CN105566733B - 一种车用石墨烯eva高发泡隔音材料和制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明专利涉及一种汽车隔音材料的制备方法,主要涉及石墨烯为填料的高性能发泡阻尼材料及其制备方法;制备过程如下:将乙烯‑乙酸乙烯树脂、气相二氧化硅、填充剂、功能化石墨烯、增塑剂在密炼机中混炼5‑10min,混炼温度85℃,转速30转/min;将发泡剂、发泡剂促进剂、过氧化交联剂加入上述混炼胶中继续混炼5‑10min,混炼温度85℃,转速30转/min;将上述混炼胶出片。本发明专利所具有的而技术优点主要体现在以下方面:功能化石墨烯与聚合物基体具有非常好的溶解性,与聚合物基体间界面滑移造成的摩擦损耗,有效的造成能量耗散,能够有效的降低车内噪声污染。
Description
技术领域
本发明专利涉及一种汽车隔音材料的制备方法,主要涉及石墨烯为填料的高性能发泡阻尼材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
如何降低车内噪声,是汽车制造行业努力的目标,其中在焊装汽车时钣金与钣金之间会留下加大空隙,如车门、车柱等地方,在汽车行驶时,容易造成噪声,需要进行密封和阻隔噪音;目前,汽车用的材料主要是多层复合结构的高发泡橡塑材料,多层的高发泡橡塑材料制造工艺复杂,成本高,而且各层之间由于热膨胀系数不同,在发泡过程中,会相互制约,影响发泡倍率,出现层与层之间剥离的现象,使得空隙不能填满,影响整体的隔音效果,降低产品性能。开发低成的、具有自粘功能的高性能发泡材料,成为汽车材料行业亟待解决的问题。
石墨烯作为一种新型纳米碳材料,具有优异的力学性能(弹性模量高达1Tpa)、优异的导电和导热性能,以及独特的二维结构;其独特的二维形态以及纳米尺度,在高发泡材料内部引入更多的界面,对泡孔能起到支撑作用,同时在变形的过程中产生更多的能量耗散,能够显著的提升材料的隔音性能。
本专利将石墨烯与EVA复合,制成车用的高发泡隔音材料。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种车用石墨烯EVA高发泡隔音材料,其由乙烯-乙酸乙烯树脂、发泡剂、气相二氧化硅、功能化石墨烯、发泡剂促进剂、填充剂、过氧化交联剂和增塑剂组成。
所述的一种车用石墨烯EVA高发泡隔音材料,其组成按照重量份数计算,包括:
进一步地,所述的一种车用石墨烯EVA高发泡隔音材料,其组成按照重量份数计算,还包括0.5~1份的增塑剂。
本发明所述乙烯-乙酸乙烯树脂的VA量在14wt%~28wt%之间,VA质量分数在14wt%~28wt%之间的EVA作为主体树脂,其弹性很好,有利于EVA发泡倍率的提高。
本发明所述的发泡剂为偶氮二甲酰胺系列发泡剂。
本发明所述的气相二氧化硅比表面积大,表面吸附力强,表面能大,化学纯度高、分散性能好等方面具有特异的性能,可作为车用功能化石墨烯/EVA高发泡材料的抗流挂剂和增稠剂。
本发明所述的发泡剂促进剂为氧化锌粉或硬脂酸锌粉。
本发明所述的填充剂为纳米碳酸钙或滑石粉。
本发明专利所采用的石墨烯具有独特的二维片层结构,由于其极高的径厚比、表现出柔软的形态,其在外力作用下易于产生形变,石墨烯之间的大面积解簇和相对滑移变形能够产生能量耗散。
石墨烯为采用机械球磨法制备得到的石墨烯,石墨烯的制备方法主要包括以下两种方法为:
方法一:以天然石墨粉为原料,称取150-200g石墨粉于2或者4只球磨罐中,球磨时间为120h~240h、球磨速度为300r/min~600r/min,球磨运行方式:交替,球磨结束后,得到的固体粉末为石墨烯。
方法二:与方法一球磨机参数设置、操作相同,不同的是以氧化石墨为原料,称取150-200g石墨粉于2或者4只球磨罐中,球磨时间为80h~150h、球磨速度为300r/min~600r/min,球磨运行方式:交替,球磨结束后,得到的固体粉末为石墨烯。
上述制备过程中,球磨机型号为XQM-2L,聚四氟乙烯罐2000ml,两只,玛瑙罐2000ml,两只,球磨机转速范围100-800r/min,球磨运行方式:交替,运行时间与运行间隔时间比(1~10):1。
按照以下方法制备功能化石墨烯:
功能石墨烯处理方法:称取石墨烯溶于DMF中,超声分散,在磁力搅拌下缓慢加入NaBH4,NaBH4与石墨烯的质量比为1:8,再加入引发剂BPO(过氧化二苯甲酰),过氧化二苯甲酰的加入量为石墨烯重量的1-2%,加完之后继续反应3~4h,过滤,干燥后制备得到功能化的石墨烯。
本发明专利所述的增塑剂,添加一定量的增塑剂,***到高聚物分子链之间,消弱分子间作用力,增大高聚物分子链之间的距离和活动空间,提高EVA复合材料的塑性,为邻苯二甲酸二辛酯或邻苯二甲酸丁卞酯。
本发明专利所述的交联剂为过氧化二异丙苯。
本发明专利按照上述的配方,制备过程如下:将乙烯-乙酸乙烯树脂、气相二氧化硅、填充剂、功能化石墨烯、增塑剂在密炼机中混炼5-10min,混炼温度85℃,转速30转/min;将发泡剂、发泡剂促进剂、过氧化交联剂加入上述混炼胶中继续混炼5-10min,混炼温度85℃,转速30转/min;将上述混炼胶出片。
本发明专利所具有的而技术优点主要体现在以下方面:功能化石墨烯与聚合物基体具有非常好的溶解性,与聚合物基体间界面滑移造成的摩擦损耗,有效的造成能量耗散,能够有效的降低车内噪声污染。
具体实施方式
下面将结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步解释。
(1)打开密炼机,设定温度为80~100℃。
(2)倒入称取好的乙烯-乙酸乙烯树脂、气相二氧化硅、填充剂、功能化石墨烯、增塑剂,混炼5-10min。
(3)倒入称取好的发泡剂、发泡剂促进剂、过氧化交联剂,继续混炼5-10min,出料。
(4)将上述制备混炼胶放入磨具中进行压片,再出片。
表一 具体实施例1~4
表二 一种车用石墨烯EVA高发泡隔音材料发泡倍率
(180℃,20min范围内)
实施例1 | 实施例2(对比) | 实施例3 | 实施例4(对比) | |
密度 | ≥0.10 | ≥0.10 | ≥0.03 | ≥0.03 |
实施例1 | 实施例2 | 实施例3 | 实施例4 | |
发泡倍率 | ≥10 | ≥20 | ≥30 | ≥30 |
表三 一种车用石墨烯EVA高发泡隔音材料的损耗因子
Claims (6)
1.一种车用石墨烯EVA高发泡隔音材料,其特征在于:其组成按照重量份数计算,包括:
按照重量份数计算,还包括0.5~1份的增塑剂;
功能化石墨烯按照以下方法制备:称取石墨烯溶于DMF中,超声分散,在磁力搅拌下缓慢加入NaBH4,NaBH4与石墨烯的质量比为1:8,再加入引发剂BPO(过氧化二苯甲酰),过氧化二苯甲酰的加入量为石墨烯重量的1-2%,加完之后继续反应3~4h,过滤,干燥后制备得到功能化的石墨烯;
所述的发泡剂为偶氮二甲酰胺系列发泡剂;
所述的发泡剂促进剂为氧化锌粉或硬脂酸锌粉。
2.如权利要求1所述的一种车用石墨烯EVA高发泡隔音材料,其特征在于:所述乙烯-乙酸乙烯树脂的VA量在14wt%~28wt%之间,VA质量分数在14wt%~28wt%之间的EVA作为主体树脂,其弹性很好,有利于EVA发泡倍率的提高。
3.如权利要求1所述的一种车用石墨烯EVA高发泡隔音材料,其特征在于:所述的气相二氧化硅作为车用功能化石墨烯/EVA高发泡隔音材料的抗流挂剂和增稠剂。
4.如权利要求1所述的一种车用石墨烯EVA高发泡隔音材料,其特征在于:所述的填充剂为纳米碳酸钙或滑石粉。
5.如权利要求1所述的一种车用石墨烯EVA高发泡隔音材料,其特征在于:所述的增塑剂为邻苯二甲酸二辛酯或邻苯二甲酸丁苄 酯;所述的交联剂为过氧化二异丙苯。
6.如权利要求1所述的一种车用石墨烯EVA高发泡隔音材料的制备方法,其特征在于具体步骤如下:将乙烯-乙酸乙烯树脂、气相二氧化硅、填充剂、功能化石墨烯、增塑剂在密炼机中混炼5-10min,混炼温度85℃,转速30转/min,将发泡剂、发泡剂促进剂、过氧化交联剂加入上述混炼胶中继续混炼5-10min,混炼温度85℃,转速30转/min,将上述混炼胶出片。
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