CN105538712A - 3D printing method adopting laser hybrid profile scanning - Google Patents
3D printing method adopting laser hybrid profile scanning Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a laser hybrid profile scanning method used for 3D laser printing. In the 3D laser printing process, by utilizing adjustment and changes of spot diameters and energy densities of laser beams, light beams with different light beam diameters are obtained, namely the small-spot light beams with the high energy density are obtained. Large-spot light beams with the low energy density are used for carrying out hybrid scanning on the model profile, large spots with the low energy density are used for achieving bonding and curing of profile scanning, small spots with the high energy density are used for achieving profile scanning invalidation, and finally manufacturing of shell molds meeting the requirements for size precision and strength is completed.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to 3D and print (increasing material manufacture) field, relate to 3D printing equipment and the method for the scanning of a kind of laser compound-contoured.
Background technology
Rapid shaping technique, also known as 3D printing technique, is developed so far from eighties of last century the eighties, and its superiority has obtained common people's accreditation, has numerous universities and colleges, scientific research institutions and enterprise at present both at home and abroad in the research carrying out 3D printing technique.3D printing technique is typical layered manufacturing technology, by obtaining 2-D data to the threedimensional model of target part by the process of certain thickness step section, successively processing, piling up shaping layer by layer.
Current employing laser be energy source and print powder body material be mainly divided into following several method: selective laser sintering method (SelectiveLaserSintering, SLS), selective laser thawing method (SelectiveLaserMelting, SLM), profile dead methods (ProfileInvalidationLaserRapidPrototyping, PIRP), be wherein applied to large format technical grade 3D print in mainly SLS and PIRP method.Although PIRP method only carries out failing scan to profile, relative to SLS, there is high efficiency, high-precision advantage, but need heating system, heating preconsolidation is carried out to view picture face, the breadth larger heat time is longer, affects overall processing efficiency, and stock utilization is low and part removal waste material for inner-cavity structure complexity is more difficult.The printing precision how improving the efficiency of printing, stock utilization and labyrinth model more and more becomes the focus of people's concern.
Summary of the invention
For the deficiencies in the prior art, the 3D Method of printing providing a kind of laser compound-contoured to scan of the present invention.The method adopts large spot laser to carry out the bonding consolidation of profile scan and combines with the efficient scanning inefficacy technique that PIRP profile lost efficacy, and realizes the printing that compound-contoured has scanned shell mould part.
This method specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) draw part three-dimensional CAD model on computers, use Slice Software to cut into slices to cad model, generation model slice information, obtains the two-dimensional silhouette of every layer of cad model, obtains two-dimensional silhouette data, as Fig. 1; The thickness of every layer of described cad model is 0.05 ~ 1.0mm.
(2) the two-dimensional silhouette data of cad model are processed, obtain the bonding path of profile scan and profile scan failing path; The technological parameter of laser scanning in bonding and failure procedure is set in computer; It is 50W ~ 2500W that described technological parameter comprises laser power, and sweep speed is 200 ~ 1500mm/s.
(3) distance of forming cavity piston decline thick layer, loose precoated sand is laid in forming cavity by paving powder system, completes paving powder process; Described thickness is 0.05mm ~ 1.0mm.
(4) the bonding path of scanning obtained in step 2, scanning failing path and technological parameter are imported in control system, control system is by the bonding path of scanning, laser large spot is adopted to carry out quick profile scan to precoated sand, make precoated sand be subject to hot consolidation, form the consolidation shell consistent with every layer of two-dimensional silhouette; Control system, by scanning failing path, adopts laser small light spot to carry out quick profile scan to consolidation shell, consolidation shell is heated be warming up to more than invalid temperature to lose consolidation performance, forms the inefficacy cut-off rule consistent with every layer of two-dimensional silhouette.Described large spot diameter range is 2 ~ 12mm; Small light spot diameter range is 0.03 ~ 0.3mm.
(5) step (3) and step (4) is repeated, successively machine the profile scan of whole cad model, complete print procedure, the shell mould part of size slightly larger than cad model is obtained in forming cavity, inefficacy cut-off rule composition inefficacy dividing layer, shell mould part is divided into defective material shell and effective shell by inefficacy dividing layer, and what wherein corresponding with cad model entity had common factor is effective shell, otherwise is defective material shell.
(6) clear up the outer loose precoated sand defective material of shell mould part, carry out coated with roughing sand to shell mould part, then entirety heating is carried out to the shell mould part after coated, remove roughing sand after being cooled to room temperature, obtain the consolidated articles with skim defective material shell.The thick stripping being 0.5mm ~ 5mm and being convenient to defective material of described defective material shell wall.
(7) the defective material shell of consolidated articles is peeled off, obtain the 3D solid consistent with cad model.
The present invention retains the equal failure procedure of former PIRP method profile, so have the features such as original high accuracy, high surface finish, adopt large spot laser to carry out the bonding profile that completes of profile scan and add hot consolidation, eliminate PIRP method view picture surface radiation and add hot consolidation, increase substantially printing effect and stock utilization.Heels reduces in a large number, makes the stripping defective material process in later stage become easy, and then has increased substantially structure complexity and the formed precision of printout.
Compared with SLS method forming process, method of the present invention adopts profile scan bonding, and non-comprehensive territory scanning is bonding, and large spot line width is far above SLS line width, so will far above SLS method on shaping efficiency.The process time of Method of printing of the present invention is mainly directly proportional to the surface area of part, and the time-write interval of SLS method is mainly directly proportional to product volume, and along with the increase of product volume, the working (machining) efficiency advantage of the inventive method can be larger.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is: printing precision is high, surface smoothness good, greatly reduces process time and remaining doses and then improves the printing precision of printing effect, stock utilization and labyrinth model.
The 3D Method of printing of laser compound-contoured provided by the invention scanning is further illustrated below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is system of the present invention and scanning diagrammatic elevation view;
Fig. 2 is that the present invention scans diagrammatic top view;
Fig. 3 is Method of printing flow chart of the present invention;
Fig. 4 A is blank schematic diagram;
Fig. 4 B is the three-dimensional partial sectional view of blank;
Fig. 4 C is that defective material shell peels off schematic diagram;
Fig. 4 D is entity schematic diagram;
In figure: 1 computer; 2 paving powder systems; 3 laser systems; 4 forming cavity pistons; 5 dividing layers; 6 precoated sands; 7 defective material shells; 8 effective shells; 9 workbenches; 10 forming cavities; 11 control systems.
Specific embodiments
The present invention proposes a kind of laser compound-contoured scanning 3D Method of printing, the method adopts that large spot laser scanning profile is bonding to carry out shell mould to printed material with small light spot laser scanning profile inefficacy combination process and print and manufacture.Specifically comprise the following steps:
(1) draw part three-dimensional CAD model at computer 1, use Slice Software to cut into slices to cad model, generation model slice information, obtains the two-dimensional silhouette of every layer of cad model, obtains two-dimensional silhouette data, as Fig. 1;
(2) the two-dimensional silhouette data of cad model are processed, obtain the bonding path of profile scan and profile scan failing path;
(3) forming cavity piston 4 declines the distance of thick layer, and loose precoated sand 6 is laid in forming cavity 10 by paving powder system 2, completes paving powder process;
(4) the bonding path of scanning obtained in step 2, scanning failing path and technological parameter are imported in control system 11, control system 11 is by the bonding path of scanning, laser large spot is adopted to carry out quick profile scan to precoated sand 6, make precoated sand 6 by hot consolidation, form the consolidation shell consistent with every layer of two-dimensional silhouette; Control system 11 is by scanning failing path, laser small light spot is adopted to carry out quick profile scan to consolidation shell, consolidation shell is heated be warming up to more than invalid temperature to lose consolidation performance, forms the inefficacy cut-off rule consistent with every layer of two-dimensional silhouette, many cut-off rules composition dividing layers 5;
(5) step (3) and step (4) is repeated, successively machine the profile scan of whole cad model, complete print procedure, the shell mould part of size slightly larger than cad model is obtained in forming cavity, shell mould part is divided into defective material shell 7 and effective shell 8 by inefficacy dividing layer 5, what wherein corresponding with cad model entity had common factor is effective shell 8, otherwise is defective material shell 7.
(6) clear up outer loose precoated sand 6 defective material of shell mould part, carry out coated with roughing sand to shell mould part, then entirety heating is carried out to the shell mould part after coated, remove roughing sand after being cooled to room temperature, obtain the consolidated articles with skim defective material shell 7.
(7) the defective material shell of consolidated articles is peeled off, obtain the 3D solid consistent with cad model.
Below to be that file printing " convex " font entity is combined into example with precoated sand, accompanying drawing does further discussion to the present invention.
First in computer 1, complete the shape-designing of the three-dimensional CAD model of " convex " font, carry out Z-direction 0.3 millimeter of layering again, and the outline line information extracting every one deck is as Master data, generate according to these data two class.paths that and profile scan bonding for profile scan lost efficacy respectively.
Start control system 11, laser spot diameter and energy density carry out classification setting, meet the technological parameter requirement of two kinds of scan methods.Paving powder system 2 spreads the precoated sand 6 of 0.3 millimeter of thickness on workbench 9, laser beam 3 is under the control of control system 11, first spot diameter and energy density is adjusted, the two-dimensional silhouette scanning selecting large spot laser to carry out " convex " font to this layer of precoated sand is bonding, precoated sand 6 intensification is cemented in forming cavity 10 and is consolidated into shell.Wherein the thickness of coated model defective material shell 7, depends on the relative distance of the bonding path of profile scan and profile scan failing path.
After completing data processing, small light spot is selected to carry out profile scan along profile scan failing path to current consolidation shell, precoated sand 6 is made to be warming up to more than the temperature of resin carbonation, it is made to lose consolidation performance, formation can make the dividing layer 5 of the cutting and separating of effective shell 8 and defective material shell 7, complete compound-contoured scanning, shell mould inside and outside are loose precoated sand 6.Then control system 11 control piston 4 declines 0.3 millimeter, carries out the paving powder of lower one deck, compound-contoured line sweep, until complete the profile scan of whole model.
Complete the last handling process after printing processing as Fig. 4, first remove the precoated sand not having consolidation, obtain blank shell mould part as Fig. 4 A, wherein Fig. 4 B is three-dimensional partial sectional view.Mainly comprise defective material shell 7, effectively shell 8, precoated sand 6 that heart portion is wrapped by and dividing layer 5.To this blank shell mould part with and the precoated sand roughing sand with identical hot property be backfilling into forming cavity after the final strengthening of overall heating, heating-up temperature and time reference and technological experiment result that is 180 DEG C be incubated 1h.After blank shell mould part being taken out after being heating and curing, defective material shell 1 is carried out stripping and obtains profiled member as Fig. 4 D.
Claims (5)
1. a 3D Method of printing for laser compound-contoured scanning, is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
1) at computer (1) upper drafting part three-dimensional CAD model, use Slice Software to cut into slices to cad model, generation model slice information, obtains the two-dimensional silhouette of every layer of cad model, obtains two-dimensional silhouette data;
2) process the two-dimensional silhouette data of cad model, obtain the bonding path of profile scan and profile scan failing path; The technological parameter of laser scanning in bonding and failure procedure is set in computer (1);
3) forming cavity piston (4) decline thick layer distance, precoated sand (6) is laid in forming cavity (10) by paving powder system (2), completes paving powder process;
4) by step 2) in the bonding path of scanning, scanning failing path and the technological parameter that obtain import in control system (11), control system (11) is by the bonding path of scanning, laser large spot is adopted to carry out quick profile scan to precoated sand (6), precoated sand (6), by hot consolidation, forms the consolidation shell consistent with every layer of two-dimensional silhouette; Control system (11), by scanning failing path, adopts laser small light spot to carry out quick profile scan to consolidation shell, and consolidation shell is heated and is warming up to more than invalid temperature and loses consolidation performance, forms the inefficacy cut-off rule consistent with every layer of two-dimensional silhouette; Described large spot diameter range is 2 ~ 12mm; Small light spot diameter range is 0.03 ~ 0.3mm;
5) step 3 is repeated) and step 4), successively machine the profile scan of whole cad model, complete print procedure; The shell mould part of size slightly larger than cad model is obtained in forming cavity (10), shell mould part is divided into defective material shell (7) and effective shell (8) by inefficacy cut-off rule, wherein, what the entity corresponding with cad model had common factor is effective shell (8), otherwise is defective material shell (7);
6) clear up outer precoated sand (6) defective material of shell mould part, carry out coated with roughing sand to shell mould part, then entirety heating is carried out to the shell mould part after coated, remove roughing sand after being cooled to room temperature, obtain the consolidated articles with defective material shell (7);
7) peel off the defective material shell (7) in consolidated articles, obtain the 3D solid consistent with cad model.
2. 3D Method of printing according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described step 1) in the thickness of every layer of cad model be 0.05 ~ 1.0mm; Described step 3) in decline thickness distance be 0.05mm ~ 1.0mm.
3. 3D Method of printing according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that, described step 6) in defective material shell wall thick be 0.5mm ~ 5mm.
4. 3D Method of printing according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that, it is 50W ~ 2500W that described technological parameter comprises laser power, sweep speed 200 ~ 1500mm/s.
5. 3D Method of printing according to claim 3, is characterized in that, it is 50W ~ 2500W that described technological parameter comprises laser power, sweep speed 200 ~ 1500mm/s.
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| CN106738908A (en) * | 2017-01-24 | 2017-05-31 | 厦门达天电子科技有限公司 | A kind of quick many sintering increasing material manufacturing device and method |
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| CN107096920A (en) * | 2017-05-25 | 2017-08-29 | 华南理工大学 | A kind of non-average dual-beam synchronous scanning selective laser melting appartus and its light path synthetic method |
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| CN116833428A (en) * | 2023-08-31 | 2023-10-03 | 北京清研智束科技有限公司 | Scanning method and printing method for contour area and filling area in 3D printing |
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