CN105613185B - A kind of shaping methods of apple tree slender spindle like - Google Patents
A kind of shaping methods of apple tree slender spindle like Download PDFInfo
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- CN105613185B CN105613185B CN201610057236.8A CN201610057236A CN105613185B CN 105613185 B CN105613185 B CN 105613185B CN 201610057236 A CN201610057236 A CN 201610057236A CN 105613185 B CN105613185 B CN 105613185B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a kind of shaping methods of apple tree slender spindle like, including：(1) fruit nursery stock is colonized, is fixed dry；(2) promote fruit nursery stock rudiment and grow tender tip；(3) branch grown up to tender tip carries out weighing cutting back first；(4) cutting back is weighed again to branch of the length more than 20cm after weight cutting back first 20 days；(5) fruit tree progress winter is cut；(6) fruit tree field planting Second Year, it is dry to center to extend on branch the branch repeat step (3) newly grown and (4)；(7) newborn long branch is handled on the major branch retained then field planting；(8) fruit tree progress winter is cut；(9) fruit tree is colonized the 3rd year, repeat step (6) to (8), completes apple tree slender spindle like shaping.The inventive method is easy to operate, can save trunk infusion, ahead of time into high yield period, saves artificial, effect protrusion, major branch rugosity and length in control apple planting culture slender spindle like shaping, to promoting apple planting culture meaningful.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Apple Culture field.More particularly, to a kind of shaping methods of slender spindle apple shape.
Background technology
At present the Main Cultivation pattern of China's apple be using the Vigorating compact planting pattern of vigorous stock such as Malus spectabilis, mountain fourth and
Using the Cold region apple pattern of the dwarfing rootstock such as M systems or SH systems, because the tree-like crown diameter of slender spindle like is small, shaping technique is simple,
It is widely used in apple planting culture.
The main technology applied at present in the shaping of slender spindle apple shape is branch pulling and angle opening, to delay major branch to grow, is protected
Hold the dry growth vigor in center.I.e. in the long 15-20cm of the branch that is sent on center is dry with toothpick angle of release, or long 40cm of branch or so
When with open-angle device angle of release, branch base angle is more than or equal to 90 degree；Then before and after autumn then or next spring rudiment, with fiber crops
Bag line or plastic ties etc. carry out drawing branch, make branch tip angle keep level or below horizontal.Although technology is simple, take a lot of work a lot.
In addition, in summer abundant rainfall, the eugonic area of apple secondary, downgraded using tall anvil building well or SH systems etc. half
During anvil building well, even if after having done the measures such as branch pulling and angle opening, by drawn shoot growth is vigorous, branch is excessively thick, long, when cutting in the winter
Also to wipe out, waste substantial amounts of trunk infusion and artificial, delay result.
In view of this, it is special to propose the present invention.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of shaping methods of slender spindle apple shape, it is thin to solve apple planting culture
The problem that major branch rugosity and length are difficult to control in long spindle shaping.
To reach above-mentioned purpose, the present invention uses following technical proposals：
A kind of shaping methods of apple tree slender spindle like, include the step of this method：
(1) fruit nursery stock is colonized, is fixed dry；
(2) promote fruit nursery stock rudiment and grow tender tip；
(3) branch grown up to tender tip carries out weighing cutting back first；
(4) cutting back is weighed again to branch of the length more than 20cm after weight cutting back first 20 days；
(5) fruit tree progress winter is cut；
(6) fruit tree field planting Second Year, it is dry to center to extend on branch the branch repeat step (3) newly grown and (4)；
(7) newborn long branch is handled on the major branch retained then field planting；
(8) fruit tree progress winter is cut；
(9) fruit tree is colonized the 3rd year, repeat step (6) to (8), completes apple tree slender spindle like shaping.
Further, step (1) specifically includes：
After fruit nursery stock field planting, on ground, above 1-1.2m eminences are done surely；
Further, step (2) specifically includes：
(1) after nursery stock is surely dry, nursery stock is covered into upper polybag from top to the part away from ground 50cm, and tighten polybag two
End；
(2) Sprout period grows tender tip, and the polybag put is removed as the long 5cm of tender tip.
Further, step (3) specifically includes：
When late June fruit nursery stock starts to grow young sprout, 20cm young sprout is exceeded to length, retains young sprout base portion one and encloses
Verticillate blade, weight cutting back is carried out at young sprout base portion 1-3cm
Further, step (4) specifically includes：
After weight cutting back 20 days first is carried out, weight cutting back processing, processing side are carried out again to young sprout of the length more than 20cm
Method is identical with weighing cutting back method first.
Further, step (5) specifically includes：
(1) extend the light cutting back in branch top center is dry, cut to stay to do centered on length and extend branch 3/4-4/5；
(2) the maximum branch of the angle that weight cutting back position is sent again is retained in, is removed in same heavy cutting back
Other branches that position is sent；
(3) branch that the dry upper rugosity in center exceedes the dry crude degree 1/3 in center is removed；
(4) remove dry overlapping, the overstocked branch in center, make center do the root spacing of the same side branch 30cm with
On, the root spacing of the adjacent branch in left and right is in more than 10cm；
(5) it is 5-7 finally to retain the branch quantity done at center.
Further, step (7) specifically includes：It will be colonized to do away from center on the major branch retained then and newly grown within 15cm
Branch all remove, when the shoot growth of upper growth is to 15-20cm upwards and tiltedly beyond 15cm, all the torsion tips or be pulled to down
Hang down；Other horizontal or growth branch reservation downwards is motionless.
Further, step (8) specifically includes：
(1) extend the light cutting back in branch top center is dry, cut to stay to do centered on length and extend branch 3/4-4/5；
(2) branch for the angle maximum that weight cutting back position is sent is retained in, removes and is sent out at same heavy cutting back position
The other branches gone out；
(3) branch that the dry upper rugosity in center exceedes the dry crude degree 1/3 in center is removed；
(4) remove dry overlapping, the overstocked branch in center, make center do the root spacing of the same side branch 30cm with
On, the root spacing of the adjacent branch in left and right is in more than 10cm；
(5) it is 12-16 finally to retain the branch quantity done at center.
Further, the apple tree form structure by slender spindle like shaping is：Height of tree 3-4m, crown diameter 2-.4m, major branch
Number 25-30.
Further, the polybag is long 0.6m-0.8m, wide 10cm polybag.
The apple tree slender spindle like shaping methods can be additionally used in the slender spindle like shaping of pear tree, peach.
Beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows：
The inventive method is easy to operate, can save and draw branch material and recruitment, saves trunk infusion, fruit tree is shaped ahead of time,
Result ahead of time, protruded ahead of time into high yield period, effect, to promoting apple planting culture to be significant.
Embodiment
In order to illustrate more clearly of the present invention, with reference to preferred embodiment, the present invention is described further.
Example 1
Apple Qiao's anvil planting culture slender spindle like shaping
Fuji apple seedling of the grafting on Malus spectabilis stock is colonized by 3m × 5m seeding row spacing, in ground above nursery stock 1m-
1.2m eminences are done surely；After doing calmly, the long 0.6m-0.8m of square set, wide 10cm elongate plastic bag, tighten polybag two on nursery stock
End, promote rudiment；Ventilation in time is paid attention to after rudiment, prevent it is roasting hinder tender shoots, remove polybag completely during the long 5cm of tender tip.
When late June autumn growth starts growth, center is done in addition to the dry extension branch in center, length exceedes the new of 20cm
The tip, retain young sprout base portion one and enclose verticillate blade, first time weight cutting back, promotes the young sprout to sprout again at young sprout base portion 1cm-3cm
Bud, carry out diauxic growth；Other young sprouts for having stopped length are promoted to start diauxic growth simultaneously.
Weight cutting back handle 20 days after, to length more than 20cm young sprout again carry out weight cutting back processing, processing method with
Weight cutting back is identical for the first time.
After weighing cutting back twice, it is generally individually smaller than it in the young sprout rugosity that same heavy cutting back position is sent again and life
1/3 (it is the standard that young sprout can retain to be less than 1/3) of the dry crude degree in position center, can retain when cutting in the winter, without as passing
System method such winter will cut off all young sprouts that center is done when cutting.This method shaping is so used, the young sprout remained is
Biennial long season can be carried out promoting to spend processing, and conventional method ratio, can reach increase early stage branch amount, early shaping, precocity fruiting,
The purpose early got bumper crops.
When winter cuts, extend cutting back at the top of branch center is dry, cut to stay to do centered on length and extend branch 3/4-4/5；It is retained in weight
The branch for the angle maximum that cutting back position is sent, removes the other branches sent at same heavy cutting back position；Such as
Same heavy cutting back position typically can sprout 1-3 young sprouts, if being respectively 60 degree, 90 degree and 120 with the dry angle in center
Degree, then retain the branch that angle is 120 degree；Remove the branch that the dry upper rugosity in center exceedes the dry crude degree 1/3 in center；Do at the center of removing
Upper overlapping, overstocked branch；Center is set to do the spacing of the same side branch root in more than 30cm, the root of the adjacent branch in left and right
Spacing is in more than 10cm；It is 5-7 finally to retain the branch quantity done at center.
Second Year is colonized, last year is retained and the branch that is newly grown within 15cm is done away from center on major branch all removes, 15cm
When the shoot growth of upper growth is to 15-20cm upwards and tiltedly in addition, all turns round the tip or be pulled to sagging；Other horizontal or growth downwards
Branch retains motionless.When winter cuts, extend the light cutting back in branch top center is dry, cut to stay to do centered on length and extend branch 3/4-4/5；Protect
The branch for the angle maximum that weight cutting back position is sent is stayed in, removes the other branches sent at same heavy cutting back position；
Remove the branch that the dry upper rugosity in center exceedes the dry crude degree 1/3 in center；Dry overlapping, the overstocked branch in center is removed, makes center
The spacing of dry the same side branch root is in more than 30cm, and the root spacing of the adjacent branch in left and right is in more than 10cm；In finally retaining
Branch quantity on the heart is dry is 12-16.
Be colonized the 3rd year it is identical with Second Year processing.Handled by 3 years, the shaping of slender spindle apple shape is completed.
Comparative example 1
By traditional elongate spindle shaping methods shaping：
Field planting is done surely after ground above nursery stock 1m-1.2m eminences, plastic sleeve pocket；Upper length dry to center is more than 20cm's
Young sprout carries out branch pulling and angle opening, and branch base angle reaches 90-120 degree；It is late August to early September, length is small more than 45cm, angle
90-120 degree is all pulled in 90 degree of young sprouts；When winter cuts, the dry secateurs that extends in center stays 3/4-4/5, other dry upper branches of center
All remove；Second Year, the young sprout continued on dry to center carry out branch pulling and angle opening；When winter cuts, remove the dry upper rugosity in center and be more than
The branch of the dry crude degree 1/3 in center, removes overstocked, overlapping branch；Handle same Second Year within 3rd year.
After First Year fall foliage is colonized, the conventional cosmetic method of shaping methods and comparative example 1 to Application Example 1
The apple tree of processing is contrasted, and each 50 plants of trees of investigation, investigation index includes：Center is dry to extend branch length, major branch length, major branch
Rugosity.As a result show：The apple tree handled using this method, center is dry to extend branch length average out to 1.55m, major branch number average out to
8, major branch length average out to 0.72m, major branch rugosity average out to 0.83cm, limb is than average out to 1：2.95, close to 1：3 will
Ask, can retain substantially；The apple tree handled using conventional cosmetic method, center is dry to extend branch length average out to 1.55m, major branch
Number average out to 5, major branch length average out to 1.02m, major branch rugosity average out to 1.05cm, limb is than average out to 1：1.98 limb
Than too big, major branch can not retain, and will be removed when the winter cuts.
After the 3rd year fall foliage is colonized, the biography of slender spindle like shaping methods and comparative example 1 to Application Example 1
The fruit tree of system slender spindle like shaping methods processing, each 50 plants of investigation, investigation index includes：Center is dry to extend branch length, major branch
Length, major branch rugosity.As a result show：The apple tree handled using this method, height of tree average out to 3.5m, crown diameter average out to 2.4m,
Major branch number average out to 25, reforming process is basically completed；The apple tree handled using conventional cosmetic method, height of tree average out to
3.8m, crown diameter average out to 2.6m, major branch number average out to 20 are tree-like closer to free spindle.
When the 3rd year and the 4th year autumn fruit maturation, investigation is using each 50 plants of the tree of two kinds of shaping methods, meter respectively
Calculate single plant yield.As a result show：The apple tree of the method processing of Application Example 1, the 3rd year single plant yield average out to 12kg, the
4 years single plant yield average out to 30kg；The apple tree of the conventional process of Comparison study example 1, the 3rd year single plant yield average out to
5kg, the 4th year single plant yield average out to 15kg.
Embodiment 2
Cultivation of Apple Under Dwarf And Close Planting slender spindle like shaping
Miyazaki brachyplast Fuji apple seedling of the grafting on SH6 dwarfing interstocks is colonized by 2m × 4m seeding row spacing, according to
The present embodiment shaping methods carry out slender spindle like shaping.Using the traditional elongate spindle shaping methods of comparative example 1 as control.
After field planting then fall foliage, respectively at the conventional cosmetic method of the investigation shaping methods of embodiment 2 and comparative example 1
Each 50 plants of the tree of reason, investigation index includes：Center is dry to extend branch length, major branch length, major branch rugosity.As a result show：Using this
The apple tree of shaping methods processing, center is dry to extend branch length average out to 1.35m, and major branch number average out to 7, major branch length is averaged
For 0.6m, major branch rugosity average out to 0.76cm, limb is than average out to 1：3.02；The apple tree handled using conventional cosmetic method,
The dry extension branch length average out to 1.28m in center, major branch number average out to 4, major branch length average out to 0.92m, major branch rugosity are averaged
For 0.94cm, limb is than average out to 1：1.96.
Investigation is using each 50 plants of the apple tree of two kinds of shaping methods after the 3rd year fall foliage, and investigation index is including setting
High, crown diameter and major branch number.As a result show：The apple tree of the shaping methods processing of Application Example 2, height of tree average out to 3.2m, hat
Footpath average out to 2.2m, major branch number average out to 23；The apple tree of the conventional cosmetic method processing of Comparison study example 1, the height of tree are average
For 2.9m, crown diameter average out to 2.4m, major branch number average out to 20.
When the 3rd year and the 4th year autumn fruit maturation, investigation is using each 50 plants of the tree of two kinds of shaping methods, meter respectively
Calculate single plant yield.As a result show：The apple tree of the method processing of Application Example 2, the 3rd year single plant yield average out to 12kg, the
Four annuals are 20kg；The apple tree of the method processing of Comparison study example 1, the 3rd year single plant yield average out to 5kg, the 4th year single
Strain yield average out to 10kg.
Therefore, compared with conventional method, shaping methods early yield of the invention is higher, and premature labor Productive Potential is bigger.
Obviously, the above embodiment of the present invention is only intended to clearly illustrate example of the present invention, and is not pair
The restriction of embodiments of the present invention, for those of ordinary skill in the field, may be used also on the basis of the above description
To make other changes in different forms, all embodiments can not be exhaustive here, it is every to belong to this hair
Row of the obvious changes or variations that bright technical scheme is extended out still in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of shaping methods of apple tree slender spindle like, it is characterised in that include the step of this method：
(1) fruit nursery stock is colonized, is fixed dry；
(2) promote fruit nursery stock rudiment and grow tender tip；
(3) branch grown up to tender tip carries out weighing cutting back first；
(4) cutting back is weighed again to branch of the length more than 20cm after weight cutting back first 20 days；
(5) fruit tree progress winter is cut；
(6) fruit tree field planting Second Year, it is dry to center to extend on branch the branch repeat step (3) newly grown and (4)；
(7) newborn long branch is handled on the major branch retained then field planting；
(8) fruit tree progress winter is cut；
(9) fruit tree is colonized the 3rd year, repeat step (6) to (8), completes apple tree slender spindle like shaping.
2. shaping methods according to claim 1, it is characterised in that
Step (1) specifically includes：After fruit nursery stock field planting, on ground, above 1-1.2m eminences are done surely；
Step (2) specifically includes：
(1) after nursery stock is surely dry, nursery stock is covered into upper polybag from top to the part away from ground 50cm, and tighten polybag both ends；
(2) Sprout period grows tender tip, and the polybag put is removed as the long 5cm of tender tip.
3. shaping methods according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step (3) specifically includes：
When late June fruit nursery stock starts to grow young sprout, 20cm young sprout is exceeded to length, reservation young sprout base portion one encloses verticillate
Blade, weight cutting back is carried out at young sprout base portion 1-3cm.
4. shaping methods according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step (4) specifically includes：
After weight cutting back 20 days first is carried out, carry out weight cutting back processing again to young sprout of the length more than 20cm, processing method with
It is identical that cutting back method is weighed first.
5. shaping methods according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step (5) specifically includes：
(1) extend the light cutting back in branch top center is dry, cut to stay to do centered on length and extend branch 3/4-4/5；
(2) the maximum branch of the angle that weight cutting back position is sent again is retained in, is removed at same heavy cutting back position
The other branches sent；
(3) branch that the dry upper rugosity in center exceedes the dry crude degree 1/3 in center is removed；
(4) dry overlapping, the overstocked branch in center is removed, center is done the root spacing of the same side branch in more than 30cm,
The root spacing of the adjacent branch in left and right is in more than 10cm；
(5) it is 5-7 finally to retain the branch quantity done at center.
6. shaping methods according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step (7) specifically includes：It will be colonized what is retained then
The branch newly grown within 15cm is done on major branch away from center all to remove, the shoot growth of upper growth arrives upwards and tiltedly beyond 15cm
During 15-20cm, all turn round the tip or be pulled to sagging；Other horizontal or growth branch reservation downwards is motionless.
7. shaping methods according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step (8) specifically includes：
(1) extend the light cutting back in branch top center is dry, cut to stay to do centered on length and extend branch 3/4-4/5；
(2) branch for the angle maximum that weight cutting back position is sent is retained in, removes what is sent at same heavy cutting back position
Other branches；
(3) branch that the dry upper rugosity in center exceedes the dry crude degree 1/3 in center is removed；
(4) dry overlapping, the overstocked branch in center is removed, center is done the root spacing of the same side branch in more than 30cm,
The root spacing of the adjacent branch in left and right is in more than 10cm；
(5) it is 12-16 finally to retain the branch quantity done at center.
8. shaping methods according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the apple tree form knot by slender spindle like shaping
Structure is：Height of tree 3-4m, crown diameter 2-4m, major branch number 25-30.
9. shaping methods according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：The polybag is long 0.6m-0.8m, wide 10cm
Polybag.
10. shaping methods according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The shaping methods can be additionally used in pear tree, peach
Slender spindle like shaping.
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| CN106069259B (en) * | 2016-06-24 | 2019-05-10 | 福建省农业科学院果树研究所 | A kind of fruit picking soapberry shaping and trimming method |
| CN107347569A (en) * | 2017-09-01 | 2017-11-17 | 李国梁 | A kind of Qiaoization Fuji apple tree body control hat trimming and finishing method |
| CN108476974A (en) * | 2018-04-10 | 2018-09-04 | 宁夏万齐农业股份有限公司 | Loud, high-pitched sound hybridizes the inoculation method of apple with autumn richness |
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