CN105538154B - The single abrasive particle that a kind of CBN cutters repair ferrous metal test specimen in advance continuously scratches act of interference method of testing - Google Patents
The single abrasive particle that a kind of CBN cutters repair ferrous metal test specimen in advance continuously scratches act of interference method of testing Download PDFInfo
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- CN105538154B CN105538154B CN201610077954.1A CN201610077954A CN105538154B CN 105538154 B CN105538154 B CN 105538154B CN 201610077954 A CN201610077954 A CN 201610077954A CN 105538154 B CN105538154 B CN 105538154B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B49/00—Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation
- B24B49/006—Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation taking regard of the speed
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B27/00—Other grinding machines or devices
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B49/00—Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B49/00—Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation
- B24B49/10—Measuring or gauging equipment for controlling the feed movement of the grinding tool or work; Arrangements of indicating or measuring equipment, e.g. for indicating the start of the grinding operation involving electrical means
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Abstract
Single abrasive particle for repairing ferrous metal test specimen in advance the invention discloses a kind of CBN cutters continuously scratches act of interference method of testing, the material properties test belonged in machining and precise and ultraprecise machining field, by the way that ferrous metal test specimen is fixed on electro spindle, on-line dynamic balancing is carried out to the test specimen；Then the test specimen is carried out to repair disk using CBN cutters, reaches end face run-out and roughness requirements needed for test；The subsequent top that changes the outfit is connected with the tool heads of single abrasive particle, and is carried out in Renewal process to knife；Scratching test is finally entered, test specimen is to specify rotating speed to rotate, and tool heads form interference spiral scratch in test specimen end face to specify cutting-in radial feed, and measuring system gathers the physical quantitys such as scratching power, acoustic emission signal in the process.The present invention can simulate the act of interference between high-speed grinding process abrasive particle.Dependence test result can be used for the further investigation of grinding principle and the optimization of grinding parameter.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the material properties test in being machined and precise and ultraprecise machining field, and in particular to a kind of
The single abrasive particle that CBN cutters repair ferrous metal test specimen in advance continuously scratches act of interference method of testing.
Background technology
Grinding process can be regarded as abrasive surface and largely arrange uneven, the irregular different abrasive particle of distribution
The working angles completed jointly.In scientific research, complicated phenomenon is often abstracted into a kind of pattern of simplification, to inquire into some originally
The problem of matter.The shear action for forming the tiny abrasive particle of emery wheel is the basis of grinding, and single abrasive grain cutting adds as grinding
The basic model of work, turn into a kind of important means for recognizing complicated ablation.In actual grinding process, on the grinding tool such as emery wheel
Abrasive particle interferes on the same position of machined surface, abrasive particle is removed the form of material and complicates, therefore abrasive machining
The formation of middle machined surface is often the result of more abrasive grain cuttings on same position, cultivated plough or scratching effect, therefore studies
The interference effect of more abrasive particles on the surface adds to power, temperature, the chip formation mechanism of material and the workpiece in analysis grinding process
Work surface quality has important directive significance.
Many scholars have experimentally done substantial amounts of work in single abrasive particle scratching, have developed the test method and its dress of correlation
Put, but due to the shortcoming of research technique and experimental rig, all do not account for the influence that more abrasive particles interfere, more abrasive particles
The research interfered also rests on simulation stage mostly, is such as removed using the material of Boolean calculation emulation abrasive particle interventional procedures,
Or analysis is modeled to the interventional procedures of more abrasive particles using numerical value emulation method.Also have that to study more abrasive particles on a small quantity mutually dry
The device of influence is related to, such as arranges more abrasive particles with certain relative angle and radial direction spacing, produces interference when scratching
Effect, but arrangement error of the more abrasive particles in radial direction spacing is larger (10 μm of resolution ratio), therefore more abrasive particles interfere
When, the control accuracy of actual amount of interference is not higher than 10 μm, therefore can only carry out the interference of some large scale (being more than 100 μm) abrasive particles
Test, while device structure is complicated, adjustment process is largely dependent upon the experience of operator, is not carried out automation adjustment
And position feedback control, thus it is difficult to high-precision act of interference test.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention in place of overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, there is provided a kind of CBN cutters repair ferrous metal in advance
Single abrasive particle of test specimen continuously scratches act of interference method of testing, and disk and precise motion feedback control are repaiied with reference to Ultra-precision Turning,
The scratching act of interference of more abrasive particles can be made using single abrasive particle, device structure is simple, the control accuracy of abrasive particle amount of interference
It is high；Dependence test result can be used for the further investigation of grinding mechanism and grinding skin forming process, so as to optimize grinding
Machined parameters, improve product quality.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is：
The single abrasive particle that a kind of CBN cutters repair ferrous metal test specimen in advance continuously scratches act of interference method of testing, including：
1) ferrous metal test specimen is fixed on electro spindle, test specimen can be rotated by electro spindle；The test specimen is carried out online
Dynamic balancing；
2) test specimen is carried out to repair disk using CBN single point cutters, is better than IT1 to form end face run-out amount in surface of test piece
Level, surface average roughness Ra are repaiied disk area better than 10nm's, comprised the following steps that：
2-1) disk is repaiied in the roughing of CBN single point cutters：Vertical turning pattern, to CBN single point cutters and test specimen while repairing disk
Cooled down, the range of speeds of test specimen is 2000~10000rpm when repairing disk, and CBN single point cutters are on the outside of test specimen with 10~50 μm
Cutting-in along test specimen radial feed, feed speed scope is 0.4~1.2mm/s, and feeding distance is the 1/4~1/2 of test specimen diameter；
Disk is repaiied in 2-2) CBN single point cutters finishing：Vertical turning pattern, to CBN single point cutters and test specimen while repairing disk
Cooled down, the range of speeds of test specimen is 2000~10000rpm when repairing disk, and CBN single point cutters are on the outside of test specimen with 2~10 μm
Cutting-in along test specimen radial feed, feed speed scope is 0.1~0.3mm/s, and feeding distance is the 1/4~1/2 of test specimen diameter；
3) CBN single point cutters touching tool setting gauge, it is determined that repairing difference in height h of the disk area with tool setting gauge to knife plane0；By CBN
Single point cutter is replaced by the tool heads that top is connected with single abrasive particle, the abrasive particle touching tool setting gauge on tool heads top, then by instrument
Axial direction of the head along test specimen rotation moves up h0+ δ, so that the abrasive particle on tool heads top is located at test specimen and repaiied above disk area at δ, it is complete
Paired knife；
4) tool heads are moved to directly over the scratching point for repairing disk area, and moves down δ+apSo that scratching depth is ap；According to need
Scratching radius R where scratching speed v and the scratching point of test, passes throughThe setting speed n of calculation testing piece；According to
Interference ratio ρ, the arc radius r of single abrasive particle that need to be tested, scratching depth ap, pass throughCalculate
The radial feed speed s of tool heads；Test specimen rotates according to setting speed n, and tool heads are deep according to radial feed speed s and scratching
Spend apAlong test specimen radial feed, so that abrasive particle repairing disk area scratches the cut to form predetermined interference degrees；While scratching pair
Tool heads and test specimen are cooled down；Data during being scratched during this by the measuring system collection being connected with tool heads.
In one embodiment：In the step 4), tool heads are according to radial feed speed s and scratching depth apAlong test specimen radially
Fed while feeding along test specimen rotation axis direction.
In one embodiment：The abrasive particle is diamond, CBN, oxide ceramics or nitride ceramics, and abrasive particle is shaped as ball
Shape, cone or polygonal pyramid shape；The abrasive particle is fixed in tool heads top by mechanical grip, plating or soldering；The tool heads
For pressure head.
In one embodiment：The measuring system is dynamometry and acoustic emission system, includes dynamometer, the sound of the connection of mutual signal
Emission system, data collecting card and signal amplifier；The tool heads are connected with dynamometer and acoustic emission system.
In one embodiment：The intrinsic frequency of the dynamometer is higher than 4KHz, and dynamometry precision is better than 0.01N；The data are adopted
The sample rate of truck is higher than 2M/s.
In one embodiment：The test specimen is disc；In the step 2), the feeding distance of CBN cutters is less than when repairing disk
Test specimen radius, the disk area of repairing is annular.
In one embodiment：The tool heads are equal in the positioning precision that the axial direction and radial direction rotated along test specimen moves
Better than 0.1 μm, the positioning precision coordinates control by displacement transducer and corresponding position feedback system.
In one embodiment：The positioning precision of the tool setting gauge is better than 0.1 μm.
In one embodiment：Described cut is continuous helical shape cut, and the cut number of turns is more than 3.
In one embodiment：The tool heads diameter parallel is in test specimen rotation axis.
In addition to being described, the connected mode between the single treatment process of each device involved in the present invention and each device is equal
For this area routine techniques, it is not described in detail in herein.
Compared with background technology, it has the following advantages that the technical program：
1. the high precision measurement method of single abrasive particle scratching act of interference disclosed in this invention, utilizes single abrasive particle
The scratching act of interference of more abrasive particles is made, depth, different interference degrees, difference are scratched different available for single abrasive particle is studied
Act of interference under speed is scratched, due to being that continuous scratching can collect scratching force signal with accurate stable；Device structure is simple,
The control accuracy of abrasive particle amount of interference is high；Dependence test result can be used for the depth of grinding mechanism and grinding skin forming process
Enter research, so as to optimize grinding parameter, improve product quality.
2. the present invention carries out on-line dynamic balancing to main shaft-sample system, the significantly end face in high-speed rotation is avoided
Bounce or circular runout, so as to keep the steady contact state between abrasive particle and test specimen；Meanwhile utilize CBN lathe tool Ultra-precision Turnings
Technology carries out on-line machining to test specimen, while improves the form accuracy and surface smoothness of test specimen, improves test specimen revolution essence
Degree and grain motion precision, so as to ensure that the relative motion precision between abrasive particle and test specimen, coordinate dynamic balancing, further ensure
Above can continually and steadily it be contacted in longer scratching distance between abrasive particle and test specimen, so as to realize that the high-speed, high precision of abrasive particle scratching is surveyed
Examination.
3. according to the general knowledge of this area, the machined surface quality of test specimen must be better than the surface that related grinding process obtains
Quality, an order of magnitude is preferably higher by, obtained cut test result could be used for the analysis of grinding process cutting mechanisms；Due to
The present invention greatly improves the quality of surface of test piece, therefore disclosure satisfy that wanting for the high accuracy analysis such as grinding process cutting mechanisms
Ask, the research available for Material Removal Mechanism in process of friction and wear and grinding.
4. abrasive particle scratching depth is more than more than the 5 times stability that just can guarantee that scratching of surface of test piece fluctuating quantity, due to
The present invention greatly improves the quality of surface of test piece, and surface of test piece precision and finish are good, even the abrasive particle of small grain size also can
Stable high accuracy scratching is realized, therefore can be used for the single abrasive particle scratching test of small grain size abrasive particle, has further expanded this hair
Bright application, and single abrasive particle scratching experimental technique of the industry is greatly facilitated.
Brief description of the drawings
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Fig. 1 is the method for testing principle schematic of the present invention.
Fig. 2 repaiies disk Principle of Process schematic diagram for the present invention's.
Fig. 3 is the act of interference schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the contrast that surface of test piece three-dimensional appearance before and after disk is repaiied in the embodiment of the present invention 1, before wherein Fig. 4 a is repair disk
(being processed through conventional smart car technique), after Fig. 4 b is repair disk.
Fig. 5 is the contrast that surface of test piece end face run-out amount before and after disk is repaiied in the embodiment of the present invention 1, before wherein Fig. 5 a is repair disk
(being processed through conventional smart car technique), its end face run-out amount maximum is up to 17.9 μm；After Fig. 5 b is repair disk, its end face run-out amount is most
Big value is 2.8 μm.
Fig. 6 is the influence schematic diagram under different interference ratio ρ to cutting force in the embodiment of the present invention 1.
Fig. 7 is the three-dimensional appearance figure that abrasive particle interferes cut in the embodiment of the present invention 2.
Fig. 8 is the two-dimensional appearance figure that abrasive particle interferes cut in the embodiment of the present invention 2.
Fig. 9 be comparative example of the present invention in repair disk area and do not repair disk area single abrasive particle continuously scratch test result illustrate
Figure.
Reference：Test specimen 1, tool heads 2, repair disk area 3, tool setting gauge 4, CBN lathe tools 5.
Embodiment
Present disclosure is illustrated below by embodiment：
Embodiment 1
The single abrasive particle that a kind of CBN (cubic boron nitride) cutter repaiies ferrous metal test specimen in advance continuously scratches act of interference test
Method, used device include：
Lathe, disc ferrous metal test specimen 1 is installed on the electro spindle of lathe, and test specimen 1 can be rotated by electro spindle；
Dynamic balance instrument, for carrying out on-line dynamic balancing to test specimen 1；
CBN single point cutters, it is CBN single-points lathe tool 5, for carrying out repairing disk to the end face of test specimen 1；The CBN single-points lathe tool 5 can fill
It is installed in support with tearing open, and lathe is movably installed in by support；
Tool heads 2, for carrying out scratching test；The top of tool heads 2 is connected with the abrasive particle of single；The tool heads 2 can be with
CBN single point cutters are installed in support with mutually replacing assembly and disassembly, and are movably installed in lathe by support；The axis of tool heads 2 is put down
The axial direction and move in the radial direction that row can rotate in the rotation axis of test specimen 1, tool heads 2 in test specimen 1, and two sides
To positioning precision be superior to 0.1 μm, the positioning precision coordinates control to protect by grating scale and its corresponding position feedback system
Card；
Tool setting gauge 4, for carrying out being better than 0.1 μm to knife, positioning precision to CBN single point cutters and tool heads 2；It is installed in machine
Bed, and the relative position between test specimen 1 keeps fixing；
Measuring system, is dynamometry and acoustic emission system, including the dynamometer of mutual signal connection, acoustic emission system, data
Capture card and signal amplifier；The tool heads 2 are connected with dynamometer and acoustic emission system；The connection of data acquisition card signal calculates
Machine；The intrinsic frequency of dynamometer is higher than 4KHz, and dynamometry precision is better than 0.01N；The sample rate of data collecting card is higher than 2M/s.
Air-cooler, for repairing tool heads and examination during CBN single point cutters and test specimen during disk, and scratching
Cooling is blowed in part.
Specific method of testing is as follows：
1) diameter 320mm, thickness 20mm 45 steel disc test specimens 1 are fixed with modes such as magnetic suction disc or mechanical clamps
On the electro spindle of lathe, test specimen 1 can be rotated by electro spindle；On-line dynamic balancing is carried out to the test specimen 1 with dynamic balance instrument, to subtract
Vibration of few test specimen 1 when high speed rotates, so as to ensure that abrasive particle and test specimen 1 can be contacted stably during scratching；
2) test specimen 1 is carried out repairing disk using CBN single-points lathe tool 5, first carries out roughing, then finished, to try
The surface of part 1 forms 5.1 μm of end face run-out amount, and surface average roughness Ra 4.57nm annular repaiies disk area 3, to reduce examination
The end face run-out amount of part 1, surface quality is improved, be further ensured that during scratching that abrasive particle and test specimen 1 can be contacted stably, specific step
It is rapid as follows：
Disk is repaiied in 2-1) CBN single-points lathe tool roughing：Vertical turning pattern, opens air-cooler while repairing disk, makes cold wind pair
Quasi- CBN single-points lathe tool 5 and test specimen 1 are cooled down, and the rotating speed of test specimen 1 is 3000rpm when repairing disk, and CBN single-points lathe tool 5 is from test specimen 1
With 15 μm of cutting-in along test specimen radial feed, feed speed scope is 0.4~1.2mm/s, feeding distance 110mm in outside；
Disk is repaiied in 2-2) CBN single-points lathe tool finishing：Vertical turning pattern, opens air-cooler while repairing disk, makes cold wind pair
Quasi- CBN single-points lathe tool 5 and test specimen 1 are cooled down, and the rotating speed of test specimen 1 is 3000rpm when repairing disk, and CBN single-points lathe tool 5 is from test specimen 1
With 2 μm of cutting-in along test specimen radial feed, feed speed scope is 0.1~0.3mm/s, feeding distance 110mm in outside；
Fig. 4 and Fig. 5 are shown in the contrast for repairing the three-dimensional surface shape of test specimen 1 and end face run-out amount before and after disk respectively；
3) CBN single-points lathe tool 5 touches tool setting gauge 4, it is determined that repairing difference in height h of the disk area 3 with tool setting gauge 4 to knife plane0；Will
CBN single-points lathe tool 5 is removed from support, and being replaced by top soldering has the single radius 0.1mm tool heads 2 of spherical wear particles, work
First 2 top of tool moves closer to tool setting gauge 4, and when measuring system data produce mutation, the abrasive particle on first 2 top of representational tool just touches
Tool setting gauge 4 is touched to knife plane, then the axial direction that tool heads 2 are rotated along test specimen moves up h0+ δ, so that the mill on the top of tool heads 2
Grain is repaiied at the top δ of disk area 3 positioned at test specimen 1, is completed to knife, can accurately control scratching depth during so as to ensure follow-up test；
4) every test parameter is calculated：
According to the scratching radius R (mm) where scratching speed v (m/s) and the scratching point that need to be tested, pass through
The setting speed n of calculation testing piece 1；
Among the present embodiment, the scratching speed v of required test takes 30~80m/s, and annular repaiies the radius of disk area
For 50~160mm, repair the radius that carries out scratching test in disk area at this and be also set to 50~160mm, speed is scratched with this
With the range of speeds of radius calculation testing piece and take an appropriate median 5000rpm as rotating speed n；On this condition,
Scratching radius R corresponding to 30m/s scratching speed is 57.3mm, and scratching radius R is corresponding to 80m/s scratching speed
152.7mm；
Interference degrees are typically with interference ratio ρ (mm/r2) characterize, the definition for interfering ratio is：
Wherein, s (mm/r) is every turn of amount of feeding along test specimen radial direction of tool heads, the radial feed speed for characterization tool head
Degree；L (mm) is scratching width；R (mm) is the arc radius of single abrasive particle, and arc radius is the circular arc of the two-dimensional section of abrasive particle
Radius, when abrasive particle is spherical, arc radius is equal with abrasive particle radius；ap(mm) it is scratching depth；
According to the interference ratio ρ that need to be tested, the arc radius r and scratching depth a of single abrasive particlep, utilize above-mentioned interference ratio
The defined formula of rate, passes throughThe radial feed speed s of tool heads is calculated；
Among the present embodiment, the interference ratio ρ of required test is set to 25%, 50%, 75%；Single spherical wear particles
Arc radius r is 0.1mm；Scratch depth ap10 μm, 20 μm, 30 μm, 40 μm, 50 μm are set to, calculates corresponding s respectively
Value.
As needed, during scratching, the axis direction upper feeding that tool heads make it be rotated in test specimen 1 can be adjusted,
Make scratching depth apChange, the scratching depth a of two adjacent rings cutpDifference be calculated as h, exist so as to study single abrasive particle
Act of interference under difference scratching depth；In the present embodiment, h=0.
The level of tool heads 2 is moved to and repaiied directly over the setting scratching point of disk area 3, and moves down δ+apTo reach setting scratching
Depth ap；Air-cooler is opened, is cooled down cold wind alignment tools head and test specimen；Test specimen 1 is according to above-mentioned setting speed n=
5000rpm is rotated, and tool heads 2 are according to the radial feed speed s and scratching depth a of settingpAlong the radial feed of test specimen 1, with reference to
The rotation of test specimen 1, so that the scratching of abrasive particle repairing disk area 3 forms the continuous helical shape cut that interference ratio is ρ, the cut number of turns is big
In 3；Data during being scratched during scratching by dynamometer and the acoustic emission system collection being connected with tool heads 2, and
Transmitted by signal amplifier to data collecting card, then transmit to computer and calculated, can obtain scratching power, acoustic emission signal
Etc. physical quantity, for study it is above-mentioned it is various under the conditions of act of interference.
Influence under the different interference ratio ρ obtained using the above method to cutting force is as shown in Figure 6.
Embodiment 2
1) diameter 140mm, thickness 20mm 45 steel disc test specimens 1 are fixed with modes such as magnetic suction disc or mechanical clamps
On the electro spindle of lathe, test specimen 1 can be rotated by electro spindle；On-line dynamic balancing is carried out to the test specimen 1 with dynamic balance instrument, to subtract
Vibration of few test specimen 1 when high speed rotates, so as to ensure that abrasive particle and test specimen 1 can be contacted stably during scratching；
2) test specimen 1 is carried out repairing disk using CBN single-points lathe tool 5, first carries out roughing, then finished, to try
The surface of part 1 forms 5.1 μm of end face run-out amount, and surface average roughness Ra 4.57nm annular repaiies disk area 3, to reduce examination
The end face run-out amount of part 1, surface quality is improved, be further ensured that during scratching that abrasive particle and test specimen 1 can be contacted stably, specific step
It is rapid as follows：
Disk is repaiied in 2-1) CBN single-points lathe tool roughing：Vertical turning pattern, opens air-cooler while repairing disk, makes cold wind pair
Quasi- CBN single-points lathe tool 5 and test specimen 1 are cooled down, and the rotating speed of test specimen 1 is 3000rpm when repairing disk, and CBN single-points lathe tool 5 is from test specimen 1
With 15 μm of cutting-in along test specimen radial feed, feed speed scope is 0.4~1.2mm/s, feeding distance 40mm in outside；
Disk is repaiied in 2-2) CBN single-points lathe tool finishing：Vertical turning pattern, opens air-cooler while repairing disk, makes cold wind pair
Quasi- CBN single-points lathe tool 5 and test specimen 1 are cooled down, and the rotating speed of test specimen 1 is 3000rpm when repairing disk, and CBN single-points lathe tool 5 is from test specimen 1
With 2 μm of cutting-in along test specimen radial feed, feed speed scope is 0.1~0.3mm/s, feeding distance 40mm in outside；
3) CBN single-points lathe tool 5 touches tool setting gauge 4, it is determined that repairing difference in height h of the disk area 3 with tool setting gauge 4 to knife plane0；Will
CBN single-points lathe tool 5 is removed from support, and being replaced by top soldering has the single radius 0.2mm tool heads 2 of spherical wear particles, work
First 2 top of tool moves closer to tool setting gauge 4, and when measuring system data produce mutation, the abrasive particle on first 2 top of representational tool just touches
Tool setting gauge 4 is touched to knife plane, then the axial direction that tool heads 2 are rotated along test specimen moves up h0+ δ, so that the mill on the top of tool heads 2
Grain is repaiied at the top δ of disk area 3 positioned at test specimen 1, is completed to knife, can accurately control scratching depth during so as to ensure follow-up test；
4) every test parameter is calculated：
According to the scratching radius R (mm) where scratching speed v (m/s) and the scratching point that need to be tested, pass through
The setting speed n of calculation testing piece 1；
Among the present embodiment, the scratching speed v of required test takes 10~20m/s, and annular repaiies the radius of disk area
For 30~70mm, repair the radius that carries out scratching test in disk area at this and be also set to 30~70mm, with this scratch speed and
The range of speeds of radius calculation testing piece simultaneously takes an appropriate median 3000rpm as rotating speed n；On this condition,
Scratching radius R corresponding to 10m/s scratching speed is 31.8mm, and scratching radius R is corresponding to 20m/s scratching speed
63.6mm；
According to the interference ratio ρ that need to be tested, the arc radius r and scratching depth a of single abrasive particlep, pass throughThe radial feed speed s of tool heads is calculated；
Among the present embodiment, the interference ratio ρ of required test is set to 25%, 50%, 75%；Single spherical wear particles
Arc radius r is 0.2mm；Scratch depth ap10 μm, 20 μm, 30 μm, 40 μm, 50 μm are set to, calculates corresponding s values；Work
Have head while with s radial feeds with 5 μm/s speed along the axis direction that test specimen rotates to lower feeding so that two adjacent rings
The scratching depth a of cutpH=0.1 μm of difference.
The level of tool heads 2 is moved to and repaiied directly over the setting scratching point of disk area 3, and moves down δ+apTo reach setting scratching
Depth ap；Air-cooler is opened, is cooled down cold wind alignment tools head and test specimen；Test specimen 1 is according to above-mentioned setting speed n=
3000rpm is rotated, and tool heads 2 are according to the radial feed speed s and scratching depth a of settingpAlong the radial feed of test specimen 1, simultaneously
With 5 μm/s speed axial feed, with reference to the rotation of test specimen 1, so that it is ρ that the scratching of abrasive particle repairing disk area 3, which forms interference ratio,
Continuous helical shape cut, the cut number of turns be more than 3；Pass through the dynamometer being connected with tool heads 2 and sound emission during scratching
Data during system acquisition scratching, and transmitted by signal amplifier to data collecting card, then transmit to computer and carry out
Calculate, can obtain scratching power, the physical quantity such as acoustic emission signal, for study it is above-mentioned it is various under the conditions of act of interference.
The three-dimensional appearance and two-dimensional appearance difference of the abrasive particle interference cut obtained using the above method are as shown in Figure 7 and Figure 8.
In the embodiment of the present invention, for ease of description, single abrasive particle is spherical, but is not limited thereto, and abrasive particle shape is also
Can be cone or polygonal pyramid shape etc., the arc radius r of taper abrasive particle is the round end radius of taper abrasive particle, commercially available on the market
Buy the taper abrasive particle that round end radius does not wait in 50 μm~1mm；Abrasive particle can be diamond, CBN, oxide ceramics or nitride
Ceramics；The abrasive particle is fixed in tool heads top by mechanical grip, plating or soldering；The tool heads can be pressure head
Or other fixed grain forms.
As needed, repair disk parameter adjusted in following scope and carry out it is one or many repair disk, can be in surface of test piece
Form end face run-out amount and be better than IT1 levels, surface average roughness Ra repaiies disk area better than 10nm's：
2-1) disk is repaiied in the roughing of CBN single point cutters：Vertical turning pattern, to CBN single point cutters and test specimen while repairing disk
Cooled down, the range of speeds of test specimen is 2000~10000rpm when repairing disk, and CBN single point cutters are on the outside of test specimen with 10~50 μm
Cutting-in along test specimen radial feed, feed speed scope is 0.4~1.2mm/s, and feeding distance is the 1/4~1/2 of test specimen diameter；
Disk is repaiied in 2-2) CBN single point cutters finishing：Vertical turning pattern, to CBN single point cutters and test specimen while repairing disk
Cooled down, the range of speeds of test specimen is 2000~10000rpm when repairing disk, and CBN single point cutters are on the outside of test specimen with 2~10 μm
Cutting-in along test specimen radial feed, feed speed scope is 0.1~0.3mm/s, and feeding distance is the 1/4~1/2 of test specimen diameter.
Comparative example
It should be noted that the test condition in this comparative example is arranged to not interfere between adjacent cut, in order to right
Than the difference observed cut form, scratch effect, but this comparative example still can reflect and use method of testing of the invention can be with
Realize the act of interference test of high-speed, high precision.
Ferrous metal test specimen is taken, after the processing of conventional smart car technique, surface of test piece is divided into two regions, one of area
Domain carries out repairing disk according to the disk step of repairing of the present invention, and its surface quality is reached end face run-out amount and is better than IT1 levels, surface is averagely thick
Rugosity Ra is better than 10nm, is designated as repairing disk area；Another region is designated as not repairing disk area without repairing disk.
Above-mentioned test specimen is carried out single abrasive particle and continuously scratched using the method for testing of the present invention, under same test parameter
Repair disk area and do not repair and cut is formed in disk area, scratch depth very little, can reach micron order, its comparing result as shown in figure 9,
As can be seen that in the case of scratch depth very little, the cut for repairing disk area forms coherent spiral shape, in uniform intervals point
Cloth, detect its depth direction error and be less than 1 μm/1mm, show the longer scratching in abrasive particle and test specimen repairing disk area apart from upper equal
Can continually and steadily it contact, so as to for the scratching act of interference test of the high-speed, high precision of abrasive particle；And drawing for disk area is not repaiied
Trace can not form coherent spiral shape, and cut interval is differed, and the cut depth, scratch width are respectively provided with macroscopic otherness, table
It can not continually and steadily be contacted between bright abrasive particle and test specimen, more be not used to the high-speed, high precision scratching act of interference test of abrasive particle.
It is described above, only present pre-ferred embodiments, therefore the scope that the present invention is implemented can not be limited according to this, i.e., according to
The equivalent changes and modifications that the scope of the claims of the present invention and description are made, all should still it belong in the range of the present invention covers.
Claims (10)
1. the single abrasive particle that a kind of CBN cutters repair ferrous metal test specimen in advance continuously scratches act of interference method of testing, its feature exists
In：Including：
1) ferrous metal test specimen is fixed on electro spindle, test specimen can be rotated by electro spindle；The test specimen is carried out online dynamic flat
Weighing apparatus；
2) test specimen is carried out to repair disk using CBN single point cutters, is better than IT1 levels, table to form end face run-out amount in surface of test piece
Face average roughness Ra repaiies disk area better than 10nm's, comprises the following steps that：
2-1) disk is repaiied in the roughing of CBN single point cutters：Vertical turning pattern, CBN single point cutters and test specimen are carried out while repairing disk
Cooling, the range of speeds of test specimen be 2000~10000rpm when repairing disk, and CBN single point cutters are cut from test specimen outside with 10~50 μm
Deep along test specimen radial feed, feed speed scope is 0.4~1.2mm/s, and feeding distance is the 1/4~1/2 of test specimen diameter；
Disk is repaiied in 2-2) CBN single point cutters finishing：Vertical turning pattern, CBN single point cutters and test specimen are carried out while repairing disk
Cooling, the range of speeds of test specimen be 2000~10000rpm when repairing disk, and CBN single point cutters are cut from test specimen outside with 2~10 μm
Deep along test specimen radial feed, feed speed scope is 0.1~0.3mm/s, and feeding distance is the 1/4~1/2 of test specimen diameter；
3) CBN single point cutters touching tool setting gauge, it is determined that repairing difference in height h of the disk area with tool setting gauge to knife plane0；By CBN single-point knives
Tool is replaced by the tool heads that top is connected with single abrasive particle, the abrasive particle touching tool setting gauge on tool heads top, then tool heads edge is tried
The axial direction of part rotation moves up h0+ δ, so that the abrasive particle on tool heads top is located at test specimen and repaiied above disk area at δ, completion pair
Knife；
4) tool heads are moved to directly over the scratching point for repairing disk area, and moves down δ+apSo that scratching depth is ap；According to needing to test
Scratching speed v and scratching point where a scratching radius R, pass throughThe setting speed n of calculation testing piece；According to needing to survey
Interference ratio ρ, the arc radius r of single abrasive particle of examination, scratching depth ap, pass throughCalculating instrument
The radial feed speed s of head；Test specimen rotates according to setting speed n, and tool heads are according to radial feed speed s and scratching depth ap
Along test specimen radial feed, so that abrasive particle repairing disk area scratches the cut to form predetermined interference degrees；To instrument while scratching
Head and test specimen are cooled down；Data during being scratched during this by the measuring system collection being connected with tool heads.
2. the single abrasive particle that a kind of CBN cutters according to claim 1 repair ferrous metal test specimen in advance continuously scratches interference row
For method of testing, it is characterised in that：In the step 4), tool heads are according to radial feed speed s and scratching depth apAlong test specimen
Fed while radial feed along test specimen rotation axis direction.
3. the single abrasive particle that a kind of CBN cutters according to claim 1 repair ferrous metal test specimen in advance continuously scratches interference row
For method of testing, it is characterised in that：The abrasive particle is diamond, CBN, oxide ceramics or nitride ceramics, and abrasive particle is shaped as
Spherical, conical or polygonal pyramid shape；The abrasive particle is fixed in tool heads top by mechanical grip, plating or soldering；The instrument
Head is pressure head.
4. the single abrasive particle that a kind of CBN cutters according to claim 1 repair ferrous metal test specimen in advance continuously scratches interference row
For method of testing, it is characterised in that：The measuring system is dynamometry and acoustic emission system, includes the dynamometry of mutual signal connection
Instrument, acoustic emission system, data collecting card and signal amplifier；The tool heads are connected with dynamometer and acoustic emission system.
5. the single abrasive particle that a kind of CBN cutters according to claim 4 repair ferrous metal test specimen in advance continuously scratches interference row
For method of testing, it is characterised in that：The intrinsic frequency of the dynamometer is higher than 4KHz, and dynamometry precision is better than 0.01N；The data
The sample rate of capture card is higher than 2M/s.
6. the single abrasive particle that a kind of CBN cutters according to claim 3 repair ferrous metal test specimen in advance continuously scratches interference row
For method of testing, it is characterised in that：The test specimen is disc；In the step 2), the feeding distance of CBN cutters is small when repairing disk
In test specimen radius, the disk area of repairing is annular.
7. the single abrasive particle that a kind of CBN cutters according to claim 1 repair ferrous metal test specimen in advance continuously scratches interference row
For method of testing, it is characterised in that：The positioning accurate that the tool heads move in the axial direction and radial direction rotated along test specimen
Degree is superior to 0.1 μm, and the positioning precision coordinates control by displacement transducer and corresponding position feedback system.
8. the single abrasive particle that a kind of CBN cutters according to claim 1 repair ferrous metal test specimen in advance continuously scratches interference row
For method of testing, it is characterised in that：The positioning precision of the tool setting gauge is better than 0.1 μm.
9. the single abrasive particle that a kind of CBN cutters according to claim 1 repair ferrous metal test specimen in advance continuously scratches interference row
For method of testing, it is characterised in that：Described cut is continuous helical shape cut, and the cut number of turns is more than 3.
10. the single abrasive particle that a kind of CBN cutters according to claim 1 repair ferrous metal test specimen in advance continuously scratches interference row
For method of testing, it is characterised in that：The tool heads diameter parallel is in test specimen rotation axis.
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| CN102590000B (en) * | 2012-02-21 | 2013-12-25 | 南京航空航天大学 | Super-speed grinding experiment method for single abrasive grain |
| CN104002220B (en) * | 2014-05-30 | 2016-06-08 | 河南理工大学 | An abrasive particle grinding experiment device and method that places an order is assisted in supersonic vibration |
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