CN105572922B - Photonic crystal T-shaped waveguide right-angle output double-path reverse optical clock signal generator - Google Patents
Photonic crystal T-shaped waveguide right-angle output double-path reverse optical clock signal generator Download PDFInfo
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- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
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Abstract
The invention discloses a photonic crystal T-shaped waveguide right-angle output based two-way reversed-phase optical clock signal generator, which comprises a photonic crystal T-shaped waveguide with a TE forbidden band; the generator also comprises an input end (1), two output ends (2, 3), a background silicon medium column (4), an isosceles right triangle defect medium column (5) and a defect medium column (6), an electromagnet (7) for providing a bias magnetic field and a rectangular wave current source (9); the left end of the photonic crystal T-shaped waveguide is an input end (1), and output ends (2 and 3) are respectively positioned at the right end and the upper end of the photonic crystal T-shaped waveguide; the defective dielectric column (6) is positioned at the central intersection of the T-shaped waveguide; 4 isosceles right triangle defect medium columns (5) are respectively positioned at four crossed corners of the T-shaped waveguide; TE carrier light is input into the photonic crystal waveguide through a port (1), and two paths of optical clock signals with opposite phases are output from ports (2 and 3). The invention can efficiently realize the TE optical double-path reverse optical clock signal generator.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a double-path reverse optical clock signal generator, in particular to a photonic crystal T-shaped waveguide right-angle output double-path reverse optical clock signal generator.
Background
The traditional two-way optical clock signal generator with adjustable duty ratio and mutual logical negation applies a geometrical optics principle, so that the two-way optical clock signal generator is large in size and cannot be used in optical path integration. The combination of magneto-optical materials and novel photonic crystals has proposed many photonic devices, the most important property of which is the gyromagnetic non-reciprocity of electromagnetic waves under a bias magnetic field, so that the magnetic photonic crystals not only have optical rotation characteristics, but also have larger transmission bandwidth and higher propagation efficiency. Tiny devices, including dual-path inverted optical clock generators, can be fabricated based on photonic crystals. The photonic crystal waveguide light path of the dual-path inverted optical clock signal generator is generally constructed by introducing line defects into the photonic crystal. The optical clock is an important component of optical communication, optical logic devices, optical information processing systems and optical computation, has wide application value, and the compact optical clock generator is an important component of an integrated wide-interest chip.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art and provides a photonic crystal T-shaped waveguide right-angle output two-way reversed-phase optical clock signal generator which is small in structure volume, high in efficiency, short in distance and convenient to integrate.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme.
The invention relates to a photonic crystal T-shaped waveguide right-angle output double-path reverse optical clock signal generator, which comprises a photonic crystal T-shaped waveguide with a TE forbidden band; the generator also comprises an input end 1, two output ends 2 and 3, a background silicon medium column 4, an isosceles right triangle defect medium column 5 and a defect medium column 6, and also comprises an electromagnet 7 for providing a bias magnetic field and a rectangular wave current source 9; the left end of the photonic crystal T-shaped waveguide is an input end 1; the output end 2 and the output end 3 are respectively positioned at the right end and the upper end of the photonic crystal T-shaped waveguide; the defective dielectric column 6 is positioned at the central intersection of the T-shaped waveguide; the 4 isosceles right triangle defect medium columns 5 are respectively positioned at four crossed corners of the T-shaped waveguide; TE light is input into the photonic crystal waveguide through a port 1, and two paths of optical clock signals with opposite phases are output from a port 2 and a port 3.
The generator further comprises a lead 8, and one end of the electromagnet 7 is connected with one end of a rectangular wave current source 9 through the lead 8; the direction of the bias magnetic field provided by the electromagnet 7 varies periodically with time.
The photonic crystal is a two-dimensional tetragonal lattice photonic crystal.
The photonic crystal is composed of a high-refractive-index dielectric material and a low-refractive-index material, wherein the high-refractive-index dielectric material is silicon or a medium with a refractive index larger than 2; the low-refractive-index medium is air or a medium with a refractive index smaller than 1.4.
The T-shaped waveguide is a structure formed by removing a middle transverse row and a middle vertical row of dielectric columns from the photonic crystal.
And 4 background medium columns 4 at the crossed corners of the T-shaped waveguide are respectively deleted with one corner to form isosceles right-angle triangular defect medium columns, and the isosceles right-angle triangular defect medium columns 5 are triangular columns.
The background silicon dielectric column 4 is square.
The square silicon medium column rotates anticlockwise by 41 degrees along the direction of the axis z of the medium column.
The defect medium column 6 is a ferrite square column, the shape of the defect medium column is square, the magnetic conductivity of the ferrite square column is anisotropic, and the defect medium column is controlled by a bias magnetic field, and the direction of the bias magnetic field is along the axial direction of the ferrite square column.
The port 2 is arranged at right angles to the port 3.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
(1) the structure has small volume, fast time response and high optical transmission efficiency, and is suitable for large-scale optical path integration;
(2) the function of the TE optical double-path reverse phase optical clock signal generator can be realized in a short-range and high-efficiency manner, the integration is convenient, and the TE optical double-path reverse phase optical clock signal generator has great practical value;
(3) by applying the property that the photonic crystal can be scaled in equal proportion and changing the lattice constant in equal proportion, the generation of two-way reverse clock signals with different wavelengths can be realized;
(4) the high-contrast high-isolation high-speed pulse laser has high contrast and high isolation, simultaneously has a wide working wavelength range, can allow pulses with certain spectral width, or Gaussian light, or light with different wavelengths to work, or light with multiple wavelengths to work simultaneously, and has practical significance.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a photonic crystal T-shaped waveguide orthogonal output dual-path inverted optical clock signal generator according to the present invention.
In the figure, an input end 1, an output end 2, an output end 3, a background silicon medium column 4, a defect medium column 5, a defect medium column 6, a defect medium column, a defect
FIG. 2 is another schematic diagram of the photonic crystal T-shaped waveguide orthogonal output dual-path inverted optical clock signal generator according to the present invention.
In the figure, the electromagnet coil 7 is provided with a wire 8 and a rectangular wave current source 9
FIG. 3 is a structural parameter distribution diagram of a photonic crystal T-shaped waveguide orthogonal output dual-path inverse optical clock signal generator according to the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a waveform diagram of an optical clock signal of a photonic crystal T-shaped waveguide right-angle output two-way inverse optical clock signal generator according to the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a logic contrast diagram of the forbidden band frequency of the photonic crystal T-shaped waveguide right-angle output dual-channel inverted optical clock signal generator in embodiment 1.
Fig. 6 is a logic contrast diagram of the forbidden band frequency of the photonic crystal T-shaped waveguide right-angle output dual-channel inverted optical clock signal generator in embodiment 2.
Fig. 7 is a logic contrast diagram of the forbidden band frequency of the photonic crystal T-shaped waveguide right-angle output dual-channel inverted optical clock signal generator in embodiment 3.
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of the optical field distribution of a photonic crystal T-shaped waveguide right-angle output dual-path inverted optical clock signal generator of the present invention.
Detailed Description
As shown in fig. 1, the structural schematic diagram of the photonic crystal T-shaped waveguide right-angle output two-way inverse optical clock signal generator (with the bias circuit and the bias coil removed) of the present invention includes a photonic crystal T-shaped waveguide with a TE forbidden band, and the generator further includes an input terminal 1, two output terminals 2 and 3, a background silicon dielectric pillar 4, an isosceles right-angled triangular defect dielectric pillar 5 and a defect dielectric pillar 6; the device has the advantages that initial signal light enters from a left port 1, a port 2 outputs light waves, and a port 3 isolates the light waves; the port 2 and the port 3 are respectively positioned at the right end and the upper end of the photonic crystal T-shaped waveguide, and the port 2 and the port 3 are in right-angle layout; the photonic crystal waveguide inputs TE light from a port 1, and outputs two paths of optical clock signals with opposite phases from ports 2 and 3. The shape of the background silicon medium column 4 is square, the direction of an optical axis is vertical to the paper surface and faces outwards, the shape of the isosceles right triangle defect medium column 5 is formed by deleting one corner of the background medium column 4 at the crossed corner of the T-shaped waveguide and is a triangular column, 4 isosceles right triangle defect medium columns 5 are respectively positioned at four crossed corners of the T-shaped waveguide, the direction of the optical axis is the same as that of the background medium column, the shape of the defect medium column 6 is square and is positioned at the central crossed position of the T-shaped waveguide, and the direction of the optical axis is vertical to the paper surface and faces outwards. The defective dielectric pillars 6 are ferrite square pillars) the permeability of which is anisotropic and controlled by a bias magnetic field directed along the axial direction of the ferrite square pillars. As shown in fig. 2, the two-way inverse optical clock signal generator with photonic crystal T-shaped waveguide right-angle output body according to the present invention has a schematic structural diagram (including a bias circuit and a bias coil), and includes an electromagnet 7 (electromagnet coil) for providing a bias magnetic field and a rectangular wave current source 9, and the generator further includes a wire (8), wherein one end of the electromagnet 7 is connected to one end of the rectangular wave current source 9 through the wire 8; the other end of the electromagnet 7 is connected with the other end of the rectangular wave current source 9, and the direction of the bias magnetic field provided by the electromagnet 7 is changed periodically along with time; the generator of the invention adopts a Cartesian rectangular coordinate system in the structural schematic diagram: the positive direction of the x axis is horizontal to the right; the positive direction of the y axis is vertically upward in the paper surface; the positive z-axis direction is out of the plane of the paper.
As shown in fig. 3, the relevant parameters of the device are:
d1either a (lattice constant)
d20.3a (side length of square silicon column)
d30.2817a (side length of square defect column)
d40.3a (isosceles right triangle defect column waist length)
d51.2997a (distance from the hypotenuse of the defect post to the center of the defect post)
d61.577a (waveguide width and length)
The photonic crystal is a tetragonal lattice, the lattice constant is a, the side length of a dielectric column is 0.3a, when the square silicon dielectric column of the photonic crystal rotates anticlockwise by 41 degrees in the axis direction (z axis) of the reference dielectric column, a plane wave expansion method is adopted to obtain a TE forbidden band structure in the photonic crystal, the TE forbidden band of the photon is 0.3150-0.4548 (omega a/2 pi c), light waves of any frequency in the middle of the TE forbidden band structure are limited in a waveguide, and after the square lattice dielectric column rotates anticlockwise by 41 degrees in the axis direction (z axis) of the reference dielectric column, a wider forbidden band range is obtained.
The silicon dielectric waveguide used in the invention needs to delete one row and one column of dielectric columns to form the guided wave waveguide. The waveguide plane is perpendicular to the axis of the dielectric pillar in the photonic crystal. By introducing a ferrite square column (a square defective dielectric column 6) at the central intersection of the T-shaped waveguide, the side length of the ferrite square column is 0.28a, and the distance from the hypotenuse surface of 4 isosceles right triangle defective dielectric columns 5 to the axis of the ferrite square column (the square defective dielectric column 6) is 1.2997 a. The optical axis of the ferrite square column is consistent with the optical axis direction of the background medium column.
The description of the principles of the present invention is explained primarily in relation to magneto-optical media. Ferrite is a material with magnetic anisotropy, and the magnetic anisotropy of ferrite is induced by an external DC bias magnetic field. The magnetic field aligns the magnetic dipoles in the ferrite in the same direction, thereby creating a resultant magnetic dipole moment and causing the magnetic dipoles to move at a frequency controlled by the strength of the biasing magnetic field.
The interaction with an external microwave signal can be controlled by adjusting the intensity of the bias magnetic field, so that the photonic crystal T-shaped waveguide right-angle output double-path reverse optical clock signal generator is realized. Under the action of a bias magnetic field, the permeability tensor of the ferrite shows asymmetry, wherein the permeability [ mu ] of the ferrite tensor is as follows:
The relevant parameters in the matrix elements of the permeability tensor are given by the following equation:
ω0＝μ0γH0 (2)
ωm＝μ0γMs (3)
ω＝2πf (4)
wherein, mu0Is magnetic permeability in vacuum, gamma is gyromagnetic ratio, H0For application of a magnetic field, MSFor saturation magnetization, for the operating frequency, p ═ k/μ is the normalized magnetization frequency, also called the separation factor, the parameters μ and k determine the different ferrite materials, a material with a permeability tensor of this type is called gyromagnetic, and H is then assumed to be opposite in direction of bias0And MSThe sign will change so the direction of rotation will be opposite.
The choice of lattice constant and operating wavelength can be determined in the following manner. By the formula
In which the normalized forbidden band frequency range of the tetragonal silicon structure of the present invention is
fnorm＝0.3150～0.4548 (8)
The corresponding forbidden band wavelength range is calculated as:
λ＝2.1987a～3.1746a (9)
it follows that a value of λ satisfying a wavelength range in equal proportion thereto can be obtained by changing the value of the lattice constant a without considering the dispersion or the change of the material dispersion to be small. The operating wavelength can be tuned by the dielectric column-to-column lattice constant without regard to dispersion or with negligible dispersion.
Calculated by numerical scanning, d2＝0.3a，d3＝0.2817a，d51.2997a, 0.4121 normalized optical wave frequency f, and dielectric constant epsilonrThe optical signal output a maximum value from port 2 and a minimum from port 3, 12.9. When the direction of the bias magnetic field changes, H0And MSSymbol ofThe change is such that the annular direction of the optical signal should change. Therefore, the optical signal is output at a maximum from port 3 and at a minimum from port 2.
The bias magnetic field is generated by a bias electromagnet, bias current is loaded in the bias electromagnet, the bias current is a modulation signal, and the modulation signal is a time-varying periodic signal.
The double-path reverse optical clock signal generator utilizes Faraday rotation effect to rotate light by a required angle under a periodically-changed bias magnetic field, and outputs two paths of optical clock signals with opposite phases alternately through two ports.
Determining coincidence H-H by adjusting magnitude of bias magnetic field H0When light is output from port 3, H ═ H0At this time, light is output from port 2. Thereby realizing a two-way inverted optical clock signal generator.
After the defect is introduced into the silicon dielectric pillar array waveguide, the incident signal port is located at the position of the left port 1 shown in fig. 1, and the TE optical signal is located at the port 1. The optical signal is transmitted in the waveguide formed by the dielectric column array of the silicon dielectric column 4, after the TE optical signal reaches the defect position of the defect dielectric column 6, the TE optical signal passes through all the optical signals, and finally the TE optical signal is output at the position of the output port 2; the TE optical signal is hardly outputted at the output port 3 position. At the same time, insertion loss in the waveguide is small. At this time, port 2 is in the on state and port 3 is in the off state. When the direction of the bias magnetic field changes, the incident signal port is located at the position of the left port 1 shown in fig. 1, and the TE optical signal is located at the port 1. The optical signal is transmitted in the waveguide formed by the dielectric column array of the silicon dielectric column 4, after the TE optical signal reaches the defect position of the defect dielectric column 6, the TE optical signal passes through all the optical signals, and finally the TE optical signal is output at the position of the output port 3; the TE optical signal is hardly outputted at the output port 2 position. At the same time, insertion loss in the waveguide is small. At this time, port 3 is in the on state and port 2 is in the off state.
By controlling the voltage, an optical power output waveform is obtained, where T is shown in FIG. 41The time interval magnetic field is-H and is output from the port 2; t is2The time interval magnetic field is H and is output from the port 3. Optical clockTime when the signal duty ratio is 1/time when the signal is 0 is T1/T2. The pulse rise time is the time required for the edge of the rectangular pulse to rise from 0 to 90% of the maximum output power, and the pulse rise time of this configuration depends on the rate of change of the magnetic field.
By adjusting the time ratio of the positive value and the negative value of the modulation signal, the duty ratio of the output clock signal can be adjusted, and the duty ratio is equal to the ratio of the time when the modulation signal is positive to the time when the modulation signal is negative.
Optical clock parameters:
(1) the pulse rise time is the time required for the edge of the rectangular pulse to rise from 0 to 90% of the maximum output power, and the pulse rise time of this configuration depends on the rate of change of the magnetic field.
(2) Clock frequency being the frequency of variation of the magnetic field
(3) The logical contrast is defined as:
for port 2 conduction: 10log (output power of port 2 when on/output power of port 2 when off) is 10log (P)Opening device/PClosing device)
For port 3 conduction: 10log (output power of port 3 when on/output power of port 3 when off) is 10log (P)Opening device/PClosing device)
The isolation is defined as: the isolation degree is 10log (input power/output power of isolation terminal) is 10log (P)Into/PPartition)
Example 1
In this embodiment, the function of the two-way inverse optical clock signal generator with different wavelengths can be realized by changing the lattice constant in an equal proportion without considering the dispersion or the material dispersion change. Let parameter a be 6.1772 × 10-3[m]，d2＝0.3a，d3＝0.2817a，d51.2997a, 9.6125, p 0.7792, 0.4121, and other parameters are not changed, so that the normalized optical wave frequency ω a/2 pi c corresponds to an optical wave of 20 GHz. Referring to fig. 5, the logic contrast in the forbidden band lightwave frequency range is obtained by simulation calculation, and the structure has the functions of a high logic contrast and a two-way reverse optical clock signal generator.
Example 2
In this embodiment, the function of the two-way inverse optical clock signal generator with different wavelengths can be realized by changing the lattice constant in an equal proportion without considering the dispersion or the material dispersion change. Let parameter a be 4.1181 × 10-3[m]，d2＝0.3a，d3＝0.2817a，d51.2997a, μ 9.6125, p 0.7792, 0.4121, and other parameters are not changed, so that the normalized optical wave frequency ω a/2 pi c corresponds to an optical wave of 30 GHz. Referring to fig. 6, the logic contrast in the forbidden band lightwave frequency range is obtained by simulation calculation, and the structure has the functions of a high logic contrast and a two-way reverse optical clock signal generator. As can be seen from fig. 6, the logical contrast ratio can reach 48dB when the normalized optical wave frequency ω a/2 pi c is 0.4121.
Example 3
In this embodiment, the function of the two-way inverse optical clock signal generator with different wavelength duty ratios can be realized by changing the lattice constant in an equal proportion without considering the dispersion or the material dispersion change. Let parameter a be 3.0886 × 10-3[m]，d2＝0.3a，d3＝0.2817a，d51.2997a, μ 9.6125, p 0.7792, 0.4121, and other parameters are not changed, so that the normalized optical wave frequency ω a/2 pi c corresponds to an optical wave of 40 GHz. Referring to fig. 7, the logic contrast in the forbidden band lightwave frequency range is obtained by simulation calculation, and the structure has the functions of a high logic contrast and a two-way reverse optical clock signal generator.
As can be seen from fig. 8, the light field simulation diagram is obtained by calculating with finite element software COMSOL when the normalized light wave frequency ω a/2 pi c is 0.4121. It can be observed that TE light propagates efficiently to port 2 and port 3, respectively.
The invention described above is subject to modifications both in the specific embodiments and in the field of application and should not be understood as being limited thereto.
Claims (12)
1. A photonic crystal T-shaped waveguide right-angle output double-path reverse optical clock signal generator is provided with a photonic crystal T-shaped waveguide with a TE forbidden band and comprises a TE optical signal input end, two signal output ends, at least one background silicon medium column, at least one first defect medium column and a second defect medium column; the generator also comprises an electromagnet and a rectangular wave current source; the left end of the photonic crystal T-shaped waveguide is a TE optical signal input end, the right end of the photonic crystal T-shaped waveguide is a first signal output end, the upper end of the photonic crystal T-shaped waveguide is a second signal output end, and a second defect medium column is arranged at the central intersection; four first defect medium columns are arranged at four crossed corners of the photonic crystal T-shaped waveguide; the first defect medium column is an isosceles right triangle defect medium column; the electromagnet and the rectangular wave current source generate a bias magnetic field, the direction of the bias magnetic field changes periodically along with time, TE optical signals at the TE optical signal input end are transmitted to the first signal output end and the second signal output end, and two clock signals with opposite phases are output.
2. The photonic crystal T-waveguide orthogonal output dual-channel inverted optical clock signal generator of claim 1, wherein: the generator further comprises a wire.
3. The photonic crystal T-waveguide orthogonal output dual-channel inverted optical clock signal generator of claim 2, wherein: one end of the electromagnet is connected with one end of the rectangular wave current source through the lead.
4. The photonic crystal T-waveguide orthogonal output dual-channel inverted optical clock signal generator of claim 1, wherein: the photonic crystal T-shaped waveguide is a structure formed by removing a middle transverse row and a middle vertical row of dielectric columns from a photonic crystal.
5. The photonic crystal T-waveguide orthogonal output dual-channel inverted optical clock signal generator of claim 1, wherein: the second defect medium column is a ferrite square column, and the shape of the second defect medium column is square.
6. The photonic crystal T-waveguide orthogonal output dual-channel inverted optical clock signal generator of claim 5, wherein: the permeability of the ferrite square columns is anisotropic and is controlled by a bias magnetic field, the direction of which is along the direction of the axis of the ferrite square columns.
7. The photonic crystal T-waveguide orthogonal output dual-channel inverted optical clock signal generator of claim 1, wherein: and deleting one corner of the four background silicon medium columns at the crossed corners of the photonic crystal T-shaped waveguide to form isosceles right triangle defect medium columns.
8. The photonic crystal T-waveguide orthogonal output dual-channel inverted optical clock signal generator of claim 1, wherein: the isosceles right triangle defect dielectric column is silicon.
9. The photonic crystal T-waveguide orthogonal output dual-channel inverted optical clock signal generator of claim 1, wherein: the isosceles right triangle defect medium column is a triangular column type.
10. The photonic crystal T-waveguide orthogonal output dual-channel inverted optical clock signal generator of claim 1, wherein: the background silicon medium column is square.
11. The photonic crystal T-waveguide orthogonal output dual-channel inverted optical clock signal generator of claim 1, wherein: the background silicon medium column rotates anticlockwise by 41 degrees along the axis Z direction of the medium column.
12. The photonic crystal T-waveguide orthogonal output dual-channel inverted optical clock signal generator of claim 1, wherein: the first and second signal output ends are arranged in a right angle.
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| CN201610086380.4A CN105572922B (en) | 2016-02-15 | 2016-02-15 | Photonic crystal T-shaped waveguide right-angle output double-path reverse optical clock signal generator |
| PCT/CN2016/106584 WO2017140134A1 (en) | 2016-02-15 | 2016-11-21 | Two-way inverted optical clock signal generator with photonic crystal t-type waveguide right-angle output |
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| CN201610086380.4A CN105572922B (en) | 2016-02-15 | 2016-02-15 | Photonic crystal T-shaped waveguide right-angle output double-path reverse optical clock signal generator |
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| CN105572917B (en) * | 2016-02-15 | 2021-02-19 | 深圳大学 | Double-path reverse optical clock signal generator with photonic crystal waveguide |
| CN105572921B (en) * | 2016-02-15 | 2021-02-19 | 深圳大学 | Magnetic control alternative right-angle output light path switch based on photonic crystal T-shaped waveguide |
| CN105572922B (en) * | 2016-02-15 | 2021-02-19 | 深圳大学 | Photonic crystal T-shaped waveguide right-angle output double-path reverse optical clock signal generator |
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| WO2017140134A1 (en) | 2017-08-24 |
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