickness should be use up in structure
May the heat fatigue generated uniformly be concentrated to reduce mold amount of localized heat.The corner of casting is typically provided with casting appropriate
To avoid there is wedge angle position that stress is caused to generate on mold, while chill is arranged, to accelerate cooling velocity, together in fillet at thermal center
When, it is attached to above casting or the riser of side to avoid casting from defect occur, to solve these problems.
In traditional casting technique, usually to casting each thermal center setting riser, (riser may feeding one
A or multiple thermal centers), or the lesser thermal center in part is made to solidify in advance in Feeding channel to solve to mend using direct iron chill shock chilling
Contracting problem (but biggish thermal center lags solidification relative to Feeding channel, and chill is applied alone to tend not to solve the problems, such as).This design
Method riser feeding apart from it is enough when, shrinkage porosite or shrinkage cavity can be eliminated.But the casting pressing port more for thermal center, setting are excessive
Product yield can be very low；And chill excessively influences surface quality of continuous castings, stomata waste product increases.When casting is without apparent warm
The feeding distance of riser then shortens (this is for riser is placed near thermal center) when section, at this moment increases riser quantity work
Skill yield rate will be very low, and otherwise there may be shrinkage cavity or shrinkage porosites.In addition, riser excessively extend entire casting solidification when
Between, if sand hardness is insufficient, increase the chance that shrinkage porosite generates on casting.
Summary of the invention
The technical issues of present invention causes the setting of riser and chill more for above-mentioned traditional casting technique proposes one
The casting method for covering sand cooling iron with the shape that kind method is rationally, simple process, the easy to operate and casting time is short, yield rate is high.
In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is that the present invention provides one kind and covers sand cooling iron with the shape
Casting method, comprising the following steps:
A, the thermal center number of casting is determined；
B, riser is set on casting wherein any one thermal center；
C, chill is set at any one thermal center around the thermal center for determining setting riser, wherein the setting of the cooling
The following steps are included:
1., determine chill active region apply modulus；
2., determine the thickness of chill sand layer；
3., determine the active area of chill
4., determine the shape of cooling chill area；
5., determine the thickness of chill；
It d, is condition according to " the riser active region+end region+chill active region=entire casting of covering ", benefit sets riser and cold
Iron repeats b~step c, set riser and chill is enable to cover entire casting.
Preferably, the original depth of chill sand layer is 3mm~10mm in the 2. step.
The casting method according to claim 2 for covering sand cooling iron with the shape, which is characterized in that the acting surface of the chill
Long-pending formula isWherein, VOFor the volume of casting, M0For the initial modulus of casting, MrFor answering for casting
With modulus, f is the sampling factor f in chill section.
Preferably, the determination formula of the sampling factor f in the chill section isWherein δ is cold
The original depth of iron sand layer.
Preferably, the sand layer thickness to riser direction from far from being incremented by riser.
Preferably, the sand layer thickness maximum sand layer thickness is no more than 30mm.
Compared with prior art, the advantages and positive effects of the present invention are,
1, the present invention is changed cold with one piece in conventional casting techniques by providing a kind of casting method for covering sand cooling iron with the shape
Iron solves the problems, such as a thermal center, but the shape of chill is designed according to the shape of casting, and then make the zone of action of chill
Face is moved towards by point, and then reaches the defect in the presence of solving the problems, such as conventional casting techniques.
2, the casting method provided by the present invention for covering sand cooling iron with the shape can effectively prevent shrink defects, pass through reasonable cloth
Chill active region and feeding zone are set, adjusts the temperature after iron liquid fills type using sand cooling iron and running gate system cooperation is covered with the shape
, to achieve the purpose that consecutive solidification.
3, compared with prior art, the present invention the quantity of riser can be saved, to improve product yield.
4, what present invention offer offer was profile-followed covers sand cooling iron, and then ensure that chill region surface flatness problem, avoids
Because gas hole defect caused by oxide layer is thickeied or got rusty is used for a long time in chill.
Detailed description of the invention
In order to illustrate the technical solution of the embodiments of the present invention more clearly, required use in being described below to embodiment
Attached drawing be briefly described, it should be apparent that, drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the invention, for ability
For the those of ordinary skill of domain, without any creative labor, it can also be obtained according to these attached drawings others
Attached drawing.
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram for the joint fastener that embodiment 1 provides；
Fig. 2 is the structural schematic diagram for the differential mounting that embodiment 2 provides；
Fig. 3 is the structural schematic diagram for the planet wheel shell that embodiment 3 provides；
In above each figure, 1, casting；2, chill.
Specific embodiment
To better understand the objects, features and advantages of the present invention, with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples
The present invention will be further described.It should be noted that in the absence of conflict, in embodiments herein and embodiment
Feature can be combined with each other.
In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to facilitate a full understanding of the present invention, still, the present invention may be used also
To be implemented using other modes described herein are different from, therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific of specification is described below
The limitation of embodiment.
Embodiment 1, the present embodiment provides a kind of casting methods of joint fastener, specifically, the casting side of model bonding pad
Method:
Region division
As shown in Figure 1, according to casting features, casting has 3 thermal centers, and (thermal center is determined as ordinary skill in the art hand
Section, thus in the present embodiment, detailed description is not added), make riser against a thermal center feeding, riser is calculated according to basic module method
Feeding range, for expand riser feeding range, design cover sand cooling iron with the shape, make riser feeding range " riser active region+end
Petiolarea+chill active region " and cover entire casting.
The design of sand cooling iron is covered with the shape.
Determine that the modulus of applying of chill active region, the i.e. modulus of chill adjacent regions casting are derived from cutting for right end zone position
Face mould number is analyzed as 0.75cm；Then Mr≤ 0.75cm, takes Mr=0.70cm；
Determine chill sand layer thickness.Consider from the chill effect and operability of chill, design sand layer thickness δ=
4mm (under normal circumstances, take δ=3~10mm to give full play to the chill effect of chill, about the 1/10~1/5 of casting thickness and
Thickness is uniform；Sand layer thickness is also contemplated that convenient for operation.When chill active region is longer, i.e., when chill length is more than 500mm, cover
Sand layer thickness may be designed to the form being incremented by from separate riser to riser direction, and maximum gauge is less than 30mm).
Determine Quench surface area, it is first determined the volume of casting (this is this field conventional Calculation Method, therefore in the present embodiment
Not explain in detail), obtain V0=526cm3, M0=0.79cm (M0For the initial modulus of casting, i.e., equal to the volume of casting and
The ratio of heat transfer surface area)；
Known Mr=0.70cm, Quench expanded surface area coefficient
ThenDetermine the shape in iron chill shock chilling face, the shape of chill is according to chill
The shape of zone of action casting is determined, and iron chill shock chilling face width is consistent with the shape of casting, is A ' according to its Quench surface areach,
Calculate the length of chill, formula are as follows:
B=A 'ch/ L (in practical operation, is calculated according to the data conveniently known, in the present embodiment, is conveniently swashed
Huyashi-chuuka (cold chinese-style noodles) width x width, therefore calculate its length)
Then the thickness for determining chill again, according to formula:
δch=(0.75~1.0) δc=(1.5~2.0) M0
Wherein, δcIt is the thickness of casting, M0It is the initial modulus of casting, in the present embodiment, casting thickness 21mm, design
Chill is with a thickness of casting thickness: δch=21mm.
In the present embodiment, totally three thermal centers, therefore in riser and under the action of cover sand cooling iron with the shape, it completely covers entire
Casting, therefore be not required to that other riser are arranged again.
Then 3D model is drawn, its reasonability of casting simulation software simplation verification is used.
Using effect:
After covering sand cooling iron process with the shape: surface is without puncture；Eliminate surface pores；Eliminate subsidy；Anatomy verification
Internal zero defect coincide with analog result；Fewer than original process to use a riser, product yield improves 8%.
Embodiment 2, the present embodiment provides differential mounting casting methods, specifically, the casting of model differential mounting
Method:
Region division:
As shown in Fig. 2, according to casting features, casting has 3 thermal centers, planform with it is similar, can be used and cover sand with the shape
Riser is arranged in Chill, an optional thermal center, makes riser against a thermal center feeding, calculates riser according to basic module method
Feeding range, to expand riser feeding range, design covers sand cooling iron with the shape, makes riser feeding range " riser active region+end
Area+chill active region " and cover entire casting.
The design of sand cooling iron is covered with the shape
Determine chill active region applies modulus.That is the modulus of chill adjacent regions casting is derived from cutting for right end zone position
Face mould number is analyzed as 0.87cm；Then Mr≤0.87cm takes Mr=0.81cm；
Determine chill sand layer thickness.Consider from the chill effect and operability of chill, design sand layer thickness δ=
3mm, sand layer thickness range are set according to the actual situation between 3mm~10mm.
It determines Quench surface area, first calculates the volume of casting, obtain V0=865.6cm3, M0=0.86cm (M0For the first of casting
Beginning modulus, the i.e. ratio equal to the volume of casting and heat transfer surface area)；
Quench expanded surface area coefficient
Known Mr=0.81cm, then
Determine that the shape in iron chill shock chilling face, the shape of chill are determined according to the shape of chill zone of action casting, chill swashs
Huyashi-chuuka (cold chinese-style noodles) width is consistent with the shape of casting, is A ' according to its Quench surface areach, calculate the length of chill.Then it determines again cold
The thickness of iron, according to formula:
δch=(0.75~1.0) δc=(1.5~2.0) M0
Wherein, δcIt is the thickness of casting, M0It is the initial modulus of casting, in the present embodiment, casting thickness 22mm, design
Chill is with a thickness of casting thickness: δch=20mm.
In the present embodiment, totally three thermal centers, therefore in riser and under the action of cover sand cooling iron with the shape, it completely covers entire
Casting, therefore be not required to that other riser are arranged again.
Then 3D model is drawn, its reasonability of casting simulation software simplation verification is used.
The casting produced with the technique.After covering sand cooling iron process with the shape, 1 shared riser, product yield are only needed
65%, and the product yield of similar products is then in 40-50% or so.Casting dissects dyeing inspection and x-ray detection without discovery
Internal flaw is coincide with analog result.
Embodiment 3, the present embodiment provides the casting methods of planet wheel shell casting
As shown in figure 3, this casting flange ring-type is well-balanced, there is no end region after setting up riser to flange side.Using profile-followed
An artificial end region can be created by covering sand cooling iron.Flange thickness is 16mm, looks into related casting handbook and obtains riser feeding distance about
For 127mm, the wide 54mm in riser root, then riser feeding section length is 127+54+127=308mm, and remaining flange region is set
For chill active region.
Determine chill active region and chill length.Flange 320 × 3.14=1004.8 of perimeter φ (mm), then chill active region
Chill in order to facilitate processing, therefore is divided into 3 pieces, every piece since the length of chill is too long by length 1004.8-308=696.8mm
It is uniformly distributed to be located at same core by length L=226mm.
In view of the total length of chill is more than 500mm, therefore determine one block chill sand of the chill sand layer thickness δ far from riser
The uniform 3mm of thickness degree, the two block chills adjacent with riser are incremented to 10mm towards riser direction sand layer thickness from 3mm, between chill
Away from 10mm.
Determine chill active region applies modulus Mr, and the modulus of section of chill adjacent regions casting is 0.65cm, due to cold
Iron area covers sand thickness and is incremented by by 3mm to 10mm, so modulus of section is incremented by therewith, covers maximum at sand thickness 10mm, maximum value
≤ 0.65cm is answered, is maximized as 0.6cm.
Determine Quench surface area A 'ch, it is known that cover the position sand thickness 10mm applies modulus Mr=0.6cm, corresponding Quench table
Area sampling factorV0=233cm3, M0=0.65cm；
Then
From riser farther out chill region apply modulus Mr1It calculates:
VO=233cm3, MO=0.65cm；
Determine the shape in iron chill shock chilling face.Iron chill shock chilling face width
B=A 'ch/ L=71.12/22.6=3.15cm=31.5mm
(in the present embodiment, the length of chill is customization, therefore calculates its width)
Determine the thickness of chill.Casting equivalent depth 16mm designs chill thickness δch=16mm.
3D model is drawn, its reasonability of casting simulation software simplation verification is used.
The scope of application
Design and improvement suitable for cast steel and cast iron sand casting process.Casting shrink defects are prevented, technique is improved and goes out
Product rate.
It can pay the utmost attention under following situations using this method.
1. because of process requirement and " profile-followed " the easy design of chill and production, when moulding installation is easy to operate；
2. traditional design method needs riser number more, when product yield is lower；
3. traditional design method needs chill number more, there is the defects of uneven surface, stomata, and chill distribution is opposite
When concentration；
4. shrinkage porosite distribution is more dispersed, when traditional design method is not easy to avoid；
5. need to increase riser feeding apart from when, chill size can be increased and be improved to cover sand cooling iron with the shape；
6. be not intended to using subsidy or bad subsidy using effect, it can be selected and cover sand cooling iron process with the shape to cancel or subtract
Small subsidy.
The above described is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, being not that the invention has other forms of limitations, appoint
What those skilled in the art changed or be modified as possibly also with the technology contents of the disclosure above equivalent variations etc.
It imitates embodiment and is applied to other fields, but without departing from the technical solutions of the present invention, according to the technical essence of the invention
Any simple modification, equivalent variations and remodeling to the above embodiments, still fall within the protection scope of technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of casting method for covering sand cooling iron with the shape, which comprises the following steps:
A, the thermal center number of casting is determined；
B, riser is set on casting wherein any one thermal center；
C, chill is set at any one thermal center around the thermal center for determining setting riser, wherein
The setting of the chill the following steps are included:
1., determine chill active region apply modulus；
2., determine the thickness of chill sand layer；
3., determine the active area of chill；
4., determine the shape of cooling chill area；
5., determine the thickness of chill；
It d, is condition according to " the riser active region+end region+chill active region=entire casting of covering ", benefit sets riser and chill,
B~step c is repeated, set riser and chill is enable to cover entire casting.
2. the casting method according to claim 1 for covering sand cooling iron with the shape, which is characterized in that in the 2. step, chill
The original depth of sand layer is 3mm~10mm.
3. the casting method according to claim 2 for covering sand cooling iron with the shape, which is characterized in that the active area of the chill
Formula beWherein, VOFor the volume of casting, M0For the initial modulus of casting, MrMould is applied for casting
Number, f are the sampling factor in chill section.
4. the casting method according to claim 3 for covering sand cooling iron with the shape, which is characterized in that the expansion in the chill section
The determination formula of coefficient f isWherein δ is the original depth of chill sand layer.
5. the casting method according to claim 4 for covering sand cooling iron with the shape, which is characterized in that the sand layer thickness is by remote
It is incremented by from riser to riser direction.
6. the casting method according to claim 5 for covering sand cooling iron with the shape, which is characterized in that the sand layer thickness is maximum
Sand layer thickness is no more than 30mm.
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Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN107537995A (en) * | 2016-06-27 | 2018-01-05 | 科华控股股份有限公司 | It is a kind of to prevent casting appearance boss from producing the loose forming surface formula chill of shrinkage cavity |
| CN107537996A (en) * | 2016-06-27 | 2018-01-05 | 科华控股股份有限公司 | It is a kind of to prevent casting Quench position from producing stomata and covering sand cooling iron construction |
| CN107159847A (en) * | 2017-04-12 | 2017-09-15 | 共享铸钢有限公司 | A kind of casting method of steam turbine inner casing casting |
| CN107470592A (en) * | 2017-09-21 | 2017-12-15 | 苏州沙特卡铸造有限公司 | One kind covers sand cooling iron construction and its manufacture craft |
| CN108044073B (en) * | 2018-01-23 | 2019-08-27 | 洛阳乾中新材料科技有限公司 | A kind of preparation method of chill with exhaust level and preparation method thereof, casting |
| CN111673044B (en) * | 2020-06-15 | 2022-09-06 | 共享装备股份有限公司 | Sand-isolation chilled iron placing mode |
| CN114985699B (en) * | 2022-05-30 | 2024-05-28 | 共享装备股份有限公司 | Method for marking cold iron position by using process plate |
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