CN105547871B - A kind of static pressure rock impact funnel breaking test device and method - Google Patents
A kind of static pressure rock impact funnel breaking test device and method Download PDFInfo
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- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/30—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying a single impulsive force, e.g. by falling weight
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Abstract
A kind of static pressure rock impact funnel breaking test device and method, rock sample is tested respectively by static pressure loading device and dynamic pressure loading device, and dynamic pressure loading experiment can be carried out under static pressure loading environment, solve present in prior art that security performance is low, scope of experiment is not comprehensive, it is impossible to the technical problem of simulation truth well.The present invention is by said structure and method, carry out rock impact funnel breaking test that can be safe and accurate, and assay reproducibility is good, more meets mine deep exploitation engineering situation in practice.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to rock mechanics field, more particularly, to a kind of static pressure rock impact funnel breaking test device and side
Method.
Background technology
With increase of the people to resources requirement, mining intensity is progressively increased, and superficial part resource is increasingly reduced, domestic
Outer mine has all subsequently entered deep resource mining state.In deeps mines recovery process, rock mass is in the punching such as crustal stress and blast
Hit under the collective effect of load and destroy, crustal stress will influence whether ore extraction or tunnelling efficiency.Therefore need to grind
Study carefully the impact failure of rock problem under primary stress.
Being presently used for the loading means of rock impact dynamics research mainly includes explosive and Hopkinson lever apparatus.
Wherein, explosive can be used for laboratory model blasting experiment under live deep rock mass blasting experiment and primary stress.Live explosion
Experimental situation is complicated, and experimental period is grown, and cost is high, and different Geological conditions have differences, and primary stress changes greatly, repeats
Property is poor；Laboratory model experiment is more to make corresponding Block Model using analog material, is drilled on model, is embedded to explosive, fills out
Plug, ignition charge is loaded after applying dead load.Asked however, certain safety be present as shock loading using explosive
Topic, and explosive is not easy to obtain, and adds the difficulty of field experiment and the implementation of laboratory model blasting experiment.Hopkinson lever apparatus
It is mainly used in the test of the dynamic mechanicals such as MATERIALS ' DYNAMIC compressive strength, dynamic tensile strength, has researcher at present and consider
Deep rock mass stress, corresponding transformation is carried out to Hopkinson lever apparatus.For example, publication number：CN 1731133A are disclosed
Date：Entitled 2006.2.8 " coupled static-dynamic loadingi Rock Mechanics Test method and apparatus ".It is worth noting that the dress
Rock dynamic mechanics parameter under the conditions of being mainly used in coupled static-dynamic loadingi is put to test.And during deeps mines mining Design, also
It is considered as influence of the crustal stress to impact failure of rock scope and damage -form.
The content of the invention
In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problem, the invention provides a kind of static pressure rock impact funnel breaking test device and side
Method, rock sample is tested respectively by static pressure loading device and dynamic pressure loading device, and can added carrying out dynamic pressure
Static pressure loading is carried out to rock sample while carrying experiment, solves that security performance present in prior art is low, scope of experiment
It is not comprehensive, it is impossible to the technical problem of simulation truth well.
To achieve these goals, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is：A kind of static pressure rock impact funnel breaking test
Installation method, its step are：
1）, position of the adjustment dynamic pressure loading device air pressure and trip rod in gun tube, it is ensured that impact velocity needed for experiment；
2）, using forcing press hydraulic jack and hydraulic pump are proofreaded, by the reading and forcing press on pressure gauge
Load it is corresponding, determine the accurate output loads of hydraulic jack；
3）, assembling static pressure loading device, by rock sample be placed on downside force transmitting board on；
4）, adjustment dynamic pressure loading device and static pressure loading device relative position, make the variable cross-section in dynamic pressure loading device
Drift inserts the bottom hole of the prefabricated circular hole of rock sample；
5）, using dynamic pressure loading device and static pressure loading device, the dynamic pressure loading experiment under static pressure is carried out to rock sample.
Step 5）Middle specific experiment method is as follows：
5a）, when carrying out the experiment of unidirectional static pressure loading device：Start lower hydraulic pump, rock sample is applied and specified greatly
Small dead load；
5b）, when carry out Bidirectional static loading device experiment when：Start lower hydraulic pump and right hydraulic pump, to rock sample
Apply and specify size dead load；
5c）, start dynamic pressure loading device, force shock is carried out to incident bar by trip rod, so as to entering to rock sample
Row Impulsive load, while the stress wave of Usage data collection processing system collection foil gauge.
Static pressure loading is carried out using static pressure loading device, includes rigid frame in described static pressure loading device；Upside
Force transmitting board, left side force transmitting board, downside force transmitting board and right side force transmitting board are around composition frame-type structure, wherein upside force transmitting board and left side
Force transmitting board is by positioning pin connection rigid frame, right side force transmitting board and the right side hydraulic jack being connected on the outside of the force transmitting board of right side
It is arranged on jacking bracket, downside force transmitting board is arranged on lower hydraulic jack；Right side hydraulic pump is connected by petroleum pipeline
Right side hydraulic jack, lower hydraulic pump connect lower hydraulic jack, hydraulic pump and lower hydraulic on right side by petroleum pipeline
Pressure gauge is additionally provided with pump.
Rigid frame is placed in support platform in described static pressure loading device, is also set on the lower surface of support platform
It is equipped with height adjustment bolt.
Described jacking bracket is fixed on rigid frame by alignment pin, and lower hydraulic jack is arranged on rigid frame
On frame.
Described rigid frame is passed through tight by two frame structures of lower frame construction, middle part or so and frame superstructure
Fixing bolt connection composition.
Dynamic pressure loading is carried out using dynamic pressure loading device, described dynamic pressure loading device includes incident bar, on incident bar
Foil gauge is posted, the front end of incident bar is provided with variable cross-section drift, rubber ring is cased with variable cross-section drift.
Described variable cross-section drift is made up of two cylinders to link together, and front end cylinder diameter is justified less than rear end
Column diameter, back end cylindrical body are connected with incident bar, in the prefabricated circular hole on front end cylinder insertion rock sample.
The front end of described variable cross-section drift is cased with braking steel plate with rock sample contact position, brakes the circular hole among steel plate
Aperture is adapted to variable cross-section punch head diameter of section.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are：The present invention is provided with static pressure loading device and moved by said structure and method
Loading device is pressed, rock sample is tested, had the beneficial effect that：
1st, the present invention can carry out unidirectional static pressure loading and Bidirectional static loading, and load-up condition is optional, and load adjustable scope is big.
2nd, the present invention provides shock loading using mechanical load mode Hopkinson bar, compared to chemistry of explosives explosively loading
Mode, experimental condition are easily achieved, test load stabilization, safety, favorable repeatability.
3rd, the present invention compared with prior art, considers influence of the primary stress to impact failure of rock scope, more meets ore deposit
Mountain deep mining engineering is actual.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1：For static pressure loading device structural representation in the present invention.
Fig. 2：For dynamic pressure loading device structural representation in the present invention.
Fig. 3：For the front view of rock sample in the present invention.
Fig. 4：For the top view of rock sample in the present invention.
Fig. 5：Rock sample experiment effect figure during trip rod speed 5m/s dead load 15Mpa.
Fig. 6：Rock sample experiment effect figure during trip rod speed 5m/s dead load 0Mpa.
Embodiment
A kind of static pressure rock impact funnel breaking test installation method, its step are：
1）, the position of the air pressure of adjustment dynamic pressure loading device 25 and trip rod 18 in gun tube, it is ensured that impact speed needed for experiment
Degree；
2）, using forcing press hydraulic jack and hydraulic pump are proofreaded, by the reading and forcing press on pressure gauge 12
On load it is corresponding, determine the accurate output loads of hydraulic jack；
3）, assembling static pressure loading device 26, rock sample 17 is placed on the force transmitting board 4 of downside；
4）, adjustment dynamic pressure loading device 25 and static pressure loading device 26 relative position, make in dynamic pressure loading device 25
Variable cross-section drift 21 inserts the bottom hole of 17 prefabricated circular hole of rock sample；
5）, using dynamic pressure loading device 25 and static pressure loading device 26, the dynamic pressure under static pressure is carried out to rock sample 17 and added
Carry experiment：
5a）, when carrying out the experiment of unidirectional static pressure loading device：Start lower hydraulic pump 13, rock sample 17 is applied and referred to
Determine size dead load；
5b）, when carry out Bidirectional static loading device experiment when：Start lower hydraulic pump 13 and right hydraulic pump 14, to rock
Test specimen 17, which applies, specifies size dead load；
5c）, start dynamic pressure loading device, force shock is carried out to incident bar 19 by trip rod 18, so as to rock try
Part 17 carries out Impulsive load, while Usage data collection processing system 24 gathers the strain waveform of foil gauge 20, passes through existing public affairs
Formula is so as to calculating the stroke speed that actual incident bar 19 is born.
Static pressure loading is carried out using static pressure loading device 26, includes rigid frame 1 in described static pressure loading device 26；
Upside force transmitting board 4, left side force transmitting board 5, downside force transmitting board 6 and right side force transmitting board 7 are around composition frame-type structure, wherein upside power transmission
Plate 4 and left side force transmitting board 5 connect rigid frame 1 by alignment pin 3, right side force transmitting board 7 and are connected to the outside of right side force transmitting board 7
Right side hydraulic jack 8 is arranged on jacking bracket 10, and downside force transmitting board 6 is arranged on lower hydraulic jack 9；Right side liquid
Press pump 14 connects right side hydraulic jack 8 by petroleum pipeline 11, and lower hydraulic pump 13 connects lower hydraulic thousand by petroleum pipeline 11
Jin top 9, pressure gauge 12 is additionally provided with right side hydraulic pump 14 and lower hydraulic pump 13.In described static pressure loading device 26 just
Property framework 1 is placed in support platform 15, and height adjustment bolt 16 is additionally provided with the lower surface of support platform 15.Described
Jacking bracket 10 is fixed on rigid frame 1 by alignment pin 3, and lower hydraulic jack 9 is arranged on rigid frame 1.Institute
The rigid frame 1 stated is connected by two frame structures of lower frame construction, middle part or so and frame superstructure by fastening bolt 2
Connect composition.
Dynamic pressure loading is carried out using dynamic pressure loading device 25, described dynamic pressure loading device 25 includes incident bar 19, entered
Penetrate on bar 19 and post foil gauge 20, the front end of incident bar 19 is provided with variable cross-section drift 21, and rubber is cased with variable cross-section drift 21
Circle 22.Described variable cross-section drift 21 is made up of two cylinders to link together, and front end cylinder diameter is justified less than rear end
Column diameter, back end cylindrical body are connected with incident bar 19, in the prefabricated circular hole on front end cylinder insertion rock sample 17.It is described
Front end and the contact position of rock sample 17 of variable cross-section drift 21 be cased with braking steel plate 23, the circular hole aperture among braking steel plate 23
It is adapted to variable cross-section punch head diameter of section.
Embodiment 1：
Experimental system includes static pressure loading device 26 and dynamic pressure loading device 25.The rigid frame 1 of static pressure loading device 26
Connected by fastening bolt 2, pin hole is provided with rigid frame 1, upside force transmitting board 4 and left side force transmitting board 5 pass through alignment pin 3
It is connected with rigid frame 1, jacking bracket 10 is connected by alignment pin 3 with rigid frame 1, right side hydraulic jack 8 and the right side
Side force transmitting board 7 is positioned on jacking bracket 10, and right side hydraulic jack 8 is in close contact with rigid frame 1, and lower hydraulic is very heavy
Top 9 is positioned on rigid frame 1, and downside force transmitting board 6 is positioned on lower hydraulic jack 9.Hydraulic pump leads to hydraulic jack
Petroleum pipeline 11 is crossed to connect.Pressure gauge 12 is configured with right side hydraulic pump 14 and lower hydraulic pump 13.
The square test specimen of circular hole centered on rock sample 17, the long 100mm of test specimen, wide 100mm, thick 50mm, test specimen center
A prefabricated circular hole, the axis direction in hole is consistent with thickness direction, and bottom hole is flat, and rock sample 17 is arranged on lower hydraulic thousand
On jin top 9.
Dynamic pressure loading device includes trip rod 18, incident bar 19, variable cross-section drift 21, and foil gauge 20 is posted on incident bar,
Rubber ring 22 is cased with variable cross-section drift, rubber ring 22 is energy-absorbing rubber ring here.21 two sections of variable cross-section drift are
Circle, larger cross-section diameter is identical with the diameter of incident bar 19, and small cross sections diameter is adapted to the prefabricated circular hole on rock sample 17.
The intermediate prefabricated circular hole of steel plate 23 is braked, aperture is adapted to the small cross sections diameter of variable cross-section drift 21.
Experimental procedure：
Step 1, the position of Hopkinson lever apparatus air pressure and trip rod 18 in gun tube is adjusted to reach needed for experiment
Impact velocity.
Step 2, using forcing press hydraulic jack and hydraulic pump are checked, by the reading and pressure on pressure gauge 12
Load on machine is corresponding, determines the accurate output loads of hydraulic jack.
Step 3, support platform 15 is placed on behind incident bar 19, rigid frame 1 is assembled by fastening bolt 2, will be firm
Property framework 1 is placed in support platform 15.Upside force transmitting board 4 and left side force transmitting board 5 are fixed on rigid frame 1 with alignment pin 3
On.
Step 4, lower hydraulic jack 9 is placed on rigid frame 1, downside force transmitting board 6 is placed on lower hydraulic
On jack 9, right side hydraulic jack 8 and right side force transmitting board 7 are placed on jack and power transmission board support 10.Rock is tried
Part 17 is positioned on the force transmitting board 4 of downside, ensures upside force transmitting board 4, downside force transmitting board 6, rock sample 17, lower hydraulic jack
9 vertically aligned.
Step 5, the centre distance ground level of incident bar 19 is measured.Start lower hydraulic pump 13, rock sample 17 is applied
Add small load, rock sample 17 is in close contact with upside force transmitting board 4 and downside force transmitting board 6.Height adjustment bolt 16 is adjusted,
Make the height at the center of rock sample 17 consistent with the spatial altitude at the center of incident bar 19.Such as need to carry out Bidirectional static loading, then need
Right side force transmitting board 7 and right side hydraulic jack 8 are adjusted, makes left side force transmitting board 5, right side force transmitting board 7, rock sample 17 and right side
Hydraulic jack 8 is horizontally aligned.
Step 6, will braking steel plate 23 fixed on the ground with setscrew, rubber ring 22 is enclosed on 21 on variable cross-section drift
On, the small cross sections one end of variable cross-section drift 21 is inserted into the bottom hole of 17 prefabricated circular hole of rock sample by braking steel plate 23, becomes and cuts
The other end of face drift 21 is alignd and is close to incident bar 19.
When step 7, progress individual event static pressure loading, it only need to start lower hydraulic pump 13, rock sample 17 is applied and specified greatly
Small dead load；When carrying out biaxial loadings, two hydraulic pumps need to be started simultaneously.Start Hopkinson lever apparatus air valve, rock is tried
Part 17 carries out Impulsive load.
In the present embodiment, rock sample selects sandstone, and its size is 100mm × 100mm × 50mm, and test specimen intermediate prefabricated is justified
Hole, aperture 8mm, hole depth 45mm；Hydraulic jack model ultrathin type FPY-50, maximum load power 50t；Pressure gauge model
YB-150B, precision are 0.25 grade, and range is 0 ~ 60Mpa.Hydraulic pump model CP-700, maximum output pressure 70MPa.Hit
19 a diameter of 37mm of bar 18 and incident bar；A diameter of 37mm at the larger cross-section end of variable cross-section drift 21, larger cross-section end length are
25mm, a diameter of 7.9mm at small cross sections end, length 116mm；Rubber ring thickness 25mm, internal diameter φ 10mm, external diameter φ 45mm.
During specific implementation：
Step 1, the impact velocity of the present embodiment trip rod 18 are 5m/s.Adjust Hopkinson lever apparatus air pressure and trip rod
18 position in gun tube with reach experiment needed for impact velocity.
Step 2, using forcing press lower hydraulic jack 9, lower hydraulic pump 13 are checked three times, ask for forcing press
The average value of output data, show that the corresponding relation of reading and forcing press output loads on pressure gauge 12 is shown in Table 1.The present embodiment
Apply vertical direction to rock sample 17, the dead load that size is 15Mpa, the lateral area of rock is 5000mm2, then need to apply
Load is 75kN.When being loaded using lower hydraulic pump 13 to rock sample 17, reading approximation corresponds on pressure gauge
11.75Mpa。
The jack check result of table 1
Check result fitting is linear to be：Y=6.3738x, y are forcing press output pressure (kN), while also to be very heavy
Push up output pressure (kN)；X is pressure gauge reading (MPa).
Step 3, support platform 15 is placed on behind the incident bar 19 of Hopkinson lever apparatus, by 2 groups of fastening bolt
Rigid frame 1 is filled, rigid frame 1 is placed in support platform 15.Upside force transmitting board 4 is fixed on rigid frame with alignment pin 3
On frame 1.
Step 4, downside jack 9 is placed on rigid frame 1, downside force transmitting board 6 is placed on downside jack 9
On.By rock sample 17 be positioned over downside force transmitting board 4 on, ensure upside force transmitting board 4, downside force transmitting board 6, rock sample 17, under
Side hydraulic jack 9 is vertically aligned.
Step 5, the centre distance ground level of incident bar 19 is measured.Start lower hydraulic pump 13, rock sample 17 is applied
Add small load, rock sample 17 is in close contact with upside force transmitting board 4 and downside force transmitting board 6.Height adjustment bolt 16 is adjusted,
Make the highly consistent of the height at the center of rock sample 17 and the center of incident bar 19.
Step 6, will braking steel plate 23 fixed on the ground with setscrew, rubber ring 22 is enclosed on 21 on variable cross-section drift
On, variable cross-section drift 21 is inserted into the bottom hole of 17 prefabricated circular hole of rock sample by braking steel plate 23.
Step 7, using lower hydraulic pump 13 dead load is applied to rock sample 17, pressure gauge reading stops when being 11.75Mpa
Only load, the dead load being now applied on rock sample is 15MPa.Start Hopkinson lever apparatus air valve, to rock sample
17 carry out Impulsive load.Experimental result is shown in Fig. 5.
Step 8, for the ease of Comparative result, the present embodiment also carried out impact velocity for 5m/s, dead load 0Mpa reality
Test, only small load need to be applied to rock sample with hydraulic pump, rock sample is in close contact with upper and lower force transmitting board, now think
It is 0Mpa to apply dead load, and experimental result is shown in Fig. 6.
By experimental result as can be seen that rock sample destroyed area is similar to funnel shape.Under uniform impingement velocity conditions,
When dead load is 0Mpa, bell mouth is approximate circle, and when dead load is 15Mpa, bell mouth form is approximately ellipse.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of static pressure rock impact funnel breaking test method, its step are：
1）, adjustment dynamic pressure loading device（25）Air pressure and trip rod（18）Position in gun tube, it is ensured that impact speed needed for experiment
Degree；
2）, using forcing press hydraulic jack and hydraulic pump are proofreaded, by pressure gauge（12）On reading and forcing press on
Load it is corresponding, determine the accurate output loads of hydraulic jack；
3）, assembling static pressure loading device（26）, by rock sample（17）It is placed on downside force transmitting board（6）On；
4）, adjustment dynamic pressure loading device（25）With static pressure loading device（26）Relative position, make dynamic pressure loading device（25）In
Variable cross-section drift（21）Insert rock sample（17）The bottom hole of prefabricated circular hole；
5）, utilize dynamic pressure loading device（25）With static pressure loading device（26）, to rock sample（17）Carry out the dynamic pressure under static pressure
Loading experiment；
Described static pressure loading device（26）For carrying out static pressure loading, which includes rigid frame（1）；Upside force transmitting board
（4）, left side force transmitting board（5）, downside force transmitting board（6）With right side force transmitting board（7）Around composition frame-type structure, wherein upside force transmitting board
（4）With left side force transmitting board（5）Pass through alignment pin（3）Connect rigid frame（1）, right side force transmitting board（7）And it is connected to right side power transmission
Plate（7）The right side hydraulic jack in outside（8）It is arranged on jacking bracket（10）On, downside force transmitting board（6）It is arranged on downside liquid
Press jack（9）On；Right side hydraulic pump（14）Pass through petroleum pipeline（11）Connection right side hydraulic jack（8）, lower hydraulic pump
（13）Pass through petroleum pipeline（11）Connect lower hydraulic jack（9）, in right side hydraulic pump（14）With lower hydraulic pump（13）It is upper to go back
It is provided with pressure gauge（12）.
A kind of 2. static pressure rock impact funnel breaking test method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Step 5）In
Specific experiment method is as follows：
5a）, when carrying out the experiment of unidirectional static pressure loading device：Start lower hydraulic pump（13）, to rock sample（17）Application refers to
Determine size dead load；
5b）, when carry out Bidirectional static loading device experiment when：Start lower hydraulic pump（13）With right side hydraulic pump（14）, to rock
Stone test specimen（17）Apply and specify size dead load；
5c）, start dynamic pressure loading device, pass through trip rod（18）To incident bar（19）Force shock is carried out, so as to try rock
Part（17）Carry out Impulsive load, while Usage data collection processing system（24）Gather foil gauge（20）Stress wave.
A kind of 3. static pressure rock impact funnel breaking test method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Described is quiet
Press loading device（26）Middle rigid frame（1）It is placed on support platform（15）On, in support platform（15）Lower surface on also set
It is equipped with height adjustment bolt（16）.
A kind of 4. static pressure rock impact funnel breaking test method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Described thousand
Jin topmast seat（10）Pass through alignment pin（3）It is fixed on rigid frame（1）On, lower hydraulic jack（9）It is arranged on rigid frame
（1）On.
A kind of 5. static pressure rock impact funnel breaking test method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Described is firm
Property framework（1）Pass through fastening bolt by two frame structures of lower frame construction, middle part or so and frame superstructure（2）Connection
Composition.
A kind of 6. static pressure rock impact funnel breaking test method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Using dynamic pressure
Loading device（25）Carry out dynamic pressure loading, described dynamic pressure loading device（25）Include incident bar（19）, incident bar（19）On
Post foil gauge（20）, incident bar（19）Front end be provided with variable cross-section drift（21）, variable cross-section drift（21）On be cased with rubber
Circle（22）.
A kind of 7. static pressure rock impact funnel breaking test method according to claim 6, it is characterised in that：Described change
Section drift（21）It is made up of two cylinders to link together, front end cylinder diameter is less than back end cylindrical body diameter, after
Hold cylinder and incident bar（19）Connection, front end cylinder insertion rock sample（17）On prefabricated circular hole in.
A kind of 8. static pressure rock impact funnel breaking test method according to claim 6, it is characterised in that：Described change
Section drift（21）Front end and rock sample（17）Contact position is cased with braking steel plate（23）, brake steel plate（23）Middle circular hole
Aperture is adapted to variable cross-section punch head diameter of section.
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| CN107983517B (en) * | 2017-12-13 | 2019-04-19 | 山东理工大学 | A kind of feedback-type energy-saving stone crusher and ore crushing method |
| CN108375509A (en) * | 2018-03-08 | 2018-08-07 | 北京理工大学 | A kind of active confining pressure and the sound loading experimental apparatus that explodes |
| CN110203418B (en) * | 2019-05-27 | 2021-07-16 | 中国飞机强度研究所 | Static and dynamic combined loading test device and test method |
| CN111965091A (en) * | 2020-09-17 | 2020-11-20 | 中南大学 | Rock seepage characteristic testing device and method under thermal shock and dynamic shock coupling |
| CN113670552B (en) * | 2021-08-19 | 2022-04-05 | 中国矿业大学 | Non-explosive type blasting impact equivalent loading device and rock mass fracture monitoring method |
| CN114755096B (en) * | 2022-05-11 | 2022-11-22 | 天津大学 | Dynamic punching shear experimental device and experimental method |
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