A kind of vibrating sensing optical cable and using method thereof
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of vibrating sensing optical cable and using method thereof, belong to technical field of optical fiber sensing.
Background technology
One of purposes of optical fiber vibration sensing optical cable is for developing optical fiber perimeter safety-protection system.Perimeter security system refers to takes precautions against the prevention system of maybe reporting to the police after this border is invaded by foreign matter to the border in a certain region.The security boundary that circumference security and guard technology and product are mainly used in some important military areas is at first taken precautions against, expanded at present that national boundaries, airport circumference, industrial park circumference, residential quarter circumference and high ferro are along the line, oil gas pipeline, power transmission line etc., the market demand of circumference security and guard technology and product constantly expands.In circumference security product, developing history is longer, application more electric class circumference security product mainly contain infrared emission system, reveal cable, electronic impulse fence etc., these systems are all outdoor active systems, are subject to electromagnetic interference (EMI) and environment, meteorological effect, rate of false alarm is high, and addressing is inaccurate.Types of fiber circumference security and guard technology is novel circumference security and guard technology, mainly contains optical time domain reflection (ODTR) the circumference security and guard technology that utilizes optical fiber backscatter signal and the optical fiber perimeter safety-protection system based on interference technique at present.The positioning analysis that ODTR technology is invaded multiple spot is complicated, is difficult to accurately location.Based on the circumference technology of principle of interference owing to being phase modulation-type, thus to the polarization state of incident light and external influence more responsive, rate of false alarm is high, and accurate contrast locating is more difficult.For solving pinpoint problem, some mechanisms develop the optical fiber perimeter safety-protection system based on fiber grating, but prepare sensing optic cable owing to adopting the welding of high reflectance (by force) grating, due to the restriction by light source bandwidth, the limited amount of multiplexing grating on an optical fiber, limits distance or the scope of system looks.In addition owing to being that welding grating prepares sensing optic cable, the tensile strength of optical fiber reduces greatly, and the long-term reliability of sensing optic cable is not high, can not meet the requirement of practical application to optical fiber grating vibration sensor optical cable completely.As can be seen here, what optical fiber grating vibration sensor optical cable needed to solve is the problems such as grating preparation efficiency in grating array is low, grating quantity is few, fiber strength is low, loss is large, optical cable poor reliability, cable configuration complexity.
Summary of the invention
Technical matters to be solved by this invention is that the deficiency existed for above-mentioned prior art provides that a kind of vibrational power flow is reasonable, fiber strength is high, loss is little, measure long with transmission range, sensing capabilities is reliable, be easy to the vibrating sensing optical cable that makes and using method thereof.
The technical scheme that the problem that the present invention is the above-mentioned proposition of solution adopts is: include oversheath and sensor fibre, sensor fibre is laid in oversheath, when it is characterized in that described sensor fibre is wire drawing, direct-on-line is carved into the complete same grating array optical fiber of grating, the reflectivity of grating is-20dB ~-70dB, metal armor layers is provided with in oversheath, described sensor fibre is lax to be laid in metal armor layers, and described oversheath is the monolithic devices oversheath of an extrusion moulding.
By such scheme, described sensor fibre is the complete same grating array optical fiber of a continuous print weldless point.
By such scheme, the quantity described sensor fibre being inscribed continuously grating is 5 ~ 10000, and the spacing between two adjacent gratings is 1m ~ 200m.
By such scheme, described sensor fibre is made up of the bare fibre surface coated with resins coat or carbon overlay or metal coating layer being carved into grating.
By such scheme, the static tensile strength of described sensor fibre is more than or equal to 55N, and the entirety of optical fiber is through the dynamic screening of 100kpsi tension force.
By such scheme, described sensor fibre outer cladding tight sleeve layer or loose jacket layer, form tight cover sensor fibre and pine cover sensor fibre respectively.
By such scheme, between oversheath and metal armor layers, be provided with non-metal reinforced layer.
By such scheme, described oversheath radial section is circular or butterfly.
By such scheme, circumferentially interval or both sides are provided with reinforcement in described oversheath.
Optical fiber optical grating array sensor fibre provided by the invention is a kind of fiber grating quasi-distributed sensor, and fiber grating wherein can be equidistant arrangement, also can be non-equally arrange.Use the exposure of monopulse UV laser beam, adopt phase mask plate method to inscribe grating, prepare weak reflection fiber grating, to bare fibre continuous exposure, prepare complete in low light level grid array.Inscribing mounting for grating is that excimer laser is in conjunction with phase mask plate, be arranged on below fiber drawing tower filament mouth, the monopulse UV laser beam that excimer laser exports is through diaphragm shaping, through lens focus, be irradiated on mask plate, thus write grating on the intimate bare fibre being close to mask plate.Inscribe in grating process and be subject to conputer controlled, the spacing between adjacent gratings and laser intensity all can be arranged on request, and package unit automatically inscribes grating continuously at the uniform velocity drop-down bare fibre.After inscribing grating, optical fiber is applied.
Grating array wavelength-division multiplex technique is due to the characteristic of wavelength-modulated, and each fiber grating can take certain bandwidth, does not allow overlap each other simultaneously.Therefore, the wavelength-division multiplex technique of fiber grating is subject to the restriction of light source bandwidth and grating wavelength fabric width, and on an optical fiber, multiplexing 30 gratings substantially reach capacity.Optical fiber optical grating array sensing optic cable provided by the invention raster count wherein has 5 at least, can as many as 10000 or more, determines as required.But the quantity that on an optical fiber, grating is multiplexing more than 30 time, be difficult to carry out signal receiving with wavelength-division multiplex technique separately.
The present invention adopts entirely with the method for low light level grid array technology, optical time domain reflection technology and fibre coherence technique compound use, gathers high-frequency vibration signal, realizes the location to vibration signal and detection.
The invention provides a kind of fibre-optical grating sensor using method: pulse width be longer than reflect required time in optical fiber optical grating array between adjacent two gratings Single wavelength coherent laser light source or multi-wavelength coherent laser light source incidence in optical fiber, interfere between reflected light between adjacent two fiber gratings, interference signal is sent to controller by photodetector, controller gathers the interference signal of different time, address lookup and optical wavelength information inquiry are carried out to optical fiber optical grating array senser element, realize the detection to the vibration signal on optical fiber between certain adjacent two grating.
The light source that sensing uses is Single wavelength coherent laser light source or multi-wavelength coherent laser light source, and the operation wavelength of vibrating sensing is at 1.55 μm or 1.31 mu m wavebands.The ultimate range of vibration detecting is 50km.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: weldless point on the complete same grating array optical fiber of 1, living broadcast, intensity is high, and loss is little, and the consistance of grating is good, and prepared optical fiber optical grating array can a direct stranding; 2, sensing optic cable vibrational power flow advantages of simple of the present invention, the mechanical property of resistance to compression tension is strong, when optical cable is subject to tension force, optical fiber can be in relaxed state always, ensures that wherein grating does not stress, and can realize the detection to the vibration signal on optical fiber between any pair adjacent two grating; 3, employing carries out sensing with the method for low light level grid array technology, optical time domain reflection technology and fibre coherence technique compound use entirely, breach the limitation of existing sensing optic cable, location fast accurately, measurement result is reproducible, be easy to carry out grow distance multiple spot distribution measuring, can be multiplexed and form sensing network.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the radial section structural drawing of first embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 2 is the radial section structural drawing of second embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 3 is the radial section structural drawing of third embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 4 is the radial section structural drawing of four embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 5 is the radial section structural drawing of fifth embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 6 be in one embodiment of the invention one group entirely with low light level grid array demodulation collection of illustrative plates.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention is described in further detail.
First embodiment of the invention as shown in Figure 1, is a kind of round fiber grating array sensing optic cable, includes the oversheath 3 of round section, be provided with metal armouring 2 in oversheath, relaxes and lay sensor fibre 1 in metal armor layers; Wherein, described oversheath can be made up of pvc sheathing compound, flame-retardant sheath material or resistance to electric track resistant jacket material; Described metal armor layers can be made up of aluminium-plastic tape, composite steel-plastic belt, spiral steel armour, steel strand wires or stainless-steel tube, and the aperture of metal armor layers is 0.8 ~ 6mm; When described sensor fibre is wire drawing, direct-on-line is carved into the complete same grating array optical fiber of grating, the quantity inscribing grating is 5 ~ 10000, spacing between two adjacent gratings is 1m ~ 200m, can be equidistant or Unequal distance, grating on described sensor fibre is weak reflection fiber grating, and reflectivity is-20dB ~-70dB.Described sensor fibre is made up of the bare fibre surface coated with resins coat being carved into grating, and coat is 1 ~ 2 layer.Described oversheath is the monolithic devices oversheath of an extrusion moulding.Optic cable diameter 2mm in the present embodiment, spiral steel armour diameter 1mm, cable length 1964m, the spacing between grating is wherein 2m.
As shown in Figure 2, be that both sides are provided with reinforcement 4 in oversheath with the difference of first embodiment, described reinforcement is steel wire to second embodiment.Other structures are identical with first embodiment.
As shown in Figure 3, and the difference of first embodiment is that circumferentially 90 °, interval arranges 1 reinforcements 4 in oversheath to 3rd embodiment, and described reinforcement is steel wire.Other structures are identical with first embodiment.
As shown in Figure 4, and the difference of first embodiment is between oversheath and metal armor layers, be provided with non-metal reinforced layer 5 4th embodiment, and non-metal reinforced layer is aramid yarn.Other structures are identical with first embodiment.
As shown in Figure 5, be a kind of butterfly optical fiber optical grating array sensing optic cable, include the oversheath 3 in butterfly cross section, be provided with metal armor layers 2 in oversheath, metal armor layers is spiral steel armour to 5th embodiment, relaxes and lay sensor fibre 1 in metal armor layers; In oversheath, both sides are provided with reinforcement 4, and described reinforcement is steel wire.The present embodiment cable cross-section 4.5mm × 6.6mm, spiral steel armour diameter 3mm, cable length 1099m, the spacing wherein between grating is 20m.
Optical fiber optical grating array sensing optic cable cabling process (for embodiment 3) of the present invention is as follows:
In cabling process, optical fiber is all released in small tension receiving coil active unwrapping wire mode, first vertical bag reinforcement around optical fiber, diameter is 2 ~ 5mm preferably, then releases steel wire, places by reinforcement position in embodiment 3, extrude Polyvinylchloride through extrusion head and form sheath, then by selecting suitable traction wheel speed, make sheath stressed stretching in cold rinse bank, now vertical bag reinforcement stretches together, and wherein optical fiber is in loose tube structure and does not affect by traction wheel, gathers more long optical fibers in sheath.Then wait sheath by traction wheel, vertical bag reinforcement and sheath elasticity are recovered, contraction in length, thus make the optical fiber in loose tube structure obtain required plus-efl value, finally upper dish, and stranding terminates.
The grating of restituted signal of the present invention is different from general high light grid, and it is weak reflection fiber grating, and reflectivity is-20dB ~-70dB.The optical parametrics such as the reflectivity of these low light level grid, centre wavelength and bandwidth are identical, are called complete in low light level grid.Wire-drawer-tower is adopted to inscribe grating technology preparation online entirely with low light level grid array, LG1-100B type (FBG) demodulator is used to detect, demodulation is carried out to prepared complete same low light level grid array, certain grating (locate grating by distance, namely demarcate with the distance of certain grating to (FBG) demodulator) can be observed at centre wavelength sometime and grating spectral type curve thereof by the analysis software of correspondence.
Figure 6 shows that one group entirely with the demodulation collection of illustrative plates of low light level grid array, this is 2m with the spacing between the grating among low light level grid array entirely, the total length 1965m of grating array.According to the centre wavelength of the grating on diverse location on the known grating array sometime of Fig. 6, namely sometime the centre wavelength of grating array with the change of distance.Can find out that in grating array, each grating is successfully written to, do not have water clock, between grating, the interval error of 2m is very little, can to the grating on grating array accurate addressing location.
Sensing optic cable of the present invention can contain by one or more cable with a fixed structure that optical fiber of grating array, fibre bundle or fibre ribbon make through certain technique.Vibrating sensing optical cable of the present invention, its sensitive element and signal transmission component are high strength optical fiber grating array, simultaneously due to wherein optical fiber weldless point, loss is little, mechanical fiber optic performance is excellent, its tensile strength is higher than 55N, be much better than the grating array (its tensile strength generally only has 10N) of the welding formation that existing vibrating sensing optical cable uses, be convenient to stranding and use.Cable configuration in the present invention is simple, and vibrating sensing performance and mechanical property are all better than existing vibrating sensing optical cable.
The complete static tensile strength with grating array optical fiber of the present invention is more than or equal to 55N, and the entirety that length reaches the optical fiber of 5000m can remain intact after the dynamic screening of 100kpsi tension force, concrete embodiment is be drawn on unwrapping wire driving wheel and take-up driving wheel by the optical fiber containing grating array through propelling sheave, driving wheel pressure zone prevents optical fiber from skidding on wheel but not having extra-stress not damage fibre coating to optical fiber, the tension force seat being configured with belt sensor between two driving wheels applies the fixed weight corresponding to fiber dimensions, thus tension force is passed to optical fiber realize the tension force of optical fiber is checked.In practical operation, linearly stress being added on optical fiber gradually, after stable, optical fiber integrally being screened, being verified again from dropping to zero stress i.e. pine at full capacity linearly around state.And the grating of existing more than the 2m with fusion point cannot bear the entirety screening of equality strength.Easy understand, because fused fiber splice causes intensity impaired, the probability that fracture occurs is high, especially longer, and such as on the optical fiber of 100m length, even if only have 10 fusion points, as long as there is a fracture, so whole sensing optic cable all can lose efficacy.Can not compare so the high strength of the fiber grating of this entirety of the present invention is all gratings with fusion point.The present invention has increased substantially the reliability of stranding by the overall high strength optical fiber grating loading tension force screening, significant to the life-span extending sensing optic cable.